WO2023045188A1 - 一种融合惯性及静电场的脱粒清选装置及联合收获机 - Google Patents

一种融合惯性及静电场的脱粒清选装置及联合收获机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023045188A1
WO2023045188A1 PCT/CN2022/071245 CN2022071245W WO2023045188A1 WO 2023045188 A1 WO2023045188 A1 WO 2023045188A1 CN 2022071245 W CN2022071245 W CN 2022071245W WO 2023045188 A1 WO2023045188 A1 WO 2023045188A1
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Prior art keywords
threshing
cleaning device
drum
electric field
control system
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2022/071245
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
唐忠
李鹏程
梁亚权
章浩
丁翰韬
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Jiangsu University
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Jiangsu University
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Priority to GB2302051.4A priority Critical patent/GB2613713B/en
Publication of WO2023045188A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023045188A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
    • A01F12/00—Parts or details of threshing apparatus
    • A01F12/18—Threshing devices
    • A01F12/22—Threshing cylinders with teeth
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D41/00—Combines, i.e. harvesters or mowers combined with threshing devices
    • A01D41/12—Details of combines
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D41/00—Combines, i.e. harvesters or mowers combined with threshing devices
    • A01D41/12—Details of combines
    • A01D41/127—Control or measuring arrangements specially adapted for combines
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
    • A01F12/00—Parts or details of threshing apparatus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
    • A01F12/00—Parts or details of threshing apparatus
    • A01F12/18—Threshing devices
    • A01F12/24—One-part threshing concaves
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
    • A01F12/00—Parts or details of threshing apparatus
    • A01F12/44—Grain cleaners; Grain separators
    • A01F12/446—Sieving means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
    • G01L5/0061—Force sensors associated with industrial machines or actuators
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
    • G01R29/12—Measuring electrostatic fields or voltage-potential
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D13/00—Control of linear speed; Control of angular speed; Control of acceleration or deceleration, e.g. of a prime mover
    • G05D13/62—Control of linear speed; Control of angular speed; Control of acceleration or deceleration, e.g. of a prime mover characterised by the use of electric means, e.g. use of a tachometric dynamo, use of a transducer converting an electric value into a displacement
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/14—Measures for saving energy, e.g. in green houses

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of intelligent agricultural machinery, and in particular relates to a threshing and cleaning device and a combine harvester which integrate inertial and electrostatic fields.
  • Threshing and cleaning on the combine harvester are two important steps in rice harvesting.
  • the high impurity rate produced by the combine harvester during the rice harvesting process makes subsequent grain cleaning difficult.
  • Existing combine harvesters produce a large number of broken stalks and rice leaves mixed with the exfoliated grains during rice threshing, making it difficult to clean the subsequent grains.
  • the bottleneck restricting the cleaning of high impurity content in the rice exfoliated mixture is: the rice extruded mixture. High content of stalks and broken rice leaves; difficult to separate the kernels from the extraction mixture during cleaning.
  • the mass ratio of grains to residues in the rice extraction mixture is about 3:1, but the volume ratio of grains to residues is 1:3-1:4, which makes it difficult to clean the subsequent grains.
  • the existing technology mainly adopts the reciprocating wind screen type cleaning device structure, which is composed of a stepped shaking plate, a stepped punching cleaning screen, a fan, a tail screen and a crank swing arm mechanism.
  • the crank swing arm mechanism drives the airflow of the fan to utilize the grain Cleaning is carried out under a different gravity than the residue. So far, many scholars at home and abroad have carried out a lot of research on the structure optimization and performance control of the cleaning device. However, the structure of the traditional air screen cleaning device is still used, which is difficult to adapt to high The impurity content comes out of the status quo of cleaning the mixture.
  • the prior art discloses a cylindrical screening and cleaning device, which mainly includes a fan, a cylindrical sieve and a vibrator. The diameter of the cylinder screen is adjusted, so that it is not necessary to frequently replace the screen cylinder to adapt to different crops, but in principle, the vibration and wind are still used to clean the grain.
  • the present invention provides a threshing and cleaning device and a combine harvester that integrate inertial and electrostatic fields, and uses the variable transmission ratio transmission method provided by the special-shaped gear transmission to perform critical inertia threshing, forcing the grains to connect
  • the weakest point of strength breaks first to make the threshing more thorough; use the combined threshing and cleaning device of the cylindrical sieve and the threshing drum to form an electrostatic field between the cylindrical sieve and the concave plate sieve under the action of the electric field force and Coulomb repulsion.
  • the grains are easier to separate to complete the cleaning process, and a control system is established to adjust the speed of the threshing drum and the strength of the electric field to adapt to the impact of threshing caused by non-periodic changes in the amount of feed.
  • the present invention achieves the above-mentioned technical purpose through the following technical means.
  • a threshing and cleaning device that integrates inertial and electrostatic fields, including a threshing and cleaning device, a periodic transmission gearbox, a detection mechanism, and a control system;
  • An electrostatic field is generated inside;
  • the periodic transmission gearbox is connected to the drum of the threshing and cleaning device;
  • the detection mechanism is used to detect the electric field strength inside the threshing and cleaning device and the torque of the main shaft of the drum of the threshing and cleaning device, and transmit it to the control system;
  • the control system is respectively connected with the threshing and cleaning device, the periodic transmission gearbox and the detection mechanism.
  • the threshing and cleaning device includes a feeding head, a concave screen, a combined drum with spiked teeth, a device casing, a cylindrical sieve, a collection box, conveying and stirring, a driving gear, a feeding port and a positioning gear;
  • the feeding head, the concave plate sieve, the drum that separates from the drum cover and the spike-toothed rod form a drum body, and the drum body is installed on the device shell through the main shaft, and the cylindrical screen is installed coaxially with the drum body, and the circular
  • the drum screen meshes with the driving gear and the positioning gear, the driving gear is externally connected to the power source, the positioning gear is installed on the device shell, and the driving gear drives the drum screen to rotate;
  • the feeding port is connected with the feeding head, and the collecting The box is placed directly under the drum body, and the conveying and stirring is installed at the bottom of the collecting box.
  • the overall installation tail of the drum body is inclined downward by 20°-30°.
  • the threshing and cleaning device is also provided with an intercepting conveying plate; the intercepting conveying plate is installed at the tail of the cylindrical screen.
