WO2023045023A1 - Low-temperature, low-pressure performance test device and method for hydrogen fuel cell system of unmanned aerial vehicle - Google Patents

Low-temperature, low-pressure performance test device and method for hydrogen fuel cell system of unmanned aerial vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023045023A1
WO2023045023A1 PCT/CN2021/126938 CN2021126938W WO2023045023A1 WO 2023045023 A1 WO2023045023 A1 WO 2023045023A1 CN 2021126938 W CN2021126938 W CN 2021126938W WO 2023045023 A1 WO2023045023 A1 WO 2023045023A1
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pressure
low
temperature
nitrogen
valve
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PCT/CN2021/126938
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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崔英伟
周金魁
路梓照
闫旭东
贾业宁
刘德军
雷霆
呼东亮
杨立伟
张晓鹏
胡绍华
宁薇薇
周洁
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天津航天瑞莱科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2023045023A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023045023A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0444—Concentration; Density
    • H01M8/04447—Concentration; Density of anode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04701—Temperature
    • H01M8/04708—Temperature of fuel cell reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of test devices, in particular to a low-temperature and low-pressure performance test device and method for a hydrogen fuel cell system of an unmanned aerial vehicle.
  • the core components of the hydrogen fuel cell system are the hydrogen fuel cell stack and the centrifugal air compressor (the centrifugal air compressor is hereinafter referred to as the compressor).
  • the hydrogen fuel cell stack is like the heart of the hydrogen fuel cell system. It can be converted into electrical energy, and the compressor is the "lung" of the fuel cell system, which increases the power density and efficiency of the stack by pressurizing the air entering the stack.
  • UAV hydrogen fuel cell system is the core component of hydrogen energy UAV, and its stable and efficient performance has become the key to restrict the performance of hydrogen fuel cell UAV.
  • the flying altitude of hydrogen-fueled drones is generally within 10,000 meters. The extreme atmospheric temperature at this altitude is -40°C and the atmospheric pressure is 26Kpa.
  • the ground environment test can only simulate the high-altitude atmospheric environment, but cannot simulate the suction environment of the compressor and the exhaust environment of the hydrogen fuel cell stack. Because the comprehensive performance of the hydrogen fuel cell system is quite different between the ground environment and the high-altitude environment, therefore However, the ground environmental test is insufficient for the assessment of the "cardiopulmonary function" of the hydrogen fuel cell system. In order to fully verify whether the battery system can achieve the expected performance indicators in the high-altitude environment during the research and development stage, it is urgent to develop a ground test device that can meet the high-altitude environment simulation.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a low-temperature and low-pressure performance test device for the hydrogen fuel cell system of an unmanned aerial vehicle in view of the technical defects existing in the prior art. and the comprehensive test device and method for jet requirements.
  • the first aspect of the present invention provides a low-temperature and low-pressure performance test device for a UAV hydrogen fuel cell system, including a low-pressure box for placing the UAV hydrogen fuel cell system inside, and the UAV hydrogen fuel cell system consists of Composed of a compressor and a hydrogen fuel stack, the low-pressure box provides an atmospheric environment with a temperature from -40°C to 150°C and a pressure range of 10kPa to standard atmospheric pressure; holes are opened on the wall of the low-pressure box to connect pipelines, and the compressor The pipeline at the inlet can provide the inlet of the compressor with a temperature of -60°C to 50°C, a pressure of 20Kpa to standard atmospheric pressure, and a mass flow rate of more than 50g/s to simulate the suction state of the compressor during high-altitude flight.
  • the pipeline at the outlet of the hydrogen fuel stack provides a stable exhaust environment with a pressure of 20Kpa to standard atmospheric pressure and an exhaust flow greater than 50g/s for simulating the actual exhaust environment of high-altitude flight; the low-temperature airflow is formed by liquid nitrogen And the gas formed by the vaporization of the liquid oxygen in each water bath according to the ratio of air is fully mixed and heated to a predetermined temperature to stabilize the output gas flow.
  • the hydrogen gas supply port of the hydrogen fuel stack is connected to a high-pressure hydrogen source.
  • the device for forming the low-temperature gas flow includes a self-pressurized liquid nitrogen tank and a self-pressurized liquid oxygen tank;
  • the self-pressurized liquid nitrogen tank is connected to a liquid nitrogen mass flowmeter, the liquid nitrogen mass flowmeter is connected to a liquid nitrogen regulating valve, and the liquid nitrogen regulating valve is connected to a liquid nitrogen water bath vaporizer;
  • the self-pressurized liquid oxygen tank is connected to a liquid oxygen mass flowmeter, the liquid oxygen mass flowmeter is connected to a liquid oxygen regulating valve, and the liquid oxygen regulating valve is connected to a liquid oxygen water bath vaporizer;
  • the liquid nitrogen water bath vaporizer and the liquid oxygen water bath vaporizer are connected to the nitrogen-oxygen mixer, the nitrogen-oxygen mixer is connected to the air heater, the air heater is connected to the intake pressure regulating valve, and the intake pressure regulating valve is connected to the intake air
  • the surge tank is equipped with an inlet total pressure sensor on the intake pressure tank; the nitrogen-oxygen mixer has a nitrogen-oxygen mixer temperature sensor and a nitrogen-oxygen mixer safety valve;
  • the air intake pressure tank is connected to the air inlet of the fuel cell system by a pipeline leading to the interior of the low pressure tank, and the pipeline is equipped with an inlet normally closed solenoid valve and an inlet temperature sensor.
  • the structure of the liquid nitrogen water bath vaporizer is the same as that of the liquid oxygen water bath vaporizer, and has a shell, a float and a heat exchange copper tube spirally wound around the outside of the float are arranged in the shell, and the bottom inlet of the heat exchange copper tube is connected with the liquid nitrogen
  • the regulating valve/liquid oxygen regulating valve is connected to the liquid nitrogen/liquid oxygen, and the top outlet is connected to the nitrogen-oxygen mixer to discharge low-temperature gas;
  • the water supply port on the shell is connected to the water supply pump of the water bath;
  • the floating water pipe installed on the float comes from the water bath
  • the top cover of the vaporizer protrudes upwards to connect with the water bath variable frequency return pump, the float is connected with the top cover of the water bath vaporizer by the guide rod, the magnetostrictive liquid level gauge is fixed on the top cover of the water bath vaporizer, and the magnetic ring of the magnetostrictive liquid level gauge is fixed on the float Above, the signal of the magneto
  • the outlet of the hydrogen fuel stack is connected to the inlet of the exhaust surge tank through a pipeline, and an outlet pressure sensor is installed on the exhaust surge tank, and the exhaust port of the exhaust surge tank is controlled by The three-way pipeline connects the large flow water ring vacuum pump and the exhaust regulating valve.
  • the pipeline of the hydrogen gas supply port of the hydrogen fuel stack is connected to the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder through a high-pressure hydrogen normally-closed solenoid valve, and the high-pressure nitrogen port on the low-pressure tank is connected through the pipeline and through a high-pressure nitrogen normally-open solenoid valve. to high-pressure nitrogen cylinders.
  • a pressure relief hole is reserved near the top of the box wall near the exhaust side of the low-pressure tank, and a quick-release safety valve is installed in the pressure relief hole.
  • the quick discharge safety valve includes a valve body mounted on a bracket, a valve stem and a valve core spring are installed inside the valve body, the valve core spring is sleeved on the valve stem to provide a reset force for the valve stem, and the valve stem extends out of the valve
  • a sealing plate at the front end of the valve body, and the front end of the sealing plate has a rubber sealing strip, which is installed on the low-pressure tank and close to the wall of the low-pressure tank to seal the pressure relief hole.
  • the rear end of the valve body is provided with a quick-opening
  • the air port of the valve can be connected with compressed air through the solenoid valve to press the valve stem tightly, so that the sealing plate is pressed against the wall of the low-pressure box.
  • a hydrogen concentration sensor is installed near the hydrogen pipeline and the fuel stack, the hydrogen concentration sensor is connected to a safety controller, and the safety controller is connected to a relay, and the relay controls the high-pressure nitrogen to normally open A solenoid valve, a hydrogen normally closed solenoid valve, an inlet normally closed solenoid valve for controlling the low-temperature airflow entering the compressor, and an air source solenoid valve for a quick discharge safety valve.
  • the second aspect of the present invention provides a low-temperature and low-pressure performance test method for the UAV hydrogen fuel cell system.
  • the low-temperature and low-pressure performance test device for the UAV hydrogen fuel cell system described in the first aspect is used to test the UAV hydrogen fuel
  • the battery system is tested using the following steps:
  • a safety controller to control the opening of the air source solenoid valve, fill the quick-discharge safety valve with high-pressure gas, push the quick-discharge valve stem, and push the quick-open sealing plate tightly to complete the seal; use a safety controller to control the high-pressure nitrogen gas to normally open the solenoid valve closed;
  • Control the low-pressure box to reduce the pressure and temperature, and control the ambient pressure and temperature to the test pressure and temperature;
  • the integrated controller sends instructions to the liquid nitrogen/oxygen vaporization controller to set the gas volume, and the PID controller, liquid oxygen mass flowmeter, liquid nitrogen mass flowmeter, liquid oxygen regulating valve, and liquid oxygen vaporization controller in the liquid nitrogen/oxygen vaporization controller
  • the nitrogen regulating valve forms a liquid nitrogen and liquid oxygen output circulation system, and outputs quantitative liquid nitrogen and liquid oxygen into the liquid oxygen/liquid nitrogen water bath vaporizer;
  • the liquid nitrogen/liquid oxygen enters the nitrogen-oxygen mixer after being vaporized.
  • the nitrogen-oxygen mixer has a nitrogen-oxygen mixer temperature sensor. Adjust the temperature of the liquid oxygen/liquid nitrogen water bath vaporizer according to the indication value of the nitrogen-oxygen mixer temperature sensor. Water level, adjust the gas temperature in the nitrogen-oxygen mixer to be about 10°C lower than the test temperature. At this time, because the system is not running, the inlet normally closed solenoid valve is closed, and the low-temperature nitrogen-oxygen mixture is discharged into the atmosphere through the nitrogen-oxygen mixer safety valve. ;
  • the integrated controller sends instructions to the gas temperature controller, and the gas temperature controller performs closed-loop adjustment to the air heater according to the inlet temperature sensor, and raises the temperature of the nitrogen-oxygen mixture to the test temperature;
  • the integrated controller will issue instructions to the gas pressure controller, and the gas pressure controller will adjust the opening of the intake regulating valve in a closed loop according to the measurement value of the inlet total pressure sensor, and control the pressure of the intake regulator tank to reach the test value.
  • Pressure While the inlet pressure is being adjusted, the integrated controller will issue instructions to the gas pressure controller, and the gas pressure controller will adjust the opening of the exhaust regulating valve in a closed loop according to the measured value of the outlet pressure sensor to control the pressure of the exhaust regulator tank reach the test pressure;
  • the safety controller After the ambient pressure, ambient temperature, inlet pressure, inlet temperature, and outlet pressure of the test device are stable, the safety controller outputs instructions to open the high-pressure hydrogen normally closed solenoid valve to provide hydrogen for the hydrogen fuel stack; Fuel cell electrical performance test;
  • the hydrogen concentration sensor monitors the hydrogen concentration in real time. Once the hydrogen concentration exceeds the threshold, the safety controller cuts off the power supply through the relay, closes the inlet normally closed solenoid valve, closes the high pressure hydrogen normally closed solenoid valve, exhausts the gas port of the quick opening valve, and normally closes the high pressure nitrogen gas. Open solenoid valve to open;
  • This test device of the present invention its low-pressure box can provide the temperature of-40 °C to 150 °C, the test environment of the atmospheric environment of pressure range 10kPa to standard atmospheric pressure, can provide the temperature at the inlet of the compressor to be-60 °C to 50 °C,
  • the low-temperature air flow with a pressure of 20Kpa to standard atmospheric pressure and a mass flow rate greater than 50g/s is used to simulate the suction state of the compressor during high-altitude flight, and to provide a stable exhaust environment with a pressure of 20Kpa to standard atmospheric pressure at the outlet of the stack.
  • the air flow is greater than 50g/s, which is used to simulate the actual exhaust environment of high-altitude flight, which can meet the test requirements.
  • the test device of the present invention also includes a hydrogen supply system and a hydrogen concentration alarm system required by the fuel cell system to ensure the safety and reliability of the test.
  • Fig. 1 is a control flow chart of the low-temperature and low-pressure performance test device of the hydrogen fuel cell system of an unmanned aerial vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall composition of the low-temperature and low-pressure performance test device of the hydrogen fuel cell system of an unmanned aerial vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a safety control system for the low-temperature and low-pressure performance of the hydrogen fuel cell system of an unmanned aerial vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the control of the water bath vaporizer according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is an overall schematic diagram of a water bath vaporizer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a partial schematic diagram of a water bath vaporizer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a water bath vaporizer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is an overall schematic diagram of the quick discharge safety valve according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a quick-discharge safety valve according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Integrated controller 1 liquid nitrogen/oxygen vaporization controller 2, gas temperature controller 3, gas pressure controller 4, safety controller 5, liquid nitrogen mass flow meter 6, liquid oxygen mass flow meter 7, liquid nitrogen regulating valve 8 , liquid oxygen regulating valve 9, water bath vaporizer 10, nitrogen-oxygen mixer 11, air heater 12, inlet pressure regulating valve 13, inlet pressure regulator tank 14, inlet total pressure sensor 15, inlet normally closed solenoid valve 16, Inlet temperature sensor 17, low pressure tank 18, exhaust regulator tank 19, outlet pressure sensor 20, exhaust regulating valve 21, large flow water ring vacuum pump 22, high pressure nitrogen normally open solenoid valve 23, high pressure hydrogen normally closed solenoid valve 24 , quick discharge safety valve 25, water bath vaporization controller 10-1, water bath water supply port 10-2, water bath variable frequency return water pump 10-3, water bath vaporizer shell 10-4, water bath vaporizer top cover 10-5, heat exchange copper tube 10-6, float 10-7, floating water pipe 10-8, magnetostrictive liquid level gauge 10-9, guide rod 10-10, nitrogen-oxygen mixer temperature sensor 11-1, nitrogen-oxygen mixer safety valve 11 -2.
  • the test object of the test device of the embodiment of the present invention is the hydrogen fuel cell system of the drone.
  • the hydrogen fuel cell system of the drone is mainly composed of a hydrogen fuel cell stack and a compressor.
