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  • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
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  • A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
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  • A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
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  • A61K31/535—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one oxygen as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. 1,2-oxazines
  • A61K31/536—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one oxygen as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. 1,2-oxazines ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic ring systems
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  • A61K31/5375—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine
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  • A61K31/553—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole having at least one nitrogen and one oxygen as ring hetero atoms, e.g. loxapine, staurosporine
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  • C07D213/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
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  • C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
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  • C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
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Definitions

• the present disclosure relates to compounds that modulate SARM1, compositions comprising the compounds, methods of preparing the compounds, and methods of using the compounds to treat various diseases or conditions, e.g., those caused by axonal degeneration.
• Axonal degeneration causes disease progression and accumulation of disability in many degenerative diseases of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and central nervous systems (CNS) , such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) , or acute conditions such as traumatic brain injury.
• PNS peripheral nervous system
• CNS central nervous systems
• ALS amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
• acute conditions such as traumatic brain injury.
• SARM1 (Sterile Alpha and TIR Motif-containing 1) is a unique member of the Myd88 family of adaptor proteins and is considered a major driver of an evolutionarily conserved program of axonal degeneration downstream of chemical, inflammatory, mechanical or metabolic insults to the axon.
• SARM1 has been recognized as a central mediator of axonal degeneration in a number of diseases or conditions, including ALS, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, and diabetic neuropathy, as well as chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) , which is a major cause of morbidity and the main cause of dose reductions and discontinuations in cancer treatment.
• CIPN chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy
• SARM1 contains a mitochondrial targeting sequence, an N-terminal domain with armadillo repeats (ARM) , two sterile ⁇ -motif (SAM) domains, and a Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain (Gerdts J, Summers DW, Sasaki Y, DiAntonio A, Milbrandt J. Sarm1-mediated axon degeneration requires both SAM and TIR interactions. J Neurosci. 2013 Aug 14; 33 (33) : 13569-80. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI. 1197-13.2013. PMID: 23946415; PMCID: PMC3742939.
• the SARM1 TIR domain is a NAD+hydrolases (NADase) , which convert the NAD+ to ADPR or cADPR and NAM (Sporny M, Guez-Haddad J, wardiker M, Ulisse V, Volf A, Mim C, Isupov MN, Opatowsky Y. Structural Evidence for an Octameric Ring Arrangement of SARM1. J Mol Biol. 2019 Sep 6; 431 (19) : 3591-3605. doi: 10.1016/j. jmb. 2019.06.030. Epub 2019 Jul 3. PMID: 31278906. ) . This NADase activity is essential for its axonal degenerative function.
• SARM1 also depends on the oligomerization formed through SAM domain (Sporny M, Guez-Haddad J, wardiker M, Ulisse V, Volf A, Mim C, Isupov MN, Opatowsky Y. Structural Evidence for an Octameric Ring Arrangement of SARM1. J Mol Biol. 2019 Sep 6; 431 (19) : 3591-3605. doi: 10.1016/j. jmb. 2019.06.030. Epub 2019 Jul 3. PMID: 31278906.
• Bosanac et al. Bosanac T, Hughes RO, Engber T, Devraj R, Brearley A, Danker K, Young K, Kopatz J, Hermann M, Berthemy A, Boyce S, Bentley J, Krauss R. Pharmacological SARM1 inhibition protects axon structure and function in paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy. Brain. 2021 May 8: awab184. doi: 10.1093/brain/awab184. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33964142. ) , Hughes et al.
• dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitors e.g., biphenyl or phenyl benzo imidazole derivatives
• benzyl benzoxazol derivatives as Met-kinase inhibitors are disclosed in WO 2008/148449 Al,
• SARM1 inhibitors that can be used to prevent axonal degeneration in peripheral and central axonopathies and to provide a transformational disease-modifying treatment for these diseases or conditions.
• One aspect of this disclosure provides a compound selected from compounds of the Formulae disclosed herein, a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing, which can be employed in the treatment of various diseases or conditions, such as diseases or conditions caused by axonal degeneration.
• a compound of the following structural Formula I is disclosed herein:
• X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , and X 4 in Ring A is N, and the rest of X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , and X 4 are C;
• Ring B is phenyl or one or two of Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 , and Y 4 in Ring B is N, and the rest of Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 , and Y 4 are C;
• R a is selected from H, -OR s , halogen, -NR p R q , C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, CN, and C 1 -C 6 alkyl wherein the C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl and C 1 -C 6 alkyl of R a are optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from halogen, -OR s and -NR p R q ,
• R b and R c may join together to form an optionally substituted 5-to 7-membered heterocyclic or heteroaromatic ring;
• R b and R d may join together to form an optionally substituted 5-to 7-membered heterocyclic or heteroaromatic ring;
• R e is selected from H, halogen, -CN, C 1 -C 6 alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from halogen, -OR s and -NR p1 R q1 ;
• R s for each occurrence, is independently selected from H, phenyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl and C 1 -C 6 alkyl, wherein the phenyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, and C 1 -C 6 alkyl of R s are each optionally substituted with 1-3 groups selected from halogen, -OH and -O (C 1 -C 3 alkyl) ;
• R p and R q are independently selected from hydrogen, phenyl, 9-10 membered aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, and C 1 -C 4 alkyl, wherein the phenyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, and C 1 -C 4 alkyl of R p and R q are each optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from -COO (C 1 -C 4 alkyl) , halogen, -OH, -CN, -COOH, -CONH 2 , -CONH (C 1 -C 3 alkyl) , -NH (C 1 -C 3 alkyl) , -O (C 1 -C 3 alkyl) , and C 1 -C 4 alkyl;
• R p1 and R q1 are independently selected from hydrogen, -CO (C 1 -C 6 alkyl) , -SO 2 CH 3 , C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, and C 1 -C 6 alkyl, wherein the C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl and C 1 -C 6 alkyl of R p1 and R q1 are each optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogens;
• n is an integer independently selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3;
• n is an integer independently selected from 0, 1, and 2;
• w is an integer selected from 1 and 2.
• the compounds of the Formulae disclosed herein are selected from Compounds 1 to 120 shown below, a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing.
• the disclosure provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of the Formulae disclosed herein, a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• the pharmaceutical compositions may comprise a compound selected from Compounds 1 to 120 shown below, a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. These compositions may further comprise an additional active pharmaceutical agent.
• Another aspect of the disclosure provides methods of treating a disease or condition, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof, a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the Formulae disclosed herein, a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising any of the foregoing, wherein the disease or condition is selected amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) , Parkinson's disease, Parkinsonian syndromes, ischemia, stroke, herpes infection, a demyelinating disease such as multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, Sepsis, a chronic disease of PNS comprises inherited neuropathies, such as, but is not limited to Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) , an optic nerve disorder such as glaucoma, and retinal ganglion degeneration, colitis a metabolic disease or disorder such as diabetic neuropathy,
• a further aspect of the disclosure provides methods of treating a disease or condition caused by axonal degeneration, or neuronal damage mediated by SARM1 comprising administering to a subject in need thereof, a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the Formulae disclosed herein, a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising any of the foregoing.
• the methods of treatment comprise administering to a subject in need thereof, a compound selected from Compounds 1 to 120 shown below, a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising any of the foregoing.
• the methods of treatment comprise administration of an additional active pharmaceutical agent to the subject in need thereof, either in the same pharmaceutical composition as a compound of the Formulae disclosed herein, a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing, or in a separate composition.
• the methods of treatment comprise administering a compound selected from Compounds 1 to 120 shown below, a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing with an additional active pharmaceutical agent either in the same pharmaceutical composition or in a separate composition.
• the additional therapeutic agent may be administered prior to, at the same time as, or following administration of the compound, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt disclosed herein.
• the methods of modulating, e.g., inhibiting, SARM1 in a subject in need thereof comprise contacting the subject with a compound selected from Compounds 1 to 120 shown below, a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising any of the foregoing.
• the methods of inhibiting or preventing axonal degeneration or neuronal damage mediated by SARM1 in a subject in need thereof comprise contacting the subject with a compound selected from Compounds 1 to 120 shown below, a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising any of the foregoing.
• an additional pharmaceutical agent means a single or two or more additional pharmaceutical agents.
• alkyl refers to a hydrocarbon group selected from linear and branched saturated hydrocarbon groups, containing 1-20, e.g., 1-18, 1-12, 1-10, 1-8, 1-6, 1-4, or 1-3, carbon atoms.
