Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
  • A01N65/40—Liliopsida [monocotyledons]
  • A01N65/44—Poaceae or Gramineae [Grass family], e.g. bamboo, lemon grass or citronella grass
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
  • A01N25/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
  • A01N25/04—Dispersions, emulsions, suspoemulsions, suspension concentrates or gels
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
  • A01N25/22—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing ingredients stabilising the active ingredients
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N31/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic oxygen or sulfur compounds
  • A01N31/02—Acyclic compounds
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N49/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, containing compounds containing the group, wherein m+n>=1, both X together may also mean —Y— or a direct carbon-to-carbon bond, and the carbon atoms marked with an asterisk are not part of any ring system other than that which may be formed by the atoms X, the carbon atoms in square brackets being part of any acyclic or cyclic structure, or the group, wherein A means a carbon atom or Y, n>=0, and not more than one of these carbon atoms being a member of the same ring system, e.g. juvenile insect hormones or mimics thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N53/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing cyclopropane carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
  • A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
  • A01N65/22—Lamiaceae or Labiatae [Mint family], e.g. thyme, rosemary, skullcap, selfheal, lavender, perilla, pennyroyal, peppermint or spearmint
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
  • A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
  • A01N65/24—Lauraceae [Laurel family], e.g. laurel, avocado, sassafras, cinnamon or camphor
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
  • A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
  • A01N65/28—Myrtaceae [Myrtle family], e.g. teatree or clove
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
  • A01P7/00—Arthropodicides
  • A01P7/04—Insecticides
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K8/04—Dispersions; Emulsions
  • A61K8/06—Emulsions
  • A61K8/062—Oil-in-water emulsions
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
  • A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
  • A61K8/34—Alcohols
  • A61K8/342—Alcohols having more than seven atoms in an unbroken chain
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/92—Oils, fats or waxes; Derivatives thereof, e.g. hydrogenation products thereof
  • A61K8/922—Oils, fats or waxes; Derivatives thereof, e.g. hydrogenation products thereof of vegetable origin
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q17/00—Barrier preparations; Preparations brought into direct contact with the skin for affording protection against external influences, e.g. sunlight, X-rays or other harmful rays, corrosive materials, bacteria or insect stings
  • A61Q17/02—Barrier preparations; Preparations brought into direct contact with the skin for affording protection against external influences, e.g. sunlight, X-rays or other harmful rays, corrosive materials, bacteria or insect stings containing insect repellants

Definitions

• arthropods Many mammals, including humans, suffer from the action of arthropods since they represent target host organisms. Some arthropods, for example mosquitoes and ticks, are not desirable for vertebrates such as mammals and in particular human subjects, as they bite and, consequently, cause itching, transmission of diseases and/or germs or may be the cause for other diseases and/or conditions.
• arthropod controlling agents and compositions have certain drawbacks, for example negative olfactive properties such as no or bad smell, or low lastingness due to penetration through the surface to be protected on which it is applied, or in turn only weak arthropod controlling, in particular arthropod repelling properties. Therefore, the development of arthropod products which can be applied to the arthropod itself or to areas in which the arthropod passages, in order to discourage engagement with its target host organism and at the same time having good long lastingness properties and good arthropod control performance, in particular arthropod repelling properties, remains a technical challenge.
• the emulsion comprises more than 50% water, preferably, 60%, 65%, 68%, 70%, 73%, 75%, 80%, 85% or more.
• oil-in-water emulsions have not been used to deliver arthropod control agents by application directly on a target arthropod and/or application to an area of habitation of an arthropod.
• An advantage of the emulsion of the present invention is that the oil phase adheres to the cuticle of the arthropod thus aiding the delivery of the control agent.
• the invention provides an emulsion with a high amount of water and a low amount of arthropod control agent relative to the other components of the emulsion.
• these features allow the emulsion to be prepared at low cost and in a sustainable manner compared to alternative embodiments in which more expensive and less sustainable components are used at high levels.
• solid lipid material used in the present invention refers to lipid components that are solid or in the form of a paste at room temperature. It includes glycerides and waxes.
• oil used in the present invention refers to organic components that are liquid at room temperature.
• the solid lipid material is not castor oil.