  • the intercepting conveying plate is divided into three sections; the first section is a semi-cylindrical structure with an angle of 30° to 40° with the horizontal direction; the second section is a flat plate structure with an angle of 50° to 60° with the horizontal direction, The second section is connected tangentially to the first section; the third section is a planar plate structure with an angle of 20°-30° to the horizontal direction, and the third section is connected tangentially to the second section.
  • the periodic transmission gearbox includes a periodic transmission speed change gear; the periodic transmission speed change gear stable transmission ratio area and a speed change area; the stable transmission ratio area includes two symmetrically arranged uniform speed transmission sections; the speed change area includes symmetrically arranged acceleration Special-shaped teeth are installed at the connection between the variable speed zone and the constant speed transmission section.
  • the detection mechanism includes a torque sensor and an electrostatic sensor; the torque sensor is used to detect the torque of the drum shaft of the threshing and cleaning device; the electrostatic sensor is used to detect the electric field strength inside the threshing and cleaning device.
  • a combine harvester comprising the threshing and cleaning device that integrates inertial and electrostatic fields.
  • a method for controlling the threshing and cleaning device according to the fusion of inertial and electrostatic fields characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
  • Setting parameters including the preset values of drum speed parameters and electric field strength
  • the high-voltage discharger generates an electrostatic field in the threshing and cleaning device, and the periodic transmission gearbox drives the drum of the threshing and cleaning device to rotate;
  • the detection mechanism detects the electric field strength inside the threshing and cleaning device and the torque of the drum spindle of the threshing and cleaning device, and transmits them to the control system;
  • the control system adjusts the number of stages of the periodic transmission gearbox according to the torque to control the rotating speed of the drum of the threshing and cleaning device, and adjusts the electric field intensity according to the rotating speed.
  • the detection mechanism collects the maximum value of the periodic change of the drum spindle torque of the threshing and cleaning device during the working process, continuously collects the maximum value of all periodic changes within a certain period of time, and performs weighted averaging on the collected data.
  • the electric field strength in the threshing and cleaning device will continuously collect the maximum value of the data within a certain period of time and transmit it to the control system; when the control system calculates that the weighted average value of the received torque is range, the control system controls the drum speed of the threshing and cleaning device through the periodic transmission gearbox; when the maximum value of the electric field intensity received by the control system is lower than or higher than a certain range of the preset value, the corresponding electric field intensity will be adjusted according to the change of the drum speed Make adjustments.
  • the threshing and cleaning device of the present invention which combines inertial and electrostatic fields uses a cylindrical sieve to effectively reduce the vibration amplitude of the traditional reciprocating flat screen, and the threshing and cleaning device in which the cylindrical sieve and the threshing drum are combined,
  • the mechanical structure is optimized, which saves a lot of space required by the cleaning device inside the harvesting machine, and makes the internal structure of the harvesting machine more compact. To a certain extent, it does not affect the quality of threshing and cleaning under the premise of reducing the size of the whole machine.
  • the inclined installation form And the use of electric field force saves the use of fan, reduces some mechanical noise, and improves the comfort of the driver.
  • the threshing and cleaning device that integrates inertial and electrostatic fields according to the present invention is aimed at the fact that the rice stem/leaf fracture force is different from the grain stalk tensile fracture force and there is a phenomenon of multi-peak fluctuation elastic delayed fracture, which is provided by special-shaped gear transmission.
  • the transmission mode with variable transmission ratio is used for critical inertia threshing, and the transient inertia threshing force formed by the transient acceleration causes the rice plant to break at the point of the minimum tensile fracture force, such as the upper grain stalk, so that the exfoliated mixture contains only a small amount of broken rice.
  • the impurity content of leaves is low.
  • the threshing and cleaning device of the present invention that combines inertial and electrostatic fields aims at the problem that it is difficult to separate the grains from the mixture due to the agglomeration force formed by the rice extracts after mixing.
  • the differences in electrical conductivity and chargeability lead to differences in electrical conductivity and chargeability, so that the cleaning process is carried out in the electric field, so that the charged grains and residues tend to separate under the action of different forces such as electric field force, Coulomb repulsion, and gravity. , successfully realize the separation of grains and impurities, and improve the cleaning efficiency.
  • the threshing and cleaning device that integrates inertial and electrostatic fields according to the present invention has a non-periodic change in the feeding amount of the harvester when harvesting under actual working conditions.
  • a set of control system is established, mainly by detecting the torque of the threshing drum
  • the maximum value of the periodic change detects the non-periodic change of the feeding amount, and then automatically adjusts the electric field strength of the electrostatic field and the spindle speed of the threshing drum to adapt to the corresponding different feeding amounts, so that the parameter configuration is optimal and the power utilization rate is improved. , Realizing the intelligentization of agricultural mechanization operations.
  • Fig. 1 is the paddy threshing cleaning device and combine harvester schematic diagram based on corona-electrostatic field of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is the cut-away front view of the cylinder sieve of the rice threshing and cleaning device based on the corona-electrostatic field of the present invention
  • Fig. 3 is the side view of the rice threshing and cleaning device based on the corona-electrostatic field of the present invention
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the collection box of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of intercepting conveying plate of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is the transmission schematic diagram of the rice threshing and cleaning device of corona-electrostatic field of the present invention
  • Fig. 7 is a meshing diagram of periodic transmission transmission gears of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is an explanatory diagram of the principle of the periodic transmission transmission gear of the present invention.
  • Fig. 9 is the working flow diagram of the rice threshing and cleaning device based on the corona-electrostatic field of the present invention.
  • Fig. 10 is a circuit diagram of a high voltage generator of the present invention.
  • Fig. 11 is a block diagram of the feedback control of the control system of the present invention.
  • Fig. 12 is a control frame diagram of the control system of the present invention.
  • Fig. 13 is a control flow chart of the control system of the present invention.
  • 1-electrostatic threshing and cleaning device 101-feeding head, 102-concave screen, 103-screw-toothed rod combination drum, 104-device shell, 105-cylindrical sieve, 106-collecting box, 107- Conveying and stirring, 108-driving gear, 109-intercepting conveying plate, 1010-feed inlet, 1011-positioning gear, 2-period transmission gearbox, 201-period transmission transmission gear, 301-battery, 302-torque sensor.
  • first and second are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be interpreted as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as “first” and “second” may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of these features.