  • the hydrogen fuel cell system of the drone is placed Inside the air pressure box, the temperature from -40°C to 150°C is provided by the low pressure box, and the pressure ranges from 10kPa to standard atmospheric pressure.
  • the intake end of the hydrogen fuel cell system is connected to the test device through a pipeline.
  • the test device of the embodiment of the present invention is built according to the actual use environment of the UAV hydrogen fuel cell system, which can effectively realize the ground test of the high-altitude working performance of the UAV hydrogen fuel cell system, and the system can accurately reproduce the high-altitude atmospheric environment.
  • Pressure ambient temperature, inlet pressure, outlet pressure.
  • the low-temperature and low-pressure performance test device of the unmanned aerial vehicle hydrogen fuel cell system of the embodiment of the present invention includes a low-pressure box 18 for placing the unmanned aerial vehicle hydrogen fuel cell system inside.
  • the hydrogen fuel cell system consists of a compressor and an electric stack.
  • the low-pressure box provides an atmospheric environment with a temperature ranging from -40°C to 150°C and a pressure range of 10kPa to standard atmospheric pressure; holes are opened on the wall of the low-pressure box to connect pipes
  • the pipeline at the inlet of the compressor can provide the inlet of the compressor with a temperature of -60°C to 50°C, a pressure of 20Kpa to standard atmospheric pressure, and a mass flow rate greater than 50g/s for simulating the suction of the compressor during high-altitude flight.
  • the low-temperature airflow in the state, the pipeline at the outlet of the stack provides a stable exhaust environment with a pressure of 20Kpa to standard atmospheric pressure and an exhaust flow greater than 50g/s for simulating the actual exhaust environment of high-altitude flight;
  • the low-temperature airflow is composed of Liquid nitrogen and liquid oxygen are vaporized in water baths according to the air ratio, and the gases formed by vaporization in water baths are fully mixed and heated to a predetermined temperature. After that, the low-temperature gas flow is output at a stable pressure.
  • the hydrogen gas supply port of the hydrogen fuel stack is connected to a high-pressure hydrogen source.
  • the temperature of the airflow at the inlet of the compressor can be continuously adjusted from -40°C to 50°C, and the flow rate of the air supply is greater than 50g/s.
  • the air inlet of the compressor sucks in a lot of air.
  • the opening of the air inlet valve the air inlet of the compressor can be brought into a negative pressure state, and the pressure range can be adjusted from 20KPa to normal pressure.
  • the hydrogen fuel cell stack Since the hydrogen fuel cell stack actually works, it needs the interaction between oxygen and hydrogen to convert chemical energy into electrical energy. Therefore, the intake oxygen content of the hydrogen fuel cell system of the UAV must be consistent with the oxygen content in the actual air. Air requirements, the large flow of air required for the test is obtained by vaporizing liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen in proportion to the air. This air supply method can effectively avoid the low-temperature condensation caused by the use of fan air supply, and at the same time reduce refrigeration costs.
  • the quality target value of liquid nitrogen can be set according to the approximate ratio of nitrogen and oxygen in the air to 4:1, and the flow of liquid nitrogen is controlled by the liquid nitrogen regulating valve in a closed loop.
  • the liquid nitrogen demand is calculated according to the ratio of air nitrogen and oxygen based on the measured value of the liquid nitrogen flow, and this value is used as the target value, and the liquid nitrogen flow is controlled by the liquid nitrogen regulating valve in a closed loop.
  • the double-closed-loop control method of liquid nitrogen and liquid oxygen can ensure that the nitrogen-oxygen ratio of the output airflow is the same as the actual air nitrogen-oxygen ratio, ensuring the normal operation of the UAV hydrogen fuel cell system.
  • Liquid nitrogen/liquid oxygen is vaporized by water bath vaporization, and after vaporization, it is mixed into nitrogen and oxygen low-temperature gas, which is heated by a heater to the temperature required for the test.
  • the device for forming the low-temperature gas flow includes a self-pressurized liquid nitrogen tank 28 and a self-pressurized liquid oxygen tank 29;
  • the self-pressurized liquid nitrogen tank is connected to the liquid nitrogen mass flow meter 6, the liquid nitrogen mass flow meter is connected to the liquid nitrogen regulating valve 8, and the liquid nitrogen regulating valve is connected to the liquid nitrogen water bath vaporizer;
  • the self-pressurized liquid oxygen tank is connected to the liquid oxygen mass flow meter 7, the liquid oxygen mass flow meter is connected to the liquid oxygen regulating valve 9, and the liquid oxygen regulating valve is connected to the liquid oxygen water bath vaporizer;
  • the liquid nitrogen water bath vaporizer and the liquid oxygen water bath vaporizer are connected to the nitrogen-oxygen mixer 11, the nitrogen-oxygen mixer is connected to the air heater 12, the air heater is connected to the inlet pressure regulating valve 13, and the inlet pressure regulating valve is connected to To the intake surge tank 14, an inlet total pressure sensor 15 is installed on the intake surge tank; the nitrogen-oxygen mixer has a nitrogen-oxygen mixer temperature sensor 11-1 and a nitrogen-oxygen mixer safety valve 11-2;
  • the liquid nitrogen water bath vaporizer and the liquid oxygen water bath vaporizer adopt the water bath vaporizer 10 of the same structure;
  • the air intake surge tank 14 is connected to the air inlet of the compressor of the fuel cell system through a pipeline leading to the interior of the low pressure tank, and the pipeline is equipped with an inlet normally closed solenoid valve 16 and an inlet temperature sensor 17 .
  • the measurement signal of the liquid nitrogen mass flowmeter 6 is connected to the liquid nitrogen/oxygen vaporization controller 2, and the control input end of the liquid nitrogen regulating valve 8 is connected to the liquid nitrogen/oxygen vaporization controller 2 to form a liquid nitrogen PID control cycle;
  • the oxygen mass flowmeter 7 is connected to the liquid nitrogen/oxygen vaporization controller 2, and the control input end of the liquid oxygen regulating valve 9 is connected to the liquid nitrogen/oxygen vaporization controller 2 to form a liquid oxygen PID control cycle;
  • the inlet temperature sensor 17 is connected to the gas temperature controller 3, and the gas temperature controller 3 is connected to the thyristor module of the air heater to form a temperature PID control cycle;
  • the signal of the inlet total pressure sensor 15 is connected to the gas pressure controller 4, and the gas pressure controller 4 controls the opening of the inlet pressure regulating valve 13, forming an inlet pressure PID control cycle.
  • the signal of the outlet pressure sensor 20 is connected to the gas pressure controller 4, and the gas pressure controller 4 controls the opening of the exhaust regulating valve 21 to form an inlet pressure PID control cycle.
  • the liquid nitrogen/oxygen vaporization controller 2 can be used to control the liquid nitrogen/liquid oxygen based on the measured values of the liquid nitrogen mass flowmeter 6 and the liquid oxygen mass flowmeter 7 and the set quality target value based on the PID controller.
  • the opening of the regulating valve is closed-loop controlled to ensure that the ratio of liquid nitrogen/liquid oxygen meets the requirements of the test.
  • the water bath vaporizer in this test device can roughly adjust the vaporization temperature by adjusting the water level of the water bath.
  • the water bath vaporizer can effectively reduce the heating power of the air heater and improve the test efficiency by roughly adjusting the temperature.
  • the air heater 12 can be controlled by the gas temperature controller 3 based on the closed-loop control of the PID controller.
  • the gas pressure controller 4 is based on the PID controller, and according to the measured value of the total inlet pressure sensor 15 and the target value of the intake pressure, the closed-loop control of the opening of the intake pressure regulating valve 13 is performed to control the intake pressure. Gas volume, so that it meets the requirements of the test.
  • the structure of the liquid nitrogen water bath vaporizer is consistent with that of the liquid oxygen water bath vaporizer.
  • the water bath water supply port 10-2 on the water bath vaporizer shell 10-4 is connected to the water bath water supply pump;
  • the floating water pipe 10-8 mounted on the float protrudes upward from the top cover 10-5 of the water bath vaporizer to communicate with the water bath frequency conversion
  • the return pump 10-3 is connected, the float 10-7 is connected with the top cover 10-5 of the water bath vaporizer by the guide rod 10-10, and the magnetostrictive liquid level gauge 10-9 is fixed on the top cover 10-5 of the water bath vaporizer.
  • the magnetic ring of the liquid level gauge 10-9 is fixed on the float 10-7, the signal of the magnetostrictive liquid level gauge 10-9 is connected to the water bath vaporization controller 10-1, and the water bath vaporization controller 10-1 is connected with the water bath variable frequency return water pump 10-3 is connected to control the pumping volume of the water bath variable frequency return water pump 10-3 to form a liquid level PID control.
  • the outlet of the hydrogen fuel stack is connected to the inlet of the exhaust pressure regulator tank 19 through a pipeline, and an outlet pressure sensor 20 is installed on the exhaust regulator tank 19, and the exhaust gas regulator tank 19 is equipped with an outlet pressure sensor 20, and the exhaust
  • the exhaust port of the surge tank 19 is connected with a large flow water ring vacuum pump 22 and an exhaust regulating valve 21 by a three-way pipeline.
  • the outlet of the hydrogen fuel stack is connected to the exhaust regulator tank, and the exhaust regulator tank is connected to the large flow water ring vacuum pump and the outlet pressure sensor.
  • the exhaust regulator tank, the large flow water ring vacuum pump, the outlet pressure sensor, and the exhaust The pressure control cycle is based on the PID controller by the gas pressure controller 4. According to the actual measurement value of the outlet pressure sensor 20 and the target value of the exhaust pressure, the closed-loop control of the opening of the exhaust regulating valve 21 is realized to control the exhaust pressure and make the exhaust The pressure is always stable, so the adjustable pressure range is 20KPa to standard atmospheric pressure.
  • the hydrogen gas supply port pipeline of the hydrogen fuel stack is connected to the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder 27 through the high-pressure hydrogen normally closed solenoid valve 24, and the high-pressure nitrogen gas port on the low-pressure tank passes through the pipeline and passes through
  • the high pressure nitrogen normally open solenoid valve 23 is connected to the high pressure nitrogen cylinder 26.
  • a pressure relief hole is reserved near the top on the wall of the low pressure tank 18 near the exhaust side, and a quick discharge safety valve 25 is installed in the pressure relief hole.
  • the quick-discharging safety valve 25 includes a quick-discharging valve body 25-2 installed on a bracket 25-1, and a quick-discharging valve stem 25-3 and a valve body are installed inside the quick-discharging valve body.
  • Core spring 25-4, the spool spring sleeve on the valve stem provides reset force for the quick discharge valve stem, the front end of the quick discharge valve stem protruding from the valve body has a quick opening sealing plate 25-5, the quick opening sealing plate
  • the front end has a rubber sealing strip, which is installed on the low-pressure tank and close to the wall of the low-pressure tank to seal the pressure relief hole.
  • the rear end of the quick-discharging valve body is provided with a quick-opening valve port 25-6 to pass through the solenoid valve. Connect the compressed air to press the quick-discharge valve stem tightly, so that the quick-discharge sealing plate is pressed against the wall of the low-pressure tank.
  • a hydrogen concentration sensor 32 is installed near the hydrogen pipeline and the hydrogen fuel stack, the hydrogen concentration sensor is connected to the safety controller 5, and the safety controller is connected to the relay, The relay controls the normally open solenoid valve 23 for high pressure nitrogen, the normally closed solenoid valve 24 for high pressure hydrogen, the normally closed solenoid valve 16 for controlling the inlet of the low temperature airflow into the compressor and the air source solenoid valve for the quick discharge safety valve 25.
  • the hydrogen fuel cell system of the drone Due to the need to supply hydrogen and oxygen to the hydrogen fuel cell stack during the test, the hydrogen fuel cell system of the drone has a risk of leakage. In a non-sealed environment, a slight hydrogen leak will be quickly discharged into the atmosphere without causing accumulation or deflagration risk. However, in the low-pressure tank, hydrogen leakage cannot be released in time, and it will quickly accumulate on the top of the tank, which has a greater safety risk. In order to avoid deflagration accidents during the test, the test device has an independent safety control circuit. Ensure real-time monitoring of hydrogen leakage and rapid release of hydrogen.
  • the safety control loop is composed of an independently operated safety controller, wherein the safety controller is powered by a battery, and when a power failure or unexpected power failure occurs, the safety controller still operates independently, and the safety controller directly collects the temperature in the low-pressure box.
  • Hydrogen concentration once the hydrogen leakage is detected, the safety controller cuts off the hydrogen supply through the relay, cuts off the gas supply circuit, controls the opening of the high-pressure nitrogen valve, and fills the low-pressure tank with nitrogen, so that the pressure in the low-pressure tank rises rapidly, and at the same time Control the start of the quick-discharging safety valve.
  • the valve plate of the quick-discharging safety valve falls off, so that the residual hydrogen in the low-pressure tank will be quickly discharged, achieving the purpose of safety control and ensuring safety.
  • the pressure control, temperature control, and liquid nitrogen/liquid oxygen vaporization control of the test have independent PID controllers, which can be operated independently, or can be set uniformly by the integrated controller 1 run.
  • the liquid nitrogen/oxygen vaporization controller 2, the gas temperature controller 3, and the gas pressure controller 4 are connected to the integrated controller 1 through the RS485 bus, and the integrated controller 1 realizes the functions of summarizing data, displaying data and sending data
  • the water bath vaporizer in the embodiment of the present invention can effectively reduce the rated power of the air heater by controlling the water level of the water bath during the vaporization process of liquid nitrogen/liquid nitrogen to roughly adjust the gas outlet temperature, so as to achieve The purpose of cost reduction and efficiency increase.
