WO2023051033A1 - 端盖组件、电池单体、电池及用电装置 - Google Patents

端盖组件、电池单体、电池及用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023051033A1
WO2023051033A1 PCT/CN2022/110910 CN2022110910W WO2023051033A1 WO 2023051033 A1 WO2023051033 A1 WO 2023051033A1 CN 2022110910 W CN2022110910 W CN 2022110910W WO 2023051033 A1 WO2023051033 A1 WO 2023051033A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
lithium
end cover
battery cell
battery
end cap
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PCT/CN2022/110910
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨丽美
杨龙飞
陈文伟
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2023051033A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023051033A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/148—Lids or covers characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/15—Lids or covers characterised by their shape for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/172—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing
    • H01M50/174—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing adapted for the shape of the cells
    • H01M50/176—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing adapted for the shape of the cells for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, in particular, to an end cover assembly, a battery cell, a battery and an electrical device.
  • the way of replenishing lithium for a lithium-ion battery cell is to place a lithium-replenishing element inside the casing of the lithium-ion battery cell, and the lithium-replenishing element occupies the internal space of the battery cell, thereby reducing the energy density of the battery cell .
  • the purpose of the embodiments of the present application is to provide an end cover assembly, a battery cell, a battery and an electrical device, so as to supplement the loss of active lithium during the use of a lithium-ion battery cell and increase the energy density of the battery cell .
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an end cap assembly, including: an end cap; a positive terminal and a negative terminal, disposed on the end cap, one of the positive terminal and the negative terminal is connected to the end cap Conductive connection, the other is insulated and connected to the end cover; lithium supplementary part, the lithium supplementary part is arranged on the side of the end cover facing the inside of the battery cell, and is electrically connected to the end cover, the The lithium replenishing part is used for replenishing lithium ions into the battery cells.
  • the end cover assembly includes an end cover, a positive terminal, a negative terminal, and a lithium replenishing member.
  • the other is insulated from the end cap (that is, the positive terminal is electrically connected to the end cap, the negative terminal is insulated from the end cap, or the negative terminal is electrically conductive to the end cap.
  • the positive terminal is insulated and connected to the end cap
  • the lithium supplementary part is set on the side of the end cap facing the inside of the battery cell, and is electrically connected to the end cap.
  • lithium ions can The ion channel of the electrolyte inside the battery cell has an intercalation reaction on the positive electrode or negative electrode, so that the active lithium is transferred from the lithium supplement to the active material of the positive electrode or negative electrode of the battery cell, and then the battery cell
  • the active lithium lost during use is replenished, and since the lithium replenishing part is arranged on the outer shell of the battery cell, it does not occupy the internal space of the battery cell, which helps to increase the energy density of the battery cell.
  • the end cap assembly further includes: an insulator disposed on the side of the end cap facing the inside of the battery cell, the lithium supplementary element is disposed between the end cap and the insulator between.
  • the insulator plays the role of keeping the end cover insulated from the battery cell shell to avoid safety failures such as internal short circuit of the battery cell , because the lithium supplementary part is arranged between the end cover and the insulating part, the insulating part can also play a supporting role to prevent the lithium supplementary part from being disconnected from the end cover.
  • a first groove is formed on a side of the insulating member facing the end cap, and the lithium supplementary component is accommodated in the first groove.
  • the first groove is formed by partially recessing the side of the insulating member toward the end cover in a direction away from the end cover. Conductive connection to end cap.
  • the number of the first grooves is two, and the two first grooves are arranged at both ends of the length direction of the insulating member;
  • the number of the grooves is the same, and they are correspondingly arranged in the two first grooves.
  • the number of lithium supplementary parts is increased, thereby helping to improve the performance of the battery.
  • the lithium replenishment time of the battery cell further improves the service life of the battery cell.
  • a second groove is formed on a side of the end cap facing the insulating element, and the lithium supplementary element is accommodated in the second groove.
  • the second groove can also be formed by partially recessing the side of the end cap facing the insulating member in a direction away from the insulating member.
  • the second groove can play a Fix the function of the lithium supplementary part and enable the lithium supplementary part to maintain a conductive connection with the end cover.
  • a third groove can also be provided on the side of the end cover facing the insulating layer, and a fourth groove corresponding to the position of the third groove can be provided on the side of the insulating member facing the end cover, and the lithium supplementary element accommodates It is located between the third groove and the fourth groove, so as to play the role of fixing the lithium replenishing component.
  • the structure and principle are relatively simple and easy to realize.
  • the insulator is provided with a first communication hole for the lithium ions to pass through.
  • the first communication hole communicates with the inside of the battery cell, so that the lithium ions electrolyzed by the lithium replenishing member can enter the interior of the battery cell through the first communication hole
  • the electrolyte solution can then intercalate with the positive or negative electrode of the battery cell.
  • the projection of the lithium-supplementing member on the insulating member along the thickness direction of the end cap at least partially covers the first communication hole.
  • the projection of the lithium supplementary part on the insulating part along the thickness direction of the end cover at least partially covers the first communication hole, that is, the lithium supplementary part at least partially covers the first communication hole, so that the lithium supplementary part electrolyzes
  • the ions can quickly enter the electrolyte solution inside the battery cell from the first communication hole, and then realize an intercalation reaction with the positive electrode sheet or the negative electrode sheet, so as to realize the effect of rapid lithium replenishment.
  • the end cap assembly further includes: an elastic support member, the elastic support member is arranged between the insulating member and the lithium supplementary part, and is used to apply elastic force to the lithium supplementary part, so that the lithium-replenishing element abuts against the end cover.
  • the end cover assembly also includes an elastic support member, which is arranged between the insulating member and the lithium supplementary part, and is in an elastic extrusion state, so at this time the elastic support part stores elastic potential energy, and the lithium supplementary part It will become thinner during the lithium replenishment process, and when the elastic support member releases the elastic potential energy, the lithium replenishment member can always be in contact with the end cover, so that the battery cell can always be supplemented with active lithium.
  • the elastic support member is provided with a second communication hole for the lithium ions to pass through.
  • lithium ions can enter the first communication hole on the end cover from the second communication hole on the elastic support, and then enter the electrolytic solution inside the battery cell. solution for active lithium supplementation.
  • the end cover assembly further includes: an elastic conductive member, the elastic conductive member is arranged between the end cover and the lithium supplementary part, and is used to make the end cover and the lithium supplementary components to maintain a conductive connection.
  • the end cover assembly also includes an elastic conductive part arranged between the end cover and the lithium supplementary part, and the elastic conductive part is in an elastic extrusion state under the action of the insulating part and the lithium supplementary part.
  • elastic deformation can occur to release the elastic potential energy, and insulators can be used to make the lithium supplementary part always contact with the elastic conductive part. Since the elastic conductive part has a conductive function, the lithium supplementary part can always be in contact with the end cover. Maintain a conductive connection.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell, including: a housing with an open end; and the end cap assembly according to any one of the embodiments of the first aspect, the end cap assembly covers located at the open end.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery, including the battery cell described in the embodiment of the second aspect.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an electrical device, including the battery described in the embodiment of the third aspect.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a vehicle in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a battery in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a battery cell provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of an end cap assembly provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • multiple refers to more than two (including two), similarly, “multiple groups” refers to more than two groups (including two), and “multiple pieces” refers to More than two pieces (including two pieces).
