WO2023054953A1 - Moteur ou générateur apte à changer de vitesse et de plage d'efficacité en fonction de la vitesse - Google Patents

Moteur ou générateur apte à changer de vitesse et de plage d'efficacité en fonction de la vitesse Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023054953A1
WO2023054953A1 PCT/KR2022/013953 KR2022013953W WO2023054953A1 WO 2023054953 A1 WO2023054953 A1 WO 2023054953A1 KR 2022013953 W KR2022013953 W KR 2022013953W WO 2023054953 A1 WO2023054953 A1 WO 2023054953A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
switch
parallel
series
motor
star
Prior art date
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PCT/KR2022/013953
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English (en)
Korean (ko)
Inventor
성상준
Original Assignee
(주)루슨트코리아
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Publication of WO2023054953A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023054953A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
    • H02P25/16—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring
    • H02P25/18—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring with arrangements for switching the windings, e.g. with mechanical switches or relays
    • H02P25/20—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring with arrangements for switching the windings, e.g. with mechanical switches or relays for pole-changing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/06—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric generators; for synchronous capacitors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric motors
    • H02H7/085—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric motors against excessive load
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K19/00—Synchronous motors or generators
    • H02K19/16—Synchronous generators
    • H02K19/26—Synchronous generators characterised by the arrangement of exciting windings
    • H02K19/32—Synchronous generators characterised by the arrangement of exciting windings for pole-changing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/28—Layout of windings or of connections between windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
    • H02P25/16—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring
    • H02P25/18—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring with arrangements for switching the windings, e.g. with mechanical switches or relays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P29/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling electric motors, appropriate for both AC and DC motors
    • H02P29/02—Providing protection against overload without automatic interruption of supply
    • H02P29/024—Detecting a fault condition, e.g. short circuit, locked rotor, open circuit or loss of load
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P29/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling electric motors, appropriate for both AC and DC motors
    • H02P29/02—Providing protection against overload without automatic interruption of supply
    • H02P29/024—Detecting a fault condition, e.g. short circuit, locked rotor, open circuit or loss of load
    • H02P29/027—Detecting a fault condition, e.g. short circuit, locked rotor, open circuit or loss of load the fault being an over-current