• a preferred embodiment of the invention is wherein the oil-soluble active material is soluble in oil and is defined with a LogP greater than 0.5, preferably greater than 1, more preferably greater than 1.2.
• LogP is the common logarithm of estimated octanol-water partition coefficient, which is known as a measure of lipophilicity.
• the ratio of arthropod control agent to solid lipid material is 1:200, 1:150, 1:120, 1:100, 1:50 1:25:, 1:10, 1:5, 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, 10:1. Even more preferably from 1:20 to 10:1.
• the experimental data below provides examples of favorable arthropod control agent to solid lipid material ratios.
• the arthropod control agent is present in a stabilised form in the emulsion and is released in a more regulated manner to provide a longer lasting efficacy than other formulations in which the arthropod control agent is prepared or in a free form, i.e. not in any emulsion at all.
• arthropod control agent should affect and allow the control of any arthropods when chosen by a person skilled in the art.
• arthropods that have a propensity to aggregate, preferably if they are gregarious, are preferred targets.
• arthropods displaying eusociality such as arthropods belonging to the Hymenoptera (ants, hornets, wasps) or Isoptera (termites) families are preferred targets. Differences between these social behaviors are known by a person skilled in the art.
• control in the context of the present invention defines the ability of an agent or an arthropod controlling composition according to the present invention to attract, deter, kill, weaken or repel an arthropod, preferably kill, deter or repel an arthropod and even more preferably repel or deter an arthropod, and also disrupting the arthropod community and impacting breeding.
• “Attracting” defines the ability of an agent to increase or encourage contact or the presence of an arthropod, of the same species or not, at the arthropod attractant source, such as in the air, on the surface of a shelter or a nest or another substrates on which are gathering or not these arthropods or on the surface of another arthropod to which the arthropod attractant agent or composition has been applied to.
• the arthropod control agent is chosen in the group consisting of ethyl 3-(acetyl(butyl)amino)propanoate (IR3535®), N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET), p-menthane- 3,8-diol (PMD), Eucalyptus citriodora oil, Citronella spp.
• olefins and other hydrocarbons of termites such as Cryptotermes brevis (Walker), C. cynocephalus (Light), Procryptotermes corniceps (Snyder) or Neotermes connexus (Snyder)) or identification of colonies or nestmates (specific components of the cuticular hydrocarbon profile by wasps such as Polistes dominulus (Christ)) or information on development stage (e.g.
• RNAi allows to mediate the silencing of specific targeted genes, blocking the expression of crucial proteins for the development of the targeted pest.
• Such techniques are known in the art and have the advantage of having a very specific impact on targeted pests, avoiding side effects on non-target organisms and getting around resistance.
• a further embodiment is wherein the emulsion of the invention does not comprise polyethylene glycol (PEG) or PPG or polyethylene glycol (PEG) or PPG derivatives such as ethoxylated alcohols for example.
• PEG polyethylene glycol
• PPG polyethylene glycol
• PPG derivatives such as ethoxylated alcohols for example.
• the consumer article can be in the form of a sprayable solution, or a gel/viscous.
• the arthropod control agent is directly sprayed on the arthropods.
• the arthropods will disseminate the effect of the active agent while moving.
• space in the vicinity of the targeted pest such as nest, refugee or colony sector may be sprayed, foreseeing that the targeted pest would contact the arthropod control agent that would bind to its cuticle.
• Example 1 Emulsions according to the invention (with geraniol & lemongrass oil as oil-soluble arthropod control agents)
• Example 2 Different shape and homogeneity of droplets according to Example 1
• Emulsion 4 preparation in a 20ml glass vial, Emulsion 4 was prepared by weighing 0.05g of geraniol and lemongrass oil [ratio 1:1], 0.15g of beeswax, 0.8g of triethylcitrate and 9g of water phase. The mix was heated at 65°C for 30 minutes to get all ingredients liquid. The warm solution containing the 2 phases was sheared for 30 seconds using an ultrasonic probe to produce an oil-in-water emulsion. The sample was then immersed in a water bath and left to cool down to room temperature.
