WO2023060380A1 - 电芯采样电压的补偿方法、装置及用电装置 - Google Patents

电芯采样电压的补偿方法、装置及用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023060380A1
WO2023060380A1 PCT/CN2021/123018 CN2021123018W WO2023060380A1 WO 2023060380 A1 WO2023060380 A1 WO 2023060380A1 CN 2021123018 W CN2021123018 W CN 2021123018W WO 2023060380 A1 WO2023060380 A1 WO 2023060380A1
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Prior art keywords
voltage
battery pack
cell
module
sampling
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PCT/CN2021/123018
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈绍岩
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宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2021/123018 priority Critical patent/WO2023060380A1/zh
Priority to JP2023538072A priority patent/JP7521125B2/ja
Priority to EP21960134.1A priority patent/EP4250430A4/en
Priority to KR1020237020748A priority patent/KR20230109724A/ko
Priority to CN202180054547.8A priority patent/CN116391286A/zh
Publication of WO2023060380A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023060380A1/zh
Priority to US18/473,316 priority patent/US20240061052A1/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G01R19/165—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values
    • G01R19/16533—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values characterised by the application
    • G01R19/16538—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values characterised by the application in AC or DC supplies
    • G01R19/16542—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values characterised by the application in AC or DC supplies for batteries
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/374—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC] with means for correcting the measurement for temperature or ageing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G01R19/10—Measuring sum, difference or ratio
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G01R19/165—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values
    • G01R19/16566—Circuits and arrangements for comparing voltage or current with one or several thresholds and for indicating the result not covered by subgroups G01R19/16504, G01R19/16528, G01R19/16533
    • G01R19/16576—Circuits and arrangements for comparing voltage or current with one or several thresholds and for indicating the result not covered by subgroups G01R19/16504, G01R19/16528, G01R19/16533 comparing DC or AC voltage with one threshold
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
    • G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
    • G01R31/3835—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC involving only voltage measurements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/396—Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4207—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/367—Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of batteries, in particular to a compensation method, device and electrical device for battery cell sampling voltage.
  • lithium battery new energy vehicles need to connect multiple cells in series so that the entire battery pack is in a higher voltage range.
  • the cells of the battery pack are grouped in such a way that multiple cells form a module, and multiple modules form a battery pack.
  • the modules are connected by tabs. Due to the spatial structure of the battery pack between the modules, the length of the bridge between the modules will be long, so it is inevitable in the process of connecting the modules. A longer bar will be introduced. Due to the influence of the impedance of the bar, when a current passes through the battery pack, it will affect the voltage sampling of the battery cell by the voltage sampling device. Therefore, how to accurately obtain the sampling voltage of each battery cell in the battery pack is an urgent problem to be solved.
  • the present application provides a compensation method, device and electrical device for battery cell sampling voltage, which can dynamically detect the battery cells that need voltage compensation without the need for special equipment, and according to the cross-module bar
  • the impedance voltage of the chip compensates the cell sampling voltage.
  • the present application provides a compensation method for battery cell sampling voltage, wherein the battery cell sampling voltage is measured by a voltage acquisition device, and the voltage acquisition device is electrically connected to a plurality of battery cells connected in series in a battery pack , the battery pack includes a plurality of modules, each module includes a plurality of batteries, at least one cross-module pad is connected to different modules in the battery pack, and is located in the sampling channel of the voltage acquisition device Among them, the method includes the following steps: after confirming that all the batteries connected to the voltage acquisition device are in a normal state, charge or discharge the battery pack with a preset current, and obtain The sampling voltage values of the plurality of batteries; according to the acquired sampling voltage values of the plurality of batteries, determine the batteries that need to be compensated for the sampling voltage in the plurality of modules, and calculate the cross-mode Impedance voltage of the assembly plate; perform sampling voltage compensation on the battery cell that needs to be voltage compensated according to the impedance voltage across the module plate.
  • the battery pack when the battery pack is in a static state, it is detected whether each battery cell is in a normal state.
  • the battery cells in the battery pack are normal, charge or discharge the battery pack by flowing a stable current, determine the position of the battery cells that need to be compensated for voltage and the impedance of the cross-module pads, and according to the cross-mode
  • the impedance voltage of the assembly chip compensates the sampling voltage of the cell, so that the collected cell voltage is consistent with the actual voltage of the cell.
  • charging or discharging the battery pack with a preset current includes: flowing the preset current through all cells in the battery pack for a predetermined time. By passing the preset current through all the cells in the battery pack for a predetermined time, the voltage of each cell in the battery pack and the average voltage of the cells in the module can be effectively detected, so that it is possible to accurately locate the need for sampling voltage compensation batteries.
  • the preset current is a stable value during charging or discharging.
  • determining the cells that need sampling voltage compensation includes: calculating the sampling voltage of each cell in the module and the average sampling voltage of all cells in the module The difference value is determined as the battery cell that needs to perform sampling voltage compensation with the difference value greater than the first preset threshold.
  • calculating the impedance voltage across the modules of the module includes: calculating the sampling voltage of the cell that needs to be compensated for the sampling voltage and removing the cell that needs to be compensated for the voltage in the module. The difference between the average sampling voltages of the remaining cells, determine the impedance of the cross-module bar according to the difference and the preset current, and determine the impedance of the cross-module bar according to the current flowing through the cross-module bar and the cross-module The impedance of the pads is used to determine the impedance voltage across the pads of the module.
  • the impedance of the cross-module patch is recorded, and the state of the cross-module patch is predicted according to the impedance of the cross-module patch recorded multiple times.
  • the contact surface of the tabs will age and the fixing bolts will become loose.
  • it also includes the step of judging whether the cell is in a normal state, wherein, when the battery pack is in a resting state, when the sampling voltage of each cell in the module is the same as that in the module When the difference between the average sampling voltages of all the cells is less than the second preset threshold, it is determined that all the cells in the module are in a normal state.
  • wherein the battery pack is in a resting state includes: when the SOC of the battery pack is in a preset range, the current flowing through the battery pack is a resting current.
  • the preset interval is that the SOC of the battery pack is between 30-80%.
  • condition test flag bit of the battery pack is set to 1.
  • condition test flag bit of the battery pack when the condition test flag bit of the battery pack is 1, it is determined whether all cells in the battery pack are in a normal state, if at least one cell is not in a normal state state, then the condition test flag bit of the battery pack is set to 0, and re-detects whether all the cells in the battery pack are in a normal state, and when it is determined that all the cells in the battery pack are in a normal state, set The condition test flag bit of the battery pack is reset to 1.
  • all the cells in the battery pack are of the same type.
  • the present application provides a compensation device for cell sampling voltage, including a memory and a processor, the memory stores a computer program, and the processor is used to: when executing the computer program, realize the above-mentioned Compensation method for cell sampling voltage.
  • the battery pack and the above-mentioned compensating device for the sampling voltage of the cell the battery pack is used to provide electric energy.
  • FIG. 1 is an electrical connection diagram of a battery system in some embodiments of the present application
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the connection mode between the voltage acquisition device and each battery cell when the battery pack of some embodiments of the present application contains cross-module chips;
  • FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a cell sampling voltage compensation scheme in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is the variation diagram of the cell sampling voltage with time in the measured data of some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a cell sampling voltage compensation device in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 6 is a block diagram of an electrical device according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • multiple refers to more than two (including two), similarly, “multiple groups” refers to more than two groups (including two), and “multiple pieces” refers to More than two pieces (including two pieces).
  • a power battery is a battery that provides a power source for an electrical device.
  • the power battery may be a power storage battery.
  • the power battery can be lithium ion battery, lithium metal battery, lead acid battery, nickel battery, nickel metal hydride battery, lithium sulfur battery, lithium air battery or sodium ion battery, etc., in the embodiment of this application is not specifically limited.