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a motor or generator and a control method thereof.
  • a motor or generator has maximum efficiency at a specific speed.
  • Manufactured motors or generators require a change in the maximum efficiency range according to speed. This is an inherent characteristic of the motor and is determined during design.
  • Patent No. 10-0598445 additionally installs an auxiliary winding connected in parallel with the main winding in the spare space of each tooth of the slot stator separately from the existing main winding wound around the slot stator, and in the starting section, the main winding and the auxiliary winding Disclosed is a brushless DC motor of parallel winding method configured to use all the windings and to perform high-speed driving using only the main winding in the speed steady state section.
  • Patent No. 10-0132904 is a driving control method for an induction motor capable of generating constant power in a wide range of rotation. In the case of low speed, only the changeover switch is operated and current is passed through the branch winding, and at high speed, only the other changeover switch is operated and current is passed only to the other branch winding.
  • Japanese Patent Laid-open Publication No. 2016-086587 prevents overcurrent due to shift shock by providing a reserve load when changing the speed by changing series, parallel, star, and delta connections in the motor.
  • the reserve load (Z1, Z2, Z3) is used for the purpose of preventing such a momentary large transient current by being switched when star-delta connection is converted into a combination of R, L, and C. Therefore, the reserve load continues to flow when the switch is switched, which is a waste of current that is not used at all for the rotation of the motor and is used only for the purpose of mitigating the transient current, reducing the overall efficiency of the motor and increasing the cost. there is.
  • since it is connected in parallel with the load of the winding it actually creates a larger transient current than the current of the winding, so it can be seen that the transient current suppression effect is insufficient.
  • the spare loads (Z1, Z2, Z3) are removed, and the star connection switch 55 (55'), the delta connection switch (56) (56') and the switch operation method of claim 7 are used.
  • a pair of star and delta switches are turned on and off sequentially one by one with a time difference to suppress excessive current, and all current is used for rotation of the motor, so there is no waste of power, increasing efficiency and reducing costs bring effect
  • 2016-086587 wastes power to the reserve loads (Z1, Z2, Z3), but in the present invention, the star connection switch (55) (55') and one of the pair of delta connection switches (56, 56') operate, current flows in the winding and is used as a power source for rotating the motor, so there is no waste of power.
  • the cost of two low-current switches is cheaper than the cost of one high-current switch in terms of cost of the switch element, and there is no additional reserve load, so there is an effect of reducing cost and increasing efficiency.
  • the neutral point of the winding is separated during star connection.
  • neutral point separation is a necessary basic common sense. It has the effect of improving efficiency by preventing disharmony in the rotating magnetic field.
  • the present invention is a more advanced technology that increases efficiency, reduces cost, and does not have excessive current by reducing unnecessary power waste because there is no current of the reserve loads (Z1, Z2, Z3) and no neutral point potential difference current of each winding.
  • the present invention there is an advantage that operation is possible even if one of the pair of star delta switches is damaged.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a method and structure capable of increasing efficiency through speed change and operation in a maximum efficiency section only by operating an electrical switch in a motor or generator.
  • the present invention reduces the number of poles of the winding by the neutral point changeover switch 32 and the phase changeover switch 31 in a motor or generator, converts the phases in the forward direction, changes the speed, and changes the maximum efficiency accordingly.
  • a motor or generator capable of
  • the present invention is also a stator winding by the parallel switch 53, series switch 54, star connection switch 55 (55'), delta connection switch 56 (56') in a double stator motor or generator.
  • Each phase of is mutually connected in series, parallel, star, and delta, so that speed change and efficiency range change are possible, and two Provides a motor or generator characterized in that the windings are star-connected and delta-connected independently of each other, and are switched sequentially with a time difference during switching to prevent excessive current without a separate preliminary load and to separate the neutral point to increase efficiency according to speed change. do.
  • the present invention also relates to a single stator motor or generator
  • the two windings of each phase are independently star-connected and delta-connected by the star connection switch 55 (55') and the delta connection switch 56 (56'), and are switched sequentially with a time difference during switching to separate
  • a motor or generator characterized in that it prevents excessive current without a preliminary load and separates the neutral point to increase efficiency according to speed change.
  • overcurrent protection and semiconductor switch are protected by dividing each winding by two delta connection switches, and mutual neutral points are separated by two star connection switches to increase efficiency.
  • the difference between the series impedance and the parallel impedance can be reduced to reduce the speed difference and thereby reduce the maximum efficiency section difference, thereby increasing the efficiency.
  • the speed change step can be increased, thereby reducing the resulting speed difference and reducing the difference between the maximum efficiency intervals for each step.
  • the present invention is also a method of operating a switch to prevent damage to a controller and shutdown due to excessive current, the method comprising:
  • the present invention can increase the speed bandwidth of the motor, increase the overall operation efficiency by operating in the maximum efficiency range according to the speed from low speed to high speed, and increase safety and efficiency by not requiring high voltage for high speed rotation. Even in the generator, by operating in the maximum efficiency range, it is possible to increase the overall operation efficiency of the generator by electrically shifting according to the speed.
  • the permanent magnet rotor motor can be driven as an optimal generator by changing the winding according to the speed, so that the driving motor can be used as an efficient generator by switching without a separate generator, reducing cost, weight, and space result in savings.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional double stator motor
  • Figure 2a is a cross-sectional view of a pole number conversion motor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 2b, 2c, and 2d are stator development views of a pole number conversion motor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a driving electronic circuit diagram of a pole number conversion motor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a program flow chart of a pole number conversion motor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a series/parallel, star-delta conversion electronic circuit diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG 6 is an electronic circuit diagram in which tabs are provided in windings according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG 7 is an electronic circuit diagram in which internal slot windings of each phase of each stator winding can be divided in series and parallel according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a program flow chart according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • a pole number conversion method that reduces the number of poles and an impedance conversion method using series, parallel, delta, and star connection combinations of windings are used.
  • FIG. 2b A phase is wound on tees 1 and 2
  • B phase is wound on tees 2 and 3
  • C phase is wound on tees 3 and 4
  • up to the 24th tee is wound.
  • 2c is a winding in which the 8 poles of FIG. 2b are converted into 4 poles, with A phase (21) at Nos. 1 and 2, B phase (23') at Nos. 3 and 4, and C at Nos. 5 and 6.
  • the winding is reduced and changed to phase 24 to rotate with a 4-pole motor.
  • the B phase and the C phase are forward and the rotation direction does not change when the B phase and the C phase in FIG. 2B are interchanged. Therefore, as a method of exchanging them, there is a method of exchanging a hardware changeover switch or a software programmatic exchange.
  • 2d is a winding method in which the number of poles is reduced by half again in the same way, A phase (21) is wound on the 1st and 2nd tees, B phase (24') is wound on the 5th and 6th tees, and C is wound on the 9th and 10th tees.