• alkyl group examples include methyl, ethyl, 1-propyl or n-propyl ( “n-Pr” ) , 2-propyl or isopropyl ( “i-Pr” ) , 1-butyl or n-butyl ( “n-Bu” ) , 2-methyl-1-propyl or isobutyl ( “i-Bu” ) , 1-methylpropyl or s-butyl ( “s-Bu” ) , and 1, 1-dimethylethyl or t-butyl ( “t-Bu” ) .
• alkyl group examples include 1-pentyl, 2-pentyl, 3-pentyl, 2-methyl-2-butyl, 3-methyl-2-butyl, 3-methyl-1-butyl, 2-methyl-1-butyl, 1-hexyl, 2-hexyl, 3-hexyl, 2-methyl-2-pentyl, 3-methyl-2-pentyl, 4-methyl-2-pentyl, 3-methyl-3-pentyl, 2-methyl-3-pentyl, 2, 3-dimethyl-2-butyl, and 3, 3-dimethyl-2-butyl groups.
• Lower alkyl contains 1-8, preferably 1-6, more preferably 1-4 carbon atoms, and more preferably 1-3 carbon atoms.
• alkenyl group may be selected from ethenyl or vinyl, prop-1-enyl, prop-2-enyl, 2-methylprop-1-enyl, but-1-enyl, but-2-enyl, but-3-enyl, buta-1, 3-dienyl, 2-methylbuta-1, 3-diene, hex-1-enyl, hex-2-enyl, hex-3-enyl, hex-4-enyl, and hexa-1, 3-dienyl groups.
• Lower alkenyl contains 2-8, preferably 2-6, and more preferably 2-4 carbon atoms.
• alkynyl refers to a hydrocarbon group selected from linear and branched hydrocarbon groups, comprising at least one C ⁇ C triple bond and 2-20, e.g., 2-18, 2-12, 2-10, 2-8, 2-6, or 2-4, carbon atoms.
• alkynyl group include ethynyl, 1-propynyl, 2-propynyl (propargyl) , 1-butynyl, 2-butynyl, and 3-butynyl groups.
• Lower alkynyl contains 2-8, preferably 2-6, and more preferably 2-4 carbon atoms.
• heteroalkyl refers to an alkyl group, as defined herein, in which one or more of the constituent carbon atoms have been replaced by a heteroatom, e.g., nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, e.g., CH 3 CH 2 OH, CH 3 CH 2 OC 2 H 5 , CH 3 CH 2 SH, CH 3 CH 2 SC 2 H 5 , CH 3 CH 2 NH 2 , CH 3 CH 2 NHC 2 H 5 , etc.
• a heteroalkyl group is further optionally substituted as defined herein.
• cycloalkyl refers to a hydrocarbon group selected from saturated and partially unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbon groups, e.g., monocyclic and polycyclic (e.g., bicyclic and tricyclic) groups.
• the cycloalkyl group may be of 3-12, 3 to 10, or 3-8, or 3-6, or 3-4, or 5-6 carbon atoms.
• the cycloalkyl group may be a monocyclic group of 3-12, or 3-8, or 3-6, or 3-4, or 5-6 carbon atoms.
• Examples of the monocyclic cycloalkyl group include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, 1-cyclopent-1-enyl, 1-cyclopent-2-enyl, 1-cyclopent-3-enyl, cyclohexyl, 1-cyclohex-1-enyl, 1-cyclohex-2-enyl, 1-cyclohex-3-enyl, cyclohexadienyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclononyl, cyclodecyl, cycloundecyl, and cyclododecyl groups.
• bicyclic cycloalkyl groups include those having 7-12 ring atoms arranged as a bicycle ring selected from [4, 4] , [4, 5] , [5, 5] , [5, 6] and [6, 6] ring systems, or as a bridged bicyclic ring selected from bicyclo [2.2.1] heptane, bicyclo [2.2.2] octane, and bicyclo [3.2.2] nonane.
• the ring may be saturated or have at least one double bond (i.e., partially unsaturated) , but is not fully conjugated, and is not aromatic, as aromatic is defined herein.
• heterocyclic or “heterocycle” or “heterocyclyl” refers to a ring selected from 4-to 12-membered, e.g., 3-to 6-membered, 3-to 5-membered, 4-to 5-membered, or 5-to 6-membered, monocyclic, bicyclic, and tricyclic, saturated and partially unsaturated rings comprising at least one carbon atom in addition to 1, 2, 3, or 4 heteroatoms, selected from, e.g., oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, and silicon.
• Heterocycle also refers to a 5-to 7-membered heterocyclic ring comprising at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, and S fused with 5-, 6-, and/or 7-membered cycloalkyl, carbocyclic aromatic, or heteroaromatic ring, provided that the point of attachment is at the heterocyclic ring when the heterocyclic ring is fused with a carbocyclic aromatic or a heteroaromatic ring, and that the point of attachment can be at the cycloalkyl or heterocyclic ring when the heterocyclic ring is fused with cycloalkyl.
• Heterocycle also refers to an aliphatic spirocyclic ring comprising at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, and S, provided that the point of attachment is at the heterocyclic ring.
• the rings may be saturated or have at least one double bond (i.e., partially unsaturated) .
• a heterocycle may be substituted with oxo.
• the point of the attachment may be carbon or heteroatom in the heterocyclic ring.
• a heterocycle is not a heteroaryl as defined herein.
• heterocycles include, but are not limited to, (as numbered from the linkage position assigned priority 1) 1-pyrrolidinyl, 2-pyrrolidinyl, 2, 4-imidazolidinyl, 2, 3-pyrazolidinyl, 1-piperidinyl, 2-piperidinyl, 3-piperidinyl, 4-piperidinyl, 2, 5-piperazinyl, pyranyl, 2-morpholinyl, 3-morpholinyl, oxiranyl, aziridinyl, thiiranyl, azetidinyl, oxetanyl, thietanyl, 1, 2-dithietanyl, 1, 3-dithietanyl, dihydropyridinyl, tetrahydropyridinyl, thiomorpholinyl, thioxanyl, piperazinyl, homopiperazinyl, homopiperidinyl, azepanyl, oxepanyl, thiepanyl,
• Substituted heterocycle also includes ring systems substituted with one or more oxo moieties, such as piperidinyl N-oxide, morpholinyl-N-oxide, 1-oxo-1-thiomorpholinyl, and 1, 1-dioxo-1-thiomorpholinyl.
• oxo moieties such as piperidinyl N-oxide, morpholinyl-N-oxide, 1-oxo-1-thiomorpholinyl, and 1, 1-dioxo-1-thiomorpholinyl.
• fused ring refers to a polycyclic ring system, e.g., a bicyclic or tricyclic ring system, in which two rings share only two ring atoms and one bond in common.
• fused rings may comprise a fused bicyclic cycloalkyl ring such as those having from 7 to 12 ring atoms arranged as a bicyclic ring selected from [4, 4] , [4, 5] , [5, 5] , [5, 6] and [6, 6] ring systems as mentioned above; a fused bicyclic aryl ring such as 7 to 12 membered bicyclic aryl ring systems as mentioned above, a fused tricyclic aryl ring such as 10 to 15 membered tricyclic aryl ring systems mentioned above; a fused bicyclic heteroaryl ring such as 8-to 12-membered bicyclic heteroaryl rings as mentioned above, a fused tricyclic heteroaryl ring such as 11-to 14
• heteroatom means one or more of oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus, and silicon, including, any oxidized form of nitrogen or sulfur; the quaternized form of any basic nitrogen or a substitutable nitrogen of a heterocyclic ring, for example N (as in 3, 4-dihydro-2H-pyrrolyl) , NH (as in pyrrolidinyl) or NR + (wherein R is, e.g., an optionally substituted alkyl group) (as in N-substituted pyrrolidinyl) .
• unsaturated means that a moiety has one or more units or degrees of unsaturation. Unsaturation is the state in which not all of the available valence bonds in a compound are satisfied by substituents and thus the compound contains one or more double or triple bonds.
• alkoxy refers to an alkyl group, as defined above, wherein one carbon of the alkyl group is replaced by an oxygen atom, provided that the oxygen atom is linked between two carbon atoms.
• halogen includes F, C1, Br, and I, i.e., fluoro, chloro, bromo, and iodo, respectively.