  • the battery in the embodiment of the present application may be a battery cell/battery monomer, or a battery module or battery pack, which is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the electrical device may be a vehicle, ship, or spacecraft, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery management system (Battery Management System, BMS) of the power battery is a control system that protects the safety of the power battery, and implements functions such as charge and discharge management, high voltage control, battery protection, battery data collection, and battery status evaluation.
  • the battery cells of power batteries are usually grouped in such a way that multiple cells form a module, and multiple modules form a battery pack.
  • the modules of the battery pack are connected by busbars.
  • the tabs are formed in the form of rods or strips made of metal conductors, and are connected to the electrodes of the modules in the battery pack by means of screw bonding or the like.
  • the length of the bridge between some modules is relatively long, and it is inevitable to introduce long tabs during the grouping process.
  • the sampling channels of the voltage sampling device due to the influence of the chip impedance, when a current passes through the battery pack, it will affect the voltage sampling of the battery cells of the voltage sampling device.
  • the voltage sampling channel is the channel between the two sampling terminals of the voltage sampling device.
  • one sampling terminal of the voltage sampling device samples the voltage at the positive pole of the battery
  • the other One sampling terminal samples the voltage at the negative pole of the battery
  • the channel formed between each terminal of the two sampling terminals of the sampling device and the sampling device is a sampling channel.
  • the first way is to test the impedance of the tabs between the modules when the battery pack is assembled.
  • the management software in the battery management system makes a specific adjustment strategy, the voltage of the battery cell is compensated in combination with the current, that is, the voltage of the battery cell is compensated by calculating the voltage of the bar through Ohm's theorem.
  • the disadvantage of the first method is: the impedance of the battery pack may become larger in the later stage of the life cycle of the battery pack, and the data at the beginning of the life cycle BOL (Begin of Life) cannot be fed back to the state at the end of the life cycle EOL (End of Life), resulting in The compensation data of the cell sampling voltage is inaccurate; in addition, it will take a lot of man-hours to test the impedance of each battery pack and write the management software.
  • the second method is: some voltage sampling devices (such as sampling chips, which can be the analog front-end AFE (Analog Front End) chip, that is, the analog front-end chip completes the sampling function of the battery pack) support the voltage acquisition of the chip.
  • the disadvantage of the second method is that the sampling chip needs more wire harness interface resource support, and the sampling chip can only use the chip that supports the wire harness interface function.
  • the second method has relatively high requirements for the voltage sampling chip.
  • the embodiments of the present invention provide a compensation method, device and electrical equipment for the sampling voltage of the battery cell.
  • the position of the battery cell that needs voltage compensation and the impedance of the cross-module block are determined. Compensate the cell voltage collected by the position voltage sampling device, so that the collected cell voltage is consistent with the actual voltage of the cell.
  • a battery system 1000 according to an embodiment of the present application is taken as an example for description.
  • FIG. 1 is an electrical connection diagram of a battery system provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery system 1000 includes a high-voltage control box BDU1100, a high-voltage fuse FUSE1300, a vehicle end 1200 and a battery pack 1400, wherein the battery pack 1400 contains four modules, respectively 1401, 1402, and 1403 and 1404, between the modules, the modules are connected by a bar, wherein the bar 1501 connects the module 1401 and the module 1402, the bar 1502 connects the modules 1402 and 1403, and the bar 1503 connects the module 1403 and the module 1404.
  • Each module in the battery pack 1400 includes multiple battery cells connected in series, for example, each of the modules 1401 , 1402 , 1403 , and 1404 may include 8 battery cells connected in series.
  • the interior of the high-voltage control box BDU1100 is composed of high-voltage relays, which are used to control the shutdown of the entire high-voltage circuit, and the high-voltage fuse FUSE1300 is used to disconnect the high-voltage circuit in extreme conditions such as short circuits.
  • the modules in the battery pack are connected to the car end 1200 through BDU1100 and FUSE1300 to supply power for the car.
  • the battery pack in Figure 1 may contain multiple modules, not limited to the four modules shown in Figure 1, and each module may also contain multiple Cells connected in series, and the number of cells in each module can be the same or different.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram 2000 of the connection mode between the voltage acquisition device and each battery cell when the battery pack includes cross-module pads in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 2000 is a diagram of the connection mode in the battery pack 1400 including cross-module chips and a voltage sampling device
  • Figure 2000 includes a voltage acquisition device 2001, a voltage sampling device 2002, and a voltage sampling device 2003, wherein the voltage sampling device
  • the devices 2001, 2002 and 2003 can be AFE chips, which respectively sample the cells in the modules 1401, 1402, 1403 and 1404 of the battery pack.
  • the voltage sampling device 2001 has sampling terminals S01-S09
  • the voltage sampling device S2002 has a sampling terminal S2002. terminals S10-S19
  • the voltage sampling device S2003 has sampling terminals S20-S34.
  • the module 1401 includes cells C11-C18
  • the module 1402 includes cells C22-C28
  • the module 1403 includes cells C31-C38
  • the module 1404 includes cells C41-C48.
  • the bar 1501 is located between the modules 1401 and 1402
  • the bar 1502 is located between the modules 1402 and 1403
  • the bar 1503 is located between the modules 1403 and 1404 .
  • the voltage acquisition device 2001, the voltage acquisition device 2002, and the voltage acquisition device 2003 obtain the sampling voltage of the cell by collecting the voltage between the positive pole and the negative pole of the battery cell of 1401, 1402, 1403, and 1404 in the module through the sampling terminal and calculating the difference,
  • the voltage sampling device 2001 collects the sampling voltage of the battery cell C48 through the sampling terminals S01 and S02, that is, the sampling voltage of the battery cell C48 is: the sampling voltage value obtained from the positive pole of C48 through the sampling terminal S01 minus the sampling voltage obtained from the battery cell through the sampling terminal S02
  • the sampling voltage value obtained by the negative pole of C48 is from the positive pole of C48 connected to the sampling terminal S01 to the negative pole of C48 connected to the sampling terminal S02.
  • the paddle 1503 is located between the sampling terminal S09 of the voltage sampling device 2001 and the sampling terminal S10 of the voltage acquisition device 2002. Since the paddle 1503 is located in two different Between the voltage acquisition devices 2001 and 2002, the voltage of the battery cells in the module 1404 can be obtained directly through the voltage of the sampling terminals S01 to S09 and the sampling voltage of the sampling terminal S10, because all the sampling terminals of the voltage sampling device 2001 The sampling voltage of the sampling terminal S10 of the voltage sampling device 2002 can accurately obtain the sampling voltages of all the cells in the module 1404 , so no sampling voltage compensation is required for the cells in the module 1404 .
  • the bar 1502 is located between the modules 1403 and 1402, and the bar 1502 is located between the sampling terminals S17 and S18 of the voltage sampling device 2002, that is, the voltage channel formed by the voltage sampling device 2002, the sampling terminal S17 and the sampling terminal S18 Between, when acquiring the sampling voltage of the cells in the modules 1403 and 1402, it is necessary to calculate the impedance voltage at the pad 1502 to compensate the sampling voltage of the cells.
  • the impedance voltage of the chip 1502 needs to be considered, that is, the real voltage at the cell C31 is: (the sampled voltage value at the sampling terminal S17-the sampled voltage value at the sampled terminal S18)+(the chip 1502 Impedance value * current value flowing through the bar piece 1502), therefore, the bar piece 1502 is a cross-module bar piece, by obtaining the impedance voltage of the cross-module bar piece 1502 (that is, the impedance value of the bar piece 1502 * flowing through the bar piece 1502 current value) to compensate the sampled voltage of the cell C31 to obtain the real voltage at the cell C31.
