WO2023061121A1 - 一种手术模拟装置及手术训练系统 - Google Patents

一种手术模拟装置及手术训练系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023061121A1
WO2023061121A1 PCT/CN2022/118033 CN2022118033W WO2023061121A1 WO 2023061121 A1 WO2023061121 A1 WO 2023061121A1 CN 2022118033 W CN2022118033 W CN 2022118033W WO 2023061121 A1 WO2023061121 A1 WO 2023061121A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
housing
mesh plate
assembly
simulation
platform
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PCT/CN2022/118033
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
贾宸
Original Assignee
北京博医时代医疗科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2023061121A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023061121A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
    • G09B23/28—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine
    • G09B23/285—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine for injections, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, sigmoidscopy, insertion of contraceptive devices or enemas

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of medical instruments, in particular to an operation simulation device and an operation training system.
  • the existing methods mainly include the following types.
  • the model device for preoperative training is used, but the existing model device for preoperative training is simple in structure, only animal tissues are placed in a simple box, the simulation effect is poor, and the surgical training effect is poor, and Only a single operation simulation can be performed with a single function.
  • the purpose of this application is to provide a surgical simulation device and a surgical training system to solve the deficiencies in the prior art.
  • a surgical simulation device includes a first functional platform, a second functional platform and an installation platform;
  • the first functional platform includes a housing assembly, a perfusion assembly, a control module and
  • the multifunctional joint the housing assembly includes a first housing and a second housing, the second housing is arranged in the first housing, and the second housing is close to the first housing
  • the bottom direction of the bottom is recessed and forms a liquid storage chamber, the perfusion assembly and the control module are both arranged between the second housing and the first housing, the perfusion assembly communicates with the liquid storage chamber,
  • the liquid storage chamber is used to store fluid medium, the perfusion assembly is used to simulate the blood system, the control module is used to control the operation of the perfusion assembly,
  • the multifunctional joint is arranged on the housing assembly, and the multifunctional
  • the functional joint is used to simulate the natural passage of the human body;
  • the second functional platform is detachably covered in the housing assembly, the second functional platform has a third housing imitating the shape of the human body, and
  • the third casing has a human body shape in a supine position, a prone position or a lateral position.
  • the third housing includes a human-shaped shell body and a first decorative plate and a second decorative plate that have a color difference from the human-shaped shell body, and the first decorative plate .
  • the second decorative panels are all set on the human-shaped housing body.
  • the second functional platform further includes a skin simulation component
  • the skin simulation component includes a skin fixing frame and a skin simulation layer
  • the third housing is provided with an operation Inlet;
  • the skin fixing frame is detachably arranged on the third housing and located at the operation inlet;
  • the skin simulation layer is arranged on the skin fixing frame, and the skin simulation layer is used to simulate human skin;
  • the third casing is provided with a bone simulation frame corresponding to the operation entrance, the bone simulation frame is located under the skin simulation layer, and the bone simulation frame is used to simulate human subcutaneous bones.
  • the installation platform includes a mesh plate assembly and an installation bracket; the mesh plate assembly is arranged in the second housing, and the mesh plate assembly The liquid storage chamber is separated from the operation chamber; the mounting bracket is arranged on the mesh plate assembly and on the side of the mesh plate assembly facing away from the liquid storage chamber, and the mounting bracket is used to fix The tissues and organs.
  • the mesh plate assembly includes a first mesh plate, a second mesh plate, and a negative connection line; the first mesh plate and the second mesh
  • the orifice plates are hinged, the outer edges of the first mesh plate and the second mesh plate are coated with insulating rubber strips, and the first mesh plate and the second mesh plate are equipped with The installation hole position of the installation bracket is installed; the negative connection line is set on the first mesh plate or the second mesh plate, and the negative connection line is used for externally connecting the electric knife host and for monopolar Electric knife cutting training.
  • the mounting bracket includes a base and a bracket body, the base is detachably connected to the mesh plate assembly, the bracket body is arranged on the base, and the The support body has a shape suitable for the tissues and organs used for simulation training.
  • the perfusion assembly includes a plurality of quick plugs, a pulse perfusion pump, a filter, and a peristaltic pump; a plurality of the quick plugs are arranged on the housing assembly; the The inlet of the pulse perfusion pump is connected to the liquid storage chamber, the outlet of the pulse perfusion pump is connected to one of the shortcut plugs, and the shortcut plug connected to the outlet of the pulse perfusion pump is used for It is connected with the arteries of the tissues and organs for simulating the blood flow of the tissues and organs; the filter is arranged at the inlet of the pulse perfusion pump and is located in the liquid storage cavity; the inlet and outlet of the peristaltic pump They are respectively connected to the other two of the plurality of shortcut plugs for continuous perfusion or suction of liquid; the control module is respectively connected to the pulse perfusion pump and the peristaltic pump, and the control module controls the The pulse perfusion pump delivers the pulsation frequency of the fluid medium, and the control module can
  • the first functional platform further includes a refrigeration module, the refrigeration module is arranged between the first housing and the second housing, and the refrigeration module The module is used to cool the fluid medium in the liquid storage chamber and the air in the operation chamber to ensure the freshness of the tissues and organs and avoid the deterioration of the tissues and organs and the generation of peculiar smell.
  • the present application also provides a surgical training system, including a training platform and the surgical simulation device provided in the first aspect above, and the surgical simulation device is set on the training platform.
  • the present application provides a surgical simulation device and a surgical training system
  • the surgical simulation device includes a first functional platform, a second functional platform and an installation platform
  • the first functional platform includes a shell A body assembly, a perfusion assembly, a control module, and a multifunctional joint.
  • the casing assembly includes a first casing and a second casing.
  • the second casing is arranged in the first casing, and the second casing is close to the first casing.
  • the bottom direction is recessed and forms a liquid storage chamber.
  • the perfusion assembly and the control module are both arranged between the second housing and the first housing.
  • the perfusion assembly is connected to the liquid storage chamber.
  • the liquid storage chamber is used to store fluid media.
  • the blood system is simulated, the control module is used to control the work of the perfusion component, the multifunctional joint is arranged on the housing component, the multifunctional joint is used to simulate the natural passage of the human body, the second functional platform is detachably covered on the housing component, and the second The functional platform has a third shell imitating the shape of the human body. An operating chamber is formed in the third shell.
  • the installation platform is detachably arranged on the shell assembly. The installation platform separates the liquid storage chamber from the operation chamber. The installation platform is used to fix the simulation Organs for training.
  • the surgical simulation device Compared with the prior art, the surgical simulation device provided by this application has the following advantages: (1) The surgical simulation device can use partially isolated animal tissues and organs for surgical training, which is easy to obtain, low in cost, and improves the authenticity of the operation. Thus avoiding the use of living animals and fully simulated organs, reducing training costs. (2) Avoiding the use of a full set of animal viscera, supporting a full set of organ functions, and using more supporting equipment. The surgical simulation device provided in this application cooperates with some isolated animal tissues and organs, and only needs to perform targeted exercises on the parts that need to be practiced, so as to avoid wasting too many resources. (3) The real human body structure is simulated by the third shell imitating the shape of the human body, which provides reference for surgical training.
  • the perfusion components can be connected with isolated animal tissues and organs to simulate the blood system, thereby making the training more realistic and improving Effects of surgical training.
  • (4) Use multi-functional joints to simulate the natural passages of the human body, such as trachea, esophagus, vagina, urethra, etc., and be used for other surgical training, such as intubation training for trachea, gastric tube and urinary catheter, gastroscopy, colonoscopy, hysteroscopy And ureteroscopy and other training, and then multi-operation training can be carried out at the same time, which makes the function of the operation simulation device more diversified and more practical.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic perspective view of a three-dimensional structure of a surgical simulation device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 2 shows an exploded schematic diagram of the operation simulation device shown in Fig. 1 .