  • “plurality” means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.
  • Figure 1 shows a preferred embodiment of the threshing and cleaning device of the fusion inertia and electrostatic field
  • the threshing and cleaning device of the fusion inertia and electrostatic field includes a harvesting device, including a threshing and cleaning device 1, a periodic transmission A gearbox 2, a detection mechanism and a control system; a high-voltage discharger is arranged inside the threshing and cleaning device 1, and the high-voltage discharger causes an electrostatic field to be generated in the threshing and cleaning device 1; the periodic transmission gearbox 2 and the drum of the threshing and cleaning device 1 connected; the detection mechanism is used to detect the electric field strength inside the threshing and cleaning device 1, and the torque of the drum spindle of the threshing and cleaning device 1, and transmit it to the control system; the control system is connected with the threshing and cleaning device 1 and the periodic transmission gearbox respectively 2 is connected with the detection mechanism.
  • the detection mechanism includes a torque sensor 302 and an electrostatic sensor; the torque sensor 302 is used to detect the torque of the drum shaft of the threshing and cleaning device 1; the electrostatic sensor is used to detect the electric field strength inside the threshing and cleaning device 1 .
  • the threshing and cleaning device 1 includes a feeding head 101, a concave plate sieve 102, a combined drum 103 with spike-toothed bars, a device shell 104, a cylindrical sieve 105, Collecting box 106, conveying and stirring 107, driving gear 108, intercepting conveying plate 109, feed port 1010, positioning gear 1011; described feeding head 101, concave plate sieve 102, cover plate and nail-toothed bar combination drum 103 form
  • the drum body the drum body is fixed on the upper position in the device casing 104 through the main shaft, the cylindrical screen 105 is installed coaxially with the drum body, the cylindrical screen 105 is meshed with the driving gear 108 and the positioning gear 1011, and the driving gear 108 is externally connected to the power source through the central shaft, and the positioning gear 1011 is installed on the device casing 104 through the central shaft, and the driving gear 108 drives the cylindrical screen 105
  • the cylindrical sieve 105 and the concave plate sieve 102 are respectively connected to the high-voltage discharger.
  • the cylindrical sieve 105 is connected to the high-voltage positive electrode
  • the concave plate sieve 102 is connected to the high-voltage negative electrode, so as to make the grains and other residues pass through the concave plate sieve.
  • the cylindrical screen 105 is installed coaxially and parallel to the concave screen 102, and the feeding head 101, the concave screen 102, the drum cover plate and the nail-toothed rod combined drum
  • the overall installation tail of the drum body formed by 103 is 20°-30° lower, referring to the dynamic expression model of the grain in the electric field:
  • R represents the position vector of the rice stem/leaf/grain away from the origin; E(R, t) represents the electric field vector; F e (R, t) represents the gradient force acting on the rice stem/leaf/grain, etc.
  • the resultant force of the electric field force, gravity and Coulomb repulsion on the grain and the residue has a component parallel to the direction of the cylindrical sieve 105, so that the grain and the residue are separated, and the grain falls into 106 under the action of the resultant force, and the residue under the action of the resultant force
  • the threshing and cleaning device 1 is taken out.
  • the intercepting conveying plate 109 is divided into three sections; the first section is a semi-cylindrical structure with an included angle of 30° to 40° with the horizontal direction; the second section is a flat plate structure with an included angle with the horizontal direction of 50° to 60° , the second section is connected tangentially to the first section; the third section is a planar plate structure with an angle of 20° to 30° with the horizontal direction, and the third section is connected tangentially to the second section.
  • the intercepting conveying plate 109 uses an insulating smooth material.
  • the grains and debris falling within 200 mm from the tail of the concave screen 102 are intercepted to 300 mm from the tail of the cylindrical screen 105 for screening, so as to prevent the concave screen 102 tail from The fallen grains and debris are directly discharged from the machine without sifting.
  • the transmission system of the threshing and cleaning device of the described fusion inertial and electrostatic field comprises input sprocket, positioning gear 1011, drive gear 108, periodic transmission transmission gear box 2, by harvester
  • the power output by the power unit is delivered to the periodic transmission transmission gearbox 2 by the input sprocket.
  • the periodic transmission transmission transmission gearbox 2 is set as a three-stage transmission gearbox, which mainly realizes three rotation speeds of the spike-toothed rod combination drum 103.
  • the periodic transmission transmission gear 201 is included; the stable transmission ratio area and the transmission area of the periodic transmission transmission gear 201; the stable transmission ratio area includes two symmetrically arranged constant speed transmission sections, and the constant speed transmission section angle
  • the speed change area includes symmetrically arranged acceleration area and deceleration area, and the angle of the speed change area is 60°; special-shaped teeth are installed at the connection between the speed change area (acceleration/deceleration) and the uniform speed transmission section, and the strength is increased to ensure that the gear teeth are damaged when the transmission ratio changes
  • the power of the cylindrical screen 105 is transmitted by the driving gear 108, the driving gear provides a stable speed that does not change with the parameters, and the positioning gear 1011 plays a supporting role.
  • the main working process of the threshing and cleaning device integrating inertial and electrostatic fields is that the grain transported by harvesting enters the interior of the spike-toothed rod combination drum 103 from the feeding head 101,
  • the speed change gear box 2 under the action of the driving force of the variable transmission ratio, undergoes threshing by inertial threshing methods such as rubbing and hitting of nail teeth and grain bars, and the grain prolapses are charged through the concave screen 102 and enter the concave screen 102.
  • the grains and residues are separated against the agglomeration force under the action of Coulomb repulsion, and acceleration is generated along the direction of the resultant force under the action of gravity and electric field force, because the grains and residues contain water Different rates lead to different charge amounts, which in turn affect their different motion states in the electric field force, which makes the separation more thorough and enhances the cleaning effect.
  • the pressurizing circuit of the high-voltage arrester mainly includes an overcurrent protector, a step-up transformer and a step-down transformer, an ammeter, a silicon rectifier, an inductor, an electrostatic voltmeter, a cylindrical sieve high-voltage positive electrode, and a concave plate Sieve the high-voltage negative pole;
  • the overcurrent protector is connected in series in the circuit to protect the circuit and prevent the circuit from overloading;
  • the switch is connected in series in the circuit to control the power supply of the circuit;
  • the step-down transformer is used to reduce the output voltage after the switch, thereby reducing Line power loss;
  • the voltmeter is connected in parallel in the circuit to display the real-time voltage of the circuit;
  • the ammeter is connected in series in the circuit to display the real-time current of the circuit;
  • the step-up transformer is installed at the end of the circuit, close to the output end of the high-voltage electrode , used to boost the voltage to the required value;
  • the silicon rectifier is close to the
  • the control system 3 includes a main controller, a drum execution controller, and a voltage output execution controller.
