WO2023057716A1 - Procede de synthese d'une poudre de diborure de titane - Google Patents
Procede de synthese d'une poudre de diborure de titane Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023057716A1 WO2023057716A1 PCT/FR2022/051873 FR2022051873W WO2023057716A1 WO 2023057716 A1 WO2023057716 A1 WO 2023057716A1 FR 2022051873 W FR2022051873 W FR 2022051873W WO 2023057716 A1 WO2023057716 A1 WO 2023057716A1
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 148
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
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- QYEXBYZXHDUPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N B#[Ti]#B Chemical compound B#[Ti]#B QYEXBYZXHDUPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 229910033181 TiB2 Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 229910052580 B4C Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron carbide Chemical compound B12B3B4C32B41 INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
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- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910007948 ZrB2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- PZKRHHZKOQZHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [B].[B].[Mg] Chemical compound [B].[B].[Mg] PZKRHHZKOQZHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- VWZIXVXBCBBRGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron;zirconium Chemical compound B#[Zr]#B VWZIXVXBCBBRGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 claims 4
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
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- GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoranthrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=C22)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- DXBHBZVCASKNBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Benz(a)anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3C=CC2=C1 DXBHBZVCASKNBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FMMWHPNWAFZXNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benz[a]pyrene Chemical compound C1=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=C(C=C3)C2=C2C3=CC=CC2=C1 FMMWHPNWAFZXNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GYFAGKUZYNFMBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzo[ghi]perylene Chemical group C1=CC(C2=C34)=CC=C3C=CC=C4C3=CC=CC4=CC=C1C2=C43 GYFAGKUZYNFMBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HAXBIWFMXWRORI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzo[k]fluoranthene Chemical compound C1=CC(C2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C22)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 HAXBIWFMXWRORI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001508 alkali metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000008045 alkali metal halides Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FTOVXSOBNPWTSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzo[b]fluoranthene Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C1C1=CC3=CC=CC=C3C3=C1C2=CC=C3 FTOVXSOBNPWTSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=CC3=CC=CC4=CC=C1C2=C43 BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- LHRCREOYAASXPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenz[a,h]anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C=C3C=CC=4C(C3=C3)=CC=CC=4)=C3C=CC2=C1 LHRCREOYAASXPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/58—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides
- C04B35/5805—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides based on borides
- C04B35/58064—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides based on borides based on refractory borides
- C04B35/58071—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides based on borides based on refractory borides based on titanium borides
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- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B35/00—Boron; Compounds thereof
- C01B35/02—Boron; Borides
- C01B35/04—Metal borides
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/62605—Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
- C04B35/62645—Thermal treatment of powders or mixtures thereof other than sintering
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
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- C04B35/62605—Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
- C04B35/62645—Thermal treatment of powders or mixtures thereof other than sintering
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/62605—Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
- C04B35/62645—Thermal treatment of powders or mixtures thereof other than sintering
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3201—Alkali metal oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
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- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3201—Alkali metal oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
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Definitions
- the invention relates to a new process for the manufacture or synthesis of titanium diboride.
- Titanium diboride is a ceramic material with low density (approximately 4.5 g/cm 3 ), high hardness, high thermal conductivity and low electrical resistivity. This makes it a potentially interesting material for several applications including armor and ballistic protection, refractory applications where thermal conduction and high electrical conduction are an asset, including heat exchangers, coating or even the composition of anodes or cathodes of electrolysis reactors, even membranes in certain temperature applications or in very aggressive chemical environments, but also metal melting crucibles, in particular non-ferrous metals, or even cutting tools.
- Titanium diboride can be obtained, for example, by direct reaction of titanium (or its oxides or hydrides) with elemental boron at 1000° C. or by carbothermic reduction of titanium oxide and boron oxide. In the latter case, the reaction consists in reacting a mixture of powders according to the following simplified reaction at a temperature above 1500°C:
- the titanium oxide source is generally a mineral source with a TiO 2 content greater than 95%.