  • the second aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a low-temperature and low-pressure performance test method for a hydrogen fuel cell system for an unmanned aerial vehicle, using the low-temperature and low-pressure performance test device for a hydrogen fuel cell system for an unmanned aerial vehicle described in the first aspect of the present invention
  • To test a hydrogen fuel cell system for a drone the following steps are used:
  • the concentration sensor 32 is arranged at a position close to the hydrogen pipeline and the hydrogen fuel stack;
  • the controller 5 controls the high pressure nitrogen normally open solenoid valve 23 to close;
  • the integrated controller 1 sends instructions to the liquid nitrogen/oxygen vaporization controller 2 to set the gas volume (mass flow g/s), and the PID controller in the liquid nitrogen/oxygen vaporization controller 2, the liquid nitrogen mass flow meter 6, and the liquid nitrogen/oxygen vaporization controller 2
  • the oxygen mass flowmeter 7, the liquid nitrogen regulating valve 8, and the liquid oxygen regulating valve 9 form a liquid nitrogen and liquid oxygen output circulation system, and the output quantitative liquid nitrogen and liquid oxygen enter the liquid nitrogen water bath vaporizer and the liquid oxygen water bath vaporizer respectively;
  • the water bath water supply pump to supply water to the liquid nitrogen water bath vaporizer and the liquid oxygen water bath vaporizer through the water bath water supply port 10-2, turn on the water bath variable frequency return water pump 10-3, set the specified water level through the water bath vaporization controller 10-1, and the water bath vaporization controller 10 -1 According to the signal of the magnetostrictive liquid level gauge 10-9, the return water volume of the water bath variable frequency return water pump 10-3 is closed-loop controlled, and the water level of the water bath is stably controlled;
  • the liquid nitrogen/liquid oxygen enters the nitrogen-oxygen mixer after being vaporized, and the nitrogen-oxygen mixer has a nitrogen-oxygen mixer temperature sensor 11-1, and manually adjusts the liquid nitrogen water bath vaporizer and liquid oxygen water bath vaporizer according to the temperature sensor indication value Adjust the water level, and adjust the gas temperature in the nitrogen-oxygen mixer to be about 10°C lower than the test temperature.
  • the inlet normally closed solenoid valve 16 is in a closed state, and the low-temperature nitrogen-oxygen mixture is discharged into the atmosphere through the nitrogen-oxygen mixer safety valve 11-2;
  • the integrated controller 1 issues instructions to the gas temperature controller 3, and the gas temperature controller 3 performs closed-loop adjustment to the air heater 12 according to the inlet temperature sensor 17, and raises the temperature of the nitrogen-oxygen mixture to the test temperature;
  • the integrated controller 1 sends an instruction to the gas pressure controller 4, and the gas pressure controller 4 adjusts the opening of the intake pressure regulating valve 13 in a closed loop according to the measured value of the inlet total pressure sensor 15, and controls the intake air to stabilize.
  • the pressure of the pressure tank 14 reaches the test pressure.
  • the integrated controller 1 issues instructions to the gas pressure controller 4, and the gas pressure controller 4 adjusts the opening of the exhaust regulating valve 21 in a closed loop according to the measured value of the outlet pressure sensor 20 to control the exhaust gas pressure stabilization
  • the pressure of tank 19 reaches the test pressure;
  • the safety controller 5 After the ambient pressure, ambient temperature, inlet pressure, inlet temperature, and outlet pressure of the test device are all stable, the safety controller 5 outputs an instruction to open the high-pressure hydrogen normally closed solenoid valve 24 to provide hydrogen for the hydrogen fuel stack. After all the states are stable, the electrical performance test of the hydrogen fuel cell is started.
  • the hydrogen concentration sensor 32 monitors the hydrogen concentration in real time. Once the hydrogen concentration exceeds the threshold, the safety controller 5 will control the power supply contactor through the relay to complete the power supply cutoff, the inlet normally closed solenoid valve 16 is closed, the high pressure hydrogen normally closed solenoid valve 24 is closed, Open the quick opening valve gas port 25-6 to exhaust, and the high pressure nitrogen normally open solenoid valve 23 to open;

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Abstract

Disclosed are a low-temperature, low-pressure performance test device and method for a hydrogen fuel cell system of an unmanned aerial vehicle. The low-temperature, low-pressure performance test device comprises a low-pressure tank in which a hydrogen fuel cell system of an unmanned aerial vehicle is placed, the tank providing an atmospheric environment at a temperature from -40°C to 150°C and a pressure range of 10kPa to the standard atmospheric pressure; a pipeline at a compressor inlet of the fuel cell system is introduced to provide the compressor inlet with a low-temperature airflow at -60°C to 50°C, a pressure of 20Kpa to the standard atmospheric pressure, and a mass flow rate greater than 50g/s in a suction state of a compressor during the simulation of high-altitude flight; and a pipeline at a hydrogen fuel stack outlet provides a stable exhaust environment at a pressure from 20Kpa to the standard atmospheric pressure and an exhaust flow rate greater than 50g/s in an actual exhaust environment during the simulation of high-altitude flight; the low-temperature airflow is an airflow which is outputted at a stable pressure after gasifying liquid nitrogen and liquid oxygen in a water bath at an air ratio, then fully mixing and heating the gases. The low-temperature, low-pressure performance test device of the present invention achieves low-temperature, low-pressure performance testing of a hydrogen fuel cell system of an unmanned aerial vehicle.

Description

无人机氢燃料电池系统的低温低气压性能试验装置及方法Low temperature and low pressure performance test device and method for unmanned aerial vehicle hydrogen fuel cell system 技术领域technical field
本发明涉及试验装置技术领域，特别是涉及一种无人机氢燃料电池系统的低温低气压性能试验装置及方法。The invention relates to the technical field of test devices, in particular to a low-temperature and low-pressure performance test device and method for a hydrogen fuel cell system of an unmanned aerial vehicle.
背景技术Background technique
氢燃料电池系统的核心部件是氢燃料电堆和离心式空压机(该离心式空压机下文称压气机)，氢燃料电堆好比氢燃料电池系统的心脏，吸收氧气和氢气，将化学能转换为电能，压气机则是燃料电池系统的“肺”，通过对进堆空气进行增压，以提高电堆的功率密度和效率。无人机氢燃料电池系统作为氢能源无人机核心部件，其稳定、高效的性能成为制约氢燃料电池无人机性能的关键。氢燃料无人机的飞行高度一般在10000米以内，这个高度的极端大气温度在-40℃，大气压力为26Kpa。地面环境试验往往只能模拟高空大气环境，但是无法模拟压气机的吸气环境和氢燃料电堆的排气环境，由于氢燃料电池系统的综合性能在地面环境的与高空环境差异较大，因此，地面环境试验对于氢燃料电池系统的“心肺功能”考核不足。为了在研发阶段充分验证电池系统能否在高空环境达到预计的性能指标，亟需开发一套能够满足高空环境模拟的地面试验装置。The core components of the hydrogen fuel cell system are the hydrogen fuel cell stack and the centrifugal air compressor (the centrifugal air compressor is hereinafter referred to as the compressor). The hydrogen fuel cell stack is like the heart of the hydrogen fuel cell system. It can be converted into electrical energy, and the compressor is the "lung" of the fuel cell system, which increases the power density and efficiency of the stack by pressurizing the air entering the stack. UAV hydrogen fuel cell system is the core component of hydrogen energy UAV, and its stable and efficient performance has become the key to restrict the performance of hydrogen fuel cell UAV. The flying altitude of hydrogen-fueled drones is generally within 10,000 meters. The extreme atmospheric temperature at this altitude is -40°C and the atmospheric pressure is 26Kpa. The ground environment test can only simulate the high-altitude atmospheric environment, but cannot simulate the suction environment of the compressor and the exhaust environment of the hydrogen fuel cell stack. Because the comprehensive performance of the hydrogen fuel cell system is quite different between the ground environment and the high-altitude environment, therefore However, the ground environmental test is insufficient for the assessment of the "cardiopulmonary function" of the hydrogen fuel cell system. In order to fully verify whether the battery system can achieve the expected performance indicators in the high-altitude environment during the research and development stage, it is urgent to develop a ground test device that can meet the high-altitude environment simulation.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是针对现有技术中存在的技术缺陷，而提供一种无人机氢燃料电池系统的低温低气压性能试验装置，是一种能够实现高空环境且满足低温低气压大流量进气及喷气要求的综合试验装置及方法。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a low-temperature and low-pressure performance test device for the hydrogen fuel cell system of an unmanned aerial vehicle in view of the technical defects existing in the prior art. and the comprehensive test device and method for jet requirements.
本发明第一方面，提供一种无人机氢燃料电池系统的低温低气压性能试验装置，包括用于在内部放置无人机氢燃料电池系统的低气压箱，无人机氢燃料电池系统由压气机以及氢燃料电堆组成，该低气压箱提供-40℃至150℃的温度，压力范围10kPa至标准大气压的大气环境；该低气压箱的箱壁上开孔以连接管路，压气机入口处管路引入能为压气机入口提供温度为-60℃至50℃、压力为20Kpa至标准大气压力、质量流量大于50g/s的用于模拟高空飞行时压气机的吸气状态的低温气流，氢燃料电堆出口处管路提供压力为20Kpa至标准大气压力、排气流量大于50g/s的用于模拟高空飞行的实际排气环境的稳定排气环境；所述低温气流是由液氮以及液氧按空气比例各自水浴汽化形成的气体充分混合并加热到预定温度后稳压输出的气流，所述氢燃料电堆的氢供气口连接高压氢气源。The first aspect of the present invention provides a low-temperature and low-pressure performance test device for a UAV hydrogen fuel cell system, including a low-pressure box for placing the UAV hydrogen fuel cell system inside, and the UAV hydrogen fuel cell system consists of Composed of a compressor and a hydrogen fuel stack, the low-pressure box provides an atmospheric environment with a temperature from -40°C to 150°C and a pressure range of 10kPa to standard atmospheric pressure; holes are opened on the wall of the low-pressure box to connect pipelines, and the compressor The pipeline at the inlet can provide the inlet of the compressor with a temperature of -60°C to 50°C, a pressure of 20Kpa to standard atmospheric pressure, and a mass flow rate of more than 50g/s to simulate the suction state of the compressor during high-altitude flight. The pipeline at the outlet of the hydrogen fuel stack provides a stable exhaust environment with a pressure of 20Kpa to standard atmospheric pressure and an exhaust flow greater than 50g/s for simulating the actual exhaust environment of high-altitude flight; the low-temperature airflow is formed by liquid nitrogen And the gas formed by the vaporization of the liquid oxygen in each water bath according to the ratio of air is fully mixed and heated to a predetermined temperature to stabilize the output gas flow. The hydrogen gas supply port of the hydrogen fuel stack is connected to a high-pressure hydrogen source.
优选的，形成所述低温气流的装置包括有自增压液氮罐、自增压液氧罐；Preferably, the device for forming the low-temperature gas flow includes a self-pressurized liquid nitrogen tank and a self-pressurized liquid oxygen tank;
所述自增压液氮罐连接至液氮质量流量计,液氮质量流量计连接至液氮调节阀，液氮调节阀连接至液氮水浴汽化器；The self-pressurized liquid nitrogen tank is connected to a liquid nitrogen mass flowmeter, the liquid nitrogen mass flowmeter is connected to a liquid nitrogen regulating valve, and the liquid nitrogen regulating valve is connected to a liquid nitrogen water bath vaporizer;
所述自增压液氧罐连接至液氧质量流量计,液氧质量流量计连接至液氧调节阀，液氧调节阀连接至液氧水浴汽化器；The self-pressurized liquid oxygen tank is connected to a liquid oxygen mass flowmeter, the liquid oxygen mass flowmeter is connected to a liquid oxygen regulating valve, and the liquid oxygen regulating valve is connected to a liquid oxygen water bath vaporizer;
所述液氮水浴汽化器、液氧水浴汽化器连接至氮-氧混合器，氮-氧混合器连接到空气加热器，空气加热器连接至进气调压阀，进气调压阀连接至进气稳压罐，在进气稳压罐上装有入口总压传感器；氮-氧混合器具有氮-氧混合器温度传感器以及氮-氧混合器安全阀；The liquid nitrogen water bath vaporizer and the liquid oxygen water bath vaporizer are connected to the nitrogen-oxygen mixer, the nitrogen-oxygen mixer is connected to the air heater, the air heater is connected to the intake pressure regulating valve, and the intake pressure regulating valve is connected to the intake air The surge tank is equipped with an inlet total pressure sensor on the intake pressure tank; the nitrogen-oxygen mixer has a nitrogen-oxygen mixer temperature sensor and a nitrogen-oxygen mixer safety valve;
所述进气稳压罐由管路通至低气压箱内部与燃料电池系统的压气机进气口连接，管路上装有入口常闭电磁阀和入口温度传感器。The air intake pressure tank is connected to the air inlet of the fuel cell system by a pipeline leading to the interior of the low pressure tank, and the pipeline is equipped with an inlet normally closed solenoid valve and an inlet temperature sensor.
优选的，所述液氮水浴汽化器与液氧水浴汽化器结构一致，具有壳体，壳体中设置有浮子以及螺旋状缠绕围在浮子外侧的换热铜管，换热铜管底部入口与液氮调节阀/液氧调节阀连接通入液氮/液氧，顶部出口与氮-氧混合器连接，排出低温气体；壳体上的供水口连接水浴供水泵；装在浮子上的浮动水管自水浴汽化器顶盖向上伸出与水浴变频回水泵连接，浮子由导向杆与水浴汽化器顶盖连接，磁致伸缩液位计固定在水浴汽化器顶盖上，磁致伸缩液位计的磁环固定在浮子上，磁致伸缩液位计的信号连接至水浴汽化控制器，水浴汽化控制器与水浴变频回水泵连接，控制水浴变频回水泵的抽水量，形成液位PID控制。Preferably, the structure of the liquid nitrogen water bath vaporizer is the same as that of the liquid oxygen water bath vaporizer, and has a shell, a float and a heat exchange copper tube spirally wound around the outside of the float are arranged in the shell, and the bottom inlet of the heat exchange copper tube is connected with the liquid nitrogen The regulating valve/liquid oxygen regulating valve is connected to the liquid nitrogen/liquid oxygen, and the top outlet is connected to the nitrogen-oxygen mixer to discharge low-temperature gas; the water supply port on the shell is connected to the water supply pump of the water bath; the floating water pipe installed on the float comes from the water bath The top cover of the vaporizer protrudes upwards to connect with the water bath variable frequency return pump, the float is connected with the top cover of the water bath vaporizer by the guide rod, the magnetostrictive liquid level gauge is fixed on the top cover of the water bath vaporizer, and the magnetic ring of the magnetostrictive liquid level gauge is fixed on the float Above, the signal of the magnetostrictive liquid level gauge is connected to the water bath vaporization controller, and the water bath vaporization controller is connected to the water bath variable frequency return water pump to control the pumping volume of the water bath variable frequency return water pump to form a liquid level PID control.