  • the above calculation of the true voltage of C31 is: (sampling voltage value at sampling terminal S17-sampling voltage value at sampling terminal S18)-(impedance value of bar 1502*flowing through bar 1502 current value).
  • the bar 1501 is located between the sampling channels S25 and S26 of the voltage sampling device 2003.
  • FIG. 3 is a flow chart 3000 of a cell sampling voltage compensation solution in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the voltage sampling device (such as voltage sampling device 2001, voltage sampling device 2002 and voltage sampling device 2003) measure the sampling voltage of the batteries (such as C11-C18) contained in the battery pack (such as the battery pack 1400) in the module (such as the module 1401-1404), as shown in Figure 2, the voltage acquisition device (such as 2001 , voltage sampling device 2002 and voltage sampling device 2003) are electrically connected to battery cells (such as C11-C48) connected in series in a battery pack (such as battery pack 1400) through sampling ports (such as S01-S34), wherein the battery pack includes multiple
  • Each module (such as battery pack 1400 includes modules 1401, 1402, 1403 and 1404), each module (such as 1401, 1402, 1403 and 1404) includes a plurality of batteries (C11-C48), across the module bar different modules in the battery pack (i.e.
  • cross-module board 1501 connects modules 1401 and 1402, cross-module board 1502 connects modules 1402 and 1403), cross-mode
  • the component bar (for example bar 1501 ) is located between the sampling channels of the voltage acquisition device (for example voltage acquisition device 2003 ).
  • the chip 1501 is located between the sampling channels formed by the voltage acquisition device 2001, the sampling ports S25 and S25, and the cross-module chip 1502 is located between the sampling channels of the voltage acquisition device 2002, that is, the voltage acquisition device 2002, the sampling port S17 , Between the sampling channels composed of S18.
  • the flowchart 3000 of the cell sampling voltage compensation scheme includes steps:
  • a voltage acquisition device such as voltage sampling devices 2001, 2002, and 2003
  • the sampled voltage value of the battery cell such as C11-C48
  • the acquired sampling voltage value of the cell (such as C11-C48), determine the cell (such as C31 or C21 in FIG. 2 ) that needs sampling voltage compensation in the module (such as module 1401 or 1402) , and calculate the impedance voltage across the module pad (such as 1501 or 1502);
  • 3004 Perform sampling voltage compensation on the battery cell (such as C31 or C21) that needs voltage compensation according to the impedance voltage across the module pads (such as 1501 or 1502).
  • the battery pack (such as the battery pack 1400) is powered on by passing a stable current value through all the cells (such as the cells C11-C48) in the battery pack (such as the battery pack 1400) for a predetermined time Ts.
  • the cells in 1400 are charged or discharged.
  • the preset current I and the duration Ts need to be confirmed according to the characteristics of the battery cell.
  • the preset current I is enough to meet more than one times the battery power. In the actual detection process, it should be confirmed according to the characteristics of different battery cells.
  • the influence of the module pad on the voltage can be exposed, and the battery cell is fully polarized through the set time Ts.
  • the polarization phenomenon is more stable.
  • the preset current I value can be set to be greater than the current value flowing through the battery cell 1c in the battery pack for charging and discharging.
  • the preset current I can be set to be greater than the current value of charging and discharging the battery cell capacity 1c of the battery pack, and the current value of 1c charging and discharging is the current value of the battery fully charged or fully discharged in 1 hour.
  • the battery cell in the battery pack has a capacity of 200AH, then I can be set to ⁇ 200A.
  • the I value needs to be stable during the test process. For example, according to the capacity of the single cell, it can be a stable 300A or a stable 350A. In the actual testing process, the general Ts is about 10s.
  • the cell that needs to be compensated for the sampling voltage can be positioned and the influence of the cross-module chip on the sampling voltage can be calculated.
  • the preset current I is a stable current value.
  • the stable current value By setting the stable current value, it is convenient to accurately detect the voltage sampling value of each battery cell according to the voltage sampling device during the detection process.
  • the battery cells that need to sample voltage in the module when compensating the battery cells that need to sample voltage in the module (such as module 1401 and module 1402), it is necessary to calculate the sampling voltage and The difference between the average sampling voltages of all the cells in the module is determined as the cell that needs to be compensated for the sampling voltage with the difference greater than the threshold.
  • the battery pack (such as the battery pack 1400) with a preset stable current I
  • the voltage Vcelln of each cell in the module according to the voltage of the voltage sampling device at the sampling end (or sampling point) (n represents the nth cell in the module, n starts from 1)
  • Vcelln Whether the voltage difference ⁇ V1 from the average value Vavg2 of the battery cell sampling voltage in the module satisfies ⁇ V1>Y(mv), where Y is the first threshold, and the battery cell that meets this condition is considered to be a battery that needs sampling voltage compensation core.
  • ⁇ V1 is greater than Y(mv)
  • Y is the preset threshold value according to the experimental test
  • Y I*R
  • R is obtained according to the experimental test data
  • the impedance value, such as R can be set to 0.05m ⁇ .
  • the impedance voltage across the module bar is determined by the current flowing through the bar and the impedance R bar of the bar across the module, and the impedance voltage is used to compensate the cell that needs to be sampled and compensated the sampling voltage.
  • the purpose of calculating the differential pressure is to eliminate the need to compensate the cell voltage and avoid introducing chip errors.
  • the purpose is to more accurately calculate the average sampling voltage of the module, thereby determining the voltage difference ⁇ V2, thereby eliminating the need for compensation Cell voltage, to avoid the error of the chip voltage.
  • the impedance R bar of the cross-module bar is recorded, and the state of the cross-module bar is predicted according to the impedance of the cross-module bar recorded multiple times.
  • the software of the battery management system can record the impedance value of the cross-module tabs calculated each time, and compare the recorded impedance values of the cross-module tabs to confirm whether there is a trend of becoming larger, and then carry out the impedance calculation of the cross-module tabs. slice state prediction.
  • the state of the pad may be the aging of the pad body and the contact surface of the pad, and the loosening of the fixing bolts.
  • the fixing bolts of the pads are loose, the resistance will increase, because under the condition of non-human operation, the loosening of the bolts is a slow changing process, so the state of the pads can be detected by collecting the impedance value of the pads multiple times.
  • the process of determining or judging whether the cells in the battery pack are in a normal state is as follows: when the battery pack is in a resting state, when the sampling voltage of each cell in the module is in the same state as the When the difference between the average sampling voltages of all the cells in the module is less than the preset threshold, it is determined that all the cells in the module are in a normal state.
  • X is the preset threshold value
  • X is the differential pressure value to confirm whether the battery cell is normal according to the characteristics of the battery cell in the battery pack.
  • the threshold X can be used to filter out the abnormal voltage of the cells in the battery pack in the static state.
  • X can generally be set to 50 (mv), and its setting should be confirmed according to the characteristics of different cells.
  • the battery pack when the SOC of the battery pack is within a preset range, the battery pack is placed in a static state, that is, the current flowing through the battery pack in the static state is a static current, and the static current is usually for a smaller current value.
  • the battery pack when the battery pack is in a static state, when there is no current or the current is relatively small, it is ensured that the polarization effect of the battery cell caused by the current subsides, and the voltage at this time is a normal static voltage.
  • the quiescent current is less than 5A.
  • 5A is a small quiescent current.
  • a normal quiescent voltage value can be obtained, which is more conducive to judging the normal state of the battery.
  • the SOC of the battery pack is between 30-80%, so that the battery pack is in a static state.
  • the purpose is to ensure that the battery pack detects whether the battery cell is in a normal state under normal working conditions.