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the partial structure of the cooperation between the first functional platform and the installation platform in the surgery simulation device shown in Fig. 2 .
  • Fig. 4 shows a top view of the cooperation between the first functional platform shown in Fig. 3 and the installation platform.
  • Fig. 5 shows a sectional view along A-A in Fig. 4 .
  • FIG. 6 shows an exploded schematic view of the first functional platform shown in FIG. 3 .
  • Fig. 7 shows a schematic diagram of the operating modules of the pulse perfusion pump in the first functional platform provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 shows a schematic perspective view of a second functional platform in the surgery simulation device shown in FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 9 shows an exploded schematic view of the second functional platform shown in FIG. 8 .
  • FIG. 10 shows a schematic perspective view of another second functional platform in the surgery simulation device shown in FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic perspective view of the three-dimensional structure of an installation platform for fixing lung lobe organs in the surgery simulation device shown in FIG. 2 .
  • Fig. 12 shows a schematic perspective view of the three-dimensional structure of an installation platform for fixing intestinal organs in the surgery simulation device shown in Fig. 2 .
  • Fig. 13 shows an exploded schematic view of the mesh plate assembly in the installation platform provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • this embodiment shows a surgical simulation device, which is used to provide pre-operative simulation training to improve the success rate of surgery.
  • the surgery simulation device includes a first functional platform 200, a second functional platform 100, and an installation platform 300, wherein the second functional platform 100 and the first functional platform 200 are vertically opposite to each other, and the installation platform 300 is set On the first functional platform 200 and between the second functional platform 100 and the first functional platform 200 .
  • the second functional platform 100 can be used for surgical training operations, and the installation platform 300 can be equipped with a fixed tissue and organ 400 for training.
  • the tissue and organ 400 for training can be selected from a partially three-dimensional animal tissue and organ 400 .
  • the first functional platform 200 can provide support for the second functional platform 100 and the installation platform 300 , and on the other hand, it can cooperate with the tissues and organs 400 to simulate a real surgical scene.
  • the above-mentioned first functional platform 200 includes a casing component 200 b , a perfusion component 250 , a refrigeration module (not shown), a control module 230 and a multi-function joint 240 .
  • the housing assembly 200b includes a first housing 210 and a second housing 220, the second housing 220 is disposed in the first housing 210, and the upper edge 220a of the second housing 220 is higher than the first housing 210 , the bottom of the second housing 220 is recessed toward the bottom of the first housing 210 , and the bottom of the second housing 220 and the bottom of the first housing 210 are close to and against each other.
  • the second housing 220 is recessed to form a liquid storage chamber 200a, which can hold a certain amount of fluid medium. In this embodiment, the effect of blood can be simulated through the fluid medium.
  • the fluid medium is a liquid, such as water, a dye-added solution, a preservative-added solution, or other liquids. It should be understood that, the above are only examples, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present application.
  • the bottom of the second housing 220 and the bottom of the first housing 210 are provided with a through sewage outlet 260, the sewage outlet 260 communicates with the liquid storage chamber 200a, and the sewage outlet 260 is provided with A detachable stopper 261, the stopper 261 and the sewage outlet 260 are in sealing fit.
  • the plug 261 is always in sealing cooperation with the sewage outlet 260 to prevent the internal fluid medium from leaking.
  • the plug 261 can be removed, and the fluid medium in the liquid storage chamber 200a is discharged along the sewage outlet 260.
  • the waste liquid cleaned inside the liquid storage chamber 200a can also be discharged through the sewage outlet 260.
  • first housing 210 is in sealing contact with the second housing 220, and an installation space is formed between the first housing 210 and the second housing 220, wherein the perfusion assembly 250 and the control module 230 can be Arranged in the installation space, the perfusion assembly 250 communicates with the liquid storage chamber 200a, and the fluid medium in the liquid storage chamber 200a can be injected into the blood vessels of the tissue and organ 400 at a preset flow rate to simulate a blood system.
  • the control module 230 is used to control the perfusion assembly 250 to work.
  • the installation space is separated from the liquid storage chamber 200a, so as to prevent the fluid medium in the liquid storage chamber 200a from entering the installation space, so as to ensure the normal operation of the perfusion assembly 250 and the control module 230 .
  • the multifunctional joint 240 is disposed on the second housing 220 and close to the upper edge 220 a of the second housing 220 , and the multifunctional joint 240 is used to simulate the natural passage of the human body.
  • the multifunctional joint 240 is used to simulate the natural passage of the human body.
  • simulate the trachea, esophagus, vagina, urethra, etc. and use it for other surgical training, such as intubation training for trachea, gastric tube, and urinary tube, gastroscopy, colonoscopy, hysteroscopy, and ureteroscopy.
  • the functions of the operation simulation device are diversified and the practicability is stronger.
  • a side hole 222 is opened on the side wall of the second housing 220 close to the upper edge 220a, and the multi-functional joint 240 is arranged at the side hole 222 and is sealed and fitted.
  • the multi-functional joint 240 includes a sealing seat and a ball adapter, the sealing seat is in sealing fit with the side hole 222, the ball adapter is provided with a channel passing through the axis, and the ball adapter is detachably arranged in the sealing seat ,
  • the diameter of the ball head adapter can be replaced by the model, which is used to adapt to different kinds of animal organs.
  • the ball adapter can rotate freely in the spherical cavity in the seal seat. When the ball head adapter cylinder points to the inside, it can be connected to organs such as the esophagus and large intestine; when it points to the outside, it can be connected to the urethral spongy body, etc., simulating organs outside the body.
  • the perfusion assembly 250 includes a plurality of quick plugs 251 , a pulse perfusion pump 252 , a filter 254 and a peristaltic pump 253 .
  • a plurality of shortcut plugs 251 include a first quick plug male seat, a second quick plug male seat and a third quick plug male seat, and the first quick plug male seat, the second quick plug male seat and the third quick plug male seat are all Located on the upper edge 220a of the second housing 220, the first quick plug male seat, the second quick plug male seat and the third quick plug male seat are all in communication with the liquid storage chamber 200a.
  • the inlet of the pulse perfusion pump 252 communicates with the liquid storage chamber 200a through a pipeline, and the outlet of the pulse perfusion pump 252 is connected with the first quick plug male seat through a pipeline.
  • a certain amount of "blood” is stored in the liquid storage chamber 200a.
  • the blood flow is simulated. Further, the "blood” flowing out through the tissue organ 400 will flow back into the liquid storage cavity 200a for another circulation.
  • the pulse perfusion pump 252 is a magnetic pump.
  • the drive motor of the magnetic pump is connected to the control module 230.
  • the control module 230 can control the pulsation frequency of the fluid medium delivered by the pulse perfusion pump 252 through the pulse signal, thereby simulating the blood supply function of the heart and other organs.
  • the control module 230 can control the power on and off of the drive motor of the magnetic pump, so that the magnetic pump works at a certain frequency.
  • the control module 230 can control the flow rate of the pulse perfusion pump 252 through the voltage signal.
  • a filter 254 is provided at the inlet of the pulse perfusion pump 252, and the filter 254 is located in the liquid storage chamber. cavity 200a.
  • the inlet of the peristaltic pump 253 is connected to the male seat of the second shortcut plug through a pipeline, and the outlet of the peristaltic pump 253 is connected to the male seat of the third quick plug through a pipeline. It can be understood that the second quick plug male seat connected to the inlet of the peristaltic pump 253 can suck liquid, and the third quick plug male seat connected to the outlet of the peristaltic pump 253 can output liquid.