优选的，所述氢燃料电堆的出口通过管路连接至排气稳压罐的入口，所述排气稳压罐上安装有出口压力传感器，所述排气稳压罐的排气口由三通管路连接大流量水环真空泵和排气调节阀。Preferably, the outlet of the hydrogen fuel stack is connected to the inlet of the exhaust surge tank through a pipeline, and an outlet pressure sensor is installed on the exhaust surge tank, and the exhaust port of the exhaust surge tank is controlled by The three-way pipeline connects the large flow water ring vacuum pump and the exhaust regulating valve.
优选的，所述氢燃料电堆的氢供气口管路通过高压氢气常闭电磁阀连接到高压氢气瓶，所述低气压箱上的高压氮气口经管路并通过高压氮气常开电磁阀连接至高压氮气瓶。Preferably, the pipeline of the hydrogen gas supply port of the hydrogen fuel stack is connected to the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder through a high-pressure hydrogen normally-closed solenoid valve, and the high-pressure nitrogen port on the low-pressure tank is connected through the pipeline and through a high-pressure nitrogen normally-open solenoid valve. to high-pressure nitrogen cylinders.
优选的，所述低气压箱上近排气侧的箱壁上近顶部预留泄压孔，该泄压孔安装有快排安全阀。Preferably, a pressure relief hole is reserved near the top of the box wall near the exhaust side of the low-pressure tank, and a quick-release safety valve is installed in the pressure relief hole.
优选的，所述快排安全阀包括安装在支架上的阀体，阀体内部安装有阀杆和阀芯弹簧，阀芯弹簧套在阀杆上为阀杆提供复位力，阀杆伸出阀体的前端有密封板，该密封板的前端具有橡胶密封条，安装在低气压箱上后贴紧低气压箱箱壁形成对所述泄压孔的密封，阀体的后端设置有快开阀气口以通过电磁阀接入压缩空气将阀杆压紧，使密封板压紧在低气压箱箱壁上。Preferably, the quick discharge safety valve includes a valve body mounted on a bracket, a valve stem and a valve core spring are installed inside the valve body, the valve core spring is sleeved on the valve stem to provide a reset force for the valve stem, and the valve stem extends out of the valve There is a sealing plate at the front end of the valve body, and the front end of the sealing plate has a rubber sealing strip, which is installed on the low-pressure tank and close to the wall of the low-pressure tank to seal the pressure relief hole. The rear end of the valve body is provided with a quick-opening The air port of the valve can be connected with compressed air through the solenoid valve to press the valve stem tightly, so that the sealing plate is pressed against the wall of the low-pressure box.
优选的，在低气压箱中，靠近氢气管路和燃料电堆的位置安装有氢浓度传感器，所述氢浓度传感器连接至安全控制器，安全控制器连接继电器，所述继电器控制高压氮气常开电 磁阀、氢气常闭电磁阀、控制所述低温气流进入所述压气机的入口常闭电磁阀以及快排安全阀的气源电磁阀。Preferably, in the low-pressure box, a hydrogen concentration sensor is installed near the hydrogen pipeline and the fuel stack, the hydrogen concentration sensor is connected to a safety controller, and the safety controller is connected to a relay, and the relay controls the high-pressure nitrogen to normally open A solenoid valve, a hydrogen normally closed solenoid valve, an inlet normally closed solenoid valve for controlling the low-temperature airflow entering the compressor, and an air source solenoid valve for a quick discharge safety valve.
本发明第二方面，提供一种无人机氢燃料电池系统的低温低气压性能试验方法，采用第一方面所述无人机氢燃料电池系统的低温低气压性能试验装置对无人机氢燃料电池系统进行试验，采用以下步骤：The second aspect of the present invention provides a low-temperature and low-pressure performance test method for the UAV hydrogen fuel cell system. The low-temperature and low-pressure performance test device for the UAV hydrogen fuel cell system described in the first aspect is used to test the UAV hydrogen fuel The battery system is tested using the following steps:
将无人机氢燃料电池系统安装在低气压箱中，将压气机进气口连接至进气管路，氢燃料电堆出气口连接至排气管路，将高压氢气连接至氢燃料电堆，并在低气压箱中靠近氢气管路和氢燃料电堆的位置安装氢浓度传感器；Install the hydrogen fuel cell system of the UAV in the low-pressure box, connect the air inlet of the compressor to the air intake pipeline, connect the outlet of the hydrogen fuel stack to the exhaust pipeline, and connect the high-pressure hydrogen to the hydrogen fuel stack, And install a hydrogen concentration sensor near the hydrogen pipeline and hydrogen fuel stack in the low pressure tank;
使用安全控制器控制气源电磁阀开启，将快排安全阀充入高压气体，推动快排阀阀杆动作，将快开密封板推紧，完成密封；使用安全控制器控制高压氮气常开电磁阀关闭；Use a safety controller to control the opening of the air source solenoid valve, fill the quick-discharge safety valve with high-pressure gas, push the quick-discharge valve stem, and push the quick-open sealing plate tightly to complete the seal; use a safety controller to control the high-pressure nitrogen gas to normally open the solenoid valve closed;
控制低气压箱进行降压及降温，将环境压力和温度控制到试验压力和温度；Control the low-pressure box to reduce the pressure and temperature, and control the ambient pressure and temperature to the test pressure and temperature;
由综合控制器下达指令至液氮/氧汽化控制器，设置气量，由液氮/氧汽化控制器中的PID控制器、液氧质量流量计、液氮质量流量计和液氧调节阀、液氮调节阀组成液氮、液氧输出循环系统，输出定量的液氮和液氧进入液氧/液氮水浴汽化器；The integrated controller sends instructions to the liquid nitrogen/oxygen vaporization controller to set the gas volume, and the PID controller, liquid oxygen mass flowmeter, liquid nitrogen mass flowmeter, liquid oxygen regulating valve, and liquid oxygen vaporization controller in the liquid nitrogen/oxygen vaporization controller The nitrogen regulating valve forms a liquid nitrogen and liquid oxygen output circulation system, and outputs quantitative liquid nitrogen and liquid oxygen into the liquid oxygen/liquid nitrogen water bath vaporizer;
打开水浴供水泵为水浴汽化器供水，打开水浴变频回水泵，通过水浴汽化控制器设定指定水位，水浴汽化控制器根据磁致伸缩液位计的信号闭环控制变频回水泵的回水量，稳定控制水浴水位；Turn on the water supply pump of the water bath to supply water to the water bath vaporizer, turn on the frequency conversion return water pump of the water bath, set the specified water level through the water bath vaporization controller, and the water bath vaporization controller close-loop controls the return water volume of the frequency conversion return water pump according to the signal of the magnetostrictive liquid level gauge, and stably controls the water bath water level;
液氮/液氧经过汽化后进入氮-氧混合器，氮-氧混合器中具有氮-氧混合器温度传感器，根据氮-氧混合器温度传感器的示值调整液氧/液氮水浴汽化器的水位，调试氮-氧混合器内气体温度低于试验温度10℃左右，此时由于系统没有运行，入口常闭电磁阀处于关闭状态，低温氮氧混合气通过氮-混合器安全阀排入大气；The liquid nitrogen/liquid oxygen enters the nitrogen-oxygen mixer after being vaporized. The nitrogen-oxygen mixer has a nitrogen-oxygen mixer temperature sensor. Adjust the temperature of the liquid oxygen/liquid nitrogen water bath vaporizer according to the indication value of the nitrogen-oxygen mixer temperature sensor. Water level, adjust the gas temperature in the nitrogen-oxygen mixer to be about 10°C lower than the test temperature. At this time, because the system is not running, the inlet normally closed solenoid valve is closed, and the low-temperature nitrogen-oxygen mixture is discharged into the atmosphere through the nitrogen-oxygen mixer safety valve. ;
开启入口常闭电磁阀，将进气调压阀阀门开度调节至最大，将排气调节阀开度调节至最大，打开氢燃料电池系统的压气机，形成完整气路；Open the inlet normally closed solenoid valve, adjust the opening of the intake pressure regulating valve to the maximum, adjust the opening of the exhaust regulating valve to the maximum, and turn on the compressor of the hydrogen fuel cell system to form a complete gas circuit;
由综合控制器下达指令至气体温度控制器，气体温度控制器根据入口温度传感器对空气加热器进行闭环调节，将氮氧混合气温度升温至试验温度；The integrated controller sends instructions to the gas temperature controller, and the gas temperature controller performs closed-loop adjustment to the air heater according to the inlet temperature sensor, and raises the temperature of the nitrogen-oxygen mixture to the test temperature;
气流温度稳定后，由综合控制器下达指令至气体压力控制器，气体压力控制器根据入口总压传感器的测量值，闭环调节进气调节阀的开度，控制进气稳压罐的压力达到试验压力；入口压力调节的同时，由综合控制器下达指令至气体压力控制器，气体压力控制器根据出口压力传感器的测量值，闭环调节排气调节阀的开度，控制排气稳压罐的压力达到试验压力；After the airflow temperature is stabilized, the integrated controller will issue instructions to the gas pressure controller, and the gas pressure controller will adjust the opening of the intake regulating valve in a closed loop according to the measurement value of the inlet total pressure sensor, and control the pressure of the intake regulator tank to reach the test value. Pressure: While the inlet pressure is being adjusted, the integrated controller will issue instructions to the gas pressure controller, and the gas pressure controller will adjust the opening of the exhaust regulating valve in a closed loop according to the measured value of the outlet pressure sensor to control the pressure of the exhaust regulator tank reach the test pressure;
试验装置的环境压力、环境温度、入口压力、入口温度、出口压力都稳定后，由安全控制器 输出指令打开高压氢气常闭电磁阀为氢燃料电堆提供氢气；所有状态稳定后，开始进行氢燃料电池电性能测试；After the ambient pressure, ambient temperature, inlet pressure, inlet temperature, and outlet pressure of the test device are stable, the safety controller outputs instructions to open the high-pressure hydrogen normally closed solenoid valve to provide hydrogen for the hydrogen fuel stack; Fuel cell electrical performance test;
氢浓度传感器实时监测氢气浓度，一但氢浓度超过阈值，安全控制器通过继电器完成动力电源切断、入口常闭电磁阀关闭、高压氢气常闭电磁阀关闭、快开阀气口排气、高压氮气常开电磁阀打开；The hydrogen concentration sensor monitors the hydrogen concentration in real time. Once the hydrogen concentration exceeds the threshold, the safety controller cuts off the power supply through the relay, closes the inlet normally closed solenoid valve, closes the high pressure hydrogen normally closed solenoid valve, exhausts the gas port of the quick opening valve, and normally closes the high pressure nitrogen gas. Open solenoid valve to open;
高压氮气常开电磁阀打开后，迅速向低气压箱充入氮气，低气压箱内气压迅速恢复至常压；快开阀气口完成排气，快排安全阀的阀杆受到阀芯弹簧的作用开始动作，使快排安全阀的阀杆与快排安全阀的密封板分离，低气压箱压力恢复后，快排安全阀的密封板迅速掉落，使低气压箱与大气联通，低气压箱内氢气迅速从开口处排除，达到安全防护的效果。After the high-pressure nitrogen normally open solenoid valve is opened, nitrogen is quickly filled into the low-pressure tank, and the air pressure in the low-pressure tank quickly returns to normal pressure; the gas port of the quick-open valve is exhausted, and the valve stem of the quick-release safety valve is acted by the valve core spring Start the action to separate the stem of the quick-discharging safety valve from the sealing plate of the quick-discharging safety valve. After the pressure of the low-pressure box recovers, the sealing plate of the quick-discharging safety valve drops quickly, so that the low-pressure box is connected to the atmosphere, and the low-pressure box The internal hydrogen is quickly discharged from the opening to achieve the effect of safety protection.
本发明的该试验装置，其低气压箱能提供-40℃至150℃的温度，压力范围10kPa至标准大气压的大气环境的试验环境，在压气机入口可提供温度为-60℃至50℃、压力为20Kpa至标准大气压力、质量流量大于50g/s的低温气流，用于模拟高空飞行时压气机的吸气状态，在电堆出口处提供压力为20Kpa至标准大气压力的稳定排气环境排气流量大于50g/s，用于模拟高空飞行的实际排气环境，能满足试验要求。This test device of the present invention, its low-pressure box can provide the temperature of-40 ℃ to 150 ℃, the test environment of the atmospheric environment of pressure range 10kPa to standard atmospheric pressure, can provide the temperature at the inlet of the compressor to be-60 ℃ to 50 ℃, The low-temperature air flow with a pressure of 20Kpa to standard atmospheric pressure and a mass flow rate greater than 50g/s is used to simulate the suction state of the compressor during high-altitude flight, and to provide a stable exhaust environment with a pressure of 20Kpa to standard atmospheric pressure at the outlet of the stack. The air flow is greater than 50g/s, which is used to simulate the actual exhaust environment of high-altitude flight, which can meet the test requirements.
本发明的该试验装置，还包括有燃料电池系统所需的供氢系统、氢气浓度报警系统，确保试验安全可靠。The test device of the present invention also includes a hydrogen supply system and a hydrogen concentration alarm system required by the fuel cell system to ensure the safety and reliability of the test.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明实施例的无人机氢燃料电池系统的低温低气压性能试验装置控制流程图。Fig. 1 is a control flow chart of the low-temperature and low-pressure performance test device of the hydrogen fuel cell system of an unmanned aerial vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
图2是本发明实施例的无人机氢燃料电池系统的低温低气压性能试验装置的整体组成示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall composition of the low-temperature and low-pressure performance test device of the hydrogen fuel cell system of an unmanned aerial vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
图3是本发明实施例的无人机氢燃料电池系统的低温低气压性能的安全控制系统示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a safety control system for the low-temperature and low-pressure performance of the hydrogen fuel cell system of an unmanned aerial vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
图4是本发明实施例的水浴汽化器控制的示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the control of the water bath vaporizer according to the embodiment of the present invention.
图5是本发明实施例的水浴汽化器的整体示意图。Fig. 5 is an overall schematic diagram of a water bath vaporizer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
图6是本发明实施例的水浴汽化器的部分示意图。Fig. 6 is a partial schematic diagram of a water bath vaporizer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
图7是本发明实施例的水浴汽化器的剖面示意图。Fig. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a water bath vaporizer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
图8是本发明实施例的快排安全阀的整体示意图。Fig. 8 is an overall schematic diagram of the quick discharge safety valve according to the embodiment of the present invention.