• CN cyano
• nitrile nitrile
• an “aromatic ring” refers to a carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring that contains conjugated, planar ring systems with delocalized pi electron orbitals comprised of [4n+2] p orbital electrons, wherein n is an integer of 0 to 6.
• a “non-aromatic” ring refers to a carbocyclic or heterocyclic that does not meet the requirements set forth above for an aromatic ring, and can be either completely or partially saturated.
• Non-limiting examples of aromatic rings include aryl and heteroaryl rings that are further defined as follows.
• An “aromatic ring” may be depicted as a cycle with conjugated double bonds, such as or as a cycle with an inside circle such as
• aryl herein refers to a group selected from: monocyclic carbocyclic aromatic rings, for example, phenyl; bicyclic ring systems such as 7-12 membered, e.g., 9-10 membered, bicyclic ring systems wherein at least one ring is carbocyclic and aromatic, selected, for example, from naphthalene, indane, and 1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydroquinoline; and tricyclic ring systems such as 10-15 membered tricyclic ring systems wherein at least one ring is carbocyclic and aromatic, for example, fluorene.
• the aryl group may be a 6-membered carbocyclic aromatic ring fused to a 5-to 7-membered cycloalkyl or heterocyclic ring optionally comprising at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, and S, provided that the point of attachment is at the carbocyclic aromatic ring when the carbocyclic aromatic ring is fused with a heterocyclic ring, and the point of attachment can be at the carbocyclic aromatic ring or at the cycloalkyl group when the carbocyclic aromatic ring is fused with a cycloalkyl group.
• Bivalent radicals formed from substituted benzene derivatives and having the free valences at ring atoms are named as substituted phenylene radicals.
• Bivalent radicals derived from univalent polycyclic hydrocarbon radicals whose names end in "-yl” by removal of one hydrogen atom from the carbon atom with the free valence are named by adding "-idene” to the name of the corresponding univalent radical, e.g., a naphthyl group with two points of attachment is termed naphthylidene.
• heteroaryl refers to a group selected from: 5-to 7-membered, e.g., 5- to 6-membered, aromatic, monocyclic rings comprising 1, 2, 3, or 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S, with the remaining ring atoms being carbon; 8-to 12-membered bicyclic rings comprising 1, 2, 3, or 4 heteroatoms, selected from N, O, and S, with the remaining ring atoms being carbon and wherein at least one ring is aromatic and at least one heteroatom is present in the aromatic ring; and 11-to 14-membered tricyclic rings comprising 1, 2, 3, or 4 heteroatoms, selected from N, O, and S, with the remaining ring atoms being carbon and wherein at least one ring is aromatic and at least one heteroatom is present in an aromatic ring.
• the heteroaryl group may be a 5-to 7-membered heterocyclic aromatic ring fused to a 5-to 7-membered cycloalkyl ring.
• the point of attachment may be at the heteroaromatic ring or at the cycloalkyl ring.
• the total number of S and O atoms in the heteroaryl group exceeds 1, those heteroatoms are not adjacent to one another. In some embodiments, the total number of S and O atoms in the heteroaryl group is not more than 2. In some embodiments, the total number of S and O atoms in the aromatic heterocycle is not more than 1.
• heteroaryl group examples include, but are not limited to, (as numbered from the linkage position assigned priority 1) pyridyl (such as 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, or 4-pyridyl) , cinnolinyl, pyrazinyl, 2, 4-pyrimidinyl, 3, 5-pyrimidinyl, 2, 4-imidazolyl, imidazopyridinyl, isoxazolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, tetrazolyl, thienyl, triazinyl, benzothienyl, furyl, benzofuryl, benzoimidazolyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, indolinyl, phthalazinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrrolyl, triazolyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl,
• acyl refers to a substituent group where a point of attachment in the substituent group is a carbonyl.
• the compounds, tautomers, solvates, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the disclosure may contain an asymmetric center and may thus exist as enantiomers.
• the compounds possess two or more asymmetric centers they may additionally exist as diastereoisomers.
• Enantiomers and diastereoisomers fall within the broader class of stereoisomers. All such possible stereoisomers as substantially pure resolved enantiomers, racemic mixtures thereof, as well as mixtures of diastereoisomers are intended to be included in this disclosure. All stereoisomers of the compounds, tautomers, solvates, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof are intended to be included. Unless specifically mentioned otherwise, reference to one isomer applies to any of the possible isomers. Whenever the isomeric composition is unspecified, all possible isomers are included.
• Diastereomeric mixtures can be separated into their individual diastereoisomers on the basis of their physical chemical differences by methods well known to those skilled in the art, such as by chromatography and/or fractional crystallization.
• Enantiomers can be separated by converting the enantiomeric mixture into a diastereomeric mixture by reaction with an appropriate optically active compound (e.g., chiral auxiliary such as a chiral alcohol or Mosher's acid chloride) , separating the diastereoisomers and converting (e.g., hydrolyzing) the individual diastereoisomers to the corresponding pure enantiomers.
• an appropriate optically active compound e.g., chiral auxiliary such as a chiral alcohol or Mosher's acid chloride
• Enantiomers can also be separated by use of a chiral HPLC column.
• a single stereoisomer e.g., a substantially pure enantiomer
• a method such as formation of diastereoisomers using optically active resolving agents.
• Racemic mixtures of chiral compounds of the disclosure can be separated and isolated by any suitable method, including: (1) formation of ionic, diastereomeric salts with chiral compounds and separation by fractional crystallization or other methods, (2) formation of diastereomeric compounds with chiral derivatizing reagents, separation of the diastereoisomers, and conversion to the pure stereoisomers, and (3) separation of the substantially pure or enriched stereoisomers directly under chiral conditions.
• the term “substantially pure” in the context of stereoisomers means that the target stereoisomer contains no more than 35%, such as no more than 30%, further such as no more than 25%, even further such as no more than 20%, by weight of any other stereoisomer (s) .
• the term “substantially pure” means that the target stereoisomer contains no more than 10%, for example, no more than 5%, such as no more than 1%, by weight of any other stereoisomer (s) .
• structures depicted herein are meant to include all isomeric forms of the structure, e.g., racemic mixtures, cis/trans isomers, geometric (or conformational) isomers, such as (Z) and (E) double bond isomers, and (Z) and (E) conformational isomers. Therefore, geometric and conformational mixtures of the compounds disclosed herein are within the scope of the disclosure. Unless otherwise stated, all tautomeric forms of the compounds of the disclosure are within the scope of the disclosure.
• a salt of a compound is formed between an acid and a basic group of the compound, such as an amino functional group, or a base and an acidic group of the compound, such as a carboxyl functional group.
• pharmaceutically acceptable refers to a component that is, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of humans and other mammals without undue toxicity, irritation, allergic response and the like, and are commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio.
• pharmaceutically acceptable salt means any non-toxic salt that, upon administration to a recipient, is capable of providing, either directly or indirectly, a compound of this disclosure.
• “Pharmaceutically acceptable salts” include, but are not limited to salts with inorganic acids, selected, for example, from hydrochlorates, phosphates, diphosphates, hydrobromates, sulfates, sulfinates, and nitrates; as well as salts with organic acids, selected, for example, from malates, maleates, fumarates, tartrates, succinates, citrates, lactates, methanesulfonates, p-toluenesulfonates, 2-hydroxyethylsulfonates, benzoates, salicylates, stearates, alkanoates such as acetate, and salts with HOOC- (CH 2 ) n-COOH, wherein n is selected from 0 to 4.
• examples of pharmaceutically acceptable cations include, but are not limited to, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, aluminum, lithium, and ammonium.
• Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable salts are, for example, those disclosed in S. M. Berge, et al. J. Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1977, 66, pp. 1 to 19.
• Acids commonly employed to form pharmaceutically acceptable salts include inorganic acids such as hydrogen bisulfide, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid, as well as organic acids such as para-toluenesulfonic acid, salicylic acid, tartaric acid, bitartaric acid, ascorbic acid, maleic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, fumaric acid, gluconic acid, glucuronic acid, formic acid, glutamic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, lactic acid, oxalic acid, para-bromophenylsulfonic acid, carbonic acid, succinic acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, and acetic acid.