  • the peristaltic pump 253 can be used to continuously perfuse the tissues and organs 400 to ensure the filling of the tissues and organs 400, or to provide liquid supply for surgical instruments.
  • blood vessels can also be connected to continuously supply "blood”.
  • the drive motor of the peristaltic pump 253 is also connected to the control module 230, and the control module 230 can control the flow rate of the peristaltic pump 253 through a voltage signal.
  • the control module 230 includes an integrated circuit board and a control panel 231 , the integrated circuit board is provided with a control unit, and the integrated circuit board is electrically connected to the pulse perfusion pump 252 and the peristaltic pump 253 .
  • the control unit is an integrated chip or a single-chip microcomputer.
  • the control panel 231 is arranged on the side wall of the first housing 210, and the function button 232 and the adjustment knob 233 are arranged on the control panel 231, so that control commands can be input through the function button 232 and the adjustment knob 233 to control the pulse perfusion pump 252 and the peristaltic pump 252.
  • Pump 253 switch and flow, frequency adjustment.
  • the control panel 231 further includes a touch screen, and the touch screen can also input control commands, and can display real-time running status information at the same time.
  • control module 230 pulse perfusion pump 252 and peristaltic pump 253 can be powered by an external power supply.
  • a charging power supply can also be provided between the first casing 210 and the second casing 220 to provide power, so that it is not limited by wires, which is more practical and convenient.
  • the above-mentioned second functional platform 100 includes a third housing 110 and a skin simulation component 120, wherein the third housing 110 is detachably covered above the second housing 220, and the second The top surfaces of the three shells 110 and the upper edge 220 a of the second shell 220 away from the first shell 210 abut against each other. Further, a sealing ring 270 is provided on the contact surface between the second housing 220 and the third housing 110, so as to realize the sealing fit between the second functional platform 100 and the first functional platform 200, and prevent impurities from entering the liquid storage chamber 200a .
  • the skin simulation component 120 is detachably arranged on the third housing 110 for simulating the skin structure and can be used for repeated puncturing.
  • the third housing 110 bulges away from the first functional platform 200 to form a human-like shape, and an operation cavity is formed inside the third housing 110 to provide an operation space for surgical training.
  • the third housing 110 has a human body shape such as a supine position, a prone position, a lateral position or a pediatrics.
  • the supine position has the shape of the chest in the supine position or the shape of the abdomen in the supine position (as shown in Figure 10), etc.
  • the prone position has the shape of the back in the prone position or the shape of the waist in the prone position; Abdominal shape (as shown in Figure 8), etc.
  • the third housing 110 includes a human-shaped shell body 111 and two decorative plates 112 that have a color difference with the human-shaped shell body 111, and the two decorative plates 112 are respectively the first decorative plate and the second decorative plate.
  • Decorative plate wherein, groove 111b is provided on both sides of figure housing body 111, and the first decorative plate, the second decorative plate are all embedded in the corresponding groove 111b, and the first decorative plate, the second decorative plate and the figure
  • the housing body 111 is connected by screws or clips. It can be understood that, through the color difference effect formed by the first decorative board, the second decorative board and the human-shaped housing body 111 , the human body shape of the third housing 110 is more prominent, and the effect is more realistic.
  • the bottom of the doll-shaped housing body 111 is provided with a snap-in flange 111c, and a plurality of locks 221 are arranged around the second housing 220, when the doll-shaped housing body 111 is installed on the second housing 220 At this time, the fast assembly of the third housing 110 can be realized through the cooperation of the locking buckle 221 and the locking flange 111c, and the disassembly is also very convenient.
  • the humanoid shell body 111 is also provided with an operation inlet 111a, which communicates with the operation chamber.
  • the skin simulation component 120 is arranged at the operation inlet 111a. Surgical instruments can enter the operation chamber through the skin simulation component 120 for corresponding surgical training.
  • the skin simulation component 120 includes a skin fixing frame 121 and a skin simulation layer 122 , and the skin fixing frame 121 is embedded at the operation entrance 111 a and is adapted to the shape of the humanoid shell body 111 .
  • the skin fixing frame 121 is detachably connected to the human-shaped housing body 111 through screws.
  • the skin fixing frame 121 is snap-fitted to the human-shaped housing body 111 , which is more convenient to assemble and disassemble.
  • the skin simulation layer 122 is laid on the skin fixing frame 121, and the skin simulation layer 122 is used to simulate human skin, and the skin simulation layer 122 and the skin fixing frame 121 are bonded or screwed together.
  • the skin-simulating layer 122 can be made of silica gel or elastic rubber, wherein the rubber can be TPU (Thermoplastic polyurethanes, thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer rubber) or TPE (Thermoplastic Elastomer, thermoplastic elastomer).
  • TPU Thermoplastic polyurethanes, thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer rubber
  • TPE Thermoplastic Elastomer, thermoplastic elastomer
  • a bone simulation frame 113 is provided on the humanoid shell body 111 corresponding to the operation entrance 111a.
  • the bone simulation frame 113 is located below the skin simulation layer 122, on the one hand, it can provide support for the skin simulation layer 122, and on the other hand, the bone simulation frame 113 can simulate the subcutaneous bones of the human body, which is convenient for the operator to identify the position of the body surface by touching and improve Authenticity in surgical training.
  • the function of the human-shaped shell body 111 is to provide a simulated human body shape and display relevant body surface marks, so that surgical instruments can enter the correct position, thereby imitating the real entry angle of human surgery.
  • the function of the skin simulation component 120 is to provide simulated skin tactile sensation, to touch the bone under the skin, and to allow repeated puncturing by surgical instruments.
  • the function of the skin fixing frame 121 is to fix the skin simulation layer 122, so that the skin simulation layer 122 and the humanoid shell body 111 are integrated to avoid falling off during use.
  • the function of the bone simulation frame 113 is to support the skin simulation layer 122 and provide corresponding bone marks for related operations.
  • the above-mentioned installation platform 300 is detachably arranged in the second housing 220, wherein, the installation platform 300 includes a mesh plate assembly 310 and an installation bracket 320, and the installation bracket 320 can be It is detachably installed on the mesh plate assembly 310 , and the installation bracket 320 can fix and install the tissues and organs 400 for training.
  • the mesh plate assembly 310 is disposed in the second housing 220, and the mesh plate assembly 310 separates the liquid storage chamber 200a from the operation chamber, wherein the liquid storage chamber 200a is located below the operation chamber.
  • the mesh plate assembly 310 and the second housing 220 are snap fit, that is, the outer edge of the mesh plate assembly 310 is an interference fit with the inner wall of the second housing 220, thereby preventing the mesh plate assembly 310 from loosening during surgical training .
  • the mounting bracket 320 is arranged on the mesh plate assembly 310 and on the side of the mesh plate assembly 310 facing away from the liquid storage chamber 200a.
  • the mounting bracket 320 is used to fix the tissues and organs 400 for training, so as to avoid the deviation of the tissues and organs 400 during the surgical training process.
  • the original position ensures the smooth completion of surgical training and the effect of surgical training.
  • the mesh plate assembly 310 includes a first mesh plate 311, a second mesh plate 312 and a negative connection line 315, wherein the first mesh plate 311 and the second mesh plate 312 are equipped with flow pores, which allow the liquid to flow back to the liquid storage chamber 200a and filter out the larger impurities and residues in the liquid, so as to achieve primary filtration and prevent the residues generated during surgical training from entering In the liquid storage chamber 200a.