  • Power batteries are not only used in energy storage power systems such as hydraulic, thermal, wind and solar power plants, but also widely used in electric vehicles such as electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, electric vehicles, as well as military equipment and aerospace and other fields . With the continuous expansion of power battery application fields, its market demand is also constantly expanding.
  • Lithium-ion batteries have the advantages of high energy density and long cycle life, and are widely used in portable electronic products and electric vehicles.
  • an SEI film will be formed on the surface of the negative electrode, which will consume the active lithium in the positive electrode, resulting in irreversible capacity loss, which in turn will affect the energy density of the lithium-ion battery, so active lithium needs to be supplemented.
  • the inventors have found that the lithium-replenishing parts of lithium-ion batteries are generally arranged inside the battery cells. Although they can play a role in replenishing lithium, the utilization rate of the internal space of the battery cells will be lost; thereby reducing the volumetric energy density of the battery cells. , and after the lithium supplement is consumed, there will be a certain gap in its internal space, which may cause the electrode assembly to shake in the shell. Under vibration conditions, it is very likely to cause the vibration failure of the electrode assembly. In severe cases, safety may occur question.
  • the inventor has conducted in-depth research and designed a This kind of end cover assembly cancels the scheme that the lithium supplementary part is arranged inside the battery cell, but arranges the lithium supplementary part on the side of the end cover facing the inside of the battery cell, and is electrically connected with the end cover, and connects the positive terminal and the negative terminal
  • One of the terminals is conductively connected to the end cover, and the other is insulated, so that the purpose of cyclic lithium replenishment can be realized, and it can also be used to supplement the loss of active lithium during the first charging process of the lithium-ion battery monomer and improve the battery capacity.
  • the energy density of the body since the lithium supplementary parts do not occupy the internal space of the battery cell, it helps to increase the energy density of the battery cell, and at the same time avoids the occurrence of the electrode assembly shaking inside the battery cell shell after the lithium supplementary part is consumed, improving It ensures the safety and stability of battery cells.
  • the end cover assembly disclosed in the embodiments of the present application can be used, but not limited to, in battery cells of electric devices such as vehicles, ships, or aircrafts. It is possible to use the power supply system that comprises the end cap assembly, battery cells, batteries, etc. disclosed in this application to form the electrical device, which is conducive to improving the energy density of the battery cells and the battery as a whole, and helps to improve the use of the battery cells. The safety and stability of the battery, as well as the service life of the battery cell.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides an electric device using a battery as a power source.
  • the electric device can be, but not limited to, a mobile phone, a tablet, a notebook computer, an electric toy, an electric tool, a battery car, an electric car, a ship, a spacecraft, and the like.
  • electric toys may include fixed or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric boat toys, electric airplane toys, etc.
  • spacecraft may include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, spaceships, etc.
  • a vehicle 1000 as an electric device according to an embodiment of the present application is taken as an example for description.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle 1000 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the vehicle 1000 can be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle can be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or an extended-range vehicle.
  • the interior of the vehicle 1000 is provided with a battery 100 , and the battery 100 may be provided at the bottom, head or tail of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 can be used for power supply of the vehicle 1000 , for example, the battery 100 can be used as an operating power source of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the vehicle 1000 may further include a controller 200 and a motor 300 , the controller 200 is used to control the battery 100 to supply power to the motor 300 , for example, for starting, navigating and running the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 can not only be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000 , but can also be used as a driving power source for the vehicle 1000 , replacing or partially replacing fuel oil or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000 .
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a battery 100 provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery 100 includes a case 10 and battery cells 20 housed in the case 10 .
  • the box body 10 is used to provide accommodating space for the battery cells 20 , and the box body 10 may adopt various structures.
  • the box body 10 may include a first part 11 and a second part 12, the first part 11 and the second part 12 cover each other, the first part 11 and the second part 12 jointly define a of accommodation space.
  • the second part 12 can be a hollow structure with one end open, the first part 11 can be a plate-like structure, and the first part 11 covers the opening side of the second part 12, so that the first part 11 and the second part 12 jointly define an accommodation space ;
  • the first part 11 and the second part 12 can also be hollow structures with one side opening, and the opening side of the first part 11 is covered by the opening side of the second part 12 .
  • the box body 10 formed by the first part 11 and the second part 12 can be in various shapes, such as a cylinder, a cuboid and the like.
  • the battery 100 there may be multiple battery cells 20 , and the multiple battery cells 20 may be connected in series, in parallel or in parallel.
  • the mixed connection means that the multiple battery cells 20 are connected in series and in parallel.
  • a plurality of battery cells 20 can be directly connected in series, in parallel or mixed together, and then the whole composed of a plurality of battery cells 20 is housed in the box 10; of course, the battery 100 can also be a plurality of battery cells 20
  • the battery modules are firstly connected in series or parallel or in combination, and then multiple battery modules are connected in series or in parallel or in combination to form a whole, which is accommodated in the case 10 .
  • the battery 100 may also include other structures, for example, the battery 100 may also include a bus component for realizing electrical connection between multiple battery cells 20 .
  • each battery cell 20 may be a secondary battery cell or a primary battery cell; it may also be a lithium-sulfur battery cell, a sodium-ion battery cell or a magnesium-ion battery cell, but is not limited thereto.
  • the battery cell 20 may be in the form of a cylinder, a flat body, a cuboid or other shapes.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a battery cell 20 provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell 20 refers to the smallest unit constituting the battery 100 .
  • the battery cell 20 includes an end cap assembly 21 , a casing 22 , an electrode assembly 23 and other functional components.
  • the end cover assembly 21 refers to a component that covers the opening of the casing 22 to isolate the internal environment of the battery cell 20 from the external environment.
  • the shape of the end cap assembly 21 can be adapted to the shape of the housing 22 to fit the housing 22 .
  • the end cover assembly 21 can be made of a material (such as aluminum alloy) with a certain hardness and strength, so that the end cover assembly 21 is not easily deformed when being squeezed and collided, so that the battery cell 20 can have a more With high structural strength, safety performance can also be improved.
  • Functional components such as electrode terminals may be provided on the end cap assembly 21 . The electrode terminals can be used to electrically connect with the electrode assembly 23 for outputting or inputting electric energy of the battery cell 20 .
  • the end cap assembly 21 may also be provided with a pressure relief mechanism for releasing the internal pressure when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 20 reaches a threshold value.
  • the material of the end cover assembly 21 may also be various, for example, copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc., which is not particularly limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the casing 22 is an assembly for matching the end cap assembly 21 to form the internal environment of the battery cell 20 , wherein the internal environment formed can be used to accommodate the electrode assembly 23 , electrolyte and other components.
  • the casing 22 and the end cap assembly 21 can be independent components, and an opening can be provided on the casing 22 , and the internal environment of the battery cell 20 can be formed by making the end cap assembly 21 cover the opening at the opening.