  • the battery management system when all the cells in the battery pack are in a normal state, the battery management system sets the condition test flag of the battery pack to 1. Usually the condition detection flag for the battery pack is set in the software of the battery management system.
  • condition condition test flag The purpose of setting the condition condition test flag is to make the battery management system directly confirm by detecting or setting the flag bit when operating the cells of the battery pack, so as to perform subsequent battery management operations.
  • the software of the battery management system detects that the condition test flag bit of the battery pack is 1, it is determined whether all the cells in the battery pack are in a normal state, if at least one cell is not in a normal state, the The condition test flag bit of the battery pack is set to 0, and re-detects whether all the cells in the battery pack are in a normal state, and when it is determined that all the cells in the battery pack are in a normal state, reset the condition test flag bit of the battery pack to 1 .
  • the impedance detection and calculation operations across the modules can be started.
  • the battery management system By detecting the condition test flag in the battery pack during use and checking whether the battery cell is in a normal state, the battery management system is safer and more reliable when using the battery pack for subsequent operations.
  • the batteries in the modules in the battery pack are of the same type.
  • Table 1 is the measured data table of the battery pack according to the cell voltage compensation scheme.
  • Table 1 lists the sampled voltage values of the battery packs in the actual test, taking cells N31-N40 as an example, over time.
  • the table also includes the battery pack voltage, current, and cell voltage maximum and minimum values , and the SOC state of the battery;
  • FIG. 4 also shows a graph 4000 of the variation of the cell sampling voltage versus time in the measured data.
  • the voltage of the cells in the battery pack (line 174 of the table on the left in Figure 8) is at a stable level, and each cell and its battery pack module
  • the condition test flag bit of the battery pack is set to 1.
  • the number 1 in the first column of Table 1 indicates the internal design flag of the power management software. When the voltage consistency of the battery cell is high in the static state, the flag bit is set to 1, indicating that the correction can be triggered.
  • Table 1 The measured data table of the battery pack according to the cell voltage compensation scheme
  • the sampling voltage Vcell40 of the N40 cell is 3000mv
  • Fig. 5 is a block diagram of a cell sampling voltage compensation device according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the cell sampling voltage compensation device 5000 of the present invention includes a memory 5100 and a processor 5200, the memory 5100 stores a computer program 5300, and the processor 5200 is used to: when executing the computer program, realize the above-mentioned Compensation method for cell sampling voltage.
  • non-transitory computer and/or machine-readable media e.g., memory 5100 can be a hard drive, flash memory, read-only memory, optical disk, digital versatile disk, high-speed cache, random access memory and/or any other storage device or storage disk
  • coded computer program 5300 for example, computer and/or machine readable instructions
  • non-transitory Information stored in a computer and/or machine-readable medium for any period of time eg, for an extended period of time, persistent, ephemeral instances, temporary cache, and/or information cache.
  • non-transitory computer-readable medium is expressly defined to include any type of computer-readable storage device and/or storage disk, and to exclude propagating signals and to exclude transmission media.
  • the processor 5200 of the cell sampling voltage compensation device 5000 may also include a non-transitory computer-readable medium inside.
  • Processor 5200 may be such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors.