  • first mesh plate 311 and the second mesh plate 312 are hinged by a hinge 314, thus, the first mesh plate 311 and the second mesh plate 312 rotate relatively, and the hinge 314 can strengthen the mesh plate.
  • the structural strength of the assembly 310 thus, the mesh plate assembly 310 will not deform even when the tissue organ 400 bears a certain weight.
  • first mesh plate 311 and the second mesh plate 312 are coated with insulating rubber strips 313, and the insulating rubber strips 313 play a role of sealing and insulation.
  • the first mesh plate 311 and the second mesh plate Mounting holes are provided on the 312, and the mounting bracket 320 is fixedly installed by cooperating with the mounting holes through bolts.
  • the negative connection line 315 is arranged on the first mesh plate 311 or the second mesh plate 312, the inside of the second housing 220 is equipped with an inner banana head female seat 332, the second housing
  • the outer side of the body 220 is equipped with an outer banana head female seat 331, and the inner banana head female seat 332 is connected to the outer banana head female seat 331 with wires, and the inner banana head female seat 332 is also connected to the negative connection line 315, and the outer banana head female seat 331 is used It is used to externally connect the electrosurgical unit in the medical device, and then conduct cutting training of the monopolar electrosurgical unit through the electrosurgical unit.
  • the mounting bracket 320 includes a base 322 and a bracket body 321, the base 322 is detachably connected to the mesh plate assembly 310, that is, the base 322 is connected to the first mesh plate 311 It is connected with the installation holes on the second mesh plate 312 by bolts, the bracket body 321 is arranged on the base 322, and the bracket body 321 is provided with a fixed stop, when the tissues and organs 400 used for simulation training are installed on the bracket body 321 , the tissue and organ 400 can be connected to the fixed clamping position through a pull wire, so as to pull, suspend and fix the tissue and organ 400 .
  • the support body 321 has the shape that is adapted to the tissue organ 400 used for simulation training, so that the tissue organ 400 after the fixed installation keeps the normal shape similar to the human body organ, improves the real To improve the effect of surgical training.
  • the tissue organ 400 is a lung lobe organ
  • the support body 321 is adapted to the shape of the lung lobe organ
  • the tissue organ 400 is an intestinal organ
  • the support body 321 is adapted to the shape of the intestinal organ.
  • the support body 321 and the base 322 are hinged, and then the support body 321 is rotated and adjusted on the base 322 to drive the tissues and organs 400 to rotate, adapting to different humanoid states
  • the third casing 110 ensures authenticity, thereby improving the effect of surgical training.
  • the first functional platform 200 further includes a cooling module connected to the control module 230 , and its cooling temperature can be controlled by the control module 230 .
  • the refrigeration module includes a compression refrigeration method or an electronic refrigeration method.
  • the refrigeration module adopts a compression refrigeration method, wherein the compression refrigeration method includes a compressor, a condenser, a capillary tube, and an evaporator connected in series.
  • the capillaries can be distributed on the outer wall of the second housing 220 and correspond to the liquid storage chamber 200a, so as to indirectly exchange heat with the fluid medium in the liquid storage chamber 200a, and cool the fluid medium in the liquid storage chamber 200a.
  • the cooled fluid medium can be sent by the pulse perfusion pump 252 into the blood vessels or other passages of the tissue and organ 400 for circulation, cooling the tissue and organ 400 to keep the tissue and organ 400 fresh, and at the same time, the temperature of the air in the operation chamber can be lowered to make the tissue Organ 400 is preserved for a longer period of time.
