CN114142067A - Testing system and method for temperature control optimization of fuel cell ejector pump air supply system - Google Patents
Testing system and method for temperature control optimization of fuel cell ejector pump air supply system Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04425—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow at auxiliary devices, e.g. reformers, compressors, burners
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
- H01M8/04373—Temperature; Ambient temperature of auxiliary devices, e.g. reformers, compressors, burners
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04388—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow of anode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04664—Failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04686—Failure or abnormal function of auxiliary devices, e.g. batteries, capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of fuel cells, and discloses a test system and a test method for temperature control optimization of a fuel cell ejector pump gas supply system, which are used for performance test of a fuel cell fuel hydrogen ejector pump, particularly for measuring temperature influence. The invention can save research and development time and cost, and is beneficial to improving the controllability of the fuel cell engine.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fuel cells, relates to a test method of a fuel cell hydrogen backflow component ejector pump, and more particularly relates to an optimization system and method which are used for obtaining deepened gas backflow in a fuel cell and mainly used for temperature management through establishing a test of temperature condition control in the operation of a hydrogen ejector pump.
Background
A hydrogen proton exchange membrane fuel cell (FEMFC) uses hydrogen and oxygen to react to generate electric energy, and the hydrogen generally needs to be refluxed to increase inlet hydrogen humidity, increase flow rate of an anode flow field, bring out liquid moisture and dilute enriched non-hydrogen components.
The reflux device which does not consume external power adopts more ejector pumps, or ejector pumps or jet pumps. In order to meet the requirement of the electric power output of the galvanic pile, the ejector pump needs to maintain a certain hydrogen backflow flow rate or proportion under the operating conditions including the temperature and pressure of new hydrogen, the temperature, humidity, pressure and liquid water of hydrogen at the outlet of the galvanic pile, the ambient temperature of equipment and the like. Some adverse conditions may occur in specific operation, such as insufficient backflow amount, non-optimized temperature of hydrogen entering the reactor, icing and blockage in the line, liquid water entering the reactor, and the like.
The hydrogen of specific flow range from two air supply inlet air source sources of the ejector pump, the ejector pump body, through the outlet until entering the galvanic pile hydrogen main pipe, according to different designs of galvanic pile systems, has independent pipelines, valve bodies, containers and the like along the way, and possibly has end plates, and the conduction or exchange of temperature and water vapor occurs between the walls of the reactor and the hydrogen. These problems affecting backflow have not been well studied and solved, nor have there been a lack of techniques and methods for solving them.
At present, for an ejector pump, a detection technology is mainly used for element testing, galvanic pile or simulation galvanic pile operation, pressure reduction, temperature and humidity detection, flow control and flow detection are completed, hydrogen is heated and humidified, anode nitrogen enrichment and cathode nitrogen permeation of the simulation galvanic pile are analyzed to influence on anode diffusion, and the technology rarely involves active temperature management and evaluation of air supply.
E.g., CN113067018A, was tested for hydrogen recycle. CN110374856B, test hydrogen ejector pump, simulation hydrogen consumption and nitrogen gas infiltration influence, the injection performance of test is the flow. CN111063916B, an ejector pump sucks the temperature-controlled anode backflow separation water into new hydrogen, and the new hydrogen is sent to the galvanic pile. CN112228331A, with the purpose of testing the return pump of galvanic pile operating mode and parameter demand, slightly different with the ejector pump principle. The above technologies do not include factors such as the ambient temperature of the raw material hydrogen and the reflux process, heat exchange and the like, and do not consider the conditions of freezing blockage and liquid formation in the pile.
CN112510228B, the technology is used for the galvanic pile control, mainly aims at low-temperature start, provides electric heating and cathode waste heat heating measures for an anode loop, and does not relate to the performance test and relevant parameters of the ejector pump.