  • Phase 25 is wound so that it can rotate as a two-pole machine. Therefore, the rotational speed is 4 times that of the initial winding, and the efficiency range also has the maximum efficiency at higher speeds, resulting in an effect that the speed of the motor increases and the efficiency range changes accordingly.
  • This winding method is a pole number conversion method suitable for induction motors.
  • FIG. 3 is an overall circuit diagram capable of driving the motor, including an inverter unit 30 generating three phases, a changeover switch 31 capable of exchanging phases B and C, and a neutral point short-circuit switch 32 capable of reducing the number of poles of windings.
  • the inverter unit 30 is shown in FIG. 3, it may be used in direct connection with a three-phase AC commercial power supply.
  • the changeover switch 31 when operated as a low-speed 8-pole system shorts the B phase of the power supply to the B (22) phase of the winding, and the C phase of the power supply shorts to the C (23) of the winding, and then shorts the neutral point.
  • the switch 32 operates with the maximum number of poles by applying electricity to all windings in an open state.
  • the changeover switch 31 exchanges the B phase of the power supply with the C phase 23 of the winding, and the C phase of the power supply with the B phase 22 of the winding, and the neutral point short-circuit switch 32a is short-circuited. to form a star line. Therefore, electricity is applied only to half of the entire winding, and the number of poles is reduced by half, resulting in high-speed rotation.
  • the changeover switch 31 is returned to the original position, the B phase of the power supply is short-circuited to the B (22) phase of the winding and the C phase of the power supply is short-circuited to the C (23) phase of the winding, then the neutral short-circuit switch ( 32b) is shorted to reduce the number of windings by half again, and the speed is doubled again to rotate at high speed and achieve maximum efficiency in the corresponding high-speed rotation section.
  • the circuit is disconnected to cut off the power, and then the neutral point short-circuit switch 32 is short-circuited and then the power is applied to the circuit again method is preferred.
  • phases B and C are mutually exchanged by a hardware mechanical switch, but if the inverter unit 30 is used without using a three-phase commercial power source, the phase can be easily switched with the program of the microprocessor inside the inverter. .
  • the program of the microprocessor By exchanging the waveforms of phase B and phase C programmatically, it is possible to easily convert the number of poles without a mechanical changeover switch 31.
  • the program of the microprocessor it is possible to exchange the B phase and the C phase by exchanging the input signal driving port of the semiconductor switch or exchanging the PWM signal of each phase.
  • the pole number conversion as described above has the effect of changing the speed of the motor and changing the maximum efficiency section accordingly.
  • a double stator motor it is a motor structure in which the rotor (3) is driven by the first stator winding (1) and the second stator winding (2).
  • a method of driving a double stator motor there is a method of changing the speed by changing the impedance by combining the two windings of each phase of the first stator winding (1) and the second stator winding (2) in series, parallel, star, and delta mutually.
  • the types of double stator motors are not shown, both radial flux motors and axial flux motors are the same.
  • first stator winding 1a and the second stator winding 2a can be connected in series and parallel by the parallel switch 53 and the series switch 54, and the star connection switch 55 ( 55'), star-delta connection by the delta connection switch 56, 56' enables four speed changes of series-star connection, parallel-star connection, series-delta connection, and parallel-delta connection, and maximum efficiency accordingly section can be changed.
  • the parallel switch 53 is open, the series switch 54 is short-circuited and connected in series, and the star connection switches 55 and 55' and the delta connection switch 56' are open.
  • the delta connection switch 56 is shorted so that phase A is connected to the power of phase C, phase B is connected to the power of phase A, and phase C is connected to the power of phase B to form a delta connection.
  • the parallel switch 53 is short-circuited with the power of each phase, the series switch 54 is open, the windings are connected in parallel, and the star-connection switch 55' is also short-circuited to form the second stator winding
  • Each phase of (2a) is short-circuited to the neutral point, and the star connection switch 55 is also short-circuited, so that each phase of the first stator winding 1a is also star-connected to the neutral point.
  • the star connection switch 55' separates the neutral points of the first stator winding and the second stator winding to operate independently to prevent the flow of current due to the neutral point potential difference. This is to make up for this, since it is impossible to realistically wind each phase so that the three-phase equilibrium is achieved, and thus a slight potential difference is generated and current flows, which is a problem that lowers efficiency.
  • the first stator winding and the second stator winding can be operated in a parallel-star connection by operating the switch as described above.
  • the first stator winding and the second stator winding are connected in parallel with the parallel switch 53 shorted and the series switch 54 open, and the star connection switches 55 and 55' is open and the delta connection switches 56 and 56' are shorted, whereby phase A is connected to the power of phase C, phase B is connected to the power of phase A, and phase C is connected to the power of phase B to form a delta connection. Therefore, the motor is connected in parallel-delta connection and operated.
  • the delta connection switch 56' short-circuits the first stator winding and the second stator winding sequentially and independently of each other to prevent overcurrent and protect the semiconductor device.
  • the series switch 54 In order to prevent the controller from being damaged and shut down due to excessive current in the above switch operation sequence, when the windings are changed from series to parallel connection, the series switch 54 must first be opened and the parallel switch 53 shorted. Conversely, when changing from parallel to series, the parallel switch 53 is opened and the series switch 54 is shorted.
  • the delta connection switch 56' or the star connection switch 55' can be opened. Power is applied only to the first stator winding 1a and the second stator winding 2a is disconnected . Therefore, it is operated with only one stator, which can achieve high speed similar to parallel operation, but can reduce output by reducing torque, so economical operation is possible compared to parallel-delta connection at the same speed. Therefore, it is an economical driving method by reducing power while rotating at high speed. In the case of a generator, it is a suitable operation wiring method for high-speed rotation and low torque.
  • the series-parallel and star-delta connections are the same as those of the motor depending on the speed, and the battery is charged by the operation of the charging switch 59.
  • a pair of star and delta switches are turned on and off sequentially one by one with a time difference to suppress excessive current, and all current is used to rotate the motor, so there is no waste of power, increasing efficiency and reducing costs bring effect
  • the above wiring method has been described as a double stator type motor with two stators, but even in a single stator motor with one stator, the slot winding of each phase is divided into two as described above and can be operated by combining series-parallel and star-delta wiring.
  • the motor is preferably a three-phase induction motor.
  • 8 is a program flow chart capable of driving an electronic circuit unit. Depending on the speed, it is possible to change the speed by connecting a combination of series, parallel, star, and delta, and change the maximum efficiency section accordingly.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un moteur ou un générateur dans lequel le nombre de pôles d'enroulement est réduit et les phases sont converties dans la direction avant au moyen d'un commutateur de point neuronal et d'un commutateur de phase. Ainsi, l'efficacité maximale peut changer en fonction des changements de vitesse, ou l'impédance et la force contre-électromotrice sont modifiées au moyen de connexions série/parallèle et étoile-triangle des enroulements, la vitesse pouvant ainsi changer et l'efficacité maximale pouvant changer en fonction de celle-ci.
PCT/KR2022/013953 2021-09-28 2022-09-19 Moteur ou générateur apte à changer de vitesse et de plage d'efficacité en fonction de la vitesse WO2023054953A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR10-2021-0128038 2021-09-28
KR1020210128038A KR102524048B1 (ko) 2021-09-28 2021-09-28 속도변경 및 그에 따른 효율구간 변경이 가능한 전동기