  • the end cover assembly 21 and the housing 22 can also be integrated. Specifically, the end cover assembly 21 and the housing 22 can form a common connection surface before other components are inserted into the housing. When the housing 22 needs to be packaged When inside, make the end cover assembly 21 cover the housing 22 again.
  • the housing 22 can be in various shapes and sizes, such as cuboid, cylinder, hexagonal prism and so on. Specifically, the shape of the casing 22 can be determined according to the specific shape and size of the electrode assembly 23 .
  • the housing 22 can be made of various materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc., which is not particularly limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the electrode assembly 23 is a part where the electrochemical reaction occurs in the battery cell 20 .
  • One or more electrode assemblies 23 may be contained within the case 22 .
  • the electrode assembly 23 is mainly formed by winding or stacking positive electrode sheets and negative electrode sheets, and a separator is usually provided between the positive electrode sheets and the negative electrode sheets.
  • the parts of the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet with the active material constitute the main body of the electrode assembly 23 , and the parts of the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet without the active material respectively constitute tabs.
  • the positive pole tab and the negative pole tab can be located at one end of the main body together or at two ends of the main body respectively.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of an end cap assembly 21 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the embodiment of the first aspect of the present application provides an end cover assembly 21, including: an end cover 210; a positive terminal 211 and a negative terminal 212, which are arranged on the end cover 210, and one of the positive terminal 211 and the negative terminal 212 is connected to the end cover 210 Conductive connection, the other is insulated and connected to the end cover 210; lithium supplementary part 230, the lithium supplementary part 230 is arranged on the side of the end cover 210 facing the inside of the battery cell 20, and is electrically connected to the end cover 210, and the lithium supplementary part 230 is used for Lithium ions are replenished into the battery cells 20 .
  • the end cap assembly includes an end cap 210 , a positive terminal 211 , a negative terminal 212 and a lithium supplement 230 .
  • the other is insulatedly connected with the end cap 210 (that is, the positive terminal 211 is electrically connected with the end cap 210, and the negative terminal 212 is insulatedly connected with the end cap 210 , or the negative terminal 212 is conductively connected to the end cap 210, and the positive terminal 211 is insulatedly connected to the end cap 210), and the lithium replenishing element 230 is arranged on the side of the end cap 210 facing the inside of the battery cell 20, and is electrically connected to the end cap 210 , In this way, since the potential of metallic lithium is the lowest among all electrode materials, there will be a potential difference, so metallic lithium will lose electrons to form lithium ions, and the electrons will reach the positive terminal 211 or the negative terminal 212 of the battery cell 20
  • the active material of the positive terminal 211 or the negative terminal 212 gets electrons and is reduced, and at the same time, lithium ions can undergo an intercalation reaction on the positive electrode or the negative electrode through the ion channel of the electrolyte inside the battery cell 20, thereby realizing active lithium from replenishing lithium
  • the component 230 is transferred to the active material of the positive electrode sheet or the negative electrode sheet of the battery cell 20 , so as to replenish the active lithium lost during the use of the battery cell 20 and increase the energy density of the battery cell 20 .
  • the lithium replenishing member 230 is arranged on the end cover 210 outside the battery cell 20, so it does not occupy the internal space of the battery cell 20, which helps to improve the energy density of the battery cell 20, and effectively This prevents the electrode assembly 23 from shaking inside the shell of the battery cell 20 due to the consumption of the lithium replenishing element 230 , thereby helping to improve the safety and service life of the battery cell 20 and the battery 100 as a whole.
  • the number of lithium supplementary components 230 is not limited, and the lithium supplementary components 230 can be made of lithium metal, lithium aluminum alloy, lithium ingot, lithium cobaltate, lithium manganese oxide and other materials that can extract lithium ions.
  • the end cap assembly 21 further includes: an insulating member 220 disposed on the side of the end cap 210 facing the inside of the battery cell 20 , and a lithium replenishing member 230 disposed on the end cap 210 and the insulator. between 220 pieces.
  • the insulator 220 serves to insulate the end cover 210 from the casing of the battery cell 20 to prevent internal short circuits of the battery cell 20 , etc.
  • the insulating part 220 can also play a supporting role to prevent the lithium supplementary part 230 from being disconnected from the end cover 210 .
  • the insulating member 220 may be a rubber or plastic member or the like.
  • a first groove 221 is formed on a side of the insulator 220 facing the end cap 210 , and the lithium supplementary element 230 is accommodated in the first groove 221 .
  • a first groove 221 is formed by partially recessing the side of the insulator 220 toward the end cover 210 in a direction away from the end cover 210.
  • the first groove 221 plays the role of fixing the lithium supplementary part 230, and can make the lithium supplementary part 230 is electrically connected to end cap 210 .
  • the shape of the first groove 221 is not limited, and may be a square or a rectangle, as long as the lithium-replenishing element 230 can be fixed.
  • the number of first grooves 221 is two, and the two first grooves 221 are arranged at both ends of the insulating member 220 in the length direction; The numbers are the same, and are correspondingly arranged in the two first grooves 221 .
  • first grooves 221 are provided at both ends of the insulating member 220 in the length direction, and lithium-replenishing parts 230 are arranged in the two first grooves 221, increasing the number of lithium-replenishing parts 230, thereby facilitating In order to prolong the lithium replenishment time for the battery cell 20, and further improve the service life of the battery cell 20.
  • the product structure is relatively regular, which helps to improve the aesthetics of the product.
  • the number of first grooves 221 can also be set to be greater than two, which only needs to correspond to the number of lithium supplementary elements 230. Since all of them can achieve the purpose of this application, they should be within the scope of protection of this application.
  • a second groove is formed on a side of the end cover 210 facing the insulating member 220 , and the lithium supplementary member 230 is accommodated in the second groove.
  • the second groove acts as a fixed lithium replenishment
  • the role of the component 230 and can make the lithium supplement component 230 and the end cover 210 maintain a conductive connection.
  • a third groove can also be provided on the side of the end cover 210 facing the insulating layer, and a fourth groove corresponding to the position of the third groove can be provided on the side of the insulating member 220 facing the end cover 210 to replenish lithium.
  • the component 230 is accommodated between the third groove and the fourth groove, so as to fix the lithium supplementing component 230.
  • the structure and principle are relatively simple and easy to implement.
  • the insulator 220 is provided with a first communication hole 2211 through which lithium ions pass.
  • the first communication hole 2211 communicates with the inside of the battery cell 20, so that the lithium ions electrolyzed by the lithium replenishing member 230 can enter the battery cell 20 through the first communication hole 2211
  • the internal electrolyte solution can further have an intercalation reaction with the positive electrode sheet or the negative electrode sheet of the battery cell 20 .
  • first communication holes 2211 there are multiple first communication holes 2211 , and the plurality of first communication holes 2211 are distributed in an array on the bottom wall of the first groove 221 .
  • the projection of the lithium supplementary member 230 on the insulating member 220 along the thickness direction of the end cover 210 at least partially covers the first communication hole 2211 .