图9是本发明实施例的快排安全阀的剖面示意图。Fig. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a quick-discharge safety valve according to an embodiment of the present invention.
附图标记说明：Explanation of reference signs:
综合控制器1、液氮/氧汽化控制器2、气体温度控制器3、气体压力控制器4、安全控制器5、液氮质量流量计6、液氧质量流量计7、液氮调节阀8、液氧调节阀9、水浴汽化器10、氮-氧混合器11、空气加热器12、进气调压阀13、进气稳压罐14、入口总压传感器15、入口常闭电磁阀16、入口温度传感器17、低气压箱18、排气稳压罐19、出口压力传感器20、排气调节阀21、大流量水环真空泵22、高压氮气常开电磁阀23、高压氢气常闭电磁阀24、快排安全阀25、水浴汽化控制器10-1、水浴供水口10-2、水浴变频回水泵10-3、水浴汽化器壳体10-4、水浴汽化器顶盖10-5、换热铜管10-6、浮子10-7、浮动水管10-8、磁致伸缩液位计10-9、导向杆10-10、氮-氧混合器温度传感器11-1、氮-氧混合器安全阀11-2、支架25-1、快排阀体25-2、快排阀阀杆25-3、阀芯弹簧25-4、快开密封板25-5、快开阀气口25-6、高压氮气瓶26、高压氢气瓶27、自增压液氮罐28、自增压液氧罐29、压气机30、氢燃料电堆31、氢浓度传感器32。Integrated controller 1, liquid nitrogen/oxygen vaporization controller 2, gas temperature controller 3, gas pressure controller 4, safety controller 5, liquid nitrogen mass flow meter 6, liquid oxygen mass flow meter 7, liquid nitrogen regulating valve 8 , liquid oxygen regulating valve 9, water bath vaporizer 10, nitrogen-oxygen mixer 11, air heater 12, inlet pressure regulating valve 13, inlet pressure regulator tank 14, inlet total pressure sensor 15, inlet normally closed solenoid valve 16, Inlet temperature sensor 17, low pressure tank 18, exhaust regulator tank 19, outlet pressure sensor 20, exhaust regulating valve 21, large flow water ring vacuum pump 22, high pressure nitrogen normally open solenoid valve 23, high pressure hydrogen normally closed solenoid valve 24 , quick discharge safety valve 25, water bath vaporization controller 10-1, water bath water supply port 10-2, water bath variable frequency return water pump 10-3, water bath vaporizer shell 10-4, water bath vaporizer top cover 10-5, heat exchange copper tube 10-6, float 10-7, floating water pipe 10-8, magnetostrictive liquid level gauge 10-9, guide rod 10-10, nitrogen-oxygen mixer temperature sensor 11-1, nitrogen-oxygen mixer safety valve 11 -2. Bracket 25-1, quick-discharging valve body 25-2, quick-discharging valve stem 25-3, valve core spring 25-4, quick-opening sealing plate 25-5, quick-opening valve air port 25-6, high-pressure nitrogen bottle 26, high-pressure hydrogen bottle 27, self-pressurized liquid nitrogen tank 28, self-pressurized liquid oxygen tank 29, compressor 30, hydrogen fuel stack 31, hydrogen concentration sensor 32.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, not to limit the present invention.
本发明实施例的试验装置的测试对象是无人机氢燃料电池系统，无人机氢燃料电池系统主要由氢燃料电堆和压气机组成，测试时，无人机氢燃料电池系统放置在低气压箱内部，由低气压箱提供-40℃至150℃的温度，压力范围10kPa至标准大气压的大气环境，低气压箱壁开有法兰孔，用于连接管路和线缆，无人机氢燃料电池系统的进气端通过管路连接至试验装置。The test object of the test device of the embodiment of the present invention is the hydrogen fuel cell system of the drone. The hydrogen fuel cell system of the drone is mainly composed of a hydrogen fuel cell stack and a compressor. During the test, the hydrogen fuel cell system of the drone is placed Inside the air pressure box, the temperature from -40°C to 150°C is provided by the low pressure box, and the pressure ranges from 10kPa to standard atmospheric pressure. There are flange holes on the wall of the low pressure box for connecting pipelines and cables, drones The intake end of the hydrogen fuel cell system is connected to the test device through a pipeline.
本发明实施例的试验装置，根据无人机氢燃料电池系统的实际使用环境搭建，能有效实现对无人机氢燃料电池系统高空工作性能的地面测试，该系统可以精确复现高空大气环境环境压力、环境温度、进口压力、出口压力。The test device of the embodiment of the present invention is built according to the actual use environment of the UAV hydrogen fuel cell system, which can effectively realize the ground test of the high-altitude working performance of the UAV hydrogen fuel cell system, and the system can accurately reproduce the high-altitude atmospheric environment. Pressure, ambient temperature, inlet pressure, outlet pressure.
如图1-图9所示，本发明实施例的无人机氢燃料电池系统的低温低气压性能试验装置，包括用于在内部放置无人机氢燃料电池系统的低气压箱18，无人机氢燃料电池系统由压气机以及电堆组成，该低气压箱提供-40℃至150℃的温度，压力范围10kPa至标准大气压的大气环境；该低气压箱的箱壁上开孔以连接管路，压气机入口处管路引入能为压气机入口提供温度为-60℃至50℃、压力为20Kpa至标准大气压力、质量流量大于50g/s的用于模拟高空飞行时压气机的吸气状态的低温气流，电堆出口处管路提供压力为20Kpa至标准大气压力、排气流量大于50g/s的用于模拟高空飞行的实际排气环境的稳定排气环境；所述低温气流是由液氮以及液氧按空气比例各自水浴汽化形成的气体充分混合并加热到预定温度后稳 压输出的低温气流，所述氢燃料电堆的氢供气口连接高压氢气源。As shown in Figures 1-9, the low-temperature and low-pressure performance test device of the unmanned aerial vehicle hydrogen fuel cell system of the embodiment of the present invention includes a low-pressure box 18 for placing the unmanned aerial vehicle hydrogen fuel cell system inside. The hydrogen fuel cell system consists of a compressor and an electric stack. The low-pressure box provides an atmospheric environment with a temperature ranging from -40°C to 150°C and a pressure range of 10kPa to standard atmospheric pressure; holes are opened on the wall of the low-pressure box to connect pipes The pipeline at the inlet of the compressor can provide the inlet of the compressor with a temperature of -60°C to 50°C, a pressure of 20Kpa to standard atmospheric pressure, and a mass flow rate greater than 50g/s for simulating the suction of the compressor during high-altitude flight. The low-temperature airflow in the state, the pipeline at the outlet of the stack provides a stable exhaust environment with a pressure of 20Kpa to standard atmospheric pressure and an exhaust flow greater than 50g/s for simulating the actual exhaust environment of high-altitude flight; the low-temperature airflow is composed of Liquid nitrogen and liquid oxygen are vaporized in water baths according to the air ratio, and the gases formed by vaporization in water baths are fully mixed and heated to a predetermined temperature. After that, the low-temperature gas flow is output at a stable pressure. The hydrogen gas supply port of the hydrogen fuel stack is connected to a high-pressure hydrogen source.
本发明的实施例的试验装置，压气机入口气流可以实现温度为-40℃至50℃连续可调，供气流量大于50g/s。在压气机工作时，压气机进气口大量吸气，通过调节进气口阀门开度，使压气机进气口达到负压状态，可以调节压力范围20KPa至常压。In the test device of the embodiment of the present invention, the temperature of the airflow at the inlet of the compressor can be continuously adjusted from -40°C to 50°C, and the flow rate of the air supply is greater than 50g/s. When the compressor is working, the air inlet of the compressor sucks in a lot of air. By adjusting the opening of the air inlet valve, the air inlet of the compressor can be brought into a negative pressure state, and the pressure range can be adjusted from 20KPa to normal pressure.
由于氢燃料电堆实际工作时，需要氧气与氢气作用，将化学能转换为电能，因此无人机氢燃料电池系统的进气氧含量必须与实际空气中氧含量一致，为满足大流量低温进气要求，试验所需的大流量空气由液氧和液氮按空气比例汽化得到，这种供气方式可以有效避免使用风机供气造成的低温凝露现象，同时可以降低制冷成本。Since the hydrogen fuel cell stack actually works, it needs the interaction between oxygen and hydrogen to convert chemical energy into electrical energy. Therefore, the intake oxygen content of the hydrogen fuel cell system of the UAV must be consistent with the oxygen content in the actual air. Air requirements, the large flow of air required for the test is obtained by vaporizing liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen in proportion to the air. This air supply method can effectively avoid the low-temperature condensation caused by the use of fan air supply, and at the same time reduce refrigeration costs.
为保证液氮和液氧汽化后的气体混合比例与空气相同，可选的，可以采取双闭环控制的方式控制液氮和液氧的汽化量。根据试验流量要求，如可按照空气中氮氧比例近似取为4:1设置液氮的质量目标值，由液氮调节阀闭环控制液氮流量。控制液氧流量时，以液氮流量实测值按照空气氮氧比例计算出液氧需求量，以该值作为目标值，由液氮调节阀闭环控制液氮流量。液氮、液氧双闭环的控制方式可以确保输出气流氮氧比例与实际空气氮氧比例相同，确保无人机氢燃料电池系统正常工作。液氮/液氧由水浴汽化的方式进行汽化，汽化后混合为氮氧低温气体，经过加热器加热至试验要求温度。In order to ensure that the gas mixing ratio after vaporization of liquid nitrogen and liquid oxygen is the same as that of air, optionally, a double closed-loop control method can be adopted to control the vaporization amount of liquid nitrogen and liquid oxygen. According to the test flow requirements, for example, the quality target value of liquid nitrogen can be set according to the approximate ratio of nitrogen and oxygen in the air to 4:1, and the flow of liquid nitrogen is controlled by the liquid nitrogen regulating valve in a closed loop. When controlling the liquid oxygen flow, the liquid nitrogen demand is calculated according to the ratio of air nitrogen and oxygen based on the measured value of the liquid nitrogen flow, and this value is used as the target value, and the liquid nitrogen flow is controlled by the liquid nitrogen regulating valve in a closed loop. The double-closed-loop control method of liquid nitrogen and liquid oxygen can ensure that the nitrogen-oxygen ratio of the output airflow is the same as the actual air nitrogen-oxygen ratio, ensuring the normal operation of the UAV hydrogen fuel cell system. Liquid nitrogen/liquid oxygen is vaporized by water bath vaporization, and after vaporization, it is mixed into nitrogen and oxygen low-temperature gas, which is heated by a heater to the temperature required for the test.
作为一个可选的实施例，形成所述低温气流的装置包括有自增压液氮罐28、自增压液氧罐29；As an optional embodiment, the device for forming the low-temperature gas flow includes a self-pressurized liquid nitrogen tank 28 and a self-pressurized liquid oxygen tank 29;
所述自增压液氮罐连接至液氮质量流量计6,液氮质量流量计连接至液氮调节阀8，液氮调节阀连接至液氮水浴汽化器；The self-pressurized liquid nitrogen tank is connected to the liquid nitrogen mass flow meter 6, the liquid nitrogen mass flow meter is connected to the liquid nitrogen regulating valve 8, and the liquid nitrogen regulating valve is connected to the liquid nitrogen water bath vaporizer;
所述自增压液氧罐连接至液氧质量流量计7,液氧质量流量计连接至液氧调节阀9，液氧调节阀连接至液氧水浴汽化器；The self-pressurized liquid oxygen tank is connected to the liquid oxygen mass flow meter 7, the liquid oxygen mass flow meter is connected to the liquid oxygen regulating valve 9, and the liquid oxygen regulating valve is connected to the liquid oxygen water bath vaporizer;
所述液氮水浴汽化器、液氧水浴汽化器连接至氮-氧混合器11，氮-氧混合器连接到空气加热器12，空气加热器连接至进气调压阀13，进气调压阀连接至进气稳压罐14，在进气稳压罐上装有入口总压传感器15；氮-氧混合器具有氮-氧混合器温度传感器11-1以及氮-氧混合器安全阀11-2；该液氮水浴汽化器与液氧水浴汽化器采用同一结构的水浴汽化器10；The liquid nitrogen water bath vaporizer and the liquid oxygen water bath vaporizer are connected to the nitrogen-oxygen mixer 11, the nitrogen-oxygen mixer is connected to the air heater 12, the air heater is connected to the inlet pressure regulating valve 13, and the inlet pressure regulating valve is connected to To the intake surge tank 14, an inlet total pressure sensor 15 is installed on the intake surge tank; the nitrogen-oxygen mixer has a nitrogen-oxygen mixer temperature sensor 11-1 and a nitrogen-oxygen mixer safety valve 11-2; The liquid nitrogen water bath vaporizer and the liquid oxygen water bath vaporizer adopt the water bath vaporizer 10 of the same structure;
所述进气稳压罐14由管路通至低气压箱内部与燃料电池系统的压气机进气口连接，管路上装有入口常闭电磁阀16和入口温度传感器17。The air intake surge tank 14 is connected to the air inlet of the compressor of the fuel cell system through a pipeline leading to the interior of the low pressure tank, and the pipeline is equipped with an inlet normally closed solenoid valve 16 and an inlet temperature sensor 17 .
其中，液氮质量流量计6的测量信号连接至液氮/氧汽化控制器2，液氮调节阀8的控制输入端连接至液氮/氧汽化控制器2，形成液氮PID控制循环；液氧质量流量计7连接至液氮/氧汽化控制器2，液氧调节阀9的控制输入端连接至液氮/氧汽化控制器2，形成液氧 PID控制循环；Among them, the measurement signal of the liquid nitrogen mass flowmeter 6 is connected to the liquid nitrogen/oxygen vaporization controller 2, and the control input end of the liquid nitrogen regulating valve 8 is connected to the liquid nitrogen/oxygen vaporization controller 2 to form a liquid nitrogen PID control cycle; The oxygen mass flowmeter 7 is connected to the liquid nitrogen/oxygen vaporization controller 2, and the control input end of the liquid oxygen regulating valve 9 is connected to the liquid nitrogen/oxygen vaporization controller 2 to form a liquid oxygen PID control cycle;
其中，入口温度传感器17连接至气体温度控制器3，气体温度控制器3连接至空气加热器的可控硅模块，形成温度PID控制循环；Wherein, the inlet temperature sensor 17 is connected to the gas temperature controller 3, and the gas temperature controller 3 is connected to the thyristor module of the air heater to form a temperature PID control cycle;
其中，入口总压传感器15的信号接入气体压力控制器4，由气体压力控制器4控制进气调压阀13的开度，形成入口压力PID控制循环。将出口压力传感器20的信号接入气体压力控制器4，由气体压力控制器4控制排气调节阀21开度，形成入口压力PID控制循环。Wherein, the signal of the inlet total pressure sensor 15 is connected to the gas pressure controller 4, and the gas pressure controller 4 controls the opening of the inlet pressure regulating valve 13, forming an inlet pressure PID control cycle. The signal of the outlet pressure sensor 20 is connected to the gas pressure controller 4, and the gas pressure controller 4 controls the opening of the exhaust regulating valve 21 to form an inlet pressure PID control cycle.