• inorganic acids such as hydrogen bisulfide, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid
• organic acids such as
• Such pharmaceutically acceptable salts thus include sulfate, pyrosulfate, bisulfate, sulfite, bisulfite, phosphate, monohydrogenphosphate, dihydrogenphosphate, metaphosphate, pyrophosphate, chloride, bromide, iodide, acetate, propionate, decanoate (i.e., caprate) , caprylate, acrylate, formate, isobutyrate, heptanoate, propiolate, oxalate, malonate, succinate, suberate, sebacate, fumarate, maleate, butyne-1, 4-dioate, hexyne-1, 6-dioate, benzoate, chlorobenzoate, methylbenzoate, dinitrobenzoate, hydroxybenzoate, methoxybenzoate, phthalate, terephthalate, sulfonate, xylene sulfonate, phenylacetate, phen
• Pharmaceutically acceptable salts derived from appropriate bases include alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium, and N + (C 1-4 alkyl) 4 salts. This disclosure also envisions the quaternization of any basic nitrogen-containing groups of the compounds disclosed herein. Suitable non-limiting examples of alkali and alkaline earth metal salts include sodium, lithium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium salts. Further non-limiting examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salts include salts of ammonium, quaternary ammonium, and amine cations formed using counterions such as halide, hydroxide, carboxylate, sulfate, phosphate, nitrate, lower alkyl sulfonate and aryl sulfonate. Other suitable, non-limiting examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salts include besylate and glucosamine salts.
• the free base can be obtained by basifying a solution of the acid addition salt.
• an addition salt such as a pharmaceutically acceptable addition salt, may be produced by dissolving the free base in a suitable organic solvent and treating the solution with an acid, in accordance with conventional procedures for preparing acid addition salts from base compounds.
• the compounds, tautomers, solvates, stereoisomers, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the disclosure may also contain unnatural proportions of atomic isotopes at one or more of the atoms that constitute such compounds.
• -CD 3 , -CD 2 H or -CDH 2 contains one or more deuteriums in place of hydrogen.
• the compounds may be radiolabeled with radioactive isotopes, such as for example tritium ( 3 H) , iodine-125 ( 125 I) or carbon-14 ( 14 C) . All isotopic variations of the compounds of the disclosure, whether radioactive or not, are intended to be encompassed within the scope of the disclosure.
• substituted is interchangeable with the phrase “substituted or unsubstituted. ”
• substituted refers to the replacement of a hydrogen radical in a given structure with the radical of a specified substituent.
• an “optionally substituted” group may have a substituent at each substitutable position of the group, and when more than one position in any given structure may be substituted with more than one substituent chosen from a specified group, the substituent may be either the same or different at every position. Combinations of substituents envisioned by this disclosure are those that result in the formation of stable or chemically feasible compounds.
• substituents are independently selected from optionally substituted heteroatom and optionally substituted, optionally hetero-, optionally cyclic C 1 -C 18 hydrocarbyl, particularly wherein the optionally substituted, optionally hetero-, optionally cyclic C 1 -C 18 hydrocarbyl is optionally-substituted, optionally hetero-, optionally cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl, or optionally-substituted, optionally hetero-, aryl; and/or the optionally substituted heteroatom is halogen, optionally substituted hydroxyl (such as alkoxy, aryloxy) , optionally substituted acyl (such as formyl, alkanoyl, carbamoyl, carboxyl, amido) , optionally substituted amino (such as amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, amido, sulfamidyl) , optionally substituted thiol (such as mercapto, alkylthi
• R′, R" and R′′′ each independently refer to hydrogen, unsubstituted C 1 -C 8 alkyl and heteroalkyl, C 1 -C 8 alkyl and heteroalkyl substituted with one to three halogens, unsubstituted aryl, aryl substituted with one to three halogens, unsubstituted alkyl, alkoxy, or thioalkoxy groups, or aryl- (C 1 -C 4 ) alkyl groups.
• R′ and R" When R′ and R" are attached to the same nitrogen atom, they can be combined with the nitrogen atom to form a 5-, 6-or 7-membered ring.
• -NR′R" includes 1-pyrrolidinyl and 4-morpholinyl.
• the aryl group When the aryl group is 1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydronaphthalenyl, it may be substituted with a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 7 spirocycloalkyl group.
• the C 3 -C 7 spirocycloalkyl group may be substituted in the same manner as defined herein for “cycloalkyl. "
• substituents are independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted heteroatom, substituted or unsubstituted, 0-3 heteroatom-containing C 1 -C 6 alkyl (e.g., C 1 -C 3 alkyl or C 1 -C 2 alkyl) , substituted or unsubstituted, 0-3 heteroatom-containing C 2 -C 6 alkenyl (e.g., C 2 -C 4 alkenyl) , substituted or unsubstituted, 0-3 heteroatom-containing C 2 -C 6 alkynyl (e.g., C 2 -C 4 alkynyl) , or substituted or unsubstituted, 0-3 heteroatom-containing C 6 -C 14 aryl (e.g., C 5 -C 6 aryl) , wherein each heteroatom is independently oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur, or nitrogen.
• C 1 -C 6 alkyl e.g., C 1 -C 3 al
• substituents are independently selected from aldehyde, aldimine, alkanoyloxy, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyloxy, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, amine, azo, halogen, carbamoyl, carbonyl, carboxamido, carboxyl, cyanyl, ester, haloformyl, hydroperoxyl, hydroxyl, imine, isocyanide, iscyante, N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, nitrate, nitrile, nitrite, nitro, nitroso, phosphate, phosphono, sulfide, sulfonyl, sulfo, sulfhydryl, thiol, thiocyanyl, trifluoromethyl, and trifluromethyl ether (OCF 3 ) groups.
• substituents are disclosed herein and exemplified in the tables, structures, examples, and claims, and may be applied across different compounds of this disclosure.
• substituents of a given compound may be combinatorically used with other compounds.
• reaction products from one another and/or from starting materials.
• the desired products of each step or series of steps are separated and/or purified (hereinafter separated) to the desired degree of homogeneity by the techniques common in the art.
• separations involve multiphase extraction, crystallization from a solvent or solvent mixture, distillation, sublimation, or chromatography.
• Chromatography can involve any number of methods including, for example, reverse-phase and normal phase; size exclusion; ion exchange; high, medium and low pressure liquid chromatography methods and apparatus; small scale analytical; simulated moving bed ( "SMB” ) and preparative thin or thick layer chromatography, as well as techniques of small scale thin layer and flash chromatography.
• SMB simulated moving bed
• preparative thin or thick layer chromatography as well as techniques of small scale thin layer and flash chromatography.
• One skilled in the art may apply such techniques to achieve a desired separation.
• Non-limiting examples of suitable solvents include water, methanol (MeOH) , ethanol (EtOH) , dichloromethane or methylene chloride (CH 2 Cl 2 ) , toluene, acetonitrile (MeCN) , dimethylformamide (DMF) , dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) , methyl acetate (MeOAc) , ethyl acetate (EtOAc) , heptanes, isopropyl acetate (IPAc) , tert-butyl acetate (t-BuOAc) , isopropyl alcohol (IPA) , tetrahydrofuran (THF) , 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran (2-Me THF) , methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) , tert-butanol, diethyl ether (Et 2 O) , methyl-tert
• Non-limiting examples of suitable bases include 1, 8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene (DBU) , potassium tert-butoxide (KOtBu) , potassium carbonate (K 2 CO 3 ) , N-methylmorpholine (NMM) , triethylamine (Et 3 N; TEA) , diisopropyl-ethyl amine (i-Pr 2 EtN; DIPEA) , pyridine, potassium hydroxide (KOH) , sodium hydroxide (NaOH) , lithium hydroxide (LiOH) , and sodium methoxide (NaOMe; NaOCH 3 ) .
• DBU 1, 8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene
• KtBu potassium tert-butoxide
• K 2 CO 3 N-methylmorpholine
• NMM N-methylmorpholine
• TEA triethylamine
• i-Pr 2 EtN di
• subject refers to an animal including a human.
• terapéuticaally effective amount refers to the amount of a compound that produces a desired effect for which it is administered (e.g., improvement in a disease or condition, lessening the severity of a disease or condition, and/or reducing progression of a disease or condition, e.g., ALS, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, diabetic neuropathy, and CIPN.
• the disease or condition may be caused by axonal degeneration.
• the exact amount of a therapeutically effective amount will depend on the purpose of the treatment and will be ascertainable by one skilled in the art using known techniques (see, e.g., Lloyd (1999) , The Art, Science and Technology of Pharmaceutical Compounding) .
• treatment and its cognates refer to slowing or stopping disease progression.
• Treatment and its cognates as used herein include, but are not limited to the following: complete or partial remission, curing a disease or condition or a symptom thereof, lower risk of a disease or condition, e.g., ALS, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, diabetic neuropathy, and CIPN.