  • the end cover assembly 21 further includes: an elastic support member 240, the elastic support member 240 is arranged between the insulating member 220 and the lithium supplementary member 230, and is used to apply elastic force, so that the lithium-replenishing element 230 abuts against the end cap 210 .
  • the end cover assembly 21 also includes an elastic support member 240, which is arranged between the insulator 220 and the lithium replenishment member 230, and is in an elastic extrusion state, so at this time the elastic support member 240 stores elastic potential energy, and the lithium replenishment member 230 will become thinner during the lithium replenishment process, and when the elastic support member 240 releases the elastic potential energy, the lithium replenishment member 230 can always be in contact with the end cover 210 , so that the battery cell 20 can always be replenished with active lithium.
  • an elastic support member 240 which is arranged between the insulator 220 and the lithium replenishment member 230, and is in an elastic extrusion state, so at this time the elastic support member 240 stores elastic potential energy, and the lithium replenishment member 230 will become thinner during the lithium replenishment process, and when the elastic support member 240 releases the elastic potential energy, the lithium replenishment member 230 can always be in contact with the end cover 210 , so that the battery cell 20 can always be replenished with active lithium.
  • the material of the elastic support member 240 can be nickel mesh, stainless steel mesh, polycarbonate, PP (Polypropylene, polypropylene), PE (Polyethene, polyethylene) and other materials with a certain elastic support function. And there can be one or more elastic supports 240 . When there are multiple elastic supports 240 , the plurality of elastic supports 240 are spaced apart so as to ensure that lithium ions can enter the interior of the battery cell 20 .
  • the elastic support member 240 is provided with a second communication hole through which lithium ions pass.
  • lithium ions can enter the first communication hole 2211 on the end cover 210 from the second communication hole on the elastic support member 240, and then enter the electrolyte solution inside the battery cell 20. , to achieve active lithium supplementation.
  • the end cover assembly further includes: an elastic conductive member disposed between the end cover 210 and the lithium supplementary component 230 for maintaining a conductive connection between the end cover 210 and the lithium supplementary component 230 .
  • the end cover assembly also includes an elastic conductive member arranged between the end cover 210 and the lithium supplementary member 230.
  • the material of the elastic support member 240 can be elastic and conductive materials such as nickel mesh and stainless steel mesh.
  • the elastic conductive member is placed on the insulating member 220 It is in an elastic extrusion state under the action of the lithium supplementary part 230, so that when the lithium supplementary part 230 is consumed, elastic deformation can occur to release the elastic potential energy, and the insulating part 220 is used to make the lithium supplementary part 230 always in contact with the elastic conductive part Since the elastic conductive member has a conductive function, the lithium supplementary member 230 and the end cover 210 can always be kept in a conductive connection.
  • the end cover assembly further includes: a first control circuit; wherein, for the case where the positive terminal 211 is electrically connected to the end cover 210, the two ends of the first control circuit are connected to the positive terminal 211 and the end cover 210 respectively. Electrically connected, and used to control the positive terminal 211 and the end cap 210 to maintain electrical connection or disconnect; for the situation that the negative terminal 212 is electrically connected to the end cap 210, the two ends of the first control circuit are connected to the negative terminal 212 and the end cap respectively. 210 is electrically connected, and is used to control the negative terminal 212 to be electrically connected to or disconnected from the end cap 210 .
  • the end cover assembly 21 further includes: a second control circuit; wherein, for the case where the positive terminal 211 is electrically connected to the end cover 210, the two ends of the second control circuit are connected to the negative terminal 212 and the negative terminal 212 respectively.
  • the lithium supplementary layer is electrically connected, and is used to control the negative terminal 212 to maintain electrical connection with the lithium supplementary layer or to disconnect the electrical connection; for the case where the negative terminal 212 is electrically connected to the end cap 210, the second Two ends of the control circuit are respectively electrically connected to the positive terminal 211 and the lithium supplementary layer, and are used to control whether the positive terminal 211 is electrically connected to or disconnected from the lithium supplementary layer.
  • the first control circuit and the second control circuit may be in the form of wire connection, and a switch or the like is arranged on the wire to control the on-off of the circuit.
  • the insulator 220 is provided with an exhaust port, and the exhaust port is used to communicate with the inside of the battery cell 20; the end cover 210 is provided with a pressure relief port connected to the exhaust port, and the pressure relief The port is provided with an explosion-proof structure, and the explosion-proof structure is used to perform a pressure release action when the pressure inside the battery cell 20 reaches a threshold value.
  • the explosion-proof valve includes an explosion-proof valve sealingly connected with the pressure relief port and an explosion-proof valve protection sheet covering the explosion-proof valve.
  • the end cap 210 is provided with a first liquid injection hole
  • the insulator 220 is provided with a second liquid injection hole communicated with the first liquid injection hole, and the second liquid injection hole is used for connecting with the battery cell. 20 are connected internally.
  • one of the end cover 210 and the insulator 220 is provided with a card protrusion, and the other is provided with a card slot adapted to the card protrusion, and the card protrusion is inserted into the card slot, so that the end cover It is clamped with the insulator.
  • the present application provides an end cap assembly 21 for covering the open end of the casing 22 of the battery cell 20
  • the end cap assembly 21 includes: The end cap 210 , the insulator 220 , and the lithium supplementary element 230 disposed between the end cap 210 and the insulator 220 and electrically connected to the end cap 210 .
  • the end cover 210 is provided with a positive terminal 211 , a negative terminal 212 , a liquid injection hole and an explosion-proof structure.
  • One of the positive terminal 211 and the negative terminal 212 is electrically connected to the end cap 210 , and the other is insulatedly connected to the end cap 210 .
  • the insulator 220 is provided with a first groove 221 on one side facing the end cover 210, the number of the first grooves 221 is two, and the two first grooves 221 are arranged at both ends of the end cover 210 in the length direction,
  • An elastic supporting member 240 is disposed in the first groove 221 , and the elastic supporting member 240 is disposed at the bottom of the lithium-replenishing element 230 for maintaining the conductive connection between the lithium-replenishing element 230 and the end cover 210 .
  • the bottom wall of the first groove 221 and the elastic support member 240 are respectively provided with a first communication hole 2211 and a second communication hole, the first communication hole 2211 and the second communication hole are used for lithium ions to pass through to enter the battery cell 20 Inside, and through the ion channel of the electrolyte inside the battery cell 20, an intercalation reaction occurs with the positive electrode sheet or the negative electrode sheet, so as to achieve the purpose of lithium supplementation.