  • the torque sensor is used to collect the torque of the main shaft of the drum 103 and transmit it to the main controller.
  • the controller controls the drum execution controller to adjust the 2 stages of the periodic transmission gearbox to control the rotation speed of the drum 103;
  • the electrostatic sensor is used to collect the electrostatic signal between the concave screen 102 and the cylindrical screen 105, and transmit it to the main control
  • the main controller is used to control the voltage output according to the electrostatic signal to execute the controller to adjust the electric field intensity between the concave screen 102 and the cylindrical screen 105 .
  • the main controller is installed on the console and is connected to the torque sensor 302, the electrostatic inductor, and the execution controller respectively, and the execution controller is connected to the periodic transmission variable speed respectively.
  • Box 2 storage battery 301 and high-voltage discharger are connected, the torque sensor 302 is installed on the main shaft of the nail-toothed bar combination drum 103, and the electrostatic sensor is installed in the electric field between the concave screen 102 and the cylindrical screen 105, so
  • the voltage regulating transformer, voltmeter, ammeter, and overvoltage protector are integrated and installed under the console, and are connected to an external console data display to display data.
  • Setting parameters including the preset value of the drum speed parameter and the electric field strength, the preset value is determined by the test bench according to the working condition experiment, and the parameter setting of the simulation test and the parameter setting of the actual working condition are kept within a reasonable deviation range ;
  • the high-voltage discharger generates an electrostatic field in the threshing and cleaning device 1, and the periodic transmission gearbox 2 drives the drum of the threshing and cleaning device 1 to rotate;
  • the detection mechanism detects the electric field strength inside the threshing and cleaning device 1 and the torque of the drum spindle of the threshing and cleaning device 1, and transmits them to the control system;
  • the control system adjusts the stages of the periodic transmission gearbox 2 according to the torque to control the drum speed of the threshing and cleaning device 1, and adjusts the electric field intensity according to the speed.
  • the detection mechanism collects the maximum value of the periodic change of the drum spindle torque of the threshing and cleaning device 1 during the working process, continuously collects the maximum value of all periodic changes within a certain period of time, and performs weighted averaging on the collected data.
  • the electric field strength in the cleaning device 1 continuously collects the maximum value of the data within a certain period of time and transmits it to the control system; when the weighted average value of the received torque calculated by the control system is lower than or higher than a certain range of the preset value , the control system controls the drum speed of the threshing and cleaning device 1 through the periodic transmission gearbox 2; when the maximum electric field intensity received by the control system is lower than or higher than a certain range of the preset value, the corresponding electric field intensity Make adjustments.
  • control method of the threshing and cleaning device that integrates inertial and electrostatic fields specifically includes the following steps:
  • the standard preset value comes from the experimental measurement of the test bench, and the parameter setting of the simulation test and the parameter setting of the actual working condition are kept within a reasonable deviation range
  • the main controller starts the spike-toothed rod combined roller 103 and the high-voltage discharger, and the control device performs power distribution according to the no-load preset value parameters, and detects the load of the device;
  • the torque sensor 302 collects the spiked rod combined roller 103 in the working process
  • the maximum value of the periodic change of the spindle torque, the maximum value of all periodic changes within 5s is continuously collected, and the collected data is weighted and averaged; at the same time, the electrostatic sensor collects the electric field strength parameters during the work process, and the maximum value of the data within 3s is continuously collected; when the main control When the weighted average value of the collected torque calculated by the controller is lower than or higher than 20% of the preset value, the main controller compares and judges the result and sends
  • a combine harvester comprising the threshing and cleaning device and the method thereof according to the fusion of inertial and electrostatic fields described in Embodiment 1 has the beneficial effects of Embodiment 1 and will not be repeated here.
  • the combine harvester includes a conveying device, a control console, a threshing and cleaning device that integrates inertial and electrostatic fields, a crawler belt and a crawler chassis; It communicates with the conveying device, and through the action of an external electrostatic field in the internal closed space, the rice is thoroughly cleaned under the action of electric field force and Coulomb repulsion after threshing; the periodic transmission gearbox 2 is installed close to the threshing and cleaning device 1 to provide Power, the joystick is externally connected to the driver's seat; the control system detects the non-periodic change of the feeding amount through the torque sensor to detect the maximum value of the periodic change of the torque of the threshing drum under different working conditions, so as to automatically adjust the periodic transmission gearbox The number of stages and the electric field force of the electrostatic threshing and cleaning device.