  • the processor(s) may include any combination of general and special purpose processors (eg, graphics processors, application processors, etc.).
  • the processor may be coupled thereto and/or may include a memory/storage device, and may be configured to execute instructions stored in the memory/storage device, so as to realize various functions running on the core sampling voltage compensation device 5000 of the present invention. application and/or operating system.
  • Fig. 6 is a block diagram of an electrical device according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the electrical device 6000 includes a battery pack 6001 and the above-mentioned compensating device 5000 for the cell sampling voltage of the present invention.
  • the battery pack includes multiple modules (such as 1401, 1402 and 1403), and each module contains multiple single cells (such as C11-C48).
  • the electrical device is used to provide electrical energy.

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Abstract

一种电芯采样电压的补偿方法(3000)、装置(5000)及用电装置(6000)，该方法(3000)包括：在确认与电压采集装置(2001、2002、2003)所连接的所有电芯(C11-C48)处于正常状态后，对电池包(1400)以预设电流进行充电或放电(3001)，通过所述电压采集装置(2001、2002、2003)获取所述多个电芯(C11-C48)的采样电压值(3002)；根据所获取的所述多个电芯(C11-C48)的采样电压值，在多个模组(1401、1402、1403、1404)中确定需要进行采样电压补偿的电芯(C31、C21)，并计算所述跨模组巴片(1501、1502)的阻抗电压(3003)；根据所述跨模组巴片(1501、1502)的阻抗电压对所述需要进行电压补偿的电芯(C31、C21)进行采样电压补偿(3003)。能够确定出需要进行采样电压补偿的电芯(C31、C21)的位置和该巴片(1501、1502)阻抗大小，对该电芯位置处由电压采集装置(2001、2002、2003)采集的电压进行补偿，使得采集到的电芯电压与电芯实际的电压一致。

Description

电芯采样电压的补偿方法、装置及用电装置 技术领域
本申请涉及电池领域，具体涉及一种电芯采样电压的补偿方法、装置及用电装置。
背景技术
新能源汽车替代传统化石燃料汽车已经成为汽车行业发展的趋势。其中锂电池新能源汽车为了满足电动车的功率要求，需要进行多个电芯的串联使整个电池包处在一个较高的电压范围。
目前电池包的电芯成组的方式为多个电芯组成模组，多个模组组成电池包。模组和模组之间采用巴片来连接，在模组之间由于电池包的空间结构布置会导致模组之间的跨接长度较长，因此在模组之间连接的过程中不可避免会引入较长的巴片，由于受到巴片阻抗的影响，当有电流经过电池包时会影响电压采样装置对电芯的电压采样。因此，如何准确获取电池包中的各个电芯的采样电压，是一项亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
鉴于上述问题，本申请提供一种电芯采样电压的补偿方法、装置及用电装置，能够在不需要特殊设备的情况下，动态地检测需要进行电压补偿的电芯，并根据跨模组巴片的阻抗电压对电芯采样电压进行补偿。
第一方面，本申请提供了一种电芯采样电压的补偿方法，其中，通过电压采集装置测量所述电芯采样电压，所述电压采集装置与电池包中串联连接的多个电芯电连接，所述电池包包括多个模组，每个模组中包括多个电芯，至少一个跨模组巴片连接所述电池包中不同的模组，并位于所述电压采集装置的采样通之间，所述方法包括以下步骤：在确认与所述电压采集装置所连接的所有电芯处于正常状态后，对所述电池包以预设电流进行充电或放电，通过所述电压采集装置获取所述多个电芯的采样电压值；根据所获取的所述多个电芯的采样电压值，在所述多个模组中确定需要进行采样电压补偿的电芯，并计算所述跨模组巴片的阻抗电压；根据所述跨模 组巴片的阻抗电压对所述需要进行电压补偿的电芯进行采样电压补偿。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，通过在电池包处于静置状态时，检测各个电芯是否处于正常状态。当电池包中的电芯正常时，通过流过稳定的电流对电池包进行充电或者放电，确定出需要进行采电压补偿的电芯的位置和跨模组巴片的阻抗大小，并根据跨模组巴片的阻抗电压对该电芯的采样电压进行补偿，使得采集到的电芯电压与电芯实际的电压一致。
在一些实施例中，对所述电池包以预设电流进行充电或放电包括：在所述电池包中的所有电芯中流通所述预设电流并持续预定时间。通过电池包中的所有电芯中流通所述预设电流并持续预定时间，能够有效检测电池包每个电芯的电压和模组中电芯的平均电压，从而能够准确定位需要进行采样电压补偿的电芯。
在一些实施例中，其中所述预设电流在充电或放电过程中为稳定值。
在一些实施例中，其中，在所述多个模组中确定需要进行采样电压补偿的电芯包括：计算模组内每个电芯的采样电压与该模组中所有电芯的平均采样电压的差值，将该差值大于第一预设的阈值的电芯确定为需要进行采样电压补偿的电芯。
在一些实施例中，其中计算所述跨模组巴片的阻抗电压包括：计算所述需要进行采样电压补偿的电芯的采样电压与在模组中剔除该需要进行采用电压补偿的电芯后剩余电芯的平均采样电压的差值，根据该差值和所述预设电流确定所述跨模组巴片的阻抗，根据流过所述跨模组巴片的电流和所述跨模组巴片的阻抗来确定所述跨模组巴片的阻抗电压。
在一些实施例中，记录所述跨模组巴片的阻抗，根据多次记录的所述跨模组巴片的阻抗来预测所述跨模组巴片的状态。当电池包持续使用时，巴片接触面老化、固定螺栓松动等情况会发生，通过多次计算并记录巴片的阻抗，能够确定巴片在非人为情况下的状态，便于对电池包中的巴片进行检测和维修。
在一些实施例中，还包括判断电芯是否处于正常状态的步骤，其中，在所述电池包处于静置状态时，当所述模组中每个电芯的采样电压与所述模组中所有电芯的平均采样电压的差值均小于第二预设的阈值时，确定所述模组中所有电芯处于正常状态。
在一些实施例中，其中所述电池包处于静置状态包括：当所述电池包的SOC处于预设区间时，所述电池包的流通电流为静置电流。
在一些实施例中，所述预设区间为所述电池包的SOC在30-80％之间。
在一些实施例中，其中，当所述电池包中所有电芯处于正常状态时，将所述电池包的条件测试标志位设置为1。
在一些实施例中，在使用所述电池包时，当所述电池包的条件测试标志位为1时，确定所述电池包中所有电芯是否处于正常状态，如果至少一个电芯不处于正常状态时，则将所述电池包的条件测试标志位设置为0，并重新检测所述电池包中所有电芯是否处于正常状态，当确定所述电池包中所有电芯处于正常状态时，将所述电池包的条件测试标志位重置为1。
在一些实施例中，其中所述电池包中的所有电芯为相同类型的电芯。
第二方面，本申请提供了一种电芯采样电压的补偿装置，包括存储器和处理器，所述存储器存储有计算机程序，所述处理器用于：当执行所述计算机程序时，实现本申请上述的电芯采样电压的补偿方法。
第三方面，电池包以及上述的电芯采样电压的补偿装置，所述电池包用于提供电能。
上述说明仅是本申请技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本申请的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本申请的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举本申请的具体实施方式。
附图说明
通过阅读对下文优选实施方式的详细描述，各种其他的优点和益处对于本领域普通技术人员将变得清楚明了。附图仅用于示出优选实施方式的目的，而并不认为是对本申请的限制。而且在全部附图中，用相同的附图标号表示相同的部件。在附图中：
图1为本申请一些实施例的电池系统的电气连接关系图；
图2为本申请一些实施例的电池包中包含跨模组巴片时的电压采集装置与各电芯的连接方式的示意图；
图3为本申请一些实施例的电芯采样电压补偿方案的流程图；
图4为本申请一些实施例的实测数据中电芯采样电压随时间关系的变 化图；
图5为本申请一些实施例的电芯采样电压补偿装置的框图；