  • the cooling module adopts electronic cooling mode, and the cooling chip in the electronic ice bladder contains many (usually 255 pairs) galvanic couples connected by P-type and N-type semiconductor elements. After the direct current is passed through, the hot end of the semiconductor emits heat, and the cold end absorbs heat, resulting in a temperature difference.
  • the cold end is contacted with the side wall of the second housing 220 to absorb the heat of the fluid medium in the liquid storage cavity 200a, so that the temperature of the fluid medium in the liquid storage cavity 200a drops, and at the same time the temperature of the air inside the surgical simulation device decreases,
  • the fluid medium after the temperature drops can be sent to the blood vessels of the tissue and organ 400 by the pulse perfusion pump 252 for circulation, cooling the tissue and organ 400 to keep the tissue and organ 400 fresh, so that the tissue and organ 400 can be preserved for a longer period of time.
  • this embodiment also provides a surgical training system, including a training platform and the surgery simulation device provided above, and the surgery simulation device is set on the training platform.
  • the training platform is provided with a lot of medical equipment for training and a power interface that can supply power to the operation simulation device.
  • first and second are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be interpreted as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as “first” and “second” may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of these features.
  • “plurality” means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.
  • the first feature may be in direct contact with the first feature or the first and second feature may be in direct contact with the second feature through an intermediary. touch.
  • “above”, “above” and “above” the first feature on the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature.
  • “Below”, “beneath” and “beneath” the first feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is less horizontally than the second feature.

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Abstract

本申请提供了一种手术模拟装置及手术训练系统，涉及医疗器械技术领域。手术模拟装置包括第一功能平台、第二功能平台及安装平台，第一功能平台包括壳体组件、灌注组件、控制模块及多功能接头，壳体组件包括第一壳体及第二壳体，第二壳体设置于第一壳体内，第二壳体凹陷形成储液腔，灌注组件、控制模块均设置于第二壳体和第一壳体之间，灌注组件连通储液腔，控制模块用于控制灌注组件工作，多功能接头设置于壳体组件，第二功能平台可拆卸地罩设于壳体组件，第二功能平台具有仿人体外形的第三壳体，第三壳体内形成有操作腔，安装平台可拆卸地设置于壳体组件，用于固定组织器官。本申请提供的手术模拟装置，训练更真实，功能多样化，手术训练效果好。

Description

一种手术模拟装置及手术训练系统 技术领域
本发明涉及医疗器械技术领域，尤其涉及一种手术模拟装置及手术训练系统。
 背景技术
对于实操经验少或者没有实操经验的医护人员，在进行实际手术操作前需要进实操模拟，以提升对手术操作的认知，提升手术的成功率。为解决上述问题，现有的方式主要是有以下几种。
（一）直接采用活体动物进行训练：但是训练成本非常高，一般医生难以有机会进行大量练习以满足实际人体手术的技能要求。
（二）使用动物整套内脏的手术训练，使用多种仪器满足内脏血流、压力等其他指标。需要多种医疗器械支持，还需要维持动物内脏的新鲜程度，训练成本高，练习某一种术式，会浪费其他器官。并且有些器官，单一动物不具有，如猪没有阑尾而兔子有，猪的子宫与人的子宫差异很大等问题。
（三）使用动物单一器官的手术训练，练习步骤比较单一，不能满足人体手术操作的需要（比如能量器械设备的使用和手术操作连续性的步骤等）。
（四）使用3D模拟器，但人体组织是复杂的多层组织，并且由于其性质取决于层的数量、层的厚度、肌肉纤维的走向、湿度、温度等，很难模拟。
（五）采用术前训练用的模型装置，但是现有的术前训练用的模型装置结构简单，仅仅是将动物组织放在一个简单的箱体中，仿真效果差，手术训练效果差，而且只能进行单一的手术模拟，功能单一。
 技术问题
本申请的目的在于提供一种手术模拟装置及手术训练系统，用以解决现有技术中存在的不足。
 技术解决方案
为达上述目的，第一方面，本申请提供的一种手术模拟装置，包括第一功能平台、第二功能平台及安装平台；所述第一功能平台包括壳体组件、灌注组件、控制模块及多功能接头，所述壳体组件包括第一壳体及第二壳体，所述第二壳体设置于所述第一壳体内，且所述第二壳体向靠近所述第一壳体的底部方向凹陷，并形成储液腔，所述灌注组件、所述控制模块均设置于所述第二壳体和所述第一壳体之间，所述灌注组件连通所述储液腔，所述储液腔用于存放流体介质，所述灌注组件用于模拟血液系统，所述控制模块用于控制所述灌注组件工作，所述多功能接头设置于所述壳体组件，所述多功能接头用于模拟人体自然通道；所述第二功能平台可拆卸地罩设于所述壳体组件，所述第二功能平台具有仿人体外形的第三壳体，所述第三壳体内形成有操作腔；所述安装平台可拆卸地设置于所述壳体组件，所述安装平台将所述储液腔与所述操作腔隔开，所述安装平台用于固定模拟训练用的组织器官。
结合第一方面，在一种可能的实施方式中，所述第三壳体具有仰卧位、俯卧位或侧卧位的人体外形。
结合第一方面，在一种可能的实施方式中，所述第三壳体包括人形外壳本体及与所述人形外壳本体存在色差的第一装饰板和第二装饰板，所述第一装饰板、所述第二装饰板均设置于所述人形外壳本体。
结合第一方面，在一种可能的实施方式中，所述第二功能平台还包括皮肤模拟组件，所述皮肤模拟组件包括皮肤固定架及皮肤模拟层，所述第三壳体上设有操作入口；所述皮肤固定架可拆卸地设置于所述第三壳体及位于所述操作入口；所述皮肤模拟层设置于所述皮肤固定架，所述皮肤模拟层用于模拟人体皮肤；所述第三壳体对应所述操作入口处设置有骨骼模拟架，所述骨骼模拟架位于所述皮肤模拟层的下方，所述骨骼模拟架用于模拟人体皮下骨骼。
结合第一方面，在一种可能的实施方式中，所述安装平台包括网孔板组件及安装支架；所述网孔板组件设置于所述第二壳体，所述网孔板组件将所述储液腔与所述操作腔隔开；所述安装支架设置于所述网孔板组件及位于所述网孔板组件背向所述储液腔的一侧，所述安装支架用于固定所述组织器官。