  • the crops are harvested by the harvesting device, transported by the conveying device to the threshing and cleaning device that integrates inertial and electrostatic fields for threshing and cleaning, and finally the grains are transported and stirred and transported to the grain collection truck, and the residue is discharged from the machine.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
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  • Threshing Machine Elements (AREA)

Abstract

提供一种融合惯性及静电场的脱粒清选装置及联合收获机，包括脱粒清选装置（1）、周期传动变速箱（2）、检测机构和控制系统；脱粒清选装置（1）内部设置高压放电器，高压放电器使脱粒清选装置内产生静电场；周期传动变速箱（2）与脱粒清选装置（1）的滚筒连接；检测机构用于检测脱粒清选装置内部的电场强度、以及脱粒清选装置滚筒主轴的扭矩，并传递给控制系统。利用异形齿轮（201）传动进行临界惯性脱粒，迫使籽粒连接强度最弱点率先断裂使得脱粒更加彻底；通过给圆筒筛（105）与凹板筛（102）通电使其中间形成静电场，在电场力与库伦斥力的作用下使籽粒更容易分离从而完成清选过程，对脱粒滚筒转速及电场强度进行调节，以适应喂入量非周期性变化带来的脱粒影响。

Description

一种融合惯性及静电场的脱粒清选装置及联合收获机 技术领域
本发明属于智能农机技术领域，尤其涉及一种融合惯性及静电场的脱粒清选装置及联合收获机。
背景技术
联合收割机上脱粒和清选是水稻收获的两个重要环节，然而联合收割机在水稻收获过程中产生的高含杂率却导致后续籽粒清选困难。现有联合收割机在水稻脱粒时产生的大量碎茎秆、碎稻叶与脱出籽粒混合造成后续籽粒清选困难，目前制约水稻脱出混合物高含杂率清选的瓶颈在于：水稻脱出混合物中碎茎秆和碎稻叶含量过高；清选过程中难以将籽粒从脱出混合物中进行分离。水稻脱出混合物中籽粒与杂余质量比约为3:1，但籽粒与杂余体积比却为1:3～1:4，由此导致了后续籽粒清选困难。
现有技术主要采用往复式风筛式清选装置结构，由阶梯式抖动版、阶梯冲孔清选筛、风机、尾筛和曲柄摆臂机构组成，通过曲柄摆臂机构驱动配合风机的气流，利用籽粒与杂余所受重力不同进行清选，目前为止国内外众多学者在清选装置结构优化及性能控制等方面开展了较多研究，但仍采用传统风筛式清选装置的结构，难以适应高含杂率脱出混合物清选的现状。现有技术公开一种圆筒筛分清选装置，主要包括风机、圆筒筛和振动器，装置进风口与离心风机相连接入气流并输送进清选空间，增加了吊耳装置，可以对圆筒筛网直径进行调整，从而不必频繁更换筛筒来适应不同作物，但从原理上看依旧采用振动和风送的方式对谷物进行清选。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的不足，本发明提供了一种融合惯性及静电场的脱粒清选装置及联合收获机，利用异形齿轮传动提供的变传动比的传动方法进行临界惯性脱粒，迫使籽粒连接强度最弱点率先断裂使得脱粒更加彻底；使用圆筒筛与脱粒滚筒组合脱粒清选装置，通过给圆筒筛与凹板筛通电使其中间形成静电场，在电场力与库伦斥力的作用下使籽粒更容易分离从而完成清选过程，建立控制系统，对脱粒滚筒转速及电场强度进行调节，以适应喂入量非周期性变化带来的脱粒影响。
本发明是通过以下技术手段实现上述技术目的的。
一种融合惯性及静电场的脱粒清选装置，包括脱粒清选装置、周期传动变速箱、检测机构和控制系统；所述脱粒清选装置内部设置高压放电器，高压放电器使脱粒清选装置内产生 静电场；周期传动变速箱与脱粒清选装置的滚筒连接；所述检测机构用于检测脱粒清选装置内部的电场强度、以及脱粒清选装置滚筒主轴的扭矩，并传递给控制系统；控制系统分别与脱粒清选装置、周期传动变速箱和检测机构连接。
上述方案中，所述脱粒清选装置包括喂入头、凹板筛、钉齿纹杆组合滚筒、装置外壳、圆筒筛、收集箱、输送搅拢、驱动齿轮、进料口和定位齿轮；所述喂入头、凹板筛、脱离滚筒盖板和钉齿纹杆组合滚筒形成滚筒体，所述滚筒体通过主轴安装在装置外壳上，所述圆筒筛与滚筒体同轴安装，圆筒筛与驱动齿轮和定位齿轮啮合，所述驱动齿轮外接动力源，所述定位齿轮安装于装置外壳上，驱动齿轮驱动圆筒筛转动；所述进料口与喂入头连接，所述收集箱放置于滚筒体正下方，所述输送搅拢安装于收集箱底部。
进一步的，所述滚筒体整体安装尾部向下倾斜20°-30°。
上述方案中，所述脱粒清选装置还设有拦截输送板；所述拦截输送板安装在圆筒筛的尾部。
进一步的，所述拦截输送板分成三段；第一段为半圆柱体结构，与水平方向夹角30°～40°；第二段为平面板结构，与水平方向夹角为50°～60°，第二段与第一段相切连接；第三段为平面板结构，与水平方向夹角20°～30°，第三段与第二段相切连接。
上述方案中，所述周期传动变速箱包括周期传动变速齿轮；所述周期传动变速齿轮稳定传动比区和变速区；稳定传动比区包括两个对称布置的匀速传动段；变速区包括对称布置加速区与减速区；变速区与匀速传动段连接处安装异型齿。
上述方案中，所述检测机构包括转矩传感器和静电感应器；所述转矩传感器用于检测脱粒清选装置滚筒主轴的扭矩；所述静电感应器用于检测脱粒清选装置内部的电场强度。
一种联合收获机，包括所述的融合惯性及静电场的脱粒清选装置。
一种根据所述的融合惯性及静电场的脱粒清选装置的控制方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
设置参数：包括滚筒转速参数和电场强度的预设值；
所述高压放电器使脱粒清选装置内产生静电场，周期传动变速箱驱动脱粒清选装置的滚筒转动；
所述检测机构检测脱粒清选装置内部的电场强度、以及脱粒清选装置的滚筒主轴的扭矩，并传递给控制系统；
所述控制系统根据扭矩调节周期传动变速箱的级数从而控制脱粒清选装置的滚筒转速，根据转速调节电场强度。