• the disease or condition may be caused by axonal degeneration. Improvements in or lessening the severity of any of these symptoms can be assessed according to methods and techniques known in the art.
• a compound of this disclosure is a compound of the following structural Formula I:
• X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , and X 4 in Ring A is N, and the rest of X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , and X 4 are C;
• Ring B is phenyl or one or two of Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 , and Y 4 in Ring B is N, and the rest of Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 , and Y 4 are C;
• R a is selected from H, -OR s , halogen, -NR p R q , C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, CN, and C 1 -C 6 alkyl wherein the C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl and C 1 -C 6 alkyl of R a are optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from halogen, -OR s and -NR p R q ,
• R b and R c may join together to form an optionally substituted 5-to 7-membered heterocyclic or heteroaromatic ring;
• R b and R d may join together to form an optionally substituted 5-to 7-membered heterocyclic or heteroaromatic ring;
• R e is selected from H, halogen, -CN, C 1 -C 6 alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from halogen, -OR s and -NR p1 R q1 ;
• R s for each occurrence, is independently selected from H, phenyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl and C 1 -C 6 alkyl, wherein the phenyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, and C 1 -C 6 alkyl of R s are each optionally substituted with 1-3 groups selected from halogen, -OH and -O (C 1 -C 3 alkyl) ;
• R p and R q are independently selected from hydrogen, phenyl, 9-10 membered aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, and C 1 -C 4 alkyl, wherein the phenyl, 9-10 membered aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, and C 1 -C 4 alkyl of R p and R q are each optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from -COO (C 1 -C 4 alkyl) , halogen, -OH, -CN, -COOH, -CONH 2 , -CONH (C 1 -C 3 alkyl) , -NH (C 1 -C 3 alkyl) , -O (C 1 -C 3 alkyl) , and C 1 -C 4 alkyl;
• R p1 and R q1 are independently selected from hydrogen, -CO (C 1 -C 6 alkyl) , -SO 2 CH 3 , C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, and C 1 -C 6 alkyl, wherein the C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl and C 1 -C 6 alkyl of R p1 and R q1 are each optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogens;
• n is an integer independently selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3;
• n is an integer independently selected from 0, 1, and 2;
• w is an integer selected from 1 and 2.
• Ring A is a pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, or pyridazinyl group; all other variables not specifically defined herein are as defined in any one of the preceding embodiments.
• Ring B is a phenyl, or a pyridinyl group wherein one of Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 , and Y 4 is N, and the rest of Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 , and Y 4 are C; all other variables not specifically defined herein are as defined in any one of the preceding embodiments.
• a compound of the disclosure is a compound of the following structural Formula IIa:
• a compound of the disclosure is a compound of the following structural Formula IIb:
• a compound of the disclosure is a compound of the following structural Formula IIc:
• a compound of the disclosure is a compound of the following structural Formula IId:
• a compound of the disclosure is a compound of the following structural Formula IIIa:
• a compound of the disclosure is a compound of the following structural Formula IIIb:
• a compound of the disclosure is a compound of the following structural Formula IIIc:
• a compound of the disclosure is a compound of the following structural Formula IIId:
• a compound of the disclosure is a compound of the following structural Formula IIIe:
• a compound of the disclosure is a compound of the following structural Formula IIIf:
• W 1 and W 2 are each independently selected from NH and O; and wherein
• R c’ is selected from H, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, and C 1 -C 6 alkyl, wherein the C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl and C 1 -C 6 alkyl of R c’ are each optionally substituted with 1-3 groups selected from halogen, -OH and -O (C 1 -C 3 alkyl) ;
• R c’ is selected from hydrogen, -CO (C 1 -C 6 alkyl) , -SO 2 CH 3 , C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, and C 1 -C 6 alkyl, wherein the C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl and C 1 -C 6 alkyl of R c’ are each optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogens;
• R b’ is selected from H, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl and C 1 -C 6 alkyl, wherein the C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl and C 1 -C 6 alkyl of R s are each optionally substituted with 1-3 groups selected from halogen, -OH and -O (C 1 -C 3 alkyl) ;
• R b’ is selected from hydrogen, -CO (C 1 -C 6 alkyl, -SO 2 CH 3 , C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, and C 1 -C 6 alkyl, wherein the C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl and C 1 -C 6 alkyl of R b’ are each optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogens;
• a compound of the disclosure is a compound of the following structural Formula IVa:
• a compound of the disclosure is a compound of the following structural Formula IVb:
• a compound of the disclosure is a compound of the following structural Formula IVc:
• a compound of the disclosure is a compound of the following structural Formula IVd:
• a compound of the disclosure is a compound of the following structural Formula Va:
• a compound of the disclosure is a compound of the following structural Formula VIa:
• a compound of the disclosure is a compound of the following structural Formula VIb:
• a compound of the disclosure is a compound of the following structural Formula VIc:
• R b is -OR s ; and R c is selected from halogen, -OR s , and C 1 -C 3 alkyl; and all other variables not specifically defined herein are as defined in any one of the preceding embodiments.
• a compound of the disclosure is a compound of the following structural Formula VId:
• a compound of the disclosure is a compound of the following structural Formula VIe:
• R c and R d are each independently selected from -OR s and halogen; and all other variables not specifically defined herein are as defined in any one of the preceding embodiments.
• a compound of the disclosure is a compound of the following structural Formula VIf:
• a compound of the disclosure is a compound of the following structural Formula VIIa:
• R a is selected from H, -OR s , halogen, -NR p R q , C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, CN, and C 1 -C 6 alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from halogen, -OR s and -NR p R q , wherein R p and R q , for each occurrence, are independently selected from hydrogen, C 1 -C 3 alkyl, phenyl, 9-10 membered aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, wherein the phenyl, 9-10 membered aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl of R p and R q are optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from -COO (C 1 -C 4 alkyl) , halogen, OH,
• a compound of the disclosure is a compound of the following structural Formula VIIb:
• R a is selected from H, -OR s , halogen, -NR p R q , C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, CN, and C 1 -C 6 alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from halogen, -OR s and -NR p R q , wherein R p and R q , for each occurrence, are independently selected from hydrogen, C 1 -C 3 alkyl, phenyl, 9-10 membered aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, wherein the phenyl, 9-10 membered aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl of R p and R q are optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from -COO (C 1 -C 4 alkyl) , halogen, OH,
• a compound of the disclosure is a compound of the following structural Formula VIIc:
• R a is selected from H, -OR s , halogen, -NR p R q , C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, CN, and C 1 -C 6 alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from halogen, -OR s and -NR p R q , wherein R p and R q , for each occurrence, are independently selected from hydrogen, C 1 -C 3 alkyl, phenyl, 9-10 membered aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, wherein the phenyl, 9-10 membered aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl of R p and R q are optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from -COO (C 1 -C 4 alkyl) , halogen, OH,
• a compound of the disclosure is a compound of the following structural Formula VIIc:
• R a is selected from H, -OR s , halogen, -NR p R q , C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, CN, and C 1 -C 6 alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from halogen, -OR s and -NR p R q , wherein R p and R q , for each occurrence, are independently selected from hydrogen, C 1 -C 3 alkyl, phenyl, 9-10 membered aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, wherein the phenyl, 9-10 membered aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl of R p and R q are optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from -COO (C 1 -C 4 alkyl) , halogen, OH,
• a compound of the disclosure is a compound of the following structural Formula VIIe:
• a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing wherein H, -OR s , halogen, -NR p R q , C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, CN, and C 1 -C 6 alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from halogen, -OR s and -NR p R q , wherein R p and R q , for each occurrence, are independently selected from hydrogen, C 1 -C 3 alkyl, phenyl, 9-10 membered aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, wherein the phenyl, 9-10 membered aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl of R p and R q are optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from -COO (C 1 -C 4 alkyl) , halogen, OH, -CN, -CO
• R a is selected from H, -OR s , halogen, -NR p R q , C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, CN, and C 1 -C 6 alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from halogen, -OR s , and -NR p R q , wherein R s , for each occurrence, is independently selected from H, phenyl, -CFH 2 , -CF 2 H, -CF 3 and C 1 -C 3 alkyl, and R p and R q , for each occurrence, are independently selected from hydrogen, C 1 -C 3 alkyl, phenyl, 9-10 membered aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, wherein the phenyl, 9-10 membered
• R a is selected from H, -CH 3 , -CH 2 CH 3 , -OCFH 2 , -OCF 2 H, -OCF 3 , -OCH 3 , CN, C1, OH, NH 2 , -NHCH 3 , and and all other variables not specifically defined herein are as defined in any one of the preceding embodiments.