Computational simulation is a main technical aid, but the simulation still hardly involves complex active temperature management, and the research result still needs testing for verification and improvement, and the testing verification is mostly performed on a real system lacking active temperature management.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects, the invention is used for the performance test of the fuel cell fuel hydrogen ejector pump, obtains wider icing and water condensing conditions by actively managing and quantitatively analyzing the temperature on the structural path of the hydrogen subsystem, provides temperature and heat exchange parameters for hydrogen management in engine integration, and provides a basis for the design of hardware matching of a reflux system. The invention is also beneficial to obtaining the amplified design parameters of large-scale application according to small-scale test, so that the overall research and development time and cost can be saved, and the controllability of the fuel cell engine can be improved.
The above purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the system is sequentially connected with a new gas source unit, a gas source selection unit, a flow control unit, a reflux unit, a simulation electric pile unit and a discharge unit through pipelines, wherein two loop branches are arranged behind the simulation electric pile unit, the first loop branch returns to the reflux unit, and the branch is the simulation reflux unit; the second branch returns to the air source selection unit, and the branch is a boosting multiplexing unit;
wherein, the hydrogen source of the new gas source unit is connected with a pressure reducing valve, and a pipeline behind the pressure reducing valve is connected with a pressure reducing output pressure gauge;
the gas source selection unit is formed by connecting one path of a new hydrogen switch valve and a new hydrogen one-way valve, one path of a multiplexing hydrogen switch valve and a multiplexing hydrogen one-way valve, and two paths of the two paths in parallel;
the flow control unit is sequentially provided with a dry hydrogen flowmeter, a dry hydrogen flow control valve, a dry hydrogen temperature heat exchanger and a dry hydrogen temperature pressure gauge;
the heat conduction device heat exchanger is connected with the hydrogen mixing heat exchanger, the heat conduction device is provided with a heat conduction device thermometer, a heat exchange front thermometer and a heat exchange rear thermometer are respectively arranged in front of and behind the hydrogen mixing heat exchanger, and the hydrogen mixing heat exchanger is provided with an observation window;
the simulation electric pile unit comprises a main body, a gas collecting tank pressure gauge and a temperature control device, wherein the main body is the gas collecting tank;
the tail gas discharge unit is connected from the gas collecting tank, and is connected in parallel by a backpressure valve of a backpressure branch and a tail discharge switch valve of a direct discharge branch and then is combined to a tail discharge flowmeter to measure the flow;
the first branch is used for simulating backflow, is connected out of the gas collecting tank and consists of a backflow pump, a backflow flow meter, a backflow humidifier, a backflow temperature and humidity pressure meter and pipelines therebetween which are sequentially connected;
the second branch is used for boosting and multiplexing and is sequentially connected with a multiplexing hydrogen control valve, a multiplexing hydrogen buffer tank, a multiplexing hydrogen booster pump, a multiplexing hydrogen heat exchanger, a multiplexing hydrogen boosting storage tank and a multiplexing hydrogen temperature controller, and the branch also comprises a connecting pipeline. Wherein the multiplex hydrogen buffer tank has a multiplex hydrogen pressure gauge and the multiplex hydrogen pressurizing storage tank has a multiplex hydrogen temperature pressure gauge.
Furthermore, the temperature control device of the gas collecting tank preferably adopts a water bath mode.
Further, the volume of the gas collecting tank is set to be 50-200% of the total anode space of the target electric pile.
Furthermore, the difference between the detection pressures of the gas collecting tank pressure gauge and the reflux temperature and humidity pressure gauge is a specific limited set value, the deviation is controlled to be within the range of the set value, and the deviation is +/-0.5 kPa.
Further, the controlled water content of the reflux humidifier may be unsaturated, saturated or supersaturated, preferably a spray humidifier.