上述方案中，所述检测机构采集工作过程中脱粒清选装置的滚筒主轴扭矩周期变化的最 大值，连续采集一定时间内所有周期变化的最大值，并对采集数据进行加权平均化，同时采集工作过程中脱粒清选装置内电场强度，连续采集一定时间内数据的最大值，并传递给控制系统；当所述控制系统计算接收到的扭矩的加权平均值低于或高于预设值的一定范围时，控制系统通过周期传动变速箱控制脱粒清选装置的滚筒转速；当控制系统接收到的电场强度最大值低于或高于预设值的一定范围时，根据滚筒转速变化对相应电场强度进行调节。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
1.本发明所述的融合惯性及静电场的脱粒清选装置，使用圆筒筛有效降低了传统往复式平面筛的振动幅值，圆筒筛与脱粒滚筒组合为一体的脱粒清选装置，优化了机械机构，节省了收获机械内部清选装置所需的大量空间，使收获机械内部结构更加紧凑，一定程度上在缩减整机尺寸的前提下不影响脱粒清选质量，同时倾斜的安装形式和电场力的使用省去了风机的使用，降低了部分机械噪声，也提高了驾驶员的舒适性。
2.本发明所述的融合惯性及静电场的脱粒清选装置，针对水稻茎/叶断裂力与粒柄抗拉断裂力大小不同且存在多峰波动弹性延迟断裂的现象，使用异形齿轮传动提供变传动比的传动方式进行临界惯性脱粒，通过瞬态加速度形成的瞬态惯性脱粒力使得水稻植株上粒柄等抗拉断裂力极小值点处断裂，从而使得脱出混合物为仅含有少量碎稻叶的含杂率较低。
3.本发明所述的融合惯性及静电场的脱粒清选装置，针对水稻脱出物在混杂后形成团聚作用力造成的难以将籽粒从混合物中进行分离的问题，利用水稻茎、叶、粒含水率差异导致其导电性和荷电性差异，让其清选过程在电场内进行，使带电的籽粒与杂余在受到的电场力、库伦斥力、重力等不同力的作用下存在相互分离的趋势，成功实现籽粒与杂余的分离，提高了清选效率。
4.本发明所述的融合惯性及静电场的脱粒清选装置，针对实际工作情况下收获机收割时的喂入量存在非周期性变化影响，建立一套控制系统，主要通过检测脱粒滚筒扭矩周期变化的最大值对喂入量非周期性变化进行检测，进而自动调节静电场的电场强度及脱粒滚筒主轴转速来适应对应的不同喂入量，使得参数配置达到最佳，提高了功率利用率，实现了农业机械化作业智能化。
附图说明
图1为本发明基于电晕-静电场的水稻脱粒清选装置及联合收获机示意图；
图2为本发明基于电晕-静电场的水稻脱粒清选装置圆筒筛剖开主视图；
图3为本发明基于电晕-静电场的水稻脱粒清选装置侧视图；
图4为本发明收集箱示意图；
图5为本发明拦截输送板示意图；
图6为本发明电晕-静电场的水稻脱粒清选装置传动示意图；
图7为本发明周期传动变速齿轮啮合图；
图8为本发明周期传动变速齿轮原理说明图；
图9为本发明基于电晕-静电场的水稻脱粒清选装置工作流程图；
图10为本发明高压发生器电路图；
图11为本发明控制系统反馈控制方框图；
图12为本发明控制系统控制框架图；
图13为本发明控制系统控制流程图。
图中：1-静电脱粒清选装置，101-喂入头，102-凹板筛，103-钉齿纹杆组合滚筒，104-装置外壳，105-圆筒筛，106-收集箱，107-输送搅拢，108-驱动齿轮，109-拦截输送板，1010-进料口，1011-定位齿轮，2-周期传动变速箱，201-周期传动变速齿轮，301-蓄电池，302-转矩传感器。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本发明的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，旨在用于解释本发明，而不能理解为对本发明的限制。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“轴向”、“径向”、“竖直”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本发明的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
实施例1
图1所示为所述融合惯性及静电场的脱粒清选装置的一种较佳实施方式，所述融合惯性 及静电场的脱粒清选装置包括收割装置，包括脱粒清选装置1、周期传动变速箱2、检测机构和控制系统；所述脱粒清选装置1内部设置高压放电器，高压放电器使脱粒清选装置1内产生静电场；周期传动变速箱2与脱粒清选装置1的滚筒连接；所述检测机构用于检测脱粒清选装置1内部的电场强度、以及脱粒清选装置1滚筒主轴的扭矩，并传递给控制系统；控制系统分别与脱粒清选装置1、周期传动变速箱2和检测机构连接。优选的，所述检测机构包括转矩传感器302和静电感应器；所述转矩传感器302用于检测脱粒清选装置1滚筒主轴的扭矩；所述静电感应器用于检测脱粒清选装置1内部的电场强度。
如图2、图3、图4、图5所示，所述脱粒清选装置1包括喂入头101、凹板筛102、钉齿纹杆组合滚筒103、装置外壳104、圆筒筛105、收集箱106、输送搅拢107、驱动齿轮108、拦截输送板109、进料口1010、定位齿轮1011；所述喂入头101、凹板筛102、盖板和钉齿纹杆组合滚筒103形成滚筒体，所述滚筒体通过主轴固定在装置外壳104中偏上位置，所述圆筒筛105与滚筒体同轴安装，圆筒筛105与驱动齿轮108和定位齿轮1011啮合，所述驱动齿轮108通过中心轴外接动力源，所述定位齿轮1011通过中心轴安装于装置外壳104上，驱动齿轮108驱动圆筒筛105转动；所述进料口1010的进料板与喂入头101的底板相接，所述收集箱106放置于滚筒体正下方，所述输送搅拢107安装于收集箱106底部，拦截输送板109放置在圆筒筛105尾部。所述圆筒筛105和凹板筛102分别与高压放电器连接，优选的，所述圆筒筛105连高压正极、凹板筛102连高压负极，用于使籽粒与杂余通过凹板筛102时荷电，并使籽粒与杂余在圆筒筛105、凹板筛102组成的电场中受电场力与库伦斥力作用，同时圆筒筛105、凹板筛102与整机装置连接处均使用绝缘材料进行阻隔，防止发生漏电现象；所述所述圆筒筛105与凹板筛102同轴平行安装，喂入头101、凹板筛102、脱离滚筒盖板和钉齿纹杆组合滚筒103形成的滚筒体整体安装尾部偏下20°-30°，参考籽粒在电场中的动力学表达模型：
Figure PCTCN2022071245-appb-000001