图6为本申请一些实施例的用电装置的框图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本申请技术方案的实施例进行详细的描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本申请的技术方案，因此只作为示例，而不能以此来限制本申请的保护范围。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本文中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“第一”“第二”等仅用于区别不同对象，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量、特定顺序或主次关系。在本申请实施例的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本文中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本文所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“和/或”仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如甲和/或乙，可以表示：单独存在甲，同时存在甲和乙，单独存在乙这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)，同理，“多组”指的是两组以上(包括两组)，“多片”指的是两片以上(包括两片)。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“中心”“纵向”“横向”“长度”“宽 度”“厚度”“上”“下”“前”“后”“左”“右”“竖直”“水平”“顶”“底”“内”“外”“顺时针”“逆时针”“轴向”“径向”“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请实施例和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请实施例的限制。
在本申请实施例的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，技术术语“安装”“相连”“连接”“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；也可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请实施例中的具体含义。
动力电池为给用电装置提供动力来源的电池。可选地，动力电池可以为动力蓄电池。从电池的种类而言，该动力电池可以是锂离子电池、锂金属电池、铅酸电池、镍隔电池、镍氢电池、锂硫电池、锂空气电池或者钠离子电池等，在本申请实施例中不做具体限定。从电池规模而言，本申请实施例中的电池可以是电芯/电池单体，也可以是电池模组或电池包，在本申请实施例中不做具体限定。可选地，用电装置可以为车辆、船舶或航天器等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。动力电池的电池管理系统(Battery Management System，BMS)为保护动力电池使用安全的控制系统，实施充放电管理、高压控制、保护电池、采集电池数据、评估电池状态等功能。
目前动力电池的电芯成组的方式通常为多个电芯组成模组，多个模组组成电池包。在电池包的模组与模组之间采用巴片(busbar)连接。巴片形成为由金属导体构成的棒形态或条形态，并且通过螺丝结合等方式连接在电池包中模组的电极上。在电池包模组的连接过程中，部分模组与模组之间跨接长度较长，在成组过程中不可避免会引入较长的巴片，如果跨模组巴片的位置刚好在一个电压采集装置的采样通道之间时，因受到巴片阻抗的影响，有电流经过电池包时会影响电压采样装置对的电芯的电压采样。其中，电压采样通道为电压采样装置的两个采样端之间的通道，例如，当对电池包中的电芯进行采样时，电压采样装置的一个采样端对电池正极处的电压进行采样，另一个采样端对电池负极处的电压进行采样，那么采样 装置的这两个采样端的每个端子和该采样装置之间构成的通道为采样通道。
针对目前由于跨模组巴片所引起的对电芯采样电压不准确的现象，已经有两种处理方式，第一种方式是：在电池包进行组装时测试各个模组之间巴片的阻抗，在电池管理系统中的管理软件做具体调整策略时，结合电流对电芯的电压进行补偿，即，通过欧姆定理计算巴片的电压来对电芯进行电压补偿。第一种方式的缺点是：电池包生命周期后期巴片的阻抗可能变大，通过生命周期开始BOL(Begin of Life)的数据不能反馈生命周期结束EOL(End of Life)时的状态，导致后期电芯采样电压的补偿数据不准；此外，对每个电池包进行巴片阻抗测试及写入管理软件会占用大量工时。第二种方式为：部分电压采样装置(如：采样芯片，可以为模拟前端AFE(Analog Front End)芯片，即模拟前端芯片完成电池包的采样功能)支持巴片的电压采集，通过在巴片两端增加采样线束(或在采样芯片内预留专门的端口)至采样芯片，由采样芯片内部对巴片的电压采集并直接补偿给对应电芯电压。第二种方式的缺点是：采样芯片需要更多的线束接口资源支持，并且采样芯片仅能使用支持具有线束接口功能的芯片，第二种方式对电压采样芯片的要求比较高。
针对上述情况，本发明实施例提供了一种电芯采样电压的补偿方法、装置及用电设备。通过检测在电池处于静置状态下各个电芯是否正常，再通过流过稳定的电流对电芯进行充电或者放电，确定出需要进行电压补偿的电芯的位置和跨模组巴片阻抗大小，对该位置电压采样装置采集到的电芯电压进行补偿，使得采集到的电芯电压与电芯实际的电压一致，通过上述检测和操作，使得在电池的电芯过欠压故障判断时，能够保证采集到的电芯电压是电芯的真实电压。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以本申请实施例的一种电池系统1000为例进行说明。
如图1所示，图1为本申请一些实施例提供的电池系统的电气连接关系图。
如图1所示，在图中，电池系统1000包括高压控制盒BDU1100，高压保险丝FUSE1300，车端1200和电池包1400，其中电池包1400中包含 了四个模组，分别为1401、1402、1403和1404，在模组之间采用巴片进行连接，其中，巴片1501连接模组1401和模组1402，巴片1502连接模组1402和1403，巴片1503连接模组1403和模组1404。其中电池包1400中的每个模组包括多个串联的电芯，例如模组1401、1402、1403、1404中的每个可以包含8个串联的电芯。高压控制盒BDU1100的内部由高压继电器组成，用于控制整包高压回路的关断，高压保险丝FUSE1300用于发生短路等极限工况时断开高压回路。电池包中的模组通过BDU1100和FUSE1300连接到车端1200，为汽车供电。
根据本发明的一个或多个实施例，图1中的电池包可以包含多个模组，并不限于图1中所示出的四个模组，而且每个模组中也可以包含多个串联的电芯，并且每个模组中的电芯数量可以相同或不同。
图2为本申请一些实施例的电池包中包含跨模组巴片时的电压采集装置与各电芯的连接方式的示意图2000。
如图2所示，图2000为包含跨模组巴片和电压采样装置的电池包1400中的连接方式图，图2000包括电压采集装置2001、电压采样装置2002、电压采样装置2003，其中电压采样装置2001、2002和2003可以为AFE芯片，其分别对电池包的模组1401、1402、1403和1404中的电芯进行采样，电压采样装置2001具有采样端S01-S09，电压采样装置S2002具有采样端S10-S19，电压采样装置S2003具有采样端S20-S34。其中模组1401包括电芯C11-C18，模组1402包括电芯C22-C28，模组1403包括电芯C31-C38，模组1404包括电芯C41-C48。巴片1501位于模组1401和1402之间，巴片1502位于模组1402和1403之间，巴片1503位于模组1403和1404之间。电压采集装置2001、电压采集装置2002和电压采集装置2003通过采样端采集模组中1401、1402、1403和1404的电芯正极和负极之间的电压并计算差值来获取电芯的采样电压，例如电压采样装置2001通过采样端S01和S02来采集电芯C48的采样电压，即电芯C48的采样电压为：通过采样端S01从C48正极获取的采样电压值减去通过采样端S02从电芯C48负极获取的采样电压值。电压采样装置2001对电芯C48的采样通道为采样端S01所连接的C48的正极到采样端S02所连接的C48的负极。
根据本发明的一个或多个实施例，如图2所示，巴片1503位于电压 采样装置2001的采样端S09和电压采集装置2002的采样端S10之间，由于巴片1503位于两个不同的电压采集装置2001和2002之间，那么对于模组1404中的电芯的电压可以直接通过采样端S01至S09采样端的电压以及采样端S10的采样电压来获取，由于通过电压采样装置2001全部采样端和电压采样装置2002采样端S10的采样电压能够准确获取模组1404中所有电芯的采样电压，因此对于模组1404中的电芯不需要进行采样电压补偿。另外，巴片1502位于模组1403和1402之间，并且巴片1502位于电压采样装置2002的采样端S17和S18之间，即位于电压采样装置2002、采样端S17和采样端S18构成的电压通道之间，当获取模组1403和1402中电芯的采样电压时，需要计算巴片1502处的阻抗电压，对电芯的采样电压进行补偿，例如，当电池包流通放电电流时，在获取电芯C31处的电压时，需要将考虑巴片1502的阻抗电压，即电芯C31处的真实电压为：(采样端S17的采样电压值-采样端S18处的采样电压值)+(巴片1502的阻抗值*流过巴片1502的电流值)，因此，巴片1502为跨模组巴片，通过获取跨模组巴片1502的阻抗电压(即巴片1502的阻抗值*流过巴片1502的电流值)来对电芯C31的采样电压进行补偿，以获取电芯C31处的真实电压。例如，当电池包流通充电电流时，上述对C31真实电压的计算为：(采样端S17的采样电压值-采样端S18处的采样电压值)-(巴片1502的阻抗值*流过巴片1502的电流值)。同样，巴片1501位于电压采样装置2003的采样通道S25和S26之间，当获取模组1501和1502中电芯的采样电压时，需要计算巴片1501处的阻抗电压，对模组1401中的电芯的采样电压进行补偿。