• R e is selected from H, halogen, and C 1 -C 3 alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from halogen and -NH 2 ; all other variables not specifically defined herein are as defined in any one of the preceding embodiments.
• R e is selected from H, methyl, F, and Cl; all other variables not specifically defined herein are as defined in any one of the preceding embodiments.
• a compound of the disclosure is a compound of the following structural Formula VIIa:
• R g for each occurrence, is selected from C 1 -C 3 alkyl, CN, OH, -O (C 1 -C 3 alkyl) , -NH (C 1 -C 3 alkyl) , halogen, q is an integer selected from 0, 1, and 2;
• Z 1 and Z 2 are each independently selected from O, NH, S, and CH 2 wherein at least one of Z 2 and Z 3 is a heteroatom;
• D is selected from O and S; one or two of X 1 and X 2 are N;
• U is C or N; W 3 is O or NH.
• the at least one compound of the disclosure is selected from Compounds 1 to 120 depicted in Table 1, a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing.
• compositions comprising at least one compound selected from a compound of the Formulae disclosed herein, Compounds 1 to 120, a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is selected from pharmaceutically acceptable vehicles and pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvants. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is chosen from pharmaceutically acceptable fillers, disintegrants, surfactants, binders, and lubricants.
• a pharmaceutical composition of this disclosure can be employed in combination therapies; that is, the pharmaceutical compositions described herein can further include an additional active pharmaceutical agent.
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound selected from a compound of the Formulae disclosed herein, Compounds 1 to 120, a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing can be administered as a separate composition concurrently with, prior to, or subsequent to, a composition comprising an additional active pharmaceutical agent.
• the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier may be chosen from adjuvants and vehicles.
• the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier can be chosen, for example, from any and all solvents, diluents, other liquid vehicles, dispersion aids, suspension aids, surface active agents, isotonic agents, thickening agents, emulsifying agents, preservatives, solid binders, and lubricants, which are suited to the particular dosage form desired.
• Remington The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 21st edition, 2005, ed. D. B. Troy, Lippincott Williams &Wilkins, Philadelphia, and Encyclopedia of Pharmaceutical Technology, eds. J. Swarbrick and J.C.
• Non-limiting examples of suitable pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include ion exchangers, alumina, aluminum stearate, lecithin, serum proteins (such as human serum albumin) , buffer substances (such as phosphates, glycine, sorbic acid, and potassium sorbate) , partial glyceride mixtures of saturated vegetable fatty acids, water, salts, and electrolytes (such as protamine sulfate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, and zinc salts) , colloidal silica, magnesium trisilicate, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyacrylates, waxes, polyethylene-polyoxypropylene-block polymers, wool fat, sugars (such as lactose, glucose and sucrose) , starches (such as corn starch and potato starch) , cellulose and its derivatives (such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose and cellulose acetate) , powdered tragacanth
• a compound selected from a compound of the Formulae disclosed herein, Compounds 1 to 120, a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing, or a pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein can be administered orally in solid dosage forms, such as capsules, tablets, troches, dragées, granules and powders, or in liquid dosage forms, such as elixirs, syrups, emulsions, dispersions, and suspensions.
• the compound, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt described herein can also be administered parenterally, in sterile liquid dosage forms, such as dispersions, suspensions or solutions.
• dosages forms that can also be used to administer the compound, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt described herein as an ointment, cream, drops, transdermal patch or powder for topical administration, as an ophthalmic solution or suspension formation, e.g., eye drops, for ocular administration, as an aerosol spray or powder composition for inhalation or intranasal administration, or as a cream, ointment, spray or suppository for rectal or vaginal administration.
• Liquid dosage forms for oral administration can further comprise at least one agent selected from coloring and flavoring agents to increase patient acceptance.
• parenteral solutions can comprise a water-soluble salt of the at least one compound describe herein, at least one suitable stabilizing agent, and if necessary, at least one buffer substance.
• Antioxidizing agents such as sodium bisulfite, sodium sulfite, or ascorbic acid, either alone or combined, can be examples of suitable stabilizing agents.
• Citric acid and its salts and sodium EDTA can also be used as examples of suitable stabilizing agents.
• parenteral solutions can further comprise at least one preservative, selected, for example, from benzalkonium chloride, methyl-and propylparaben, and chlorobutanol.
• a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is, for example, selected from carriers that are compatible with active ingredients of the composition (and in some embodiments, capable of stabilizing the active ingredients) and not deleterious to the subject to be treated.
• solubilizing agents such as cyclodextrins (which can form specific, more soluble complexes with the at least one compound and/or at least one pharmaceutically acceptable salt disclosed herein)
• examples of other carriers include colloidal silicon dioxide, magnesium stearate, cellulose, sodium lauryl sulfate, and pigments such as D&C Yellow # 10. Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable carriers are described in Remington′s Pharmaceutical Sciences, A. Osol.
• the compound, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt described herein may be conveniently delivered in the form of an aerosol spray presentation from pressurized packs or nebulisers.
• the compound, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt described herein may also be delivered as powders, which may be formulated, and the powder composition may be inhaled with the aid of an insufflation powder inhaler device.
• One exemplary delivery system for inhalation can be metered dose inhalation (MDI) aerosol, which may be formulated as a suspension or solution of a compound, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt described herein in at least one suitable propellant, selected, for example, from fluorocarbons and hydrocarbons.
• MDI metered dose inhalation
• an ophthalmic preparation may be formulated with an appropriate weight percentage of a solution or suspension of the compound, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt described herein in an appropriate ophthalmic vehicle, such that the compound, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt described herein is maintained in contact with the ocular surface for a sufficient time period to allow the compound to penetrate the corneal and internal regions of the eye.
• Useful pharmaceutical dosage-forms for administration of the compound, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt described herein include, but are not limited to, hard and soft gelatin capsules, tablets, parenteral injectables, and oral suspensions.
• the pharmaceutical compositions disclosed herein may be in the form of controlled release or sustained release compositions as known in the art.
• unit dosage forms refers to physically discrete units suitable as unitary dosages for human subjects and other mammals, each unit containing a predetermined quantity of active material calculated to produce the desired therapeutic effect, in association with a suitable pharmaceutical excipient.
• Typical unit dosage forms include prefilled, premeasured ampules or syringes of the liquid compositions or pills, tablets, capsules, lozenges or the like in the case of solid compositions.
• the active material is usually a component ranging from about 0.1 to about 50%by weight or preferably from about 1 to about 40%by weight with the remainder being various vehicles or carriers and processing aids helpful for forming the desired dosing form.
• Unit dosage formulations are preferably about of 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 250, 500, or 1,000 mg per unit.
• unit dosage forms are packaged in a multipack adapted for sequential use, such as blisterpack comprising sheets of at least 6, 9 or 12 unit dosage forms.
• unit capsules can be prepared by filling standard two-piece hard gelatin capsules each with, for example, 100 milligrams of the compound, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt described herein in powder, 150 milligrams of lactose, 50 milligrams of cellulose, and 6 milligrams magnesium stearate.
• a mixture of the compound, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt described herein and a digestible oil such as soybean oil, cottonseed oil or olive oil can be prepared and injected by means of a positive displacement pump into gelatin to form soft gelatin capsules containing 100 milligrams of the active ingredient. The capsules are washed and dried.
• tablets can be prepared by conventional procedures so that the dosage unit comprises, for example, 100 milligrams of the compound, stereoisomers thereof, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, 0.2 milligrams of colloidal silicon dioxide, 5 milligrams of magnesium stearate, 275 milligrams of microcrystalline cellulose, 11 milligrams of starch and 98.8 milligrams of lactose. Appropriate coatings may be applied to increase palatability or delay absorption.
• a parenteral composition suitable for administration by injection can be prepared by stirring 1.5%by weight of the compound and/or at least an enantiomer, a diastereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof disclosed herein in 10%by volume propylene glycol. The solution is made to the expected volume with water for injection and sterilized.
• an aqueous suspension can be prepared for oral administration.
• an aqueous suspension comprising 100 milligrams of finely divided compound, stereoisomers thereof, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, 100 milligrams of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 5 milligrams of sodium benzoate, 1.0 grams of sorbitol solution, U.S.P., and 0.025 milliliters of vanillin can be used.