本试验装置中可以是由液氮/氧汽化控制器2，基于PID控制器根据液氮质量流量计6、液氧质量流量计7的测量值以及设定的质量目标值对液氮/液氧的调节阀开度进行闭环控制，保证液氮/液氧的比例符合试验的要求。In this test device, the liquid nitrogen/oxygen vaporization controller 2 can be used to control the liquid nitrogen/liquid oxygen based on the measured values of the liquid nitrogen mass flowmeter 6 and the liquid oxygen mass flowmeter 7 and the set quality target value based on the PID controller. The opening of the regulating valve is closed-loop controlled to ensure that the ratio of liquid nitrogen/liquid oxygen meets the requirements of the test.
本试验装置中的水浴汽化器，可以通过调节水浴槽的水位对汽化温度进行粗调，汽化后温度仅略低于试验温度，通过空气加热器12可以进行精确温度控制，将温度加热至试验要求温度，该水浴汽化器通过粗调温度可以有效降低空气加热器的加热功率，提升试验效率。该空气加热器12可以是由气体温度控制器3基于PID控制器闭环控制实现温度的控制。The water bath vaporizer in this test device can roughly adjust the vaporization temperature by adjusting the water level of the water bath. , the water bath vaporizer can effectively reduce the heating power of the air heater and improve the test efficiency by roughly adjusting the temperature. The air heater 12 can be controlled by the gas temperature controller 3 based on the closed-loop control of the PID controller.
作为一个可选的实施例，由气体压力控制器4基于PID控制器，根据入口总压传感器15的实测值，进气压力目标值，进行闭环控制进气调压阀13的开度，控制进气量，使符合试验的要求。As an optional embodiment, the gas pressure controller 4 is based on the PID controller, and according to the measured value of the total inlet pressure sensor 15 and the target value of the intake pressure, the closed-loop control of the opening of the intake pressure regulating valve 13 is performed to control the intake pressure. Gas volume, so that it meets the requirements of the test.
作为一个可选的实施例，所述液氮水浴汽化器与液氧水浴汽化器结构一致，具有水浴汽化器壳体10-4，水浴汽化器壳体10-4中设置有浮子10-7以及螺旋状缠绕围在浮子外侧的换热铜管10-6，换热铜管10-6的底部入口与液氮调节阀/液氧调节阀连接通入液氮/液氧，顶部出口与氮-氧混合器11连接，排出低温气体；水浴汽化器壳体10-4上的水浴供水口10-2连接水浴供水泵；装在浮子上的浮动水管10-8自水浴汽化器顶盖10-5向上伸出与水浴变频回水泵10-3连接，浮子10-7由导向杆10-10与水浴汽化器顶盖10-5连接，磁致伸缩液位计10-9固定在水浴汽化器顶盖10-5上，磁致伸缩液位计10-9的磁环固定在浮子10-7上，磁致伸缩液位计10-9的信号连接至水浴汽化控制器10-1，水浴汽化控制器10-1与水浴变频回水泵10-3连接，控制水浴变频回水泵10-3的抽水量，形成液位PID控制。As an optional embodiment, the structure of the liquid nitrogen water bath vaporizer is consistent with that of the liquid oxygen water bath vaporizer. The heat exchange copper tube 10-6 on the outside of the float, the bottom inlet of the heat exchange copper tube 10-6 is connected to the liquid nitrogen regulating valve/liquid oxygen regulating valve to feed liquid nitrogen/liquid oxygen, and the top outlet is connected to the nitrogen-oxygen mixer 11 Connect and discharge low-temperature gas; the water bath water supply port 10-2 on the water bath vaporizer shell 10-4 is connected to the water bath water supply pump; the floating water pipe 10-8 mounted on the float protrudes upward from the top cover 10-5 of the water bath vaporizer to communicate with the water bath frequency conversion The return pump 10-3 is connected, the float 10-7 is connected with the top cover 10-5 of the water bath vaporizer by the guide rod 10-10, and the magnetostrictive liquid level gauge 10-9 is fixed on the top cover 10-5 of the water bath vaporizer. The magnetic ring of the liquid level gauge 10-9 is fixed on the float 10-7, the signal of the magnetostrictive liquid level gauge 10-9 is connected to the water bath vaporization controller 10-1, and the water bath vaporization controller 10-1 is connected with the water bath variable frequency return water pump 10-3 is connected to control the pumping volume of the water bath variable frequency return water pump 10-3 to form a liquid level PID control.
作为一个可选的实施例，所述氢燃料电堆的出口通过管路连接至排气稳压罐19的入口，所述排气稳压罐19上安装有出口压力传感器20，所述排气稳压罐19的排气口由三通管路连接大流量水环真空泵22和排气调节阀21。As an optional embodiment, the outlet of the hydrogen fuel stack is connected to the inlet of the exhaust pressure regulator tank 19 through a pipeline, and an outlet pressure sensor 20 is installed on the exhaust regulator tank 19, and the exhaust gas regulator tank 19 is equipped with an outlet pressure sensor 20, and the exhaust The exhaust port of the surge tank 19 is connected with a large flow water ring vacuum pump 22 and an exhaust regulating valve 21 by a three-way pipeline.
通过氢燃料电堆的出口连接排气稳压罐，排气稳压罐连接大流量水环真空泵和出口压力传感器，由排气稳压罐、大流量水环真空泵、出口压力传感器、组成排气压力控制循环， 由气体压力控制器4基于PID控制器，根据出口压力传感器20的实测值、排气压力目标值，闭环控制排气调节阀21的开度，实现控制排气压力，使排气压力始终处于稳定，从而可调压力范围20KPa至标准大气压。The outlet of the hydrogen fuel stack is connected to the exhaust regulator tank, and the exhaust regulator tank is connected to the large flow water ring vacuum pump and the outlet pressure sensor. The exhaust regulator tank, the large flow water ring vacuum pump, the outlet pressure sensor, and the exhaust The pressure control cycle is based on the PID controller by the gas pressure controller 4. According to the actual measurement value of the outlet pressure sensor 20 and the target value of the exhaust pressure, the closed-loop control of the opening of the exhaust regulating valve 21 is realized to control the exhaust pressure and make the exhaust The pressure is always stable, so the adjustable pressure range is 20KPa to standard atmospheric pressure.
作为一个可选的实施例，所述氢燃料电堆的氢供气口管路通过高压氢气常闭电磁阀24连接到高压氢气瓶27，所述低气压箱上的高压氮气口经管路并通过高压氮气常开电磁阀23连接至高压氮气瓶26。As an optional embodiment, the hydrogen gas supply port pipeline of the hydrogen fuel stack is connected to the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder 27 through the high-pressure hydrogen normally closed solenoid valve 24, and the high-pressure nitrogen gas port on the low-pressure tank passes through the pipeline and passes through The high pressure nitrogen normally open solenoid valve 23 is connected to the high pressure nitrogen cylinder 26.
作为一个可选的实施例，所述低气压箱18上近排气侧的箱壁上近顶部预留泄压孔，该泄压孔安装有快排安全阀25。As an optional embodiment, a pressure relief hole is reserved near the top on the wall of the low pressure tank 18 near the exhaust side, and a quick discharge safety valve 25 is installed in the pressure relief hole.
作为一个可选的实施例，所述快排安全阀25，包括安装在支架25-1上的快排阀体25-2，快排阀体内部安装有快排阀阀杆25-3和阀芯弹簧25-4，阀芯弹簧套在阀杆上为快排阀阀杆提供复位力，快排阀阀杆伸出阀体的前端有快开密封板25-5，该快开密封板的前端具有橡胶密封条，安装在低气压箱上后贴紧低气压箱箱壁形成对所述泄压孔的密封，快排阀体的后端设置有快开阀气口25-6以通过电磁阀接入压缩空气将快排阀杆压紧，使快排密封板压紧在低气压箱箱壁上。As an optional embodiment, the quick-discharging safety valve 25 includes a quick-discharging valve body 25-2 installed on a bracket 25-1, and a quick-discharging valve stem 25-3 and a valve body are installed inside the quick-discharging valve body. Core spring 25-4, the spool spring sleeve on the valve stem provides reset force for the quick discharge valve stem, the front end of the quick discharge valve stem protruding from the valve body has a quick opening sealing plate 25-5, the quick opening sealing plate The front end has a rubber sealing strip, which is installed on the low-pressure tank and close to the wall of the low-pressure tank to seal the pressure relief hole. The rear end of the quick-discharging valve body is provided with a quick-opening valve port 25-6 to pass through the solenoid valve. Connect the compressed air to press the quick-discharge valve stem tightly, so that the quick-discharge sealing plate is pressed against the wall of the low-pressure tank.
作为一个可选的实施例，在低气压箱中，靠近氢气管路和氢燃料电堆的位置安装有氢浓度传感器32，所述氢浓度传感器连接至安全控制器5，安全控制器连接继电器，所述继电器控制高压氮气常开电磁阀23、高压氢气常闭电磁阀24、控制所述低温气流进入所述压气机的入口常闭电磁阀16以及快排安全阀25的气源电磁阀。As an optional embodiment, in the low pressure box, a hydrogen concentration sensor 32 is installed near the hydrogen pipeline and the hydrogen fuel stack, the hydrogen concentration sensor is connected to the safety controller 5, and the safety controller is connected to the relay, The relay controls the normally open solenoid valve 23 for high pressure nitrogen, the normally closed solenoid valve 24 for high pressure hydrogen, the normally closed solenoid valve 16 for controlling the inlet of the low temperature airflow into the compressor and the air source solenoid valve for the quick discharge safety valve 25.
由于试验时，需要对氢燃料电堆供氢、供氧，无人机氢燃料电池系统具有泄漏风险，非密封环境中，轻微的氢气泄漏会迅速排放到大气中，不会造成堆积，爆燃风险较低，但是在低气压箱中，氢气发生泄漏不能及时泄出，会迅速在箱顶累积，具有较大的安全风险，为了避免试验中出现爆燃事故，该试验装置具备独立的安全控制回路，确保氢气泄漏的实时监测和氢气的快速泄出。Due to the need to supply hydrogen and oxygen to the hydrogen fuel cell stack during the test, the hydrogen fuel cell system of the drone has a risk of leakage. In a non-sealed environment, a slight hydrogen leak will be quickly discharged into the atmosphere without causing accumulation or deflagration risk. However, in the low-pressure tank, hydrogen leakage cannot be released in time, and it will quickly accumulate on the top of the tank, which has a greater safety risk. In order to avoid deflagration accidents during the test, the test device has an independent safety control circuit. Ensure real-time monitoring of hydrogen leakage and rapid release of hydrogen.
其中，所述安全控制回路由独立运行的安全控制器组成，其中，安全控制器由电池供电，停电或出现意外断电时，安全控制器仍然独立运行，安全控制器直采集低气压箱中的氢气浓度，一但检测氢气泄漏，安全控制器通过继电器切断氢气供给、切断供气回路，控制打开高压氮气的阀门，将低气压箱内部充入氮气，使得低气压箱内压力迅速升高，同时控制快排安全阀启动，压力平衡时快排安全阀的阀板脱落，实现低气压箱内残余氢气会快速排出，达到安全控制的目的，确保安全。Wherein, the safety control loop is composed of an independently operated safety controller, wherein the safety controller is powered by a battery, and when a power failure or unexpected power failure occurs, the safety controller still operates independently, and the safety controller directly collects the temperature in the low-pressure box. Hydrogen concentration, once the hydrogen leakage is detected, the safety controller cuts off the hydrogen supply through the relay, cuts off the gas supply circuit, controls the opening of the high-pressure nitrogen valve, and fills the low-pressure tank with nitrogen, so that the pressure in the low-pressure tank rises rapidly, and at the same time Control the start of the quick-discharging safety valve. When the pressure is balanced, the valve plate of the quick-discharging safety valve falls off, so that the residual hydrogen in the low-pressure tank will be quickly discharged, achieving the purpose of safety control and ensuring safety.
作为一个可选的实施例，本发明实施例中，试验的压力控制、温度控制、液氮/液氧 汽化控制具备独立的PID控制器，可独立运行，也可以是由综合控制器1统一设置运行。所述的液氮/氧汽化控制器2，气体温度控制器3，气体压力控制器4通过RS485总线连接至综合控制器1，综合控制器1实现汇总数据、显示数据和下发数据的功能As an optional embodiment, in the embodiment of the present invention, the pressure control, temperature control, and liquid nitrogen/liquid oxygen vaporization control of the test have independent PID controllers, which can be operated independently, or can be set uniformly by the integrated controller 1 run. The liquid nitrogen/oxygen vaporization controller 2, the gas temperature controller 3, and the gas pressure controller 4 are connected to the integrated controller 1 through the RS485 bus, and the integrated controller 1 realizes the functions of summarizing data, displaying data and sending data
作为一个可选的实施例，本发明实施例中的水浴汽化器可以在液氮/液氮汽化过程中，通过控制水浴水位粗调出气口温度，以有效降低了空气加热器的额定功率，从而达到降本增效的目的。As an optional embodiment, the water bath vaporizer in the embodiment of the present invention can effectively reduce the rated power of the air heater by controlling the water level of the water bath during the vaporization process of liquid nitrogen/liquid nitrogen to roughly adjust the gas outlet temperature, so as to achieve The purpose of cost reduction and efficiency increase.