- the carbon source is generally and preferably petroleum coke (residue from petroleum distillation) or even black carbon.
- Boron carbide is also a synthetic material available on the carbide powder market, in particular abrasives.
- the manufacturing processes for this material are all the more expensive and energy-consuming as the final titanium diboride powder obtained is fine (typically with a median diameter between 5 and 50 micrometers) or even ultrafine (median diameter less than 5 micrometers).
- Another solution for better controlling the reaction consists of a process with an excess of B 4 C of at least 10%, or even 20%, by mass relative to the stoichiometric theoretical quantity necessary for the reaction (1).
- This additional addition makes it possible to make up for the loss of boron in gaseous form at high temperature and reduces the presence of TiC and residual carbon, but penalizes the actual material yield of the process.
- the object of the invention is thus to improve the synthesis process described above and illustrated by equation (2), in order to obtain a fine pure TiB 2 powder, that is to say with a higher mass content at 95%, or even very pure, that is to say of purity greater than or equal to 98%, said powder having a low elemental content of oxygen and advantageously also a low elemental content of free carbon, while maintaining a material yield high, without resorting to an industrially too complex powder synthesis process.
- the present invention relates to an alternative process for manufacturing TiB 2 at a temperature below 2000° C. meeting this aim thanks to particular atmospheric conditions and an appropriate choice of starting powders without any catalyst additive or surfactant.
- the present invention relates to a process for manufacturing a TiB 2 powder, comprising the reduction of titanium oxide by carbon in the presence of a source of boron, said process consisting in heating a mixture of materials raw materials comprising, and preferably consisting of: a) a titanium oxide powder, preferably in the form of a powder whose mass content of TiO 2 is at least 95% by mass, and b) a source of carbon, preferably whose mass content of carbon is at least 90%, and c) a boron carbide powder preferably whose mass content of B4C is at least 90%, preferably at least 95 %,
- the median particle diameter of the boron carbide powder is between 5 and 100 micrometers
- the median particle diameter of the titanium oxide powder is between 5 and 80 micrometers, and - the excess boron carbide is less than 5% by mass, preferably less than 2% by mass, relative to the stoichiometric quantity necessary for said reaction (2),
- the synthesis is carried out in an enclosure under a flow of inert gas
- the rate of sweeping of the gas flow in said enclosure is between 0.5 and 10 L/min per m 3 of enclosure.
- the inert gas is brought, in the enclosure, into contact with the mixture of raw materials.
- the present invention resides in the choice not only of the particle size of the starting powders described previously but also in the selection of the preceding particular synthesis conditions, such a combination advantageously making it possible to obtain a fine TiBz powder of high purity with a material yield maximum, as will be described in more detail below.
- the median particle diameter of the boron carbide powder is greater than 7 micrometers, preferably greater than or equal to 10 micrometers,
- the median particle diameter of the boron carbide powder less than 80 micrometers, preferably less than 50 micrometers, or even less than 30 micrometers.
- the median particle diameter of the titanium oxide powder is greater than 7 micrometers, preferably greater than or equal to 10 micrometers.
- the median particle diameter of the boron carbide powder is greater than 7 micrometers and the median particle diameter of the titanium oxide powder is greater than 7 micrometers
- the median particle diameter (D50) of titanium oxide powder is less than 50 micrometers, or even less than 30 micrometers.
- the particle diameter D90 of the boron carbide powder is less than 100 micrometers, preferably less than 80 micrometers, preferably less than or equal to 50 micrometers, more preferably less than or equal to 40 micrometers, -
- the particle diameter D90 of the titanium oxide powder is less than 100 micrometers, preferably less than 80 micrometers, preferably less than or equal to 50 micrometers, more preferably less than or equal to 40 micrometers,
- the ratio of the median particle diameter of the boron carbide powder to the median particle diameter of the titanium oxide powder is greater than 0.8, preferably greater than or equal to 1.