结合第一方面，在一种可能的实施方式中，所述网孔板组件包括第一网孔板、第二网孔板及负极连接线；所述第一网孔板与所述第二网孔板之间铰接，所述第一网孔板与所述第二网孔板的外缘包覆有绝缘胶条，所述第一网孔板与所述第二网孔板上均设有用于安装所述安装支架的安装孔位；所述负极连接线设置于所述第一网孔板或所述第二网孔板，所述负极连接线用于外接电刀主机，用于单极电刀的切割训练。
结合第一方面，在一种可能的实施方式中，所述安装支架包括底座及支架体，所述底座与所述网孔板组件可拆卸连接，所述支架体设置于所述底座，所述支架体具有与模拟训练用的所述组织器官相适配的形状。
结合第一方面，在一种可能的实施方式中，所述灌注组件包括多个快捷插头、脉冲灌注泵、过滤器及蠕动泵；多个所述快捷插头设置于所述壳体组件上；所述脉冲灌注泵的进口与所述储液腔连通，所述脉冲灌注泵的出口与多个所述快捷插头中的一个连接，且与所述脉冲灌注泵的出口连接的所述快捷插头用于与所述组织器官的动脉连接，用于模拟所述组织器官的血液流动；所述过滤器设置于所述脉冲灌注泵的进口处及位于所述储液腔中；所述蠕动泵的进出口分别与多个所述快捷插头中的另外两个连接，用于持续灌注或吸引液体；所述控制模块分别连接所述脉冲灌注泵和所述蠕动泵，所述控制模块通过脉冲信号控制所述脉冲灌注泵输送流体介质的脉动频率，所述控制模块可通过电压信号控制所述脉冲灌注泵和所述蠕动泵的流量。
结合第一方面，在一种可能的实施方式中，所述第一功能平台还包括制冷模块，所述制冷模块设置于所述第一壳体与所述第二壳体之间，所述制冷模块用于冷却所述储液腔中的流体介质及所述操作腔内的空气，来保证组织器官的新鲜程度，避免组织器官变质，产生异味。
第二方面，本申请还提供了一种手术训练系统，包括训练台及如上述第一方面提供的手术模拟装置，所述手术模拟装置设置于所述训练台。
 有益效果
相比于现有技术，本申请的有益效果：本申请提供了一种手术模拟装置及手术训练系统，手术模拟装置包括第一功能平台、第二功能平台及安装平台，第一功能平台包括壳体组件、灌注组件、控制模块及多功能接头，壳体组件包括第一壳体及第二壳体，第二壳体设置于第一壳体内，且第二壳体向靠近第一壳体的底部方向凹陷，并形成储液腔，灌注组件、控制模块均设置于第二壳体和第一壳体之间，灌注组件连通储液腔，储液腔用于存放流体介质，灌注组件用于模拟血液系统，控制模块用于控制灌注组件工作，多功能接头设置于壳体组件，多功能接头用于模拟人体自然通道，第二功能平台可拆卸地罩设于所述壳体组件，第二功能平台具有仿人体外形的第三壳体，第三壳体内形成有操作腔，安装平台可拆卸地设置于壳体组件，安装平台将储液腔与操作腔隔开，安装平台用于固定模拟训练用的组织器官。
相比于现有技术，本申请提供的手术模拟装置具有如下优点：（一）手术模拟装置可采用部分离体的动物组织器官进行手术训练，获取简单，成本低，提高操作的真实性。进而避免了使用活体动物和全仿真器官，降低训练成本。（二）避免了使用全套动物内脏，支持全套器官功能，使用更多支持设备。本申请提供的手术模拟装置配合部分离体的动物组织器官，只需对需要练习的部位进行针对性的练习，避免浪费过多资源。（三）通过仿人体外形的第三壳体模拟出真实的人体外形构造，为手术训练提供参考，灌注组件可与离体的动物组织器官连接，以模拟血液系统，进而使得训练更真实，提升手术训练效果。（四）利用多功能接头模拟人体自然通道，例如气管、食道、阴道、尿道等，同时用于其它手术训练，例如气管、胃管及尿管等插管训练、胃镜、肠镜、宫腔镜及输尿管镜等训练，进而多手术训练可同时进行，使得手术模拟装置的功能多样化，实用性更强。
 附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，应当理解，以下附图仅示出了本发明的某些实施例，因此不应被看作是对范围的限定，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。
图1示出了本申请实施例提供的一种手术模拟装置的立体结构示意图。
图2示出了图1所示手术模拟装置分解示意图。
图3示出了图2所示手术模拟装置中第一功能平台与安装平台配合的局部结构示意图。
图4示出了图3所示第一功能平台与安装平台配合的俯视图。
图5示出了图4中A-A向的剖视图。
图6示出了图3所示第一功能平台的分解示意图。
图7示出了本申请实施例提供的第一功能平台中脉冲灌注泵的运行模块示意图。
图8示出了图2所示手术模拟装置中一种第二功能平台的立体结构示意图。
图9示出了图8所示第二功能平台的分解示意图。
图10示出了图2所示手术模拟装置中另一种第二功能平台的立体结构示意图。
图11示出了图2所示手术模拟装置中一种固定肺叶器官的安装平台的立体结构示意图。
图12示出了图2所示手术模拟装置中一种固定肠器官的安装平台的立体结构示意图。
图13示出了本申请实施例提供的安装平台中网孔板组件的分解示意图。
主要元件符号说明：100-第二功能平台；110-第三壳体；111-人形外壳本体；111a-操作入口；111b-凹槽；111c-卡接凸缘；112-装饰板；113-骨骼模拟架；120-皮肤模拟组件；121-皮肤固定架；122-皮肤模拟层；200-第一功能平台；200a-储液腔；200b-壳体组件；210-第一壳体；220-第二壳体；220a-上缘；221-锁扣；222-侧孔；230-控制模块；231-控制面板；232-功能按键；233-调节旋钮；240-多功能接头；250-灌注组件；251-快捷插头；252-脉冲灌注泵；253-蠕动泵；254-过滤器；260-排污口；261-堵塞；270-密封圈；300-安装平台；310-网孔板组件；311-第一网孔板；312-第二网孔板；313-绝缘胶条；314-合页；315-负极连接线；320-安装支架；321-支架体；322-底座；331-外侧香蕉头母座；332-内侧香蕉头母座；400-组织器官。
 本发明的最佳实施方式
请参阅图1和图2，本实施例了一种手术模拟装置，用于提供手术前模拟训练，以提高手术的成功率。
本实施例提供的手术模拟装置包括第一功能平台200、第二功能平台100及安装平台300，其中，第二功能平台100与第一功能平台200沿竖直方向上下相对设置，安装平台300设置于第一功能平台200，且位于第二功能平台100与第一功能平台200之间。第二功能平台100可提供手术训练操作使用，安装平台300可安装固定训练用的组织器官400，训练用的组织器官400可选用部分立体的动物的组织器官400。第一功能平台200一方面可为第二功能平台100和安装平台300提供支撑，另一方面可与组织器官400配合，模拟真实的手术场景。
请参阅图2、图3及图5，上述第一功能平台200包括壳体组件200b、灌注组件250、制冷模块（图未示）、控制模块230及多功能接头240。其中，壳体组件200b包括第一壳体210及第二壳体220，第二壳体220设置于第一壳体210内，且第二壳体220的上缘220a高出第一壳体210，第二壳体220的底部向靠近第一壳体210的底部方向凹陷，第二壳体220的底部与第一壳体210的底部靠近且相互抵持。进一步的，第二壳体220凹陷后形成有储液腔200a，储液腔200a中可盛放一定量的流体介质，本实施例可通过流体介质模拟出血液的效果。
可选地，流体介质为液体，例如水、添加有染料的溶液、添加有防腐剂的溶液或其它液体。应当理解的，上述仅是举例说明，不作为本申请保护范围的限制。
请参阅图3、图4及图5，第二壳体220的底部与第一壳体210的底部设置有贯通的排污口260，排污口260与储液腔200a连通，排污口260处设置有可拆卸的堵塞261，堵塞261与排污口260为密封配合。在手术训练过程中，堵塞261始终与排污口260密封配合，防止内部的流体介质泄漏。手术训练完成后可将堵塞261拆下，储液腔200a中的流体介质沿排污口260排出，另外，对储液腔200a内部清洗的废液也可经排污口260排出。
进一步的，第一壳体210与第二壳体220之间密封接触，且第一壳体210与第二壳体220之间还形成有安装空间，其中，灌注组件250和控制模块230均可设置于该安装空间中，灌注组件250与储液腔200a连通，可将储液腔200a中的流体介质按预设流速注入组织器官400的血管中，以模拟血液系统。控制模块230用于控制灌注组件250工作。
可以理解的，安装空间与储液腔200a隔开，进而避免储液腔200a中的流体介质进入安装空间中，以确保灌注组件250和控制模块230正常工作。
请参阅图5和图6，多功能接头240设置于第二壳体220且靠近第二壳体220的上缘220a，多功能接头240用于模拟人体自然通道。例如模拟气管、食道、阴道、尿道等，同时用于其它手术训练，例如气管、胃管及尿管等插管训练、胃镜、肠镜、宫腔镜及输尿管镜等训练，进而多手术训练可同时进行，使得手术模拟装置的功能多样化，实用性更强。
进一步的，第二壳体220的侧壁靠近上缘220a开设有侧孔222，多功能接头240设置于该侧孔222处，且密封配合。
在一些实施例中，多功能接头240包括密封座及球头适配器，密封座与侧孔222密封配合，球头适配器设有沿轴线贯穿的通道，且球头适配器可拆卸地设置于密封座内，球头适配器可更换直径的型号，用于适配不同种类动物器官。球头适配器可在密封座内的球形空腔中自由转动。球头适配器圆柱体指向内部时，可连接食管，大肠等器官；指向外部时，可连接尿道海绵体等，模拟体外器官等。