本发明的实施例的第二方面，提供一种无人机氢燃料电池系统的低温低气压性能试验方法，采用本发明第一方面所述无人机氢燃料电池系统的低温低气压性能试验装置对无人机氢燃料电池系统进行试验，采用以下步骤：The second aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a low-temperature and low-pressure performance test method for a hydrogen fuel cell system for an unmanned aerial vehicle, using the low-temperature and low-pressure performance test device for a hydrogen fuel cell system for an unmanned aerial vehicle described in the first aspect of the present invention To test a hydrogen fuel cell system for a drone, the following steps are used:
将无人机氢燃料电池系统安装在低气压箱18，将压气机进气口连接至进气管路，氢燃料电堆出气口连接至排气管路，将高压氢气连接至电堆，将氢浓度传感器32布置在靠近氢气管路和氢燃料电堆的位置；Install the hydrogen fuel cell system of the UAV in the low-pressure box 18, connect the air inlet of the compressor to the air intake pipeline, connect the gas outlet of the hydrogen fuel stack to the exhaust pipeline, connect the high-pressure hydrogen to the stack, and connect the hydrogen The concentration sensor 32 is arranged at a position close to the hydrogen pipeline and the hydrogen fuel stack;
使用安全控制器5控制气源电磁阀开启，将快排安全阀25充入高压气体，推动快排阀阀杆25-3动作，将快开密封板25-5推紧，完成密封，使用安全控制器5控制高压氮气常开电磁阀23关闭；Use the safety controller 5 to control the opening of the air source solenoid valve, fill the quick-discharge safety valve 25 with high-pressure gas, push the quick-discharge valve stem 25-3 to move, and push the quick-open sealing plate 25-5 tightly to complete the seal and ensure safe use. The controller 5 controls the high pressure nitrogen normally open solenoid valve 23 to close;
控制低气压箱18进行降压及降温，将环境压力和温度控制到试验压力和温度；Control the low-pressure box 18 to reduce the pressure and temperature, and control the ambient pressure and temperature to the test pressure and temperature;
由综合控制器1下达指令至液氮/氧汽化控制器2，设置气量(质量流量g/s)，由液氮/氧汽化控制器2中的PID控制器、液氮质量流量计6，液氧质量流量计7和液氮调节阀8,液氧调节阀9组成液氮、液氧输出循环系统，输出定量的液氮和液氧分别进入液氮水浴汽化器、液氧水浴汽化器；The integrated controller 1 sends instructions to the liquid nitrogen/oxygen vaporization controller 2 to set the gas volume (mass flow g/s), and the PID controller in the liquid nitrogen/oxygen vaporization controller 2, the liquid nitrogen mass flow meter 6, and the liquid nitrogen/oxygen vaporization controller 2 The oxygen mass flowmeter 7, the liquid nitrogen regulating valve 8, and the liquid oxygen regulating valve 9 form a liquid nitrogen and liquid oxygen output circulation system, and the output quantitative liquid nitrogen and liquid oxygen enter the liquid nitrogen water bath vaporizer and the liquid oxygen water bath vaporizer respectively;
打开水浴供水泵通过水浴供水口10-2为液氮水浴汽化器、液氧水浴汽化器供水，打开水浴变频回水泵10-3，通过水浴汽化控制器10-1设定指定水位，水浴汽化控制器10-1根据磁致伸缩液位计10-9的信号闭环控制水浴变频回水泵10-3的回水量，稳定控制水浴水位；Turn on the water bath water supply pump to supply water to the liquid nitrogen water bath vaporizer and the liquid oxygen water bath vaporizer through the water bath water supply port 10-2, turn on the water bath variable frequency return water pump 10-3, set the specified water level through the water bath vaporization controller 10-1, and the water bath vaporization controller 10 -1 According to the signal of the magnetostrictive liquid level gauge 10-9, the return water volume of the water bath variable frequency return water pump 10-3 is closed-loop controlled, and the water level of the water bath is stably controlled;
液氮/液氧经过汽化后进入氮-氧混合器，氮-氧混合器中具有氮-氧混合器温度传感器11-1，根据温度传感器的示值手动调整液氮水浴汽化器、液氧水浴汽化器的水位，调试氮-氧混合器内气体温度低于试验温度10℃左右。此时由于系统没有运行，入口常闭电磁阀16处于关闭状态，低温氮氧混合气通过氮-氧混合器安全阀11-2排入大气；The liquid nitrogen/liquid oxygen enters the nitrogen-oxygen mixer after being vaporized, and the nitrogen-oxygen mixer has a nitrogen-oxygen mixer temperature sensor 11-1, and manually adjusts the liquid nitrogen water bath vaporizer and liquid oxygen water bath vaporizer according to the temperature sensor indication value Adjust the water level, and adjust the gas temperature in the nitrogen-oxygen mixer to be about 10°C lower than the test temperature. At this time, because the system is not running, the inlet normally closed solenoid valve 16 is in a closed state, and the low-temperature nitrogen-oxygen mixture is discharged into the atmosphere through the nitrogen-oxygen mixer safety valve 11-2;
开启入口常闭电磁阀16，将进气调压阀13阀门开度调节至最大，将排气调节阀21开度调节至最大，打开燃料电池系统的压气机，形成完整气路；Open the inlet normally closed solenoid valve 16, adjust the valve opening of the intake pressure regulating valve 13 to the maximum, adjust the opening of the exhaust regulating valve 21 to the maximum, and open the compressor of the fuel cell system to form a complete gas circuit;
由综合控制器1下达指令至气体温度控制器3，气体温度控制器3根据入口温度传感器17 对空气加热器12进行闭环调节，将氮氧混合气温度升温至试验温度；The integrated controller 1 issues instructions to the gas temperature controller 3, and the gas temperature controller 3 performs closed-loop adjustment to the air heater 12 according to the inlet temperature sensor 17, and raises the temperature of the nitrogen-oxygen mixture to the test temperature;
气流温度稳定后，由综合控制器1下达指令至气体压力控制器4，气体压力控制器4根据入口总压传感器15的测量值，闭环调节进气调压阀13的开度，控制进气稳压罐14的压力达到试验压力。入口压力调节的同时，由综合控制器1下达指令至气体压力控制器4，气体压力控制器4根据出口压力传感器20的测量值，闭环调节排气调节阀21的开度，控制排气稳压罐19的压力达到试验压力；After the airflow temperature is stabilized, the integrated controller 1 sends an instruction to the gas pressure controller 4, and the gas pressure controller 4 adjusts the opening of the intake pressure regulating valve 13 in a closed loop according to the measured value of the inlet total pressure sensor 15, and controls the intake air to stabilize. The pressure of the pressure tank 14 reaches the test pressure. At the same time as the inlet pressure is adjusted, the integrated controller 1 issues instructions to the gas pressure controller 4, and the gas pressure controller 4 adjusts the opening of the exhaust regulating valve 21 in a closed loop according to the measured value of the outlet pressure sensor 20 to control the exhaust gas pressure stabilization The pressure of tank 19 reaches the test pressure;
试验装置的环境压力、环境温度、入口压力、入口温度、出口压力都稳定后，由安全控制器5输出指令打开高压氢气常闭电磁阀24为氢燃料电堆提供氢气。所有状态稳定后，开始进行氢燃料电池的电性能测试。After the ambient pressure, ambient temperature, inlet pressure, inlet temperature, and outlet pressure of the test device are all stable, the safety controller 5 outputs an instruction to open the high-pressure hydrogen normally closed solenoid valve 24 to provide hydrogen for the hydrogen fuel stack. After all the states are stable, the electrical performance test of the hydrogen fuel cell is started.
氢浓度传感器32实时监测氢气浓度，一但氢浓度超过阈值，安全控制器5会通过继电器控制动力电源接触器完成动力电源切断、入口常闭电磁阀16关闭、高压氢气常闭电磁阀24关闭、打开快开阀气口25-6排气、高压氮气常开电磁阀23打开；The hydrogen concentration sensor 32 monitors the hydrogen concentration in real time. Once the hydrogen concentration exceeds the threshold, the safety controller 5 will control the power supply contactor through the relay to complete the power supply cutoff, the inlet normally closed solenoid valve 16 is closed, the high pressure hydrogen normally closed solenoid valve 24 is closed, Open the quick opening valve gas port 25-6 to exhaust, and the high pressure nitrogen normally open solenoid valve 23 to open;
高压氮气常开电磁阀23打开后，迅速向低气压箱18充入氮气，低气压箱内气压迅速恢复至常压。快开阀气口25-6完成排气，快排阀阀杆25-3受到阀芯弹簧25-4的作用开始动作，使快排阀阀杆25-3与快开密封板25-5分离，低气压箱18压力恢复后，快开密封板25-5迅速掉落，使低气压箱18与大气联通，低气压箱18内氢气迅速从开口处排除，达到安全防护的效果。After the high-pressure nitrogen normally open solenoid valve 23 is opened, nitrogen is filled into the low-pressure box 18 rapidly, and the air pressure in the low-pressure box returns to normal pressure quickly. The gas port 25-6 of the quick-opening valve completes exhaust, and the valve stem 25-3 of the quick-discharging valve starts to move under the action of the valve core spring 25-4, so that the valve stem 25-3 of the quick-discharging valve is separated from the quick-opening sealing plate 25-5. After the pressure of the low-pressure box 18 is recovered, the quick-opening sealing plate 25-5 drops rapidly, so that the low-pressure box 18 is communicated with the atmosphere, and the hydrogen in the low-pressure box 18 is quickly removed from the opening to achieve the effect of safety protection.
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出的是，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and Retouching should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

  1. 无人机氢燃料电池系统的低温低气压性能试验装置，其特征在于，包括用于在内部放置无人机氢燃料电池系统的低气压箱，无人机氢燃料电池系统由压气机以及氢燃料电堆组成，该低气压箱提供-40℃至150℃的温度，压力范围10kPa至标准大气压的大气环境；该低气压箱的箱壁上开孔以连接管路，压气机入口处管路引入能为压气机入口提供温度为-60℃至50℃、压力为20Kpa至标准大气压力、质量流量大于50g/s的用于模拟高空飞行时压气机的吸气状态的低温气流，氢燃料电堆出口处管路提供压力为20Kpa至标准大气压力、排气流量大于50g/s的用于模拟高空飞行的实际排气环境的稳定排气环境；所述低温气流是由液氮以及液氧按空气比例各自水浴汽化形成的气体充分混合并加热到预定温度后稳压输出的气流，所述氢燃料电堆的氢供气口连接高压氢气源。The low-temperature and low-pressure performance test device of the UAV hydrogen fuel cell system is characterized in that it includes a low-pressure box for placing the UAV hydrogen fuel cell system inside, and the UAV hydrogen fuel cell system is composed of a compressor and a hydrogen fuel cell. Composed of electric stacks, the low-pressure box provides an atmospheric environment with a temperature from -40°C to 150°C and a pressure range of 10kPa to standard atmospheric pressure; holes are opened on the wall of the low-pressure box to connect pipelines, and the pipelines are introduced at the inlet of the compressor It can provide the inlet of the compressor with a temperature of -60°C to 50°C, a pressure of 20Kpa to standard atmospheric pressure, and a mass flow rate greater than 50g/s, which is used to simulate the suction state of the compressor during high-altitude flight. Hydrogen fuel stack The pipeline at the outlet provides a stable exhaust environment with a pressure of 20Kpa to standard atmospheric pressure and an exhaust flow greater than 50g/s for simulating the actual exhaust environment of high-altitude flight; the low-temperature airflow is composed of liquid nitrogen and liquid oxygen by air The gases formed by vaporization in the respective water baths are fully mixed and heated to a predetermined temperature to stabilize the output gas flow, and the hydrogen gas supply port of the hydrogen fuel stack is connected to a high-pressure hydrogen source.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述无人机氢燃料电池系统的低温低气压性能试验装置，其特征在于，形成所述低温气流的装置包括有自增压液氮罐、自增压液氧罐；The low-temperature and low-pressure performance test device for the hydrogen fuel cell system of the unmanned aerial vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the device for forming the low-temperature air flow includes a self-pressurized liquid nitrogen tank and a self-pressurized liquid oxygen tank;
    所述自增压液氮罐连接至液氮质量流量计,液氮质量流量计连接至液氮调节阀，液氮调节阀连接至液氮水浴汽化器；The self-pressurized liquid nitrogen tank is connected to a liquid nitrogen mass flowmeter, the liquid nitrogen mass flowmeter is connected to a liquid nitrogen regulating valve, and the liquid nitrogen regulating valve is connected to a liquid nitrogen water bath vaporizer;
    所述自增压液氧罐连接至液氧质量流量计,液氧质量流量计连接至液氧调节阀，液氧调节阀连接至液氧水浴汽化器；The self-pressurized liquid oxygen tank is connected to a liquid oxygen mass flowmeter, the liquid oxygen mass flowmeter is connected to a liquid oxygen regulating valve, and the liquid oxygen regulating valve is connected to a liquid oxygen water bath vaporizer;
    所述液氮水浴汽化器、液氧水浴汽化器连接至氮-氧混合器，氮-氧混合器连接到空气加热器，空气加热器连接至进气调压阀，进气调压阀连接至进气稳压罐，在进气稳压罐上装有入口总压传感器；氮-氧混合器具有氮-氧混合器温度传感器以及氮-氧混合器安全阀；The liquid nitrogen water bath vaporizer and the liquid oxygen water bath vaporizer are connected to the nitrogen-oxygen mixer, the nitrogen-oxygen mixer is connected to the air heater, the air heater is connected to the intake pressure regulating valve, and the intake pressure regulating valve is connected to the intake air The surge tank is equipped with an inlet total pressure sensor on the intake pressure tank; the nitrogen-oxygen mixer has a nitrogen-oxygen mixer temperature sensor and a nitrogen-oxygen mixer safety valve;
    所述进气稳压罐由管路通至低气压箱内部与燃料电池系统的压气机进气口连接，管路上装有入口常闭电磁阀和入口温度传感器。The air intake pressure tank is connected to the air inlet of the fuel cell system by a pipeline leading to the interior of the low pressure tank, and the pipeline is equipped with an inlet normally closed solenoid valve and an inlet temperature sensor.