- the ratio of the median particle diameter of the boron carbide powder to the median particle diameter of the titanium oxide powder is less than 5, preferably is less than 2.
- Titanium oxide powder is rutile or anatase powder, preferably rutile.
- the SiOz+ Al2O3 +ZrO2 mass content of the titanium oxide powder is less than 5%.
- the mass content of SiCh in the titanium oxide powder is preferably less than or equal to 2%.
- the mass content of Al2O3 in the titanium oxide powder is preferably less than or equal to 2%, preferably less than 1%.
- the mass ZrC content of the titanium oxide powder is preferably less than or equal to 1%.
- the elementary oxygen mass content of the boron carbide powder is less than or equal to 5%, preferably less than 3%, more preferably less than 2%.
- the carbon source is chosen from cokes, in particular petroleum, coal or biomass-derived coke, graphite or black carbon.
- the elementary carbon mass content of the carbon source is greater than 95%, preferably greater than 97%.
- the carbon source if it is in the form of coke, has undergone a dehydrogenation treatment such that its elementary mass content of hydrogen according to the ISO TS 12902 standard is less than 1% and very preferably less than 0.5% , or even less than 0.1%.
- the content is less than 10 ng/mg for each of the following PAH compounds: Naphthalene, Acenaphthene, Fluorene, Phenanthracene, Chrysene,
- the raw materials have been previously dried at a temperature between room temperature and 150°C.
- the synthesis temperature is greater than or equal to 1600°C and preferably less than 1800°C.
- the pressure of the enclosure is kept almost constant, for example between 0.5 and 1.5 bars and more preferably the enclosure is at atmospheric pressure (1 bar).
- the gas sweeping the enclosure in which the mixture is placed is preferably a noble gas, for example argon or helium, more preferably argon.
- the flow rate measured under normal pressure and temperature conditions is preferably from 0.5 to 5 L/min per m 3 of enclosure, preferably between 0.5 and 3 L/min per m 3 , preferably between 0. 5 and 2 L/min per m 3 of enclosure. Too little scanning leads to an incomplete reaction, more particularly to unwanted carbon residues present in the final titanium diboride powder. Too high a flow rate penalizes the yield of reaction (2) by requiring a higher energy input in order to accompany the chemical reaction kinetics.
- a gas flushing flow rate of 0.5 to 10 L/min per m 3 of enclosure is more particularly suitable for a reactor with an energy power typically comprised between 20 and 80 KW.
- Such a reactor makes it possible to heat a mixture of up to 500 g for an enclosure volume equal to 2.5 liters.
- An inert gas flushing rate of 0.005 to 1 L/min per m 3 of enclosure and per KW of heating power of the enclosure is particularly optimal, preferably between 0.01 and 0.5/min per m 3 of enclosure and per KW of heating power of the enclosure.
- an addition of alkali metal salt can be made, for example in proportions of between 0.5 and 15%, preferably between 5 and 15%, by mass of metal relative to the total mass of the carbon source, boron carbide powder particles and titanium oxide particles. This contribution reduces the presence of agglomerates in the powder of synthesis which are likely to disturb the step of firing the sintered ceramic body obtained from this TiBz synthesis powder.
- alkali metal salt of less than 0.5% is insufficient for a temperature above 1500°C, in particular between 1600 and 2000°C.
- An addition of more than 15% leads to excessive boron evaporation during the synthesis of TiBz powder.
- the alkali metal is chosen from Li, Na, K.
- the alkali metal salt is an alkali metal halide, preferably a chloride. More preferably, it is sodium chloride.
- the median size of the alkali metal salt particles is preferably between 0.5 and 100 micrometers, more preferably between 5 and 50 micrometers.
- the invention also relates to a TiBz powder obtained according to the preceding process.
- the median particle diameter of this powder is between 0.5 and 50 micrometers, and it comprises the following elementary contents by mass:
- the sum of oxygen (O)+nitrogen (N)+carbon (C) is less than 1.5%, or even less than or equal to 1.2%.