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WO2023054953A1 true WO2023054953A1 (fr) 2023-04-06

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PCT/KR2022/013953 WO2023054953A1 (fr) 2021-09-28 2022-09-19 Moteur ou générateur apte à changer de vitesse et de plage d'efficacité en fonction de la vitesse

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20050103092A (ko) * 2004-04-24 2005-10-27 엘지전자 주식회사 속도 가변형 모터
KR20080089448A (ko) * 2006-01-26 2008-10-06 더 팀켄 컴퍼니 이중 고정자를 갖는 축방향 플럭스 영구자석 모터용 가상움직임 공극
KR20110055634A (ko) * 2008-08-18 2011-05-25 에머슨 일렉트릭 컴파니 탭 보조 권선을 갖는 2 속도 유도전동기
KR20150031597A (ko) * 2013-09-16 2015-03-25 현대모비스 주식회사 전동 모터 및 이의 제어 장치
JP2016086587A (ja) * 2014-10-28 2016-05-19 シャープ株式会社 電動機

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20050103092A (ko) * 2004-04-24 2005-10-27 엘지전자 주식회사 속도 가변형 모터
KR20080089448A (ko) * 2006-01-26 2008-10-06 더 팀켄 컴퍼니 이중 고정자를 갖는 축방향 플럭스 영구자석 모터용 가상움직임 공극
KR20110055634A (ko) * 2008-08-18 2011-05-25 에머슨 일렉트릭 컴파니 탭 보조 권선을 갖는 2 속도 유도전동기
KR20150031597A (ko) * 2013-09-16 2015-03-25 현대모비스 주식회사 전동 모터 및 이의 제어 장치
JP2016086587A (ja) * 2014-10-28 2016-05-19 シャープ株式会社 電動機

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KR102498921B1 (ko) 2023-02-13
KR102524048B1 (ko) 2023-04-21
KR20230045329A (ko) 2023-04-04

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