The test method for temperature control optimization of the fuel cell ejector pump air supply system operates according to the following method:
step S001, starting an instruction, and performing step S002;
step S002, setting equipment conditions and operation parameters, including setting pressure of a pressure reducing valve, flow controlled by a dry hydrogen flow control valve, dry hydrogen temperature controlled by a dry hydrogen temperature heat exchanger, ejector pump temperature controlled by a heat conductor heat exchanger, temperature controlled by a hydrogen mixing heat exchanger, temperature and pressure controlled by a gas collecting tank, opening conditions of a tail switch valve, set pressure of a back pressure valve, temperature of a simulation backflow unit, humidity set by a backflow humidifier, pressure range of a multiplexing hydrogen pressurizing storage tank, temperature set by a multiplexing hydrogen temperature controller, specific difference value that the pressure of a multiplexing hydrogen pressure gauge is lower than that of the gas collecting tank, hydrogen flow of an application target galvanic pile system, hydrogen tail pulse period and opening time length of the application target galvanic pile system; setting the difference value of the detection pressure of the gas collecting tank pressure gauge and the detection pressure of the reflux temperature and humidity pressure gauge as a fixed value, finally selecting one or more tests, sequentially testing, and performing the step S003;
step S003, judging, if the system is started for the first time, performing step S004; if the system is not started for the first time, namely, hydrogen is filled, the step S014 is carried out;
step S004, at room temperature, purging the whole system by using inert gas, adjusting the pressure of a pressure reducing valve to a set operation pressure value by combining closed vacuum pumping or independent vacuum pumping, filling the system space with fresh hydrogen to normal pressure, and then performing step S005;
step S005, judging that if the hydrogen multiplexing system is not used, directly going to step S007; if the hydrogen reuse system is used, step S006 is performed;
step S006, directly inflating the multiplexing hydrogen pressurization storage tank through an initial inflation valve, wherein the inflation pressure is the set pressure of the pressure reducing valve, and then closing the initial inflation valve to perform step S007;
step S007, filling hydrogen into the system space, starting a reflux cycle according to the data set in the step S002, and starting a multiplexing cycle if the multiplexing hydrogen is used, and then performing the step S008;
step S008, adjusting the temperature, pressure and humidity of the components in the step S002 to the specified values in the step S002, wherein the temperature adjustment comprises heating and cooling, the multiplexing hydrogen pressurization storage tank is directly inflated by an initial inflation valve when the hydrogen pressure is insufficient, and the tail switch valve is used for normal pressure exhaust when the pressure is exceeded, so that the step S009 is carried out;
step S009, adjusting the temperature and the humidity of the backflow gas by the backflow humidifier according to a system set value and a detection value of the backflow temperature and humidity pressure gauge; the heat conductor adjusts the temperature of the injection pump; when the temperature measured by the thermometer before hydrogen mixing heat exchange deviates from the set value of the system, the hydrogen mixing heat exchanger exchanges heat with the hydrogen between the injection pump and the gas collecting tank;
step S010, judging whether the operation is invalid, if the flow of the dry hydrogen flow meter is reduced in a non-system setting mode during the operation, and meanwhile, the dry hydrogen temperature pressure meter detects the pressure rise and the reflux temperature and humidity pressure meter detects the pressure rise, observing whether water drops appear through an observation window of the hydrogen mixing heat exchanger, if the water drops appear, the operation condition is a condition of separating out the water drops, and the water drops appear to be invalid; if the failure occurs, performing step S011; if not, go to step S012;
step S011, heating and exchanging the heat-conducting heat exchanger and the hydrogen-mixing heat exchanger to eliminate accumulated water and ice, and performing step S012;
step S012, determining whether one or more predetermined tests are all completed, and if so, executing step S013; if the judgment is not finished, returning to the step S003;
step S013, running a shutdown program;
step S014, if the pressure difference value between the pressure of the multiplexing hydrogen pressure gauge and the pressure of the gas collecting tank exceeds the specification in S002, and the pressure difference exceeds the specification value, namely overpressure, the rotating speed is reduced; if the pressure difference is lower than a specified value, namely the pressure is deficient, the rotating speed is increased;
reducing the rotation speed of the multiplexing hydrogen booster pump and even stopping the multiplexing hydrogen booster pump, simultaneously supplementing new hydrogen by a new hydrogen switch valve system until the pressure of the multiplexing hydrogen pressure gauge is the same as that of the gas collecting tank, closing the new hydrogen switch valve, recovering the rotation speed of the multiplexing hydrogen booster pump, restarting the multiplexing hydrogen booster pump if the multiplexing hydrogen booster pump is in a stopped state, and performing step S008;
and step S015, supplementing new hydrogen, directly inflating the multiplexing hydrogen pressurization storage tank through an initial inflation valve, wherein inflation pressure is set pressure of the pressure reducing valve, and after the set pressure is reached, closing the initial inflation valve to perform step S008.