- a TiBz powder of high purity and defined particle size makes it possible to obtain, by sintering, a sintered ceramic body having a total porosity of less than 7% by volume without recourse to additions of transition metals such as Ni, Fe or Co which are likely to lead to the formation of secondary metal borides from these metals which are not desired.
- a powder obtained with the preceding process to which was applied during the synthesis of the powder an addition of alkali metal salt in the proportion as specified previously, has a very high homogeneity which results in a dispersion of very small crystal size.
- Such a powder makes it possible to obtain a sintered ceramic body in the form of a part of which at least one dimension, preferably all of the overall dimensions, is greater than 5 cm, or even greater than 10 cm, and having a total porosity also less than 7%, very narrow pore size distribution, no sintering deformation and no shrinkage crack.
- the TiBz powder according to the invention also comprises one or more of the following elementary contents by mass:
- Ti titanium
- O oxygen
- S sulfur
- phosphorus (P) less than 0.3%, preferably less than 0.2%, preferably less than 0.1%
- Si silicon
- Said TiBz powder further preferably comprises an SiC content of less than 1%, preferably less than 0.5%, and a TiC content of less than 1%, preferably less than 0.5%,
- the TiBz powder according to the invention does not comprise a crystallized phase such as B4C or TiC phases, or even TizCh, TI-3B4, SiC as measured (detectable) by X-ray diffraction.
- Said powder preferably comprises only a crystallized phase of TiBz, as measured (detectable) by X-ray diffraction.
- the invention also relates to a mixture comprising between 90 and 99.9% by weight or even consisting of the TiBz powder according to the invention and between 0.1 and 10% by weight of one or more sintering powders chosen from aluminum diboride, magnesium diboride, zirconium diboride, tungsten pentaboride, calcium hexaboride, silicon hexaboride, preferably the purity of which is greater than 95% by mass, preferably greater than 98% en masse.
- Purity greater than 95% by mass means that of said phase or of the most stable main compound: for example in the case of a powder of aluminum diboride more than 95% by mass of AlBz or for a powder of tungsten pentaboride the fact that it contains more than 95% by mass of W2B5.
- the invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a sintered ceramic body comprising the following steps: a) preparation of a starting charge comprising:
- an aqueous solvent in particular deionized water
- shaping additives b) shaping of the starting charge in the form of a preform, preferably by pressing, c) demoulding after hardening or drying, d) optionally, drying of the preform , preferably so that the residual humidity is between 0 and 0.5% by weight, e) loading into an oven and baking the preform under an inert atmosphere, preferably under argon, or under vacuum, preferably at a temperature between 1600°C and 2200°C.
- the invention also relates to the sintered ceramic body thus obtained and the use of the sintered ceramic body obtained by the preceding process as all or part of a membrane, in particular for the filtration of liquids or gases, of shielding or of anti-ballistic protection element, of a refractory lining or block, of an anode lining or block or of a cathode lining or block, in particular of an electrolysis reactor, a heat exchanger, a melting crucible for metal, in particular non-ferrous metal, a cutting tool.
- the material yield is calculated by dividing the mass in TiBz of raw powder obtained divided by the theoretical mass in TiBz of raw powder which would have been obtained from that of the dry mixture of powder of the reagents (humidity less than 2%) before treatment thermal. For example, under stoichiometric conditions according to reaction (2), a yield of 100% corresponds to a mass of raw powder of 55.4 g starting from a mixture of 100 g composed of titanium oxide, carbon and carbide powders. of boron.
- raw powder is meant the powder obtained directly at the outlet of the enclosure after heating and reaction of the mixture and before any additional treatment such as screening or grinding for example.
- the median diameter (or the median "size") of the particles constituting a powder is given within the meaning of the present invention by a characterization of the particle size distribution, in particular by means of a laser particle sizer.
- the characterization of the particle size distribution is conventionally carried out with a laser particle sizer in accordance with the ISO 13320-1 standard.