式中，R表示水稻茎/叶/粒离原点的位置矢量；E(R，t)表示电场矢量；F e(R，t)表示作用于水稻茎/叶/粒上的梯度力等除去库仑力以外的电性力；F e(R)表示除作用于籽粒和杂余的电性力以外的外力；η表示媒质的粘性系数；a表示等效半径；m表示质量；q表示电荷量。使得籽粒与杂余受到的电场力、重力与库伦斥力的合力有平行于圆筒筛105方向的分量，使得籽粒和杂余分离，且籽粒在合力的作用下落入106，杂余在合力的作用下脱出脱粒清选装置1。
优选的，所述拦截输送板109分成三段；第一段为半圆柱体结构，与水平方向夹角30° ～40°；第二段为平面板结构，与水平方向夹角为50°～60°，第二段与第一段相切连接；第三段为平面板结构，与水平方向夹角20°～30°，第三段与第二段相切连接。所述拦截输送板109使用绝缘光滑材料，优选的，将凹板筛102距尾部200mm内掉落的籽粒与杂余拦截到距圆筒筛105尾部300mm处进行筛分，防止凹板筛102尾部掉落的籽粒与杂余未经筛分直接被排出机体。
如图6、图7、图8所示，所述融合惯性及静电场的脱粒清选装置的传动系统包括输入链轮、定位齿轮1011、驱动齿轮108、周期传动变速齿轮箱2，由收获机动力装置输出的动力由输入链轮输送到周期传动变速齿轮箱2，优选的，所述周期传动变速齿轮箱2设置为三级变速齿轮箱，主要实现钉齿纹杆组合滚筒103对三种转速的需要，所述周期传动变速箱2包括周期传动变速齿轮201；所述周期传动变速齿轮201稳定传动比区和变速区；稳定传动比区包括两个对称布置的匀速传动段，匀速传动段角度为120°；变速区包括对称布置加速区与减速区，变速区角度为60°；变速区(加速/减速)与匀速传动段连接处安装异型齿，加大强度保证传动比变化时轮齿破坏；所述圆筒筛105动力由驱动齿轮108传入，驱动齿轮提供稳定的不随参数变化的转速，定位齿轮1011起支撑作用。
如图9、图10所示，所述融合惯性及静电场的脱粒清选装置主要工作流程为，由收割输送的谷物由喂入头101进入到钉齿纹杆组合滚筒103内部，在周期传动变速齿轮箱2将变传动比的驱动力作用下，经过钉齿和纹杆的揉搓、击打等惯性脱粒方法的脱粒，谷物脱出物经凹板筛102荷电，并进入到凹板筛102与圆筒筛105的电场清选空间内，籽粒与杂余在库伦斥力的作用下抵抗团聚力而分开，并在重力与电场力的作用下沿合力的方向产生加速度，由于籽粒与杂余含水率不同，导致荷电量不同，进而影响其在电场力中的运动状态不同，从而使分离更加彻底，增强了清选效果。
如图10所示，所述高压放电器的加压电路主要包括过流保护器、升压变压器和降压变压器、电流表、硅整流器、电感器、静电电压计、圆筒筛高压正极、凹板筛高压负极；所述过流保护器串联在电路中用于保护电路，防止电路过载；所述开关串联在电路中控制电路通电；所述降压变压器在开关之后，用于降低输出电压从而降低线路功率损耗；所述电压表并联在电路中，用于显示电路实时电压；所述电流表串联在电路中，用于显示电路实时电流；所述升压变压器安装于电路末端，靠近高压电极输出端，用于将电压提升至所需值；所述硅整流器靠近升压变压器，用于将电流整流以稳定的直流电流输出至高压电极；所述电感器串联安装于硅整流器后；所述静电电压计并联连接于电感器之后，用于实时显示高压电场电压值；所述圆筒筛高压正极、凹板筛高压负极分别与圆筒筛、凹板筛相连，用于高压输出，提供高压静电场。如图11所示，所述控制系统3包括主控制器、滚筒执行控制器、电压输出执行控 制器，所述扭矩传感器用于采集滚筒103的主轴的扭矩，并传递给主控制器，主控制器根据扭矩信号控制滚筒执行控制器调节周期传动变速箱2级数，来控制滚筒103的转速；静电传感器用于采集凹板筛102和圆筒筛105之间的静电信号，并传递给主控制器，主控制器用于根据静电信号控制压输出执行控制器调节凹板筛102和圆筒筛105之间的电场强度。
如图10、图11、图12、图13所示，所述主控制器安装在操纵台上分别与转矩传感器302、静电感应器、执行控制器相连，所述执行控制器分别与周期传动变速箱2、蓄电池301及高压放电器相连，所述转矩传感器302安装在钉齿纹杆组合滚筒103的主轴上，所述静电感应器安装于凹板筛102与圆筒筛105中间电场内，所述调压变压器、电压表、电流表、过压保护器集成安装于操纵台下且外接操纵台数据显示器外显数据。
所述融合惯性及静电场的脱粒清选装置的控制方法，包括以下步骤：
设置参数：包括滚筒转速参数和电场强度的预设值，预设值由试验台架根据工况实验测定，其中模拟试验的参数设定与实际工况的参数设定保持在在合理偏差区间内；
所述高压放电器使脱粒清选装置1内产生静电场，周期传动变速箱2驱动脱粒清选装置1的滚筒转动；
所述检测机构检测脱粒清选装置1内部的电场强度、以及脱粒清选装置1的滚筒主轴的扭矩，并传递给控制系统；
所述控制系统根据扭矩调节周期传动变速箱2的级数从而控制脱粒清选装置1的滚筒转速，根据转速调节电场强度。
所述检测机构采集工作过程中脱粒清选装置1的滚筒主轴扭矩周期变化的最大值，连续采集一定时间内所有周期变化的最大值，并对采集数据进行加权平均化，同时采集工作过程中脱粒清选装置1内电场强度，连续采集一定时间内数据的最大值，并传递给控制系统；当所述控制系统计算接收到的扭矩的加权平均值低于或高于预设值的一定范围时，控制系统通过周期传动变速箱2控制脱粒清选装置1的滚筒转速；当控制系统接收到的电场强度最大值低于或高于预设值的一定范围时，根据滚筒转速变化对相应电场强度进行调节。
根据本实施例，优选的，所述融合惯性及静电场的脱粒清选装置的控制方法，具体包括以下步骤：
确定主控制器的预设值，包括滚筒转速参数和电场强度参数，标准预设值来自试验台架实验测定，其中模拟试验的参数设定与实际工况的参数设定保持在在合理偏差区间内；主控制器启动钉齿纹杆组合滚筒103和高压放电器，控制装置按照空载预设值参数进行动力分配，并检测装置负荷；扭矩传感器302采集工作过程中钉齿纹杆组合滚筒103主轴扭矩周期变化的最大值，连续采集5s内所有周期变化的最大值，并对采集数据进行加权平均化；同时静电 感应器采集工作过程中电场强度参数，连续采集3s内数据的最大值；当主控制器计算采集扭矩的加权平均值低于或高于预设值的20％时，主控制器比较判断结果输送给滚筒执行控制器，滚筒执行控制器对周期传动齿轮箱进行调节；随后主控制器再将采集到的电场强度最大值与预设值进行计算，判断是否根据滚筒转速变化对相应电场强度进行调节，若需要，则将信号传递给电场执行控制器进行参数匹配；装置参数调节过程中，实时监测电路电流电压变化，判断示数是否超量程，若超程则进行电路保护，并控制设备报警器运动，设备停止；若无故障，装置则实时收集数据分析，循环控制。
实施例2
一种包括实施例1所述融合惯性及静电场的脱粒清选装置及其方法的联合收获机，因此具有实施例1的有益效果，此处不再赘述。