Further, the difference value of the detection pressure of the gas collecting tank pressure gauge and the detection pressure of the reflux temperature and humidity pressure gauge in the step S002 is +/-0.5 kPa.
Further, the inert gas in step S004 is nitrogen.
Further, step S014 specifically includes: if the difference value between the pressure of the multiplexing hydrogen pressure gauge and the pressure of the gas collecting tank exceeds +/-0.5 kPa specified in S002, if the pressure difference exceeds +/-0.5 kPa, namely overpressure, the rotating speed is reduced, and if the pressure difference is lower than-0.5 kPa, namely deficit pressure, the rotating speed is increased.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) by the test, a wider range of operation conditions and a relationship of results can be obtained from the operation of the hydrogen jet pump under the condition that the real galvanic pile does not participate in the test, and more plan design bases are provided for preventing the running failure of the galvanic pile through the obtained data, so that the galvanic pile is prevented from being damaged;
2) under the expansion condition, if other conditions of the operation of the galvanic pile are met, the galvanic pile can be normally used within the range exceeding the original operation range of the galvanic pile, so that the operation adaptability of the galvanic pile is improved;
3) the temperature condition test obtains the technology of application condition optimization in the fuel cell, obtains the temperature and heat exchange parameters for hydrogen management in engine integration, and provides a basis for system matching design;
4) even if a large-flow test is carried out, hydrogen can be saved, and the safety management problem caused by the emission of a large amount of hydrogen is reduced while the cost is saved;
5) the invention can save research and development time and cost, and is beneficial to improving the controllability of the fuel cell engine.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a testing system framework for hydrogen reuse;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow diagram of a hydrogen multiplexing test system;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a test system framework without hydrogen reuse;
fig. 4 is a logic diagram of the operation of the system.
In the figure: 1. a hydrogen source, 2, a pressure reducing valve, 3, a pressure reducing output pressure gauge, 4, a fresh hydrogen switch valve, 5, a fresh hydrogen one-way valve, 6, a dry hydrogen flow meter, 7, a dry hydrogen flow control valve, 8, a dry hydrogen temperature heat exchanger, 9, a dry hydrogen temperature pressure gauge, 10, an injection pump, 11, a heat conductor, 12, a heat conductor thermometer, 13, a heat conductor heat exchanger, 14, a hydrogen mixing heat exchanger, 15, a temperature gauge before hydrogen mixing heat exchange, 16, a temperature gauge after hydrogen mixing heat exchange, 17, a gas collecting tank, 18, a gas collecting tank pressure gauge, 19, a back pressure valve, 20, a tail discharge switch valve, 21, a tail discharge flow meter, 22, a reflux pump, 23, a reflux flow meter, 24, a reflux humidifier, 25, a reflux temperature and humidity pressure gauge, 26, a hydrogen multiplexing control valve, 27, a hydrogen multiplexing pressure gauge, 28, a multiplexing hydrogen buffer tank, 29, a multiplexing hydrogen boosting pump, 30, a multiplexing hydrogen heat exchanger, 31, a multiplexing hydrogen boosting tank, 32. the hydrogen multiplexing temperature gauge 33, the hydrogen multiplexing temperature controller 34, the hydrogen multiplexing switch valve 35, the one-way multiplexing valve 36 and the initial inflation valve.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in more detail below with reference to specific examples, without limiting the scope of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods adopted by the invention are all conventional methods, and experimental equipment, materials, reagents and the like used in the experimental method can be obtained from commercial sources.
Different from research on low-temperature starting, the invention aims to obtain the main parameters of anode hydrogen at key positions of a front ejector pump, an ejector pump, a backflow port, an outlet and the like and a connection path, wherein the main parameters comprise temperature, pressure, humidity, flow and heat exchange characteristics, the pressure difference value reflects resistance, and the configured temperature and heat conduction influence reflects the heat exchange characteristics of components along the path of airflow. According to the obtained data, if further analysis is carried out, the matching relation of quantities can be extracted, such as the new gas-to-reflux ratio, the required heat quantity, the non-icing condition, the pulse influence and the like under each requirement condition of the electric pile, the heat capacity and heat dissipation of a test part and a related part, the requirement of heat exchange of active introduction by heat exchange, power, the change time related to the power and the flow quantity and the like.