• the same dosage forms can generally be used when the compound, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt described herein is administered stepwise or in conjunction with at least one other therapeutic agent.
• the dosage form and administration route should be selected depending on the compatibility of the combined drugs.
• coadministration is understood to include the administration of at least two agents concomitantly or sequentially, or alternatively as a fixed dose combination of the at least two active components.
• the compound, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt disclosed herein can be administered as the sole active ingredient or in combination with at least one second active ingredient.
• the compound, tautomer, solvate, or stereoisomer described herein may be used per se, or in the form of their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, such as hydrochlorides, hydrobromides, acetates, sulfates, citrates, carbonates, trifluoroacetates and the like.
• salts can be obtained by addition of the desired base, either neat or in a suitable inert solvent.
• pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salts include sodium, potassium, calcium, ammonium, organic amino, or magnesium salts, or the like.
• salts can be obtained by addition of the desired acid, either neat or in a suitable inert solvent.
• pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts include those derived from inorganic acids like hydrochloric, hydrobromic, nitric, carbonic, monohydrogencarbonic, phosphoric, monohydrogenphosphoric, dihydrogenphosphoric, sulfuric, monohydrogensulfuric, hydriodic, or phosphorous acids and the like, as well as the salts derived from relatively nontoxic organic acids like acetic, propionic, isobutyric, maleic, malonic, benzoic, succinic, suberic, fumaric, lactic, mandelic, phthalic, benzenesulfonic, p-tolylsulfonic, citric, tartaric, methanesulfonic, and the like.
• salts of amino acids such as arginate and the like
• salts of organic acids like glucuronic or galacturonic acids and the like (see, for example, Berge et al., “Pharmaceutical Salts, ” Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, 1977, 66, 1-19) .
• Neutral forms of the pharmaceutically acceptable salt described herein may be regenerated by contacting the salt with a base or acid, and isolating the parent compound in the conventional manner.
• prodrugs of the compound, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt described herein that readily undergo chemical changes under physiological conditions to provide the compound, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the present disclosure. Additionally, prodrugs can be converted to the compound, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the present disclosure by chemical or biochemical methods in an ex vivo environment. For example, prodrugs can be slowly converted to the compound, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the present disclosure when placed in a transdermal patch reservoir with a suitable enzyme or chemical reagent.
• Prodrugs are often useful because, in some situations, they may be easier to administer than the parent drug. They may, for instance, be more bioavailable by oral administration than the parent drug.
• the prodrug may also have improved solubility in pharmacological compositions over the parent drug.
• a wide variety of prodrug derivatives are known in the art, such as those that rely on hydrolytic cleavage or oxidative activation of the prodrug.
• An example, without limitation, of a prodrug would be a compound of the present disclosure which is administered as an ester (the "prodrug” ) , but then is metabolically hydrolyzed to the carboxylic acid, i.e., the active entity.
• Certain compound, tautomer, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the disclosure can exist in unsolvated forms as well as solvated forms, including hydrate forms. Certain compound, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the disclosure may exist in multiple crystalline or amorphous forms.
• Certain compound, tautomer, solvate, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt in this disclosure possesses asymmetric carbon atoms (optical centers) or double bonds; the racemates, enantiomers, diastereoisomers, geometric isomers and individual isomers are all intended to be encompassed within the scope of the present disclosure.
• Another aspect of the disclosure provides a method of treating a disease or condition, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof, a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formulae disclosed herein, a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising any of the foregoing, wherein the disease or condition includes, but is not limited to, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) , Parkinson's disease, Parkinsonian syndromes, ischemia, stroke, herpes infection, a demyelinating disease such as multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, sepsis, a chronic disease of PNS comprises inherited neuropathies, such as, but is not limited to Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) , an optic nerve disorder such as glaucoma, and retinal ganglion degeneration, colitis, a metabolic disease
• a compound, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt as described herein including a compound of the Formulae disclosed herein, Compounds 1 to 120, a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof, for use as a medicament.
• a compound, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt as described herein including a compound of the Formulae disclosed herein, Compounds 1 to 120, a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof, for the manufacture of a medicament for treating a disease or condition includes, but is not limited to, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) , Parkinson's disease, Parkinsonian syndromes, ischemia, stroke, herpes infection, a demyelinating disease such as multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, sepsis, a chronic disease of PNS comprises inherited neuropathies, such as, but is not limited to Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) , an optic nerve disorder such as glaucoma, and retinal ganghosis, or a compound of the Formula
• a compound, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt as described herein, including a compound of the Formulae disclosed herein, Compounds 1 to 120, a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof is for use in treating a disease or condition includes, but is not limited to, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) , Parkinson's disease, Parkinsonian syndromes, ischemia, stroke, herpes infection, a demyelinating disease such as multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, sepsis, a chronic disease of PNS comprises inherited neuropathies, such as, but is not limited to Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) , an optic nerve disorder such as glaucoma, and retinal ganglion degeneration, co
• ALS amyotrophic
• Another aspect of the disclosure provides a method of inhibiting or preventing axonal degeneration, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof, a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formulae disclosed herein, a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising any of the foregoing.
• a compound, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt as described herein including a compound of the Formulae disclosed herein, Compounds 1 to 120, a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof, for the manufacture of a medicament for inhibiting or preventing axonal degeneration or neuronal cells damage.
• a compound, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt as described herein, including a compound of the Formulae disclosed herein, Compounds 1 to 120, a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof, is for use in inhibiting or preventing axonal degeneration or neuronal cells damage.
• Another aspect of the disclosure provides a method of modulating, e.g., inhibiting, SARM1 in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject, a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formulae disclosed herein, a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising any of the foregoing.
• a compound, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt as described herein including a compound of the Formulae disclosed herein, Compounds 1 to 120, a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof, for modulating, e.g., inhibiting, SARM1 in a subject in need thereof.
• a compound, tautomer, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt as described herein, including a compound of the Formulae disclosed herein, Compounds 1 to 120, a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof is for use in modulating, e.g., inhibiting, SARM1 in a subject in need thereof by contacting the subject with the compound, tautomer, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or pharmaceutical composition.
• a compound of the Formulae disclosed herein, Compounds 1 to 120, a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof may be administered once daily, twice daily, or three times daily, for example, for the treatment of a disease or condition, includes, but is not limited to, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) , Parkinson's disease, Parkinsonian syndromes, ischemia, stroke, herpes infection, a demyelinating disease such as multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, sepsis, a chronic disease of PNS comprises inherited neuropathies, such as, but is not limited to Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) , an optic nerve disorder such as glaucoma, and retinal ganglion degeneration, colitis, a metabolic disease or disorder such as diabetic neuropathy, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (
• a compound of the Formulae disclosed herein, Compounds 1 to 120, a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof may be administered, for example, various manners, such as orally, topically, rectally, parenterally, by inhalation spray, or via an implanted reservoir, although the most suitable route in any given case will depend on the particular host, and nature and severity of the conditions for which the active ingredient is being administered.
• parenteral as used herein includes subcutaneous, intracutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular, intraarticular, intraarterial, intrasynovial, intrasternal, intrathecal, intralesional and intracranial injection or infusion techniques.
• compositions disclosed herein may be conveniently presented in unit dosage form and prepared by any of the methods well known in the art. Parenteral administration can be by continuous infusion over a selected period of time. Other forms of administration contemplated in this disclosure are as described in International Patent Application Nos. WO 2013/075083, WO 2013/075084, WO 2013/078320, WO 2013/120104, WO 2014/124418, WO 2014/151142, and WO 2015/023915.
• the contacting is generally effected by administering to the subject an effective amount of one or more compounds, tautomers, solvates, stereoisomers, and pharmaceutically acceptable salt disclosed herein.
• administration is adjusted to achieve a therapeutic dosage of about 0.1 to 50, preferably 0.5 to 10, more preferably 1 to 10 mg/kg, though optimal dosages are compound specific, and generally empirically determined for each compound.
• the dosage administered will be dependent on factors, such as the age, health and weight of the recipient, the extent of disease, type of concurrent treatment, if any, frequency of treatment, and the nature of the effect desired.
• a daily dosage of the active ingredient can vary, for example, from 0.1 to 2000 milligrams per day. For example, 10-500 milligrams once or multiple times per day may be effective to obtain the desired results.