图3为本申请一些实施例的电芯采样电压补偿方案的流程图3000。
如图1-3所示，根据图1和图2的电池系统中电芯、巴片和电压采样装置的布置结构，通过电压采集装置(例如电压采样装2001、电压采样装置2002和电压采样装置2003)测量电池包(例如电池包1400)内模组(例如模组1401-1404)中所包含的电芯(例如C11-C18)的采样电压，如图2所示，电压采集装置(例如2001、电压采样装置2002和电压采样装置2003)通过采样端口(例如S01-S34)与电池包(例如电池包1400)中串联连接的电芯(例如C11-C48)电连接，其中，电池包包括多个模组(例如电池 包1400包括模组1401、1402、1403和1404)，每个模组(例如1401、1402、1403和1404)中包括多个电芯(C11-C48)，跨模组巴片(例如巴片1501或1502)连接所述电池包中不同的模组(即跨模组巴片1501连接模组1401和1402，跨模组巴片1502连接模组1402和1403)，跨模组巴片(例如巴片1501)位于电压采集装置(例如电压采集装置2003)的采样通之间。例如，巴片1501位于由电压采集装置2001、采样端口S25、S25构成的采样通道之间，跨模组巴片1502位于电压采集装置2002的采样通道之间，即电压采集装置2002、采样端口S17、S18构成的采样通道之间。
根据本发明的一个或多个实施例，电芯采样电压补偿方案的流程图3000包括步骤：
3001：在确认与电压采集装置(例如电压采样装置2001、2002和2003)所连接的所有电芯(例如C11-C48)处于正常状态后，对电池包(例如电池包1400)以预设电流I进行充电或放电，
3002：使用电压采集装置(例如电压采样装置2001、2002和2003)获取电芯(例如C11-C48)的采样电压值；
3003：根据所获取的电芯(例如C11-C48)的采样电压值，在模组(例如模组1401或1402)中确定需要进行采样电压补偿的电芯(例如图2中的C31或C21)，并计算跨模组巴片(例如1501或1502)的阻抗电压；
3004：根据所述跨模组巴片(例如1501或1502)的阻抗电压对所述需要进行电压补偿的电芯(例如C31或C21)进行采样电压补偿。
通过检测电池包中模组内各个电芯是否正常，再通过稳定的电流I来对电池包进行充电或者放电，能够定位需要进行采样电压补偿的电芯在模组中的位置。通过确定跨模组巴片的阻抗和其上的阻抗电压，对需要进行采样电压补偿的电芯位置处的采样电压进行补偿，使得采样装置采集到的电芯电压与电芯实际的电压一致。
根据本发明的一个或多个实施例，通过在电池包(例如电池包1400)中所有电芯(例如电芯C11-C48)流通稳定的电流值，并持续预定的时间Ts来对电池包(例如1400)中的电芯进行充电或放电。其中，预设电流I与持续时间Ts需要根据电芯特性确认，一般预设电流I在满足一倍以上的电芯电量即可，在实际检测过程中，具体要根据不同电芯特性确认。
通过流过一个较大的电流，例如一倍以上电芯的电量值，可以使模组巴片对电压的影响暴露出来，通过设定的时间Ts使得电芯充分极化，各个电芯之间的极化现象更稳定。
根据本发明的一个或多个实施例，预设的电流I值可以设置为大于流过电池包中电芯1c充放电的电流值。
其中，预设电流I可设置为大于电池包单体电芯容量1c充放电的电流值，1c充放电的电流值为电芯在1小时完全充满或者完全放电的电流值。例如，电池包内的电芯是200AH的容量，那I可设置为≥200A。此外，I值在测试过程中需要稳定，比如根据单体电芯的容量，可以是稳定的300A也可以是稳定的350A在实际的检测过程中，一般Ts为10s左右。
若满足以上充放电的电流条件，即可对需要进行采样电压进行补偿的电芯进行定位和计算出跨模组巴片对采样电压的影响。
根据本发明的一个或多个实施例，预设的电流I为一个稳定的电流值，通过设置稳定的电流值，便于在检测过程中根据电压采样装置准确检测到各个电芯的电压采样值。
根据本发明的一个或多个实施例，在对模组(例如模组1401和模组1402)中需要进行采样电压的电芯进行补偿时，需要计算模组内每个电芯的采样电压与该模组内所有电芯的平均采样电压的差值，将该差值大于阈值的电芯确定为需要进行采样电压补偿的电芯。
具体地，例如：当以预设的稳定的电流I对电池包(例如电池包1400)进行充电或放电时，计算电池包同一模组内(例如模组1401或1402)所有电芯的平均电压Vavg1，并根据电压采样装置在采样端(或采样点)处的电压计算该模组内每个电芯电压Vcelln(n表示该模组内第n个电芯，n从1开始)，计算Vcelln与该模组中电芯采样电压的平均值Vavg2的压差△V1是否满足△V1＞Y(mv)，其中Y为第一阈值，满足该条件的电芯认为是需要进行采样电压补偿的电芯。其中△V1大于Y(mv)表示在模组内第n个电芯需要进行采样电压补偿，其中Y为根据实验测试的预设的阈值，Y＝I*R，R为根据实验测试数据而获得的阻抗值，例如R可设置为0.05mΩ。
通过上述的计算方法，能够准确地定位需要进行采样电压补偿的电 芯，并准确获得跨模组巴片的阻抗值，从而更有效地获取跨模组巴片处的采样电压。
在确定了需要进行采样电压补偿的电芯后，计算所述需要进行采样电压补偿的电芯的采样电压与在模组中剔除该需要进行采用电压补偿的电芯后剩余电芯的平均采样电压的差值，根据该差值和所述预设电流确定所述跨模组巴片的阻抗R 巴片，根据流过所述跨模组巴片的电流和所述跨模组巴片的阻抗R 巴片来确定跨模组巴片的阻抗电压。
具体地，计算需要进行采样补偿的电芯处的跨模组巴片的阻抗R 巴片(mΩ)的方法为：计算剔除需要进行采样电压补偿的电芯的模组内剩余电芯的平均采样电压Vavg2，并计算需要进行采样电压补偿的电芯的采样电压与上述Vavg2的电压差值△V2，根据△V2来计算跨模组巴片的阻抗R 巴 片，R 巴片＝△V2/I。此外，根据欧姆定律，通过流过该巴片的电流和该跨模组巴片的阻抗R 巴片来确定跨模组巴片的阻抗电压，用该阻抗电压来补偿需要进行采样补偿的电芯的采样电压。其中，计算压差的目的是为了去除需补偿电芯电压避免引入巴片误差。
在进行上述计算时，通过将需要进行采样电压补偿的电芯从模组中剔除，其目的是为了更精确地计算出模组的平均采样电压，从而确定出电压差△V2，从而去除需补偿电芯电压，避免引入巴片电压的误差。
根据本发明的一个或多个实施例，记录跨模组巴片的阻抗R 巴片，根据多次记录的跨模组巴片的阻抗来预测跨模组巴片的状态。
例如，通过电池管理系统的软件可记录每次计算的跨模组巴片的阻抗值，并对记录的跨模组巴片的阻抗值进行比较，确认是否有变大的趋势，然后进行进行巴片状态预测。通常巴片状态可能为巴片本体及巴片接触面老化、固定螺栓松动等状态。此外如果巴片的固定螺栓松动了就导致电阻增加，因为在非人为操作情况下，螺栓松动是一个缓慢变化过程，所以可以通过多次采集巴片的阻抗值实现对其状态进行检测。
根据本发明的一个或多个实施例，确定或判断电池包中电芯是否处于正常状态的过程为：在电池包处于静置状态时，当模组中每个电芯的采样电压与所述模组中所有电芯的平均采样电压的差值均小于预设阈值时，确定所述模组中所有电芯处于正常状态。
具体地，当电池包处于静置状态一段时间后，例如0.5小时，当首次使用电池包时，计算电池包模组内各个电芯的采样电压与模组内所有电芯的平均采样电压Vavg3的电压差△V3，并判断△V3＜X(mv)是否成立，其中X为预设的阈值，X为根据电池包中电芯的特性确认电芯否正常的压差值，通过使用该预设阈值X，可用于过滤掉在静置状态电池包中电芯的异常电压，通常在实际检测过程中，X一般可设置为50(mv)，其设置是具体要根据不同电芯特性确认。
通过对静置状态的电池包中的电芯是否处于正常状态的判断，能够确保在对需要进行采样电压补偿的电芯定位的准确，如果电池包中的电芯处于非正常状态时，该电池包的中非正常状态的电芯本身就会导致采样电压的不准确。
根据本发明的一个或多个实施例，当电池包的SOC处于预设区间时，使得电池包处于静置状态，静置状态即流过电池包的电流为静置电流，该静置电流通常为一个较小的电流值。
其中，使得电池包处于静置状态为没有电流或者电流比较小的时候，保证电芯因为电流导致的极化效应消退，此时电压是正常的静态电压。
根据本发明的一个或多个实施例，该静置电流小于5A。
其中5A为一个较小的静态电流，通过设置5A的电流能够获得正常的静态电压值，更有利于对电芯正常状态的判断。
根据本发明的一个或多个实施例，电池包的SOC在30-80％之间，使得电池包处于静置状态。
使得电池包的SOC在固定的上述区间内时，其目的是为了保证电池包在正常工作条件下检测电芯是否处于正常状态。
根据本发明的一个或多个实施例，当电池包中所有电芯处于正常状态时，电池管理系统将电池包的条件测试标志位设置为1。通常对电池包的条件检测标志设置在电池管理系统的软件中。
设置条件条件测试标志的目的是使得电池管理系统对电池包的电芯进行操作时，通过检测或设置标志位来直接进行确认，从而进行后续电池管理的操作。