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Abstract

本申请涉及电池技术领域，提供一种端盖组件、电池单体、电池及用电装置，其中，端盖组件包括：端盖；正极端子和负极端子，设置于端盖，正极端子和负极端子中的一个与端盖导电连接，另一个与端盖绝缘连接；补锂件，补锂件设于端盖朝向电池单体内部的一侧，并与端盖导电连接，补锂件用于向电池单体内补充锂离子。通过本申请的技术方案，能够实现补充锂离子电池单体使用过程中的活性锂损失，并提高电池单体的能量密度，以及提高电池整体的使用安全性及使用寿命。

Description

端盖组件、电池单体、电池及用电装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有于2021年09月30日提交的名称为“端盖组件、电池单体、电池及用电装置”的第202111166642.5号中国专利申请的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种端盖组件、电池单体、电池及用电装置。
背景技术
相关技术中，锂离子电池单体的补锂方式是将补锂件设置在锂离子电池单体的壳体内部，补锂件占用电池单体的内部空间，从而使电池单体的能量密度降低。
发明内容
本申请实施例的目的在于提供一种端盖组件、电池单体、电池及用电装置，用以实现补充锂离子电池单体使用过程中的活性锂损失，并提高该电池单体的能量密度。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供一种端盖组件，包括：端盖；正极端子和负极端子，设置于所述端盖，所述正极端子和所述负极端子中的一个与所述端盖导电连接，另一个与所述端盖绝缘连接；补锂件，所述补锂件设于所述端盖朝向所述电池单体内部的一侧，并与所述端盖导电连接，所述补锂件用于向所述电池单体内补充锂离子。
在上述实现过程中，端盖组件包括端盖、正极端子、负极端子和补锂件。其中，通过将正极端子和负极端子中的一个与端盖导电连接，另一个与端盖绝缘连接(即正极端子与端盖导电连接，负极端子与端盖绝缘连接，或者负极端子与端盖导电连接，正极端子与端盖绝缘连接)，将补锂件设于端盖朝向电池单体内部的一侧，并与端盖导电连接，这样，由于金属锂的电位在所有电极材料中最低，会存在电势差，因此金属锂会失去电子，形成锂离子，电子通过导电层及电子回路到达电池单体的正极端子或负极端子，正极端子或负极端子的活性物质得到电子被还原，同时，锂离子可通过电池单体内部的电解液的离子通道在正极片或负极片发生嵌入反应，从而实现活性锂从补锂件转移到电池单体的正极片或负极片活性物质中，进而实现对电池单体使用过程中损失的活性锂进行补充，且由于补锂件设于电池单体外部的壳体上，因此不会占用电池单体内部空间，有助于提高电池单体的能量密度。
在一些实施例中，所述端盖组件还包括：绝缘件，设于所述端盖朝向所述电池单体内部的一侧，所述补锂件设于所述端盖与所述绝缘件之间。
在上述实现过程中，通过在端盖朝向电池单体内部的一侧设置绝缘件，绝缘件起到将端盖与电池单体壳体保持绝缘的作用，避免电池单体发生内部短路等安全故障，由于补锂件设置在端盖与绝缘件之间，绝缘件还可以起到支撑作用，防止补锂件与端盖脱离连接。
在一些实施例中，所述绝缘件朝向所述端盖的一侧形成有第一凹槽，所述补锂件容置于所述第一凹槽内。
在上述实现过程中，通过将绝缘件朝向端盖的一侧局部向远离端盖的方向凹陷形成有第一凹槽，第一凹槽起到固定补锂件的作用，并能够使补锂件与端盖保持导电连接。
在一些实施例中，所述第一凹槽的数量为两个，两个所述第一凹槽设于所述绝缘件长度方向的两端；所述补锂件的数量与所述第一凹槽的数量相同，并对应设置在两个所述第一凹槽内。
在上述实现过程中，通过在绝缘件长度方向的两端均设置第一凹槽，在两个第一凹槽内均 设置补锂件，增加了补锂件的数量，从而有助于提高对电池单体的补锂时间，进一步提高电池单体的使用寿命。
在一些实施例中，所述端盖朝向所述绝缘件的一侧形成有第二凹槽，所述补锂件容置于所述第二凹槽内。
在上述实现过程中，也可以在端盖朝向绝缘件的一侧局部向远离绝缘件的方向凹陷形成第二凹槽，补锂件容置于第二凹槽内时，第二凹槽起到固定补锂件的作用，并能够使补锂件与端盖保持导电连接。
当然，也可以在端盖朝向绝缘层的一侧设置第三凹槽，在绝缘件朝向端盖的一侧设置有与第三凹槽的位置相对应的第四凹槽，补锂件容置于第三凹槽和第四凹槽之间，从而起到固定补锂件的作用，结构和原理均较为简单，易于实现。
在一些实施例中，所述绝缘件上设有供所述锂离子通过的第一连通孔。
在上述实现过程中，通过在绝缘件上设置第一连通孔，第一连通孔与电池单体的内部相连通，使得补锂件电解出的锂离子能够从第一连通孔进入电池单体内部的电解液，进而能够与电池单体的正极片或负极片发生嵌入反应。
在一些实施例中，所述补锂件沿所述端盖的厚度方向在所述绝缘件上的投影至少部分地覆盖所述第一连通孔。
在上述实现过程中，补锂件上沿端盖的厚度方向在绝缘件上的投影至少部分覆盖第一连通孔，即补锂件至少部分覆盖第一连通孔，从而使得补锂件电解的锂离子能够快速地从第一连通孔进入到电池单体内部的电解液，进而实现与正极片或负极片发生嵌入反应，以实现快速补锂的效果。
在一些实施例中，所述端盖组件还包括：弹性支撑件，所述弹性支撑件设于所述绝缘件和所述补锂件之间，用于向所述补锂件施加弹性力，以使所述补锂件与所述端盖相抵接。
在上述实现过程中，端盖组件还包括弹性支撑件，弹性支撑件设于绝缘件与补锂件之间，并处于弹性挤压状态，所以此时弹性支撑件储存有弹性势能，补锂件在补锂过程中会变薄，弹性支撑件释放弹性势能时能够始终使补锂件与端盖相抵接，从而使得能够始终对电池单体进行活性锂补充。
其中，弹性支撑件可以为一个，也可以为多个，当弹性支撑件为多个时，多个弹性支撑件之间间隔设置，从而保证锂离子能够进入电池单体内部。
在一些实施例中，所述弹性支撑件上设有供所述锂离子通过的第二连通孔。
在上述实现过程中，通过在弹性支撑件上设置第二连通孔，使得锂离子能够从弹性支撑件上的第二连通孔进入端盖上的第一连通孔，进而进入电池单体内部的电解液，以实现活性锂补充。
在一些实施例中，所述端盖组件还包括：弹性导电件，所述弹性导电件设于所述端盖和所述补锂件之间，用于使所述端盖与所述补锂件保持导电连接。
在上述实现过程中，端盖组件还包括设于端盖与补锂件之间的弹性导电件，弹性导电件在绝缘件与补锂件的作用下处于弹性挤压状态，这样，当补锂件消耗的过程中，能够发生弹性变形以释放弹性势能，并配合绝缘件使补锂件始终与弹性导电件相抵接，由于弹性导电件具有导电作用，因此又能够使补锂件始终与端盖保持导电连接。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供了一种电池单体，包括：壳体，设有开口端；和如第一方面实施例中任一项所述的端盖组件，所述端盖组件盖设在所述开口端。
第三方面，本申请实施例提供一种电池，包括第二方面实施例所述的电池单体。
第四方面，本申请实施例提供一种用电装置，包括第三方面实施例所述的电池。
上述说明仅是本申请技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本申请的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本申请的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下 特举本申请的具体实施方式。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，应当理解，以下附图仅示出了本申请的某些实施例，因此不应被看作是对范围的限定，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。
图1为本申请一些实施例的车辆的结构示意图；
图2为本申请一些实施例的电池的分解结构示意图；
图3为本申请实施例提供的电池单体的分解结构示意图；