所述联合收获机包括输送装置，操纵驾驶台，融合惯性及静电场的脱粒清选装置，履带及履带式底盘；所述脱粒清选装置1安装在履带式底盘的尾部，通过进料口1010与输送装置相通，内部封闭空间中通过外加静电场的作用，使水稻脱粒之后在电场力与库伦斥力的作用下清选彻底；所述周期传动变速箱2安装在紧靠脱粒清选装置1提供动力，操纵杆外连至驾驶座椅处；所述控制系统通过扭矩传感器检测不同工况下脱粒滚筒扭矩周期变化的最大值对喂入量非周期性变化进行检测，从而自动调节周期传动变速箱的级数和静电脱粒清选装置的电场力大小。作物通过收割装置被收割，经输送装置输送至融合惯性及静电场的脱粒清选装置进行脱粒与清选，最后籽粒输送搅拢输送到集粮车，杂余被排出机体。
应当理解，虽然本说明书是按照各个实施例描述的，但并非每个实施例仅包含一个独立的技术方案，说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见，本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体，各实施例中的技术方案也可以经适当组合，形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。
上文所列出的一系列的详细说明仅仅是针对本发明的可行性实施例的具体说明，它们并非用以限制本发明的保护范围，凡未脱离本发明技艺精神所作的等效实施例或变更均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种融合惯性及静电场的脱粒清选装置，其特征在于，包括脱粒清选装置(1)、周期传动变速箱(2)、检测机构和控制系统；
    所述脱粒清选装置(1)内部设置高压放电器，高压放电器使脱粒清选装置(1)内产生静电场；周期传动变速箱(2)与脱粒清选装置(1)的滚筒连接；所述检测机构用于检测脱粒清选装置(1)内部的电场强度、以及脱粒清选装置(1)滚筒主轴的扭矩，并传递给控制系统；控制系统分别与脱粒清选装置(1)、周期传动变速箱(2)和检测机构连接；
    所述脱粒清选装置(1)包括喂入头(101)、凹板筛(102)、钉齿纹杆组合滚筒(103)、装置外壳(104)、圆筒筛(105)、收集箱(106)、输送搅拢(107)、驱动齿轮(108)、进料口(1010)和定位齿轮(1011)；所述喂入头(101)、凹板筛(102)、脱离滚筒盖板和钉齿纹杆组合滚筒(103)形成滚筒体，所述滚筒体通过主轴安装在装置外壳(104)上，所述圆筒筛(105)与滚筒体同轴安装，圆筒筛(105)与驱动齿轮(108)和定位齿轮(1011)啮合，所述驱动齿轮(108)外接动力源，所述定位齿轮(1011)安装于装置外壳(104)上，驱动齿轮(108)驱动圆筒筛(105)转动；所述进料口(1010)与喂入头(101)连接，所述收集箱(106)放置于滚筒体正下方，所述输送搅拢(107)安装于收集箱(106)底部。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的融合惯性及静电场的脱粒清选装置，其特征在于，所述滚筒体整体安装尾部向下倾斜20°-30°。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的融合惯性及静电场的脱粒清选装置，其特征在于，所述脱粒清选装置(1)还设有拦截输送板(109)；所述拦截输送板(109)安装在圆筒筛(105)的尾部。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的融合惯性及静电场的脱粒清选装置，其特征在于，所述拦截输送板(109)分成三段；第一段为半圆柱体结构，与水平方向夹角30-40度；第二段为平面板结构，与水平方向夹角为50-60度，第二段与第一段相切连接；第三段为平面板结构，与水平方向夹角20-30度，第三段与第二段相切连接。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的融合惯性及静电场的脱粒清选装置，其特征在于，所述周期传动变速箱(2)包括周期传动变速齿轮(201)；所述周期传动变速齿轮(201)稳定传动比区和变速区；稳定传动比区包括两个对称布置的匀速传动段；变速区包括对称布置加速区与减速区；变速区与匀速传动段连接处安装异型齿。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的融合惯性及静电场的脱粒清选装置，其特征在于，所述检测机构包括转矩传感器(302)和静电感应器；所述转矩传感器(302)用于检测脱粒清选装置(1)滚筒主轴的扭矩；所述静电感应器用于检测脱粒清选装置(1)内部的电场强度。
  7. 一种联合收获机，其特征在于，包括权利要求1-6任意一项所述的融合惯性及静电场的脱粒清选装置。
  8. 一种根据权利要求1-6任意一项所述的融合惯性及静电场的脱粒清选装置的控制方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    设置参数：包括滚筒转速参数和电场强度的预设值；
    所述高压放电器使脱粒清选装置(1)内产生静电场，周期传动变速箱(2)驱动脱粒清选装置(1)的滚筒转动；
    所述检测机构检测脱粒清选装置(1)内部的电场强度、以及脱粒清选装置(1)的滚筒主轴的扭矩，并传递给控制系统；
    所述控制系统根据扭矩调节周期传动变速箱(2)的级数从而控制脱粒清选装置(1)的滚筒转速，根据转速调节电场强度。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的融合惯性及静电场的脱粒清选装置的控制方法，其特征在于，
    所述检测机构采集工作过程中脱粒清选装置(1)的滚筒主轴扭矩周期变化的最大值，连续采集一定时间内所有周期变化的最大值，并对采集数据进行加权平均化，同时采集工作过程中脱粒清选装置(1)内电场强度，连续采集一定时间内数据的最大值，并传递给控制系统；
    当所述控制系统计算接收到的扭矩的加权平均值低于或高于预设值的一定范围时，控制系统通过周期传动变速箱(2)控制脱粒清选装置(1)的滚筒转速；当控制系统接收到的电场强度最大值低于或高于预设值的一定范围时，根据滚筒转速变化对相应电场强度进行调节。
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