- the laser particle sizer can be, for example, a Partica LA-950 from the company HORIBA.
- the median diameter of the particles designates respectively the diameter of the particles above below which is 50% by mass of the population.
- the percentile D50 that is to say the size dividing the particles into first and second populations equal in volume, these first and second populations comprising only particles having a size greater than, or less than, respectively, the median size.
- the elementary chemical contents can be determined according to the ISO 21068 standard of 2008.
- the O, N C, and S contents are measured by a LECO® brand analyzer, - the Si, alkali, alkaline-earth Fe, P contents can be determined by ICP ("Induction Coupled Plasma"),
- the B and Ti contents are preferably determined by ICP.
- the total porosity of a ceramic body is the ratio, expressed as a percentage, of the apparent density measured for example according to ISO18754 on the absolute density measured for example according to ISO5018.
- Figure 1 shows the raw powder after synthesis without addition of NaCl according to example 2 according to the invention.
- Figure 2 shows the raw powder after synthesis with addition of NaCl according to example 4 according to the invention.
- Figure 3 shows a reactor 1 allowing the implementation of the present process, comprising an enclosure 2 in order to sweep the mixture 3 with an inert gas 4 by heating it to obtain the raw powder according to the invention.
- the starting mixture comprising a carbon source (for example black carbon whose mass content of C is greater than 90%, preferably greater than 95%), a titanium oxide powder (for example a powder of rutile or anatase whose mass content of TiCh is greater than 95%) and a boron carbide powder (for example a powder whose mass content of B4C is greater than 90%), is carried out under standard conditions for man of the art. 'art.
- This step of preparing the dry mix allows intimate contact of the particles. According to one possible mode, it is carried out in a mixer with rubber balls or in a mixer of the tumbler type or other devices known to those skilled in the art.
- a preliminary co-grinding can be carried out to adjust the particle size of the starting raw materials if necessary.
- the median particle sizes of boron carbide, titanium oxide and carbon are respectively between 10 and 100 micrometers, between 5 and 80 micrometers and between 0.1 and 1 micrometer.
- the median particle size of boron carbide and titanium oxide is greater than 7 micrometers, greater than 8 micrometers, greater than 9 micrometers and/or less than 70 micrometers, less than 50 micrometers, less than 30 micrometers .
- the median size ratio of the boron carbide and titanium oxide particles is between 0.8 and 1.2.
- a mixture according to the invention comprises in mass proportion respectively 62 to 65% of titanium oxide, 21 to 23% of boron carbide and 13 to 15% of carbon, in particular in the form of carbon black (carbon black ).
- the mixture according to the invention has an excess of B4C of less than 5% relative to the stoichiometry of reaction (2), calculated according to the invention on the basis of the quantity of TiCL introduced into said mixture.
- an alkali metal salt preferably an alkali metal halide, in particular NaCl
- an alkali metal halide in particular NaCl
- the mixture is preferably dried in air, preferably at a temperature above 40° C., more preferably at a temperature above 100° C., in order to obtain a mixture whose moisture content is less than 2%, preferably less than 1%.
- the mixture is placed in an enclosure in the form of an inert crucible 2, preferably made of graphite, open in order to sweep the inert gas 4 through it, the assembly being placed for example in an induction furnace 1 as shown in Figure 3 attached.
- the induction furnace 1 is equipped with copper coils 5 placed around a quartz tube 6 inside which is placed a fibrous thermal insulator 7 and a graphite susceptor 8.
- the inert gas is supplied by a distributor 9.
- a dewatering 10 allows the circulation of the inert gas and recovery of the reaction gases, mainly CO.
- the untamped density of the mixture before heat treatment measured according to the ASTM D7481 - 18 standard is preferably greater than 0.5, greater than 0.6, greater than 0.7 and/or preferably less than 2.0, less than 1.8.
- the volume of mixture represents less than 30% of the total volume of the enclosure in order to improve the circulation of the inert gas and the evolution of the gases produced by the reaction (2).