图4为本申请实施例提供的端盖组件的分解结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本申请技术方案的实施例进行详细的描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本申请的技术方案，因此只作为示例，而不能以此来限制本申请的保护范围。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本文中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“第一”“第二”等仅用于区别不同对象，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量、特定顺序或主次关系。在本申请实施例的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本文中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本文所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“和/或”仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)，同理，“多组”指的是两组以上(包括两组)，“多片”指的是两片以上(包括两片)。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“中心”“纵向”“横向”“长度”“宽度”“厚度”“上”“下”“前”“后”“左”“右”“竖直”“水平”“顶”“底”“内”“外”“顺时针”“逆时针”“轴向”“径向”“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请实施例和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请实施例的限制。
在本申请实施例的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，技术术语“安装”“相连”“连接”“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；也可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请实施例中的具体含义。
目前，从市场形势的发展来看，动力电池的应用越加广泛。动力电池不仅被应用于水力、火力、风力和太阳能电站等储能电源系统，而且还被广泛应用于电动自行车、电动摩托车、电动汽 车等电动交通工具，以及军事装备和航空航天等多个领域。随着动力电池应用领域的不断扩大，其市场的需求量也在不断地扩增。
锂离子电池具有较高的能量密度和长的循环寿命等优点，在便携式电子产品和电动汽车等领域都得到非常广泛的应用。在锂离子电池的首周充电过程，会在负极表面形成SEI膜，这会消耗正极中的活性锂，导致不可逆容量损失，进而会影响锂离子电池的能量密度，因此需要补充活性锂。
发明人发现，锂离子电池的补锂件普遍设置在电池单体的内部，虽然能够起到补锂作用，但会损失电池单体的内部空间利用率；从而使电池单体的体积能量密度降低，且补锂件消耗完以后，其内部空间会出现一定的间隙，使得电极组件在壳体内可能出现晃动，在震动工况下，极有可能导致电极组件的震动失效，严重情况下可能出现安全问题。
基于以上考虑，为了解决补锂件设置在电池单体的壳体内部导致的电池单体的内部空间利用率低，以及电池单体使用过程中的安全问题，发明人经过深入研究，设计了一种端盖组件，取消了补锂件设置在电池单体内部的方案，而是将补锂件设置在端盖朝向电池单体内部的一侧，并与端盖导电连接，将正极端子和负极端子中的一者与端盖导电连接，另一者绝缘连接，这样，便能够实现循环补锂的目的，也可用于补充锂离子电池单体的首次充电过程中的活性锂损失，提高电池单体的能量密度。且由于补锂件不占用电池单体内部空间，因此有助于提高电池单体的能量密度，同时避免了因补锂件消耗后电极组件在电池单体的壳体内部晃动的情况发生，提高了电池单体使用的安全性和稳定性。
本申请实施例公开的端盖组件可以但不限用于车辆、船舶或飞行器等用电装置的电池单体中。可以使用具备本申请公开的端盖组件、电池单体、电池等组成该用电装置的电源系统，这样，有利于提高电池单体以及电池整体的能量密度，且有助于提高电池单体使用的安全性和稳定性，以及电池单体的使用寿命。
本申请实施例提供一种使用电池作为电源的用电装置，用电装置可以为但不限于手机、平板、笔记本电脑、电动玩具、电动工具、电瓶车、电动汽车、轮船、航天器等等。其中，电动玩具可以包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等，航天器可以包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以本申请一实施例的一种用电装置为车辆1000为例进行说明。
请参照图1，图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆1000的结构示意图。车辆1000可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆1000的内部设置有电池100，电池100可以设置在车辆1000的底部或头部或尾部。电池100可以用于车辆1000的供电，例如，电池100可以作为车辆1000的操作电源。车辆1000还可以包括控制器200和马达300，控制器200用来控制电池100为马达300供电，例如，用于车辆1000的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池100不仅可以作为车辆1000的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1000的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1000提供驱动动力。
请参照图2，图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池100的分解结构示意图。电池100包括箱体10和电池单体20，电池单体20容纳于箱体10内。其中，箱体10用于为电池单体20提供容纳空间，箱体10可以采用多种结构。在一些实施例中，箱体10可以包括第一部分11和第二部分12，第一部分11与第二部分12相互盖合，第一部分11和第二部分12共同限定出用于容纳电池单体20的容纳空间。第二部分12可以为一端开口的空心结构，第一部分11可以为板状结构，第一部分11盖合于第二部分12的开口侧，以使第一部分11与第二部分12共同限定出容纳空间；第一部分11和第二部分12也可以是均为一侧开口的空心结构，第一部分11的开口侧盖合于第二部分12的开口侧。当然，第一部分11和第二部分12形成的箱体10可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。
在电池100中，电池单体20可以是多个，多个电池单体20之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体20中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体20之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体20构成的整体容纳于箱体10内；当然，电池100也可以是多个电池单体20先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块形式，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体10内。电池100还可以包括其他结构，例如，该电池100还可以包括汇流部件，用于实现多个电池单体20之间的电连接。