请参阅图3、图5、图6及图7，进一步的，灌注组件250包括多个快捷插头251、脉冲灌注泵252、过滤器254及蠕动泵253。其中，多个快捷插头251包括第一快捷插头公座、第二快捷插头公座及第三快捷插头公座，第一快捷插头公座、第二快捷插头公座及第三快捷插头公座均设置于第二壳体220的上缘220a，第一快捷插头公座、第二快捷插头公座及第三快捷插头公座均与储液腔200a连通。
脉冲灌注泵252的进口通过管路与储液腔200a连通，脉冲灌注泵252的出口通过管路与第一快捷插头公座连接，使用时，储液腔200a内存放一定量的“血液”，并且使用与第一快捷插头公座适配的第一快捷插头母座与之插接并锁紧配合，其中，第一快捷插头母座的另一端可通硅胶管与组织器官400中血管连接，以向组织器官400中输入“血液”，模拟出血液流动。进一步的，经过组织器官400流出的“血液”会再回流至储液腔200a中再次进行循环。
脉冲灌注泵252为一种磁力泵，磁力泵的驱动电机与控制模块230连接，控制模块230可通过脉冲信号控制脉冲灌注泵252输送流体介质的脉动频率，进而可模拟心脏等器官的供血功能。具体的，可通过控制模块230控制磁力泵的驱动电机的通断电，使得磁力泵以一定的频率工作。同时，控制模块230可通过电压信号控制脉冲灌注泵252的流量。
进一步的，为了避免回流至储液腔200a“血液”中混入杂质堵住脉冲灌注泵252的进口，由此，在脉冲灌注泵252的进口处设置有过滤器254，且过滤器254位于储液腔200a中。
蠕动泵253的进口与第二快捷插头公座通过管路连接，蠕动泵253的出口与第三快捷插头公座通过管路连接。可以理解的，与蠕动泵253的进口连接的第二快捷插头公座可吸入液体，与蠕动泵253的出口连接的第三快捷插头公座可输出液体。
由此，当第三快捷插头公座通过对应的第三快捷插头母座与组织器官400的通道连接时，第二快捷插头公座通过对应的第二快捷插头母座与外接供液管连接，此时，可通过蠕动泵253向组织器官400内进行持续灌注，保证组织器官400充盈，或为手术器械提供液体供给，当然也可以连接血管进行持续供“血”。当第二快捷插头公座通过对应的第二快捷插头母座与组织器官400连接时，可吸引组织器官400内的液体或血液，再由第三快捷插头母座排出。由上可知，蠕动泵253可实现灌注或吸引液体的功能。
其中，蠕动泵253的驱动电机也与控制模块230连接，控制模块230可通过电压信号控制蠕动泵253的流量。
请参阅图3和图6，进一步的，控制模块230包括集成电路板及控制面板231，集成电路板上设置有控制单元，集成电路板与脉冲灌注泵252及蠕动泵253电性连接。可选地，控制单元为集成芯片或单片机。控制面板231设置于第一壳体210侧壁上，控制面板231上设置功能按键232和调节旋钮233，由此可通过功能按键232和调节旋钮233输入控制命令，以控制脉冲灌注泵252及蠕动泵253的开关及流量、频率调节。可选地，控制面板231还包括触控屏，触控屏也可输入控制命令，同时可以显示实时的运行状态信息。
上述控制模块230、脉冲灌注泵252及蠕动泵253的可通过外接电源进行供电。当然也可在第一壳体210与第二壳体220之间设置充电电源进行供电，进而不受电线的限制，实用更方便。
请参阅图2、图6及图8，上述第二功能平台100包括第三壳体110及皮肤模拟组件120，其中第三壳体110可拆卸地罩设在第二壳体220上方，且第三壳体110及位于第二壳体220远离第一壳体210的上缘220a顶面抵接。进一步的，在第二壳体220与第三壳体110的接触面设置有密封圈270，以实现第二功能平台100和第一功能平台200之间的密封配合，防止杂质进入储液腔200a。皮肤模拟组件120可拆卸地设置于第三壳体110上，用于模拟皮肤构造，可以供重复穿刺使用。
进一步的，第三壳体110向远离第一功能平台200的方向隆起，进而形成有仿人体外形，第三壳体110的内部形成有操作腔，以为手术训练提供操作空间。
请参阅图8和图10，可选地，第三壳体110具有仰卧位、俯卧位、侧卧位或儿科等人体外形。其中，仰卧位具有仰卧位胸部外形或仰卧位腹部外形（如图10所示）等；俯卧位具有俯卧位背部外形或俯卧位腰部外形等；侧卧位具有侧卧位胸部外形或侧卧位腹部外形（如图8所示）等。
由此可以理解的，可通过更换第三壳体110以得到不同姿态的人体外形，进而模拟不同角度和部位的手术训练，丰富手术训练类型。
请参阅图8和图9，进一步的，第三壳体110包括人形外壳本体111及与人形外壳本体111存在色差的两块装饰板112，两块装饰板112分别为第一装饰板和第二装饰板，其中，人形外壳本体111的两侧设置有凹槽111b，第一装饰板、第二装饰板均嵌装于对应的凹槽111b内，且第一装饰板、第二装饰板与人形外壳本体111为螺钉或卡接连接。可以理解的，通过第一装饰板、第二装饰板与人形外壳本体111形成的色差效果，更凸显第三壳体110的人体形状，效果更逼真。
请参阅图3和图9，人形外壳本体111的底部设有卡接凸缘111c，第二壳体220的四周设置有多个锁扣221，当人形外壳本体111安装于第二壳体220上时，可通过锁扣221与卡接凸缘111c配合，实现第三壳体110的快速装配，同时拆卸也十分方便。
人形外壳本体111上还设有操作入口111a，操作入口111a与操作腔连通，皮肤模拟组件120设置于操作入口111a，手术器械可穿过皮肤模拟组件120进入操作腔进行对应的手术训练。
其中，皮肤模拟组件120包括皮肤固定架121及皮肤模拟层122，皮肤固定架121嵌入在操作入口111a处，并与人形外壳本体111的外形适配。可选地，皮肤固定架121与人形外壳本体111通过螺钉实现可拆卸连接。在一些实施例中，皮肤固定架121与人形外壳本体111为卡扣连接，拆装更方便。
皮肤模拟层122铺设于皮肤固定架121上，皮肤模拟层122用于模拟人体皮肤，皮肤模拟层122与皮肤固定架121为粘接或螺钉连接配合。
可选地，皮肤模拟层122可选用硅胶或具有弹性的橡胶制成，其中橡胶可选用TPU（Thermoplastic polyurethanes，热塑性聚氨酯弹性体橡胶）或TPE（Thermoplastic Elastomer，热塑性弹性体）。
进一步的，人形外壳本体111对应操作入口111a处设置还有骨骼模拟架113。其中，骨骼模拟架113位于皮肤模拟层122的下方，一方面可为皮肤模拟层122提供支撑，另一方面通过骨骼模拟架113可模拟人体皮下骨骼，便于操作者通过触摸辨识体表位置，提高手术训练的真实性。
可以理解的，人形外壳本体111的功能为提供仿真的人体外形，及显示相关体表标识，便于手术器械进入正确位置，从而模仿人体手术真正的进入角度。皮肤模拟组件120的功能为提供仿真的皮肤触觉，可触及皮肤下骨骼，并允许手术器械重复穿刺。皮肤固定架121的功能为固定皮肤模拟层122，使皮肤模拟层122与人形外壳本体111成为一个整体，避免使用过程中脱落。骨骼模拟架113的功能为支撑皮肤模拟层122，并且为相关术式提供对应的骨骼标识。
请参阅图2、图5、图7及图11，上述安装平台300可拆卸地设置于第二壳体220中，其中，安装平台300包括网孔板组件310及安装支架320，安装支架320可拆卸地安装在网孔板组件310上，安装支架320可固定安装训练用的组织器官400。
进一步的，网孔板组件310设置于第二壳体220中，网孔板组件310将储液腔200a与操作腔隔开，其中，储液腔200a位于操作腔的下方。网孔板组件310与第二壳体220为卡接配合，即网孔板组件310的外缘与第二壳体220的内壁为过盈配合，进而避免手术训练过程中网孔板组件310松动。
安装支架320设置于网孔板组件310及位于网孔板组件310背向储液腔200a的一侧，安装支架320用于固定训练用的组织器官400，避免组织器官400在手术训练过程中偏离原有的位置，确保手术训练顺利完成，保证手术训练效果。
请参阅图11和图13，进一步的，网孔板组件310包括第一网孔板311、第二网孔板312及负极连接线315，其中，第一网孔板311与第二网孔板312上均设有过流细孔，过流细孔允许液体回流至储液腔200a并过滤掉液体中体积较大的杂质和残渣，实现一级过滤，进而防止手术训练过程中产生的残渣进入储液腔200a中。
其中，第一网孔板311与第二网孔板312之间通过合页314铰接，由此，第一网孔板311与第二网孔板312相对转动，合页314可增强网孔板组件310的结构强度，由此，网孔板组件310承载一定重量的组织器官400也不会变形。
进一步的，第一网孔板311与第二网孔板312的外缘包覆有绝缘胶条313，绝缘胶条313起密封和绝缘的作用，第一网孔板311与第二网孔板312上均设有安装孔位，安装支架320通过螺栓与安装孔位配合实现固定安装。
请参阅图5、图6及图13，负极连接线315设置于第一网孔板311或第二网孔板312，第二壳体220的内侧安装有内侧香蕉头母座332，第二壳体220的外侧安装有外侧香蕉头母座331，且内侧香蕉头母座332与外侧香蕉头母座331导线连接，内侧香蕉头母座332还连接负极连接线315，外侧香蕉头母座331用于外接医疗器械中的电刀主机，进而可通过电刀主机进行单极电刀的切割训练。
请参阅图7、图11、图12及图13，进一步的，安装支架320包括底座322及支架体321，底座322与网孔板组件310可拆卸连接，即底座322与第一网孔板311与第二网孔板312上的安装孔位通过螺栓连接，支架体321设置于底座322上，支架体321上设置有固定卡位，当模拟训练用的组织器官400安装在支架体321上时，可通过拉线将组织器官400与固定卡位连接，以对组织器官400进行牵引、悬挂和固定。