- a rise in temperature is carried out up to at least 1500° C., preferably at least 1600° C. under an inert atmosphere, preferably underflushing of an inert gas, in particular Argon, the gas being brought into contact with the blend.
- the inert gas flushing is carried out at a normal flow rate of 0.5 and 5 L/min per m 3 of enclosure, preferably between 0.5 and 3 L/min/m 3 , preferably between 0. 5 and 2 L/min/m 3 of enclosure.
- the rise in temperature is less than 20° C./minute, preferably less than 10° C./minute.
- This temperature rise ramp like the duration of the plateau, can be adjusted according to the volume of mixture and the power of the reactor.
- the maximum heat treatment temperature is preferably between 1600 and 2000°C, preferably between 1600 and 1800°C.
- the plateau at the maximum temperature is at least one hour, preferably at least two hours.
- an intermediate plateau is produced between 600 and 1000° C. and/or a lower ramp, typically at least twice as weak, is performed after 600° C. in order to avoid decohesion of the mixture and promote the reaction between the particles.
- the cooling can be free or forced, preferably according to a negative ramp of less than 20° C./min.
- the material yield is greater than 80%, or even greater than 90% or even greater than 95%, or even greater than or equal to 98%.
- the raw powder obtained called "crude” in English has a particle size typically between 10 and 100 micrometers.
- a sieving or even light crushing or vibration operation makes it possible to eliminate agglomerations and to obtain a finely divided powder whose median diameter is between 0.5 and 50 micrometers of high purity and very homogeneous. After grinding, it is possible to obtain a powder of micron size whose size dispersion is very reduced due to a narrow crystallite size.
- a powder obtained with the previous process to which was applied during the synthesis of the powder an addition of alkali metal salt in the proportion as specified above, has a very high homogeneity which results in an even lower crystal size dispersion. .
- the final TiBz powder has in particular a high purity and a dispersion of very reduced particle size making it possible to obtain, by sintering, a sintered ceramic body having a total porosity of less than 7% by volume without recourse to additions of transition metals such as than Ni, Fe or Co while having a very low electrical resistivity.
- the powder obtained according to the process of the invention also makes it possible to obtain a sintered ceramic body in the form of a part, all the dimensions of which are at least one dimension greater than 5 cm without deformation on sintering and without shrinkage cracks.
- a process for manufacturing a sintered ceramic body using the powder according to the invention comprises in particular the following steps: a) preparation of a starting charge comprising:
- the TiBz powder according to the invention or a mixture of powders as described above, comprising said powder and one or more sintering powders, in particular chosen from powders of aluminum diboride, magnesium diboride, zirconium diboride , tungsten pentaboride, calcium hexaboride, of silicon hexaboride, the purity of said TiBz powder being greater than 95% by mass, preferably greater than 98% by mass, said TiBz powder preferably representing at least 90% of the total mass of the filler.
- sintering powders in particular chosen from powders of aluminum diboride, magnesium diboride, zirconium diboride , tungsten pentaboride, calcium hexaboride, of silicon hexaboride, the purity of said TiBz powder being greater than 95% by mass, preferably greater than 98% by mass, said TiBz powder preferably representing at least 90% of the total mass of the filler.
- an aqueous solvent in particular deionized water, preferably representing: i. less than 20% of the total mass of the load in the case of shaping by casting, ii. less than 15% of the total mass of the load in the case of shaping by extrusion, iii. less than 10%, preferably less than 7% of the total mass of the filler in the case of shaping by pressing,
- shaping additives such as binders such as PVA (polyvinylalcohol), plasticizers (such as polyethylene glycol), lubricants, b) shaping of the starting charge in the form of a preform , preferably by pressing, extrusion or casting, c) demoulding after hardening or drying, d) optionally, drying the preform, preferably so that the residual moisture is between 0 and 0.5% by weight, e) loading into an oven and baking the preform under an inert atmosphere, preferably under argon, or under vacuum, preferably at a temperature between 1600°C and 2200°C, preferably according to a temperature rise ramp less than 20°C/minute, preferably less than 10°C/minute. This temperature rise ramp, like the duration of the plateau, can be adjusted according to the volume of mixture and the power of the reactor.