其中，每个电池单体20可以为二次电池单体或一次电池单体；还可以是锂硫电池单体、钠离子电池单体或镁离子电池单体，但不局限于此。电池单体20可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等。
请参照图3，图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体20的分解结构示意图。电池单体20是指组成电池100的最小单元。如图3，电池单体20包括有端盖组件21、壳体22、电极组件23以及其他的功能性部件。
端盖组件21是指盖合于壳体22的开口处以将电池单体20的内部环境隔绝于外部环境的部件。不限地，端盖组件21的形状可以与壳体22的形状相适应以配合壳体22。可选地，端盖组件21可以由具有一定硬度和强度的材质(如铝合金)制成，这样，端盖组件21在受挤压碰撞时就不易发生形变，使电池单体20能够具备更高的结构强度，安全性能也可以有所提高。端盖组件21上可以设置有如电极端子等的功能性部件。电极端子可以用于与电极组件23电连接，以用于输出或输入电池单体20的电能。在一些实施例中，端盖组件21上还可以设置有用于在电池单体20的内部压力或温度达到阈值时泄放内部压力的泄压机构。端盖组件21的材质也可以是多种的，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金、塑胶等，本申请实施例对此不作特殊限制。
壳体22是用于配合端盖组件21以形成电池单体20的内部环境的组件，其中，形成的内部环境可以用于容纳电极组件23、电解液以及其他部件。壳体22和端盖组件21可以是独立的部件，可以于壳体22上设置开口，通过在开口处使端盖组件21盖合开口以形成电池单体20的内部环境。不限地，也可以使端盖组件21和壳体22一体化，具体地，端盖组件21和壳体22可以在其他部件入壳前先形成一个共同的连接面，当需要封装壳体22的内部时，再使端盖组件21盖合壳体22。壳体22可以是多种形状和多种尺寸的，例如长方体形、圆柱体形、六棱柱形等。具体地，壳体22的形状可以根据电极组件23的具体形状和尺寸大小来确定。壳体22的材质可以是多种，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金、塑胶等，本申请实施例对此不作特殊限制。
电极组件23是电池单体20中发生电化学反应的部件。壳体22内可以包含一个或更多个电极组件23。电极组件23主要由正极片和负极片卷绕或层叠放置形成，并且通常在正极片与负极片之间设有隔膜。正极片和负极片具有活性物质的部分构成电极组件23的主体部，正极片和负极片不具有活性物质的部分各自构成极耳。正极极耳和负极极耳可以共同位于主体部的一端或是分别位于主体部的两端。在电池单体20的充放电过程中，正极活性物质和负极活性物质与电解液发生反应，极耳连接电极端子以形成电流回路。
请参考图4，图4为本申请一些实施例提供的端盖组件21的分解结构示意图。本申请第一方面实施例提供了一种端盖组件21，包括：端盖210；正极端子211和负极端子212，设置于端盖210，正极端子211和负极端子212中的一个与端盖210导电连接，另一个与端盖210绝缘连接；补锂件230，补锂件230设于端盖210朝向电池单体20内部的一侧，并与端盖210导电连接，补锂件230用于向电池单体20内补充锂离子。
具体地，端盖组件包括端盖210、正极端子211、负极端子212和补锂件230。其中，通过将正极端子211和负极端子212中的一个与端盖210导电连接，另一个与端盖210绝缘连接(即正极端子211与端盖210导电连接，负极端子212与端盖210绝缘连接，或者负极端子212与端盖210导电连接，正极端子211与端盖210绝缘连接)，将补锂件230设于端盖210朝向电池单体20内部的一侧，并与端盖210导电连接，这样，由于金属锂的电位在所有电极材料中最低，会存在电势差，因此金属锂会失去电子，形成锂离子，电子通过导电层及电子回路到达电池单体20的正极端子211或负极端子212，正极端子211或负极端子212的活性物质得到电子被还原，同时，锂离子可通过电池单体20内部的电解液的离子通道在正极片或负极片发生嵌入反应，从而实现活性锂 从补锂件230转移到电池单体20的正极片或负极片活性物质中，进而实现对电池单体20使用过程中损失的活性锂进行补充，提高电池单体20的能量密度。本申请提供的技术方案，补锂件230设于电池单体20外部的端盖210上，因此不会占用电池单体20的内部空间，有助于提高电池单体20的能量密度，并有效避免因补锂件230消耗后导致电极组件23在电池单体20的壳体内部晃动的情况发生，从而有助于提高电池单体20以及电池100整体的使用安全性及使用寿命。
其中，补锂件230的设置数量不受限定，补锂件230可采用锂金属、锂铝合金、锂锭、钴酸锂、锰酸锂等可脱出锂离子的材料。
请参考图4，根据本申请的一些实施例，端盖组件21还包括：绝缘件220，设于端盖210朝向电池单体20内部的一侧，补锂件230设于端盖210与绝缘件220之间。
通过在端盖210朝向电池单体20内部的一侧设置绝缘件220，绝缘件220起到将端盖210与电池单体20的壳体保持绝缘的作用，避免电池单体20发生内部短路等安全故障，由于补锂件230设置在端盖210与绝缘件220之间，绝缘件220还可以起到支撑作用，防止补锂件230与端盖210脱离连接。
其中，绝缘件220可以为橡胶或塑胶件等。
请参考图4，根据本申请的一些实施例，绝缘件220朝向端盖210的一侧形成有第一凹槽221，补锂件230容置于第一凹槽221内。
通过将绝缘件220朝向端盖210的一侧局部向远离端盖210的方向凹陷形成有第一凹槽221，第一凹槽221起到固定补锂件230的作用，并能够使补锂件230与端盖210保持导电连接。
具体地，第一凹槽221的形状不受限定，可以为方形或矩形等形状，保证能够固定补锂件230即可。
根据本申请的一些实施例，第一凹槽221的数量为两个，两个第一凹槽221设于绝缘件220长度方向的两端；补锂件230的数量与第一凹槽221的数量相同，并对应设置在两个第一凹槽221内。
具体地，在绝缘件220长度方向的两端均设置有第一凹槽221，在两个第一凹槽221内均设置有补锂件230，增加了补锂件230的数量，从而有助于延长对电池单体20的补锂时间，进一步提高电池单体20的使用寿命。同时，产品结构较为规整，有助于提高产品的美观度。
当然，第一凹槽221的数量也可以设置为大于两个，与补锂件230的数量对应即可，由于均能够实现本申请的目的，因此均应在本申请的保护范围内。
根据本申请的一些实施例，端盖210朝向绝缘件220的一侧形成有第二凹槽，补锂件230容置于第二凹槽内。
通过在端盖210朝向绝缘件220的一侧局部向远离绝缘件220的方向凹陷形成第二凹槽，补锂件230容置于第二凹槽内时，第二凹槽起到固定补锂件230的作用，并能够使补锂件230与端盖210保持导电连接。
当然，也可以在端盖210朝向绝缘层的一侧设置第三凹槽，在绝缘件220朝向端盖210的一侧设置有与第三凹槽的位置相对应的第四凹槽，补锂件230容置于第三凹槽和第四凹槽之间，从而起到固定补锂件230的作用，结构和原理均较为简单，易于实现。
请参考图4，根据本申请的一些实施例，绝缘件220上设有供锂离子通过的第一连通孔2211。
通过在绝缘件220上设置第一连通孔2211，第一连通孔2211与电池单体20的内部相连通，使得补锂件230电解出的锂离子能够从第一连通孔2211进入电池单体20内部的电解液，进而能够与电池单体20的正极片或负极片发生嵌入反应。
具体地，第一连通孔2211的数量为多个，多个第一连通孔2211呈阵列式分布在第一凹槽221的底壁面上。
根据本申请的一些实施例，补锂件230沿端盖210的厚度方向在绝缘件220上的投影至少部分地覆盖第一连通孔2211。
补锂件230上沿端盖210的厚度方向在绝缘件220上的投影至少部分覆盖第一连通孔2211，即补锂件230至少部分覆盖第一连通孔2211，从而使得补锂件230电解的锂离子能够快速地从第一连通孔2211进入到电池单体20内部的电解液，进而实现与正极片或负极片发生嵌入反应，以实现快速补锂的效果。