• 2 mg to 1500 mg or 5 mg to 1000 mg of a compound of the Formulae disclosed herein, Compounds 1 to 120, a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof are administered once daily, twice daily, or three times daily.
• the compound, tautomer, solvate, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt described herein is administered for morning/daytime dosing, with off period at night.
• the compounds of the disclosure selected from a compound of the Formulae depicted herein, a tautomer thereof, a solvate or stereoisomer of the compound or the tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the foregoing, can be made according to standard chemical practices or as illustrated herein, including the following synthetic schemes for Compounds 1 to 120 as representative examples of Formula I.
• Step 2 To a solution of 2-fluoro-6-methoxy-3- (4-methylpyridin-3-yl) phenol 39-02 (120 mg, 0.51 mmol) in DCE (6 mL) was added BBr3 (1.29 g, 5.14 mmol) dropwise under nitrogen protection. After the addition, the mixture was heated to 80°C and stirred for 12 h. The reaction mixture was quenched with water (8 mL) then extracted with ethyl acetate (25 mL ⁇ 2) . The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na 2 SO 4 , and concentrated in vacuo to give a residue.
• Step 1 4- (4-Methylpyridin-3-yl) aniline 69-02 was prepared in a yield of 78% (250 mg, 1.36 mmol) from 4-bromoaniline 69-01 (300 mg, 1.74 mmol) according to the procedure outlined for compound 5. Mass (m/z) : 185.1 [M+H] + .
• Step 2 To a solution of 4- (4-methylpyridin-3-yl) aniline 69-02 (100 mg, 0.54 mmol) and Sc (SO 3 CF 3 ) 3 (40 mg, 0.08 mmol) in water (4 mL) was added cyanamide (27 mg, 0.65 mmol) at rt. The reaction was stirred at 100 °C for 12 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to rt and extracted with EA. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over MgSO 4 , filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by prep-HPLC to afford compound 69 (4.5 mg, yield: 3.66%) as a white solid.
• Step 1 2-Amino-5- (4-methylpyridin-3-yl) benzonitrile 79-02 was prepared in a yield of 48.0%according to the procedure outlined for compound 5. Mass (m/z) : 210.3 [M+H] + .
• Step 2 To a solution of 2-amino-5- (4-methylpyridin-3-yl) benzonitrile 79-02 (300 mg, 1.43 mmol) in THF (3 mL) was added BH 3 (6 mL, 6 mmol, 1 M in THF) slowly. After the addition, the reaction mixture was stirred at 65 °C for 3 h under nitrogen protection. Then the reaction mixture was quenched by the addition of the MeOH (3 mL) dropwise at 0 °C and then stirred at 50 °C for 5 h. The solvent was removed under vacuum to give a residue.
• Step 3 A mixture of 2- (aminomethyl) -4- (4-methylpyridin-3-yl) aniline 79-03 (200 mg, 0.94 mmol) and BrCN (149 mg, 1.41 mmol) in EtOH (15 mL) was heated to 60 °C and stirred for 3 h under nitrogen protection. The reaction mixture was quenched with water (6 mL) and extracted with DCM (20 mL ⁇ 2) .
• Step 1 To a solution of 5-bromoindoline-2, 3-dione 81-01 (1.00 eq, 500 mg, 2.21 mmol) in DCM (10mL) was added DAST (1.0 eq, 357 mg, 2.21 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at RT for 2h. The reaction was concentrated, and the residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate, washed with water, dried over Na 2 SO 4 and concentrated to give the crude product. The crude product was purified by flash column chromatography to give the compound 81-02 (450 mg, yield: 75.5%) . Step 2: The titled compound 81 was prepared in a yield of 36.2%according to the procedure outlined for compound 5.
• Step 1 5- (4-methoxybenzyl) -8- (4-methylpyridin-3-yl) -2, 3-dihydrobenzo [b] [1, 4] oxazepin-4 (5H) -one 85-02 was prepared in a yield of 77.9%according to the procedure outlined for compound 3.
• Step 2 A mixture of 5- (4-methoxybenzyl) -8- (4-methylpyridin-3-yl) -2, 3-dihydrobenzo [b] [1, 4] oxazepin-4 (5H) -one 85-02 (85 mg, 0.23 mmol) and TfOH (2 mL) was stirred at 70 °C for 1 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to rt and diluted with water. The aqueous phase was extracted with EA.The combined organic extracts were washed with brine and dried over Na 2 SO 4 . The solvent was removed under vacuum and purified by prep-HPLC to give compound 85 (45 mg, yield: 77.6%) as a white solid.
• Step 1 A mixture of 3-bromo-5-iodopyridine 87-01 (5 g, 17.6 mmol) , aniline 87-02 (1.64 g, 17.6 mmol) , Pd 2 (dba) 3 (732 mg, 0.8 mmol) , Cs 2 CO 3 (17.2 g, 53 mmol) and Xantphos (462 mg, 0.8 mmol) was stirred under N 2 at 70 °C for 12 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to rt and diluted with water. The aqueous phase was extracted with EA. The combined organic extracts were washed with brine and dried over Na 2 SO 4 . The solvent was removed under vacuum to give crude 5-bromo-N-phenylpyridin-3-amine 87-03 which was used directly to the next step.
• Step 2 Compound 87 was prepared in a yield of 38.2%according to the procedure outlined for compound 5. Mass (m/z) : 304.1 [M+H] + .
• Step 1 The titled compound 89-02 was prepared in a yield of 56.2%according to the procedure outlined for compound 5. Mass (m/z) : 200.1 [M+H] + .
• Step 2 To a solution of 4- (4-methylpyridin-3-yl) benzene-1, 2-diamine 89-02 (150 mg, 0.75 mmol) and 4, 5-dichloro-1, 2, 3-dithiazol-1-ium 89-03 (256.9 mg, 0.75 mmol) in pyridine (3 mL) was stirred under nitrogen protection at 25 °C for 12 h. The solvent was removed under vacuum to give a crude product, which was purified by prep-HPLC to give compound 89 (23 mg, yield: 12.9%) as a white solid. Mass (m/z) : 235.0 [M+H] + .
• Step 1 To a solution of 7-fluorobenzo [d] oxazol-2 (3H) -one 91-01 (306 mg, 2.0 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was added NBS (356 mg, 2.0 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 1 h. The mixture was diluted with water, extracted with ethyl acetate, washed with brine, dried over Na 2 SO 4 and concentrated in vacuo to give crude product. The crude product was purified by silica gel chromatography to give 6-bromo-7-fluorobenzo [d] oxazol-2 (3H) -one 91-02 (463 mg, yield: 99%) as a yellow solid. Mass (m/z) : 231.9 [M+H] + .
• Step 2 The titled compound 91 was prepared in a yield of 5.1%according to the procedure outlined for compound 5. Mass (m/z) : 245.1 [M+H] + .
• Step 1 A mixture of 4-fluoroaniline 100-01 (111 mg, 1.00 mmol) , 3-bromo-5-iodopyridine 87-01 (284 mg, 1.00 mmol) , Pd2 (dba) 3 (46 mg, 0.0500 mmol) , X-phos (24 mg, 0.05 mmol) and tBuONa (115 mg, 1.20 mmol) in toluene (5 mL) was stirred at 90 °C under nitrogen atmosphere overnight.
• Step 2 The titled compound 100 was prepared in a yield of 28.1%according to the procedure outlined for compound 5. Mass (m/z) : 322.3 [M+H] + .
• Step 1 The titled compound 101-02 was prepared in a yield of 51.3%according to the procedure outlined for compound 5. Mass (m/z) : 228.1 [M+H] + .
• Step 2 The titled compound 101 was prepared in a yield of 14.1%according to the procedure outlined for compound 100-02. Mass (m/z) : 322.1 [M+H] + .
• the enzymatic assay was performed in a 384-well plate using Dulbecco’s PBS buffer as the reaction buffer.
• Purified SARM1 50-7214 with a final concentration of 2 nM was pre-incubated with the test compound at 1%DMSO final assay concentration for 15 min at room temperature.
• the reaction was initiated by adding the mixture of 200 ⁇ M NMN as activator and 100 ⁇ M NAD + as substrate. After 1h of incubation at room temperature, the reaction was terminated with 10 times volume of 70%acetonitrile, then centrifuged at 3800 rpm for 10 min.
• the samples were analyzed using LC-MS/MS after diluted to the proper concentration by 10 mM ammonium acetate (pH 9.75) .
• SARM1 inhibitory activity of compounds 1-120 is summarized in Table 2.

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