- binders such as PVA (polyvinylalcohol), plasticizers (such as polyethylene glycol), lubricants
- PVA polyvinylalco
- any shaping technique known to those skilled in the art can be applied depending on the size of the part to be produced, provided that all precautions are taken to avoid contamination of the preform.
- casting in a plaster mold can be adapted by using graphite media between the mold and the preform or oils avoiding too intimate contact and abrasion of the mold by the mixture and ultimately contamination of the preform.
- These usage precautions mastered by those skilled in the art are also applicable to other process steps.
- the mold or the matrix used containing the preform will preferably be made of graphite.
- Hot pressing or “Hot Pressing”
- hot isostatic pressing or “Hot Isostatic Pressing”
- SPS spark Plasma Sintering
- the starting mixture was made with a titanium oxide powder with a mass content greater than 95% TiCL and a median diameter D50 of 0.8 ⁇ m mainly in a crystallographic form of rutile, a B4C powder with a higher mass content to 98% of B4C and with a median diameter D50 equal to 7 ⁇ m and petroleum coke, according to the following respective mass proportions 64.53% of TiCL, 22.59% of B4C and 12.89% of C.
- Such a mixture corresponds to an excess of boron carbide of 1.2%.
- An isopropanol solvent was added in order to then obtain granules according to the teaching of the publication of the journal International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials 25 (2007) page 345-350 by C. Subramanian et al.
- the starting powders consist of a titanium oxide powder with a mass content greater than 95% of TiCL (the remainder being essentially S1O2 ⁇ 2%, Al2O3 ⁇ 2%, Zr ⁇ 2 ⁇ 1%, and traces of Fe ) and a median diameter D50 of 10 ⁇ m; a B4C powder with a mass content greater than 98% of B4C and a median diameter D50 of 15 ⁇ m and a black carbon powder with a median diameter D50 of 0.2 ⁇ m according to the following respective mass proportions 63.6% of TiCL, 22, 1% B4C and 14.3% C.
- Such a mixture corresponds to an excess of boron carbide of 0.5% compared to the stoichiometry of the reaction.
- Two samples of mixtures were placed in a graphite crucible described previously according to figure 3 serving as an enclosure subjected respectively to a heat treatment at 1600° C. and 1800° C. according to a plateau duration of 2 hours in a furnace under a sweep under Argon of 1.25 L/min/m 3 .
- the starting mixture was produced like that of Example 2, but the heat treatment was carried out without any particular sweeping and under a vacuum of 4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 mbar in an oven for a plateau period of 2 hours at a temperature of 1600° C.
- This example differs from example 2 in that the starting mixture comprises an additional addition of NaCl representing 10% by weight of the dry mixture before heat treatment at 1600°C.
- This example differs from example 2 in that the starting mixture comprises a titanium oxide powder of larger size before heat treatment at 2000°C.
- the powdery raw mixture is then lightly crushed and sieved in order to separate the agglomerates to obtain a powder of particles except for example 4 for which a simple sieving was sufficient.
- Example 2 differs from Example 2 according to the invention in that the sweep under Argon is set at 0.25 L/min/m 3 .
- This example differs from example 2 according to the invention in that a B4C powder of purity >98% of B4C by mass and of median diameter D50 of the order of 150 ⁇ m.
- Example 8 (comparative): This example differs from Example 2 according to the invention in that the respective mass proportions of titanium oxide powder, B4C powder and black carbon are as follows: 62.5% TiC, 23.2% of B4C and 14.3% of C. The excess of B4C with respect to the stoichiometry of the reaction is approximately 7.7%. The material yield was carried out according to the procedure described previously in the application. The process characteristics are grouped in the table
- Ceramic bodies were made from the powders according to examples 2, 4, 6 and 8 above (those obtained at 1600° C.) and two other ceramic bodies were made using the same process as described below but the first at from SE grade Hôganas commercial powder and the second from NF grade Japan New Metals powder.