请参考图4，根据本申请的一些实施例，端盖组件21还包括：弹性支撑件240，弹性支撑件240设于绝缘件220和补锂件230之间，用于向补锂件230施加弹性力，以使补锂件230与端盖210相抵接。
端盖组件21还包括弹性支撑件240，弹性支撑件240设于绝缘件220与补锂件230之间，并处于弹性挤压状态，所以此时弹性支撑件240储存有弹性势能，补锂件230在补锂过程中会变薄，弹性支撑件240释放弹性势能时能够始终使补锂件230与端盖210相抵接，从而使得能够始终对电池单体20进行活性锂补充。
其中，弹性支撑件240的材质可以为镍网、不锈钢网、聚碳酸酯、PP(Polypropylene，聚丙烯)、PE(Polyethene，聚乙烯)等具有一定弹性支撑功能的材质。且弹性支撑件240可以为一个，也可以为多个，当弹性支撑件240为多个时，多个弹性支撑件240之间间隔设置，从而保证锂离子能够进入电池单体20的内部。
根据本申请的一些实施例，弹性支撑件240上设有供锂离子通过的第二连通孔。
通过在弹性支撑件240上设置第二连通孔，使得锂离子能够从弹性支撑件240上的第二连通孔进入端盖210上的第一连通孔2211，进而进入电池单体20内部的电解液，以实现活性锂补充。
根据本申请的一些实施例，端盖组件还包括：弹性导电件，弹性导电件设于端盖210和补锂件230之间，用于使端盖210与补锂件230保持导电连接。
端盖组件还包括设于端盖210与补锂件230之间的弹性导电件，弹性支撑件240的材质可以为镍网、不锈钢网等具有弹性且导电的材质，弹性导电件在绝缘件220与补锂件230的作用下处于弹性挤压状态，这样，当补锂件230消耗的过程中，能够发生弹性变形以释放弹性势能，并配合绝缘件220使补锂件230始终与弹性导电件相抵接，由于弹性导电件具有导电作用，因此又能够使补锂件230始终与端盖210保持导电连接。
根据本申请的一些实施例，端盖组件还包括：第一控制电路；其中，对于正极端子211与端盖210电连接的情况，第一控制电路的两端分别与正极端子211和端盖210电连接，并用于控制正极端子211与端盖210保持电连接或断开电连接；对于负极端子212与端盖210电连接的情况，第一控制电路的两端分别与负极端子212和端盖210电连接，并用于控制负极端子212与端盖210保持电连接或断开电连接。
根据本申请的一些实施例，端盖组件21还包括：第二控制电路；其中，对于正极端子211与端盖210电连接的情况，第二控制电路的两端分别与所述负极端子212和所述锂补充层电连接，并用于控制所述负极端子212与锂补充层保持电连接或断开电连接；对于所述负极端子212与所述端盖210电连接的情况，所述第二控制电路的两端分别与所述正极端子211和所述锂补充层电连接，并用于控制所述正极端子211与锂补充层保持电连接或断开电连接。
其中，第一控制电路和第二控制电路可以为导线连接的形式，导线上设置开关等进行电路通断的控制。
根据本申请的一些实施例，绝缘件220设有排气口，排气口用于与电池单体20内部相连通；端盖210设有与排气口相连通的泄压口，且泄压口设有防爆结构，防爆结构用于在电池单体20内部的压力达到阈值时执行泄压动作。
根据本申请的一些实施例，防爆阀包括与泄压口密封连接的防爆阀和盖设在防爆阀上方的 防爆阀保护片。
根据本申请的一些实施例，端盖210设有第一注液孔，绝缘件220设有与第一注液孔相连通的第二注液孔，第二注液孔用于与电池单体20内部相连通。
根据本申请的一些实施例，端盖210和绝缘件220中的一者设有卡凸，另一者设有与卡凸相适配的卡槽，卡凸插设于卡槽，使得端盖与绝缘件相卡接。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参见图3和图4，本申请提供了一种端盖组件21，用于盖设在电池单体20的壳体22的开口端，端盖组件21包括：端盖210、绝缘件220和设于端盖210与绝缘件220之间并与端盖210导电连接的补锂件230。其中，端盖210上设置有正极端子211、负极端子212、注液孔和防爆结构。正极端子211与负极端子212中的一个与端盖210导电连接，另一个与端盖210绝缘连接。
具体地，绝缘件220朝向端盖210的一侧设有第一凹槽221，第一凹槽221的数量为两个，两个第一凹槽221设置在端盖210长度方向的两端，第一凹槽221内设置有弹性支撑件240，弹性支撑件240设于补锂件230的底部，用于使补锂件230保持与端盖210导电连接。第一凹槽221的底壁面和弹性支撑件240上分别设有第一连通孔2211和第二连通孔，第一连通孔2211和第二连通孔用于供锂离子通过以进入电池单体20内部，并通过电池单体20内部的电解液的离子通道与正极片或负极片发生嵌入反应，从而实现补锂的目的。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的范围，其均应涵盖在本申请的权利要求和说明书的范围当中。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种端盖组件，用于电池单体，其特征在于，包括：
    端盖；
    正极端子和负极端子，设置于所述端盖，所述正极端子和所述负极端子中的一个与所述端盖导电连接，另一个与所述端盖绝缘连接；
    补锂件，所述补锂件设于所述端盖朝向所述电池单体内部的一侧，并与所述端盖导电连接，所述补锂件用于向所述电池单体内补充锂离子。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的端盖组件，其特征在于，还包括：
    绝缘件，设于所述端盖朝向所述电池单体内部的一侧，所述补锂件设于所述端盖与所述绝缘件之间。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的端盖组件，其特征在于，所述绝缘件朝向所述端盖的一侧形成有第一凹槽，所述补锂件容置于所述第一凹槽内。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的端盖组件，其特征在于，所述第一凹槽的数量为两个，两个所述第一凹槽设于所述绝缘件长度方向的两端；
    所述补锂件的数量与所述第一凹槽的数量相同，并对应设置在两个所述第一凹槽内。
  5. 根据权利要求2-4中任一项所述的端盖组件，其特征在于，所述端盖朝向所述绝缘件的一侧形成有第二凹槽，所述补锂件容置于所述第二凹槽内。
  6. 根据权利要求2-5中任一项所述的端盖组件，其特征在于，所述绝缘件上设有供所述锂离子通过的第一连通孔。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的端盖组件，其特征在于，所述补锂件沿所述端盖的厚度方向在所述绝缘件上的投影至少部分地覆盖所述第一连通孔。
  8. 根据权利要求2-7中任一项所述的端盖组件，其特征在于，还包括：
    弹性支撑件，所述弹性支撑件设于所述绝缘件和所述补锂件之间，用于向所述补锂件施加弹性力，以使所述补锂件与所述端盖相抵接。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的端盖组件，其特征在于，所述弹性支撑件上设有供所述锂离子通过的第二连通孔。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9中任一项所述的端盖组件，其特征在于，还包括：
    弹性导电件，所述弹性导电件设于所述端盖和所述补锂件之间，用于使所述端盖与所述补锂件保持导电连接。
  11. 一种电池单体，其特征在于，包括：
    壳体，设有开口端；和
    如权利要求1-10中任一项所述的端盖组件，所述端盖组件盖设于所述开口端。
  12. 一种电池，其特征在于，包括如权利要求11所述的电池单体。
  13. 一种用电装置，其特征在于，包括如权利要求12所述的电池。
PCT/CN2022/110910 2021-09-30 2022-08-08 端盖组件、电池单体、电池及用电装置 WO2023051033A1 (zh)

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