请参阅图11和图12，可选地，支架体321具有与模拟训练用的组织器官400相适配的形状，以使固定安装后的组织器官400保持类似人体器官的正常的形状，提高真实性，进而提升手术训练效果。例如，当组织器官400为肺叶器官时，支架体321与肺叶器官的形状适配，当组织器官400为肠器官时，支架体321与肠器官的形状适配。
请参阅图8和图11，在一些实施例中，支架体321与底座322之间为铰接配合，进而支架体321在底座322上进行转动调节，以带动组织器官400转动，适配不同人形状态的第三壳体110，确保真实性，进而提升手术训练效果。
请参阅图1、图3及图7，在一些实施例中，第一功能平台200还包括制冷模块，制冷模块与控制模块230连接，其制冷温度可由控制模块230进行控制。其中，制冷模块包括压缩式制冷方式或电子制冷方式。
在一些实施例中，制冷模块选用压缩式制冷方式，其中，压缩式制冷方式包括管路串接的压缩机、冷凝器、毛细管及蒸发器。由此，可将毛细管分布于第二壳体220的外侧壁，并与储液腔200a对应，以与储液腔200a中的流体介质间接地进行热量交换，冷却储液腔200a中的流体介质。冷却后的流体介质可由脉冲灌注泵252送入组织器官400的血管或其它通道中进行循环，冷却组织器官400，以对组织器官400进行保鲜，同时可使操作腔内的空气温度下降，使得组织器官400保存更长久。
在另一些实施例中，制冷模块选用电子制冷方式，电子制冷方式电子冰胆中的制冷芯片包含着许多（常用的是255对）由P型和N型半导体元件连结成的电偶。通直流电之后半导体热端放出热量、冷端吸收热量，产生温差。然后将冷端与第二壳体220的侧壁接触，以吸收储液腔200a中流体介质的热量，使得储液腔200a中流体介质的温度下降，同时使手术模拟装置内部的空气温度下降，同理，温度下降后的流体介质可由脉冲灌注泵252送入组织器官400的血管中进行循环，冷却组织器官400，以对组织器官400进行保鲜，使得组织器官400保存更长久。
进一步的，本实施例还一并提供了一种手术训练系统，包括训练台及如上述提供的手术模拟装置，手术模拟装置设置于训练台上。其中，训练台上设置有许多配合训练的医疗器械以及可为手术模拟装置供电的电源接口。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不必须针对的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。此外，在不相互矛盾的情况下，本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例或示例以及不同实施例或示例的特征进行结合和组合。
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，可以理解的是，上述实施例是示例性的，不能理解为对本发明的限制，本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型。
 本发明的实施方式
下面详细描述本发明的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，仅用于解释本发明，而不能理解为对本发明的限制。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”、“顺时针”、“逆时针”、“轴向”、“径向”、“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本发明的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征“上”或“下”可以是第一和第二特征直接接触，或第一和第二特征通过中间媒介间接接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”可是第一特征在第二特征正上方或斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”可以是第一特征在第二特征正下方或斜下方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种手术模拟装置，其特征在于，包括第一功能平台、第二功能平台及安装平台；
    所述第一功能平台包括壳体组件、灌注组件、控制模块及多功能接头，所述壳体组件包
    括第一壳体及第二壳体，所述第二壳体设置于所述第一壳体内，且所述第二壳体向靠近所
    述第一壳体的底部方向凹陷，并形成储液腔；所述灌注组件、所述控制模块均设置于所述第
    二壳体和所述第一壳体之间，所述灌注组件连通所述储液腔，所述储液腔用于存放流体介
    质，所述灌注组件用于模拟血液系统，所述控制模块用于控制所述灌注组件工作，所述多功
    能接头设置于所述壳体组件，所述多功能接头用于模拟人体自然通道；
    所述第二功能平台可拆卸地罩设于所述壳体组件，所述第二功能平台具有仿人体外形
    的第三壳体，所述第三壳体内形成有操作腔；
    所述安装平台可拆卸地设置于所述壳体组件，所述安装平台将所述储液腔与所述操作
    腔隔开，所述安装平台用于固定模拟训练用的组织器官。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的手术模拟装置，其特征在于，所述第三壳体具有仰卧位、俯卧
    位或侧卧位的人体外形。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的手术模拟装置，其特征在于，所述第三壳体包括人形外壳本体
    及与所述人形外壳本体存在色差的第一装饰板和第二装饰板，所述第一装饰板、所述第二
    装饰板均设置于所述人形外壳本体。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的手术模拟装置，其特征在于，所述第二功能平台还包括皮肤模
    拟组件，所述皮肤模拟组件包括皮肤固定架及皮肤模拟层，所述第三壳体上设有操作入口；
    所述皮肤固定架可拆卸地设置于所述第三壳体及位于所述操作入口；
    所述皮肤模拟层设置于所述皮肤固定架，所述皮肤模拟层用于模拟人体皮肤；
    所述第三壳体对应所述操作入口处设置有骨骼模拟架，所述骨骼模拟架位于所述皮肤
    模拟层的下方，所述骨骼模拟架用于模拟人体皮下骨骼。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的手术模拟装置，其特征在于，所述安装平台包括网孔板组件及
    安装支架；
    所述网孔板组件设置于所述第二壳体，所述网孔板组件将所述储液腔与所述操作腔隔
    开；
    所述安装支架设置于所述网孔板组件及位于所述网孔板组件背向所述储液腔的一侧，
    所述安装支架用于固定模拟训练用的所述组织器官。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的手术模拟装置，其特征在于，所述网孔板组件包括第一网孔
    板、第二网孔板及负极连接线；
    所述第一网孔板与所述第二网孔板之间铰接，所述第一网孔板与所述第二网孔板的外
    缘包覆有绝缘胶条，所述第一网孔板与所述第二网孔板上均设有用于安装所述安装支架的
    安装孔位；
    所述负极连接线设置于所述第一网孔板或所述第二网孔板，所述负极连接线用于外接
    电刀主机，用于单极电刀的切割训练。
  7. 根据权利要求5或6所述的手术模拟装置，其特征在于，所述安装支架包括底座及支
    架体，所述底座与所述网孔板组件可拆卸连接，所述支架体设置于所述底座，所述支架体具
    有与所述组织器官相适配的形状。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的手术模拟装置，其特征在于，所述灌注组件包括多个快捷插头、脉冲灌注泵、过滤器及蠕动泵；
    多个所述快捷插头设置于所述壳体组件上；
    所述脉冲灌注泵的进口与所述储液腔连通，所述脉冲灌注泵的出口与多个所述快捷插
    头中的一个连接，且与所述脉冲灌注泵的出口连接的所述快捷插头用于与所述组织器官的
    动脉连接，用于模拟所述组织器官的血液流动；
    所述过滤器设置于所述脉冲灌注泵的进口处及位于所述储液腔中；
    所述蠕动泵的进出口分别与多个所述快捷插头中的另外两个连接，用于持续灌注或吸
    引液体；
    所述控制模块分别连接所述脉冲灌注泵和所述蠕动泵，所述控制模块通过脉冲信号控
    制所述脉冲灌注泵输送流体介质的脉动频率，所述控制模块可通过电压信号控制所述脉冲
    灌注泵和所述蠕动泵的流量。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的手术模拟装置，其特征在于，所述第一功能平台还包括制冷模
    块，所述制冷模块设置于所述第一壳体与所述第二壳体之间，所述制冷模块用于冷却所述
    储液腔中的流体介质及所述操作腔内的空气。
  10. 一种手术训练系统，其特征在于，包括训练台及如权利要求1‑9中任一项所述的手
    术模拟装置，所述手术模拟装置设置于所述训练台。
PCT/CN2022/118033 2021-10-12 2022-09-09 一种手术模拟装置及手术训练系统 WO2023061121A1 (zh)

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