  3. 根据权利要求2所述无人机氢燃料电池系统的低温低气压性能试验装置，其特征在于，所述液氮水浴汽化器与液氧水浴汽化器结构一致，具有壳体，壳体中设置有浮子以及螺旋状缠绕围在浮子外侧的换热铜管，换热铜管底部入口与液氮调节阀/液氧调节阀连接通入液氮/液氧，顶部出口与氮-氧混合器连接，排出低温气体；壳体上的供水口连接水浴供水泵；装在浮子上的浮动水管自水浴汽化器顶盖向上伸出与水浴变频回水泵连接，浮子由导向杆与水浴汽化器顶盖连接，磁致伸缩液位计固定在水浴汽化器顶盖上，磁致伸缩液位计的磁环固定在浮子上，磁致伸缩液位计的信号连接至水浴汽化控制器，水浴汽化控制器与水浴变频回水泵连接，控制水浴变频回水泵的抽水量，形成液位PID控制。According to the low-temperature and low-pressure performance test device of the hydrogen fuel cell system of an unmanned aerial vehicle according to claim 2, it is characterized in that the structure of the liquid nitrogen water bath vaporizer is consistent with that of the liquid oxygen water bath vaporizer, and has a shell in which a float and a float are arranged. The heat exchange copper tube spirally wound around the outside of the float, the bottom inlet of the heat exchange copper tube is connected to the liquid nitrogen regulating valve/liquid oxygen regulating valve to feed liquid nitrogen/liquid oxygen, and the top outlet is connected to the nitrogen-oxygen mixer to discharge low temperature Gas; the water supply port on the shell is connected to the water bath water supply pump; the floating water pipe installed on the float protrudes upward from the top cover of the water bath vaporizer to connect with the water bath variable frequency return water pump, the float is connected to the top cover of the water bath vaporizer by a guide rod, and the magnetostrictive fluid The level gauge is fixed on the top cover of the water bath vaporizer, the magnetic ring of the magnetostrictive liquid level gauge is fixed on the float, the signal of the magnetostrictive liquid level gauge is connected to the water bath vaporization controller, and the water bath vaporization controller is connected to the water bath variable frequency return water pump. Control the pumping volume of the water bath variable frequency backwater pump to form a liquid level PID control.
  4. 根据权利要求3所述无人机氢燃料电池系统的低温低气压性能试验装置，其特征在于，所述氢燃料电堆的出口通过管路连接至排气稳压罐的入口，所述排气稳压罐上安装有出口压 力传感器，所述排气稳压罐的排气口由三通管路连接大流量水环真空泵和排气调节阀。According to the low-temperature and low-pressure performance test device of the unmanned aerial vehicle hydrogen fuel cell system according to claim 3, it is characterized in that the outlet of the hydrogen fuel cell stack is connected to the inlet of the exhaust surge tank through a pipeline, and the exhaust An outlet pressure sensor is installed on the surge tank, and the exhaust port of the exhaust surge tank is connected with a large flow water ring vacuum pump and an exhaust regulating valve by a three-way pipeline.
  5. 根据权利要求4所述无人机氢燃料电池系统的低温低气压性能试验装置，其特征在于，所述氢燃料电堆的氢供气口管路通过高压氢气常闭电磁阀连接到高压氢气瓶，所述低气压箱上的高压氮气口经管路并通过高压氮气常开电磁阀连接至高压氮气瓶。According to the low-temperature and low-pressure performance test device of the hydrogen fuel cell system of an unmanned aerial vehicle according to claim 4, it is characterized in that the hydrogen gas supply port pipeline of the hydrogen fuel stack is connected to the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder through a high-pressure hydrogen normally closed solenoid valve , the high-pressure nitrogen port on the low-pressure box is connected to the high-pressure nitrogen cylinder through the pipeline and through the high-pressure nitrogen normally open solenoid valve.
  6. 根据权利要求5所述无人机氢燃料电池系统的低温低气压性能试验装置，其特征在于，所述低气压箱上近排气侧的箱壁上近顶部预留泄压孔，该泄压孔安装有快排安全阀。According to the low-temperature and low-pressure performance test device of the unmanned aerial vehicle hydrogen fuel cell system according to claim 5, it is characterized in that a pressure relief hole is reserved near the top of the box wall near the exhaust side on the low-pressure box, and the pressure relief The hole is equipped with a quick discharge safety valve.
  7. 根据权利要求6所述无人机氢燃料电池系统的低温低气压性能试验装置，其特征在于，所述快排安全阀包括安装在支架上的阀体，阀体内部安装有阀杆和阀芯弹簧，阀芯弹簧套在阀杆上为阀杆提供复位力，阀杆伸出阀体的前端有密封板，该密封板的前端具有橡胶密封条，安装在低气压箱上后贴紧低气压箱箱壁形成对所述泄压孔的密封，阀体的后端设置有快开阀气口以通过电磁阀接入压缩空气将阀杆压紧，使密封板压紧在低气压箱箱壁上。The low-temperature and low-pressure performance test device for the hydrogen fuel cell system of the drone according to claim 6, wherein the quick-discharging safety valve includes a valve body mounted on a bracket, and a valve stem and a valve core are installed inside the valve body Spring, the spring of the valve core is set on the valve stem to provide a reset force for the valve stem. There is a sealing plate at the front end of the valve stem protruding from the valve body. The box wall forms a seal for the pressure relief hole, and the rear end of the valve body is provided with a quick-open valve air port to connect the compressed air through the solenoid valve to press the valve stem tightly, so that the sealing plate is pressed against the low-pressure box wall .
  8. 根据权利要求7所述无人机氢燃料电池系统的低温低气压性能试验装置，其特征在于，在低气压箱中靠近氢气管路和氢燃料电堆的位置安装有氢浓度传感器，所述氢浓度传感器连接至安全控制器，安全控制器连接继电器，所述继电器控制高压氮气常开电磁阀、氢气常闭电磁阀、控制所述低温气流进入所述压气机的入口常闭电磁阀以及快开安全阀的气源电磁阀。According to the low-temperature and low-pressure performance test device of the hydrogen fuel cell system of an unmanned aerial vehicle according to claim 7, it is characterized in that a hydrogen concentration sensor is installed in the low-pressure box near the hydrogen pipeline and the hydrogen fuel stack, and the hydrogen The concentration sensor is connected to a safety controller, and the safety controller is connected to a relay, and the relay controls a normally open solenoid valve for high-pressure nitrogen gas, a normally closed solenoid valve for hydrogen gas, a normally closed solenoid valve for controlling the entry of the low-temperature gas flow into the compressor, and a quick-open solenoid valve. The air source solenoid valve of the safety valve.
  9. 一种无人机氢燃料电池系统的低温低气压性能试验方法，其特征在于，采用权利要求8所述无人机氢燃料电池系统的低温低气压性能试验装置对无人机氢燃料电池系统进行试验，采用以下步骤：A low-temperature and low-pressure performance test method for an unmanned aerial vehicle hydrogen fuel cell system, characterized in that, the low-temperature and low-pressure performance test device of the unmanned aerial vehicle hydrogen fuel cell system according to claim 8 is used to test the unmanned aerial vehicle hydrogen fuel cell system To test, use the following steps:
    将无人机氢燃料电池系统安装在低气压箱中，将压气机进气口连接至进气管路，氢燃料电堆出气口连接至排气管路，将高压氢气连接至氢燃料电堆，并在低气压箱中靠近氢气管路和氢燃料电堆的位置安装氢浓度传感器；Install the hydrogen fuel cell system of the UAV in the low-pressure box, connect the air inlet of the compressor to the air intake pipeline, connect the outlet of the hydrogen fuel stack to the exhaust pipeline, and connect the high-pressure hydrogen to the hydrogen fuel stack, And install a hydrogen concentration sensor near the hydrogen pipeline and hydrogen fuel stack in the low pressure tank;
    使用安全控制器控制气源电磁阀开启，将快排安全阀充入高压气体，推动快排阀阀杆动作，将快开密封板推紧，完成密封；使用安全控制器控制高压氮气常开电磁阀关闭；Use a safety controller to control the opening of the air source solenoid valve, fill the quick-discharge safety valve with high-pressure gas, push the quick-discharge valve stem, and push the quick-open sealing plate tightly to complete the seal; use a safety controller to control the high-pressure nitrogen gas to normally open the solenoid valve closed;
    控制低气压箱进行降压及降温，将环境压力和温度控制到试验压力和温度；Control the low-pressure box to reduce the pressure and temperature, and control the ambient pressure and temperature to the test pressure and temperature;
    由综合控制器下达指令至液氮/氧气化控制器，设置气量，由液氮/氧气化控制器中的PID控制器、液氧质量流量计、液氮质量流量计和液氧调节阀、液氮调节阀组成液氮、液氧输出循环系统，输出定量的液氮和液氧进入液氧水浴汽化器、液氮水浴汽化器；The integrated controller sends instructions to the liquid nitrogen/oxygenation controller to set the gas volume, and the PID controller, liquid oxygen mass flowmeter, liquid nitrogen mass flowmeter, liquid oxygen regulating valve, liquid oxygenation controller in the liquid nitrogen/oxygenation controller The nitrogen regulating valve forms a liquid nitrogen and liquid oxygen output circulation system, and outputs quantitative liquid nitrogen and liquid oxygen into the liquid oxygen water bath vaporizer and liquid nitrogen water bath vaporizer;
    打开水浴供水泵为液氧/液氮水浴汽化器供水，打开水浴变频回水泵，通过水浴汽化控制器设定指定水位，水浴汽化控制器根据磁致伸缩液位计的信号闭环控制变频回水泵的回水量，稳定控制水浴水位；Turn on the water supply pump of the water bath to supply water to the liquid oxygen/liquid nitrogen water bath vaporizer, turn on the frequency conversion return water pump of the water bath, set the specified water level through the water bath vaporization controller, and the water bath vaporization controller controls the return of the frequency conversion return water pump in closed loop according to the signal of the magnetostrictive liquid level gauge Water volume, stable control of the water level of the water bath;
    液氮/液氧经过汽化后进入氮-氧混合器，氮-氧混合器中具有氮-氧混合器温度传感器，根据氮-氧混合器温度传感器的示值调整液氧/液氮水浴汽化器的水位，调试氮-氧混合器内气体温度低于试验温度10℃左右，此时由于系统没有运行，入口常闭电磁阀处于关闭状态，低温氮氧混合气通过氮-氧混合器安全阀排入大气；The liquid nitrogen/liquid oxygen enters the nitrogen-oxygen mixer after being vaporized. The nitrogen-oxygen mixer has a nitrogen-oxygen mixer temperature sensor. Adjust the temperature of the liquid oxygen/liquid nitrogen water bath vaporizer according to the indication value of the nitrogen-oxygen mixer temperature sensor. Water level, adjust the gas temperature in the nitrogen-oxygen mixer to be about 10°C lower than the test temperature. At this time, because the system is not running, the inlet normally closed solenoid valve is closed, and the low-temperature nitrogen-oxygen mixture is discharged through the safety valve of the nitrogen-oxygen mixer. atmosphere;
    开启入口常闭电磁阀，将进气调压阀阀门开度调节至最大，将排气调节阀开度调节至最大，打开氢燃料电池系统的压气机，形成完整气路；Open the inlet normally closed solenoid valve, adjust the opening of the intake pressure regulating valve to the maximum, adjust the opening of the exhaust regulating valve to the maximum, and turn on the compressor of the hydrogen fuel cell system to form a complete gas circuit;
    由综合控制器下达指令至气体温度控制器，气体温度控制器根据入口温度传感器对空气加热器进行闭环调节，将氮氧混合气温度升温至试验温度；The integrated controller sends instructions to the gas temperature controller, and the gas temperature controller performs closed-loop adjustment to the air heater according to the inlet temperature sensor, and raises the temperature of the nitrogen-oxygen mixture to the test temperature;
    气流温度稳定后，由综合控制器下达指令至气体压力控制器，气体压力控制器根据入口总压传感器的测量值，闭环调节进气调压阀的开度，控制进气稳压罐的压力达到试验压力；入口压力调节的同时，由综合控制器下达指令至气体压力控制器，气体压力控制器根据出口压力传感器的测量值，闭环调节排气调节阀的开度，控制排气稳压罐的压力达到试验压力；After the airflow temperature is stabilized, the integrated controller will issue instructions to the gas pressure controller, and the gas pressure controller will close-loop adjust the opening of the inlet pressure regulating valve according to the measurement value of the inlet total pressure sensor, and control the pressure of the inlet regulator tank to reach Test pressure; at the same time as the inlet pressure is adjusted, the integrated controller sends instructions to the gas pressure controller, and the gas pressure controller adjusts the opening of the exhaust regulating valve in a closed loop according to the measured value of the outlet pressure sensor, and controls the opening of the exhaust regulator tank. The pressure reaches the test pressure;
    试验装置的环境压力、环境温度、入口压力、入口温度、出口压力都稳定后，由安全控制器输出指令打开高压氢气常闭电磁阀为氢燃料电堆提供氢气；所有状态稳定后，开始进行氢燃料电池电性能测试；After the ambient pressure, ambient temperature, inlet pressure, inlet temperature, and outlet pressure of the test device are stable, the safety controller outputs instructions to open the high-pressure hydrogen normally closed solenoid valve to provide hydrogen for the hydrogen fuel stack; Fuel cell electrical performance test;
    氢浓度传感器实时监测氢气浓度，一旦氢浓度超过阈值，安全控制器通过继电器完成动力电源切断、入口常闭电磁阀关闭、高压氢气常闭电磁阀关闭、快开阀气口排气、高压氮气常开电磁阀打开；The hydrogen concentration sensor monitors the hydrogen concentration in real time. Once the hydrogen concentration exceeds the threshold, the safety controller will cut off the power supply through the relay, close the inlet normally closed solenoid valve, close the high pressure hydrogen normally closed solenoid valve, exhaust the quick opening valve gas port, and normally open the high pressure nitrogen gas. Solenoid valve opens;
    高压氮气常开电磁阀打开后，迅速向低气压箱充入氮气，低气压箱内气压迅速恢复至常压；快开阀气口完成排气，快排安全阀的阀杆受到阀芯弹簧的作用开始动作，使快排安全阀的阀杆与快排安全阀的密封板分离，低气压箱压力恢复后，快排安全阀的密封板迅速掉落，使低气压箱与大气联通，低气压箱内氢气迅速从开口处排除，达到安全防护的效果。After the high-pressure nitrogen normally open solenoid valve is opened, nitrogen is quickly filled into the low-pressure tank, and the air pressure in the low-pressure tank quickly returns to normal pressure; the gas port of the quick-open valve is exhausted, and the valve stem of the quick-release safety valve is acted by the valve core spring Start the action to separate the stem of the quick-discharging safety valve from the sealing plate of the quick-discharging safety valve. After the pressure of the low-pressure box recovers, the sealing plate of the quick-discharging safety valve drops quickly, so that the low-pressure box is connected to the atmosphere, and the low-pressure box The internal hydrogen is quickly discharged from the opening to achieve the effect of safety protection.
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