- Each powder was mixed with 0.25% of a pressing additive (PVA) and 4.75% deionized water by mass relative to the mass of titanium diboride powder in order to be cold pressed under a pressure of 100 bars and to form a cylinder with a diameter of 30 mm and a thickness of 10 mm. After demoulding, each cylinder was dried at 110° C. for 24 hours then baked without pressure at a temperature of 1850° C. for 12 hours under Argon.
- PVA pressing additive
- the porosity of the sintered bodies obtained was determined by dividing the ratio expressed as a percentage of the apparent density measured for example according to ISO18754 over the absolute density measured according to ISO5018.
- the electrical resistivity is measured at room temperature (20° C) according to the Van der Pauw method at 4 points on a sample with a diameter of 20-30 mm and a thickness of 2.5 mm.
- the sintered bodies according to the invention have a very low resistivity and a porosity much lower than that of the bodies obtained with commercially available TiBz powders.
- the TiBz grains used have levels of contaminants (elementary oxygen, carbon and nitrogen in particular) much lower than those obtained by a method as described in the prior art.
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Citations (3)
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US4353885A (en) * | 1979-02-12 | 1982-10-12 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Titanium diboride article and method for preparing same |
US20090105062A1 (en) * | 2006-03-24 | 2009-04-23 | Esk Ceramics Gmbh & Co., Kg | Sintered Wear-Resistant Boride Material, Sinterable Powder Mixture, for Producing Said Material, Method for Producing the Material and Use Thereof |
CN109607557A (zh) * | 2019-02-18 | 2019-04-12 | 北京镭硼科技有限责任公司 | 一种高纯二硼化钛粉体的制备方法 |
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Patent Citations (3)
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US4353885A (en) * | 1979-02-12 | 1982-10-12 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Titanium diboride article and method for preparing same |
US20090105062A1 (en) * | 2006-03-24 | 2009-04-23 | Esk Ceramics Gmbh & Co., Kg | Sintered Wear-Resistant Boride Material, Sinterable Powder Mixture, for Producing Said Material, Method for Producing the Material and Use Thereof |
CN109607557A (zh) * | 2019-02-18 | 2019-04-12 | 北京镭硼科技有限责任公司 | 一种高纯二硼化钛粉体的制备方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (6)
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ATIYE NEKAHI ET AL: "Effect of KCl, NaCl and CaClmixture on volume combustion synthesis of TiBnanoparticles", MATERIALS RESEARCH BULLETIN, ELSEVIER, KIDLINGTON, GB, vol. 46, no. 9, 13 May 2011 (2011-05-13), pages 1377 - 1383, XP028242365, ISSN: 0025-5408, [retrieved on 20110520], DOI: 10.1016/J.MATERRESBULL.2011.05.013 * |
C.SUBRAMANIAN, JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS AND HARD MATERIALS, vol. 25, 2007, pages 345 - 350 |
FILIZ SAHIN, KUTLUHAN KURTOGLU, BORA DERIN, ONURALP YUECEL: "An investigation of TiB2 synthesis using TiO2/B4C/C powder mixture", PROCEEDINGS OF SESSIONS AND SYMPOSIA SPONSORED BY THE EXTRACTION & PROCESSING DIVISION (EPD) OF THE MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOCIETY (TMS), March 2008 (2008-03-01), pages 355 - 360, XP009535281, ISBN: 978-0-87339-715-5 * |
KRUTSKII YU L ET AL: "Synthesis of fine dispersed titanium diboride from nanofibrous carbon", CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL, ELSEVIER, AMSTERDAM, NL, vol. 43, no. 3, 22 November 2016 (2016-11-22), pages 3212 - 3217, XP029853147, ISSN: 0272-8842, DOI: 10.1016/J.CERAMINT.2016.11.146 * |
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