• Emulsion 5 preparation in a 20ml glass vial, Emulsion 5 was prepared by weighing 0.008g of pral lethrin, 0.15g of beeswax, 0.7g of triethylcitrate and 9.14g of water phase. The mix was heated at 65°C for 30 minutes to get all ingredients liquid. The warm solution containing the 2 phases was sheared for 30 seconds using an ultrasonic probe to produce an oil-in-water emulsion. The sample was then immersed in a water bath and left to cool down to room temperature. Table 2: Emulsion compositions
• Example 4 Solutions made as comparative examples
• Example 5 Controlling effect on cockroaches of the emulsions according to Examples 1 and 3
• Controlling efficacy was tested against nymphs of the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana (L). This species was chosen as it is considered being a human pest carrying many pathogenic human micro-organisms as known by a person skilled in the art. In addition, different species of cockroach exhibit a gregarious behavior by gathering in refuges.
• Example 4 the blend of geraniol and lemongrass oils 0.5%GL used at low concentration (0.5%) described in Example 4 was not sufficient to kill any of the cockroaches when diluted in a water-ethanol mixture (19:1).
• the same amount of active ingredients applied on the cockroaches using Emulsion 2 according to the present invention was sufficient to kill the cockroaches in all the three replicates (Table 4). Two were killed within the hour post-application whereas the last one died 18h after application.
• Emulsion 4 using a different amount of solvent only allowed to kill one of the three cockroaches tested (Table 4) 16h post-application. As already mentioned above, it is worthwhile to note that all insects received a similar amount of active ingredients (Table 4).
• 0.5%GL corresponds to the active blend in Emulsion 2 and 4 indicated in example 4, i.e. 0.5% of geraniol + lemongrass oil
• 5%EO corresponds to the active blend in Emulsion 3 indicated in example 4, i.e. 5% of essential oils
• Emulsion 5 described in the present invention was sufficient to kill the cockroaches in all replicates.
• prallethrin is a strong killing agent, and due to the lower diffusion through the solid lipid material in the emulsions of the present invention, ittook >12h to kill the cockroaches. In nature, this time laps would have allowed the cockroach to move back to its refuge and spread the poison within its community.
• Example 6 Emulsion according to the invention (with geraniol & lemongrass oil as oil-soluble arthropod control agent)
• Water phase preparation in a 100ml glass flask, 0.1g of sodium benzoate, 0.1g of potassium sorbate, 0.7g of sodium citrate monobasic and 1.5g of sodium citrate dibasic sesquihydrate were added to 87.6g water and solubilized under magnetic stirring. 10g of gum arabic were then slowly added to the solution and the magnetic stirring was let for 4hrs to solubilize the ingredients and get a homogeneous phase.
• Emulsion 6 preparation in a 20ml glass vial, Emulsion 6 was prepared by weighing 0.05g of geraniol and lemongrass oil [ratio 1:1], 0.15g of beeswax, 0.6g of tributyl-O-acetylcitrate and 9.2g of water phase. The mix was heated at 65°C for 30 minutes to get all ingredients liquid. The warm solution containing the 2 phases was sheared for 30 seconds using an ultrasonic probe to produce an oil-in-water emulsion. The sample was then immersed in a water bath and left to cool down to room temperature.
• Example 10 Modification of the behavior of mealworm beetles due to deposition of solid lipid material on an area
• Mealworm beetles Tenebrio molitor (L) are considered as human pests because larvae and adults feed on stored food. They breed prol ifically and can gather in large populations, especially in protected areas such as henhouses in which they cause huge damage. Due to their status of non-model organism, as known by a person skilled in the art Tenebrio molitor is useful in making proof of concept studies.
• Example 11 Modification of the behavior of mealworm beetles due to deposition of solid lipid material on an area
• the testing protocol was the same as in Example 10.
• Emulsion 1 described in Example 1 (Table 1) and of Emulsion 6 described in Example 6 (Table 7) were assessed.
• the solution 0.5%GL displayed in Example 4 as well as water were also applied to the arena test side.
• both Emulsion 1 and Emulsion 6 as well as 0.5%GL contain the same amount of oil-soluble arthropod control agent described in Table 3.
• the differences between these solutions are the solvent loaded with active ingredients in the solid lipid material, i.e. triethyl citrate in Emulsion 1 and tributyl-O-acetylcitrate in Emulsion 6, and the absence of solid lipid material in 0.5%GL.
• a comparison of the mealworm activity and of their movement between the two halves of the arena was made.

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• 2022
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