在使用电池包时，当电池管理系统的软件检测到电池包的条件测试标 志位为1时，确定电池包中所有电芯是否处于正常状态，如果至少一个电芯不处于正常状态时，则将电池包的条件测试标志位设置为0，并重新检测电池包中所有电芯是否处于正常状态，当确定电池包中所有电芯处于正常状态时，将电池包的条件测试标志位重置为1。当电池包内所有的电芯处于正常状态时，可开始跨模组巴片的阻抗检测和计算操作。
通过使用时检测电池包中的条件测试标志位，并且检测电芯是否处于正常状态，使得电池管理系统在使使用电池包进行后续操作时更加安全可靠。
根据本发明的一个或多个实施例，电池包中模组内的各个电芯为相同类型的电芯。
电池包中各个模组内的电芯是相同类型的电芯时，上述对于电芯采样电压的计算更加方便，并且阈值的设置也更为合理。
表1为根据电芯电压补偿方案的电池包实测数据表。
表1中列出了实际测试中电池包中，以电芯N31-N40为例，随着时间变化的采样电压值，表中还包括了电池包的电压，电流、电芯电压最大和最小值、以及电池的SOC状态；其中在图4中还示出了实测数据中电芯采样电压随时间关系的变化图4000。
如表1所示，在电池包处于静置状态下，电池包中的电芯电压(如图8中左侧的表格第174行)都处于稳定的水平，各个电芯与其电池包模组内电芯平均电压Vavg1(Vavg1＝3295.8mv，即表1中第174行中电芯N31-N40采样电压的均值)的差值小于50mv。其满足所有电芯处于正常状态时确定需要进行采样电压补偿的电芯的检测条件，此时，将电池包的条件测试标志位设置为1。其中，表1中第1列的数字1表示电源管理软件内部设计的标记，满足电芯在静置状态情况下电压一致性高的时候则将该标记位设置为1，表示可触发修正。
表1根据电芯电压补偿方案的电池包实测数据表
Figure PCTCN2021123018-appb-000001
如表1所示，在使用预设电流I(图4中I＝400A)来对电池包进行充电或放电操作时，计算表1中第204行数据的Vavg2(Vavg2＝3070.3mv)。除了对N40号电芯的电压Vcell40(Vcell40＝3000mv)与Vavg2的差值V2＝70.3mv＞Y＝I*R＝20mv外，其他电芯的电压与电池包模组中电芯平均电压的差值都小于Y，那么此时可以判断N40号电芯的采样电压需要进行电压补偿。从图4中可以看出，N40号电芯的电压随着时间的变化持续小于模组内其他电芯的电压。
如表1所示，计算剔除需要补偿N40号电芯的采样电压计数剩余模组电芯的平均电压为Vavg3(Vavg3＝3078.1mv)，计算N40号电芯采样电压与Vavg3的压差△V3(△V3＝78.1mv)，从而可以计算出补偿的巴片阻抗R 巴片＝78.1mV/400A＝0.195mΩ。
将巴片的阻抗值存入内存，后续根据欧姆定理即可算出巴片的电压，用巴片的阻抗电压对电芯的采样电压进行补偿即可。
其中，表1中的第204行，N40号电芯的采样电压Vcell40＝3000mv，经过补偿后的有效电压为：3000mv+400A*0.195mΩ＝3078.1mv，即该值为剔除巴片阻抗影响的N40号电芯的实际采样电压。
图5为本申请一些实施例的电芯采样电压补偿装置的框图。
如图5所示，本发明的电芯采样电压的补偿装置5000包括存储器5100和处理器5200，存储器5100存储有计算机程序5300，处理器5200用于：当执行计算机程序时，实现本申请上述的电芯采样电压的补偿方法。
根据本发明的一个或多个实施例，可以使用存储在非暂时性计算机和/或机器可读介质(例如，存储器5100可以为硬盘驱动器、闪存、只读存储器、光盘、数字多功能磁盘、高速缓存、随机存取存储器和/或任何其他存储设备或存储磁盘)上的编码的计算机程序5300(例如，计算机和/或机器可读指令)来实现如本发明以上方法的处理，在非暂时性计算机和/或机器可读介质中存储任何时间期间(例如，延长的时间段、永久的、短暂的实例、临时缓存和/或信息高速缓存)的信息。如本文所使用的，术语“非暂时性计算机可读介质”被明确定义为包括任何类型的计算机可读存储设备和/或存储盘，并且排除传播信号并排除传输介质。
根据本发明的一个或多个实施例，电芯采样电压的补偿装置5000的处理器5200也可以在内部包含有非暂时性计算机可读介质。处理器5200可以诸如但不限于一个或多个单核或多核处理器。(一个或多个)处理器可包括通用处理器和专用处理器(例如，图形处理器、应用处理器等)的任何组合。处理器可与其耦接和/或可包括计存储器/存储装置，并且可被配置为执行存储在存储器/存储装置中的指令，以实现在本发明中芯采样电压的补偿装置5000上运行的各种应用和/或操作系统。
图6为本申请一些实施例的用电装置的框图。
如图6所示，用电装置6000包括电池包6001和本发明上述的电芯采样电压的补偿装置5000。电池包中包括了多个模组(例如1401,1402和1403)，每个模组中包含了多个单体电芯(例如C11-C48)。用电装置用于提供电能。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的范围，其均应涵盖在本申请的权利要求和说明书的范围当中。尤其是，只要不存 在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种电芯采样电压的补偿方法，其中，通过电压采集装置测量所述电芯采样电压，所述电压采集装置与电池包中串联连接的多个电芯电连接，所述电池包包括多个模组，每个模组中包括多个电芯，至少一个跨模组巴片连接所述电池包中不同的模组，并位于所述电压采集装置的采样通之间，所述方法包括以下步骤：
    在确认与所述电压采集装置所连接的所有电芯处于正常状态后，对所述电池包以预设电流进行充电或放电，通过所述电压采集装置获取所述多个电芯的采样电压值；
    根据所获取的所述多个电芯的采样电压值，在所述多个模组中确定需要进行采样电压补偿的电芯，并计算所述跨模组巴片的阻抗电压；
    根据所述跨模组巴片的阻抗电压对所述需要进行电压补偿的电芯进行采样电压补偿。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，对所述电池包以预设电流进行充电或放电包括：在所述电池包中的所有电芯中流通所述预设电流并持续预定时间。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中，所述预设电流大于电芯1c充放电的电流值，其中所述1c充放电的电流值为电芯在1小时完全充满或者完全放电的电流值。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的方法，其中所述预设电流在充电或放电过程中为稳定值。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，在所述多个模组中确定需要进行采样电压补偿的电芯包括：
    计算模组内每个电芯的采样电压与该模组中所有电芯的平均采样电压的差值，将该差值大于第一预设的阈值的电芯确定为需要进行采样电压补偿的电芯。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的方法，其中计算所述跨模组巴片的阻抗电压包括：
    计算所述需要进行采样电压补偿的电芯的采样电压与在模组中剔除该需要进行采用电压补偿的电芯后剩余电芯的平均采样电压的差值，根据该差值和所述预设电流确定所述跨模组巴片的阻抗，根据流过所述跨模组巴片的电流和所述跨模组巴片的阻抗来确定所述跨模组巴片的阻抗电压。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的方法，记录所述跨模组巴片的阻抗，根据多次记录的所述跨模组巴片的阻抗来预测所述跨模组巴片的状态。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，还包括判断电芯是否处于正常状态的步骤，
    其中，在所述电池包处于静置状态时，当所述模组中每个电芯的采样电压与所述模组中所有电芯的平均采样电压的差值均小于第二预设的阈值时，确定所述模组中所有电芯处于正常状态。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的方法，其中所述电池包处于静置状态包括：当所述电池包的SOC处于预设区间时，所述电池包的流通电流为静置电流。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的方法，其中所述静置电流小于5A。
  11. 根据权利要求8所述的方法，所述预设区间为所述电池包的SOC在30-80％之间。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，当所述电池包中所有电芯处于正常状态时，将所述电池包的条件测试标志位设置为1。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的方法，在使用所述电池包时，当所述电池 包的条件测试标志位为1时，确定所述电池包中所有电芯是否处于正常状态，如果至少一个电芯不处于正常状态时，则将所述电池包的条件测试标志位设置为0，并重新检测所述电池包中所有电芯是否处于正常状态，当确定所述电池包中所有电芯处于正常状态时，将所述电池包的条件测试标志位重置为1。
  14. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述电池包中的所有电芯为相同类型的电芯。
  15. 一种电芯采样电压的补偿装置，包括存储器和处理器，所述存储器存储有计算机程序，所述处理器用于：当执行所述计算机程序时，实现如权利要求1-14任一项所述的方法。
  16. 一种用电装置，包括：电池包以及根据权利要求15所述的装置，所述电池包用于提供电能。
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