The invention also aims to provide application condition simulation of the ejector pump in application, which can be used for establishing basic conditions of start-stop test and searching necessary matching conditions for a hydrogen subsystem meeting certain start-stop conditions, thereby providing auxiliary matching conditions suitable for the operation of the key components for the selected specific ejector pump so as to achieve good operation of the whole system, namely system optimization, and avoiding the failure of the ejector pump caused by neglected temperature conditions.
For the design of the electric pile system using the ejector pump with the same flow and different specifications, the performances of heating and cooling at various temperature points in the heat exchange method are common no matter how the heat exchange method is used, so that the temperature characteristic can be detected, and the heat requirement problem of the environmental condition and the power working condition can be determined according to the temperature characteristic.
For convenience of description, the fresh hydrogen switch valve 4, the multiplexed hydrogen control valve 26, the multiplexed hydrogen switch valve 34, the initial charging valve 36, and the tail switch valve 20 are normally closed valves.
Example 1
See fig. 1, 2.
The system consists of a fresh gas source, a gas source selection unit, a flow control unit, a reflux unit, a simulation galvanic pile, a simulation reflux unit, a pressure boosting multiplexing unit and a discharge unit. The gas part sent into the simulation electric pile is dried, pressurized and temperature-controlled, and then flows back to the high-pressure hydrogen pipeline with primary decompression again, and the multiplexing description is used to distinguish from the backflow hydrogen.
The system is sequentially connected with a fresh air source unit, an air source selection unit, a flow control unit, a reflux unit, a simulation electric pile unit and a discharge unit through pipelines, wherein two loop branches are arranged behind the simulation electric pile unit, the first loop is returned to the reflux unit, and the branch is the simulation reflux unit; the second path is returned to the gas source selection unit, and the branch is a boosting multiplexing unit and has the functions of gas drying, boosting, storage and temperature control.
The new gas source unit obtains hydrogen from the hydrogen source 1, is connected with the pressure reducing valve 2, and is connected with a pressure reducing output pressure gauge 3 on a pipeline behind the pressure reducing valve 2 to detect the pressure of pressure reducing output.
And the gas source selection unit is formed by connecting one path of a new hydrogen switch valve 4 and a new hydrogen one-way valve 5 and one path of a multiplexing hydrogen switch valve 34 and a multiplexing hydrogen one-way valve 35 in parallel, selects new hydrogen or multiplexing hydrogen, and selects hydrogen from two paths of gas to supply to the flow control unit or simultaneously supplies hydrogen when the multiplexing hydrogen flow is insufficient to meet the system requirement. Except that fresh hydrogen is completely used during starting, the reuse hydrogen is mainly used in the intermediate process.
The flow control unit consists of a dry hydrogen flow meter 6, a dry hydrogen flow control valve 7, a dry hydrogen temperature heat exchanger 8 and a dry hydrogen temperature pressure gauge 9. The heat exchange of the dry hydrogen temperature heat exchanger 8 is controlled according to the operation set temperature value of the dry hydrogen temperature pressure gauge 9 test data compared with the dry hydrogen input, including heating and cooling.
The reflux unit consists of an injection pump 10, a heat conductor 11, a heat conductor thermometer 12, a heat conductor heat exchanger 13, a hydrogen mixing heat exchanger 14, a thermometer 15 before heat exchange, a thermometer 16 after heat exchange and pipelines between the two thermometers. The invention refers to hydrogen mixed by dry hydrogen and backflow hydrogen, which is called mixed hydrogen and comprises other gases besides hydrogen and liquid, such as water.
The main body of the simulation electric pile unit is a gas collecting tank 17, and a gas collecting tank pressure gauge 18 is connected above the gas collecting tank 17. The gas collection tank 17 has a temperature control device that controls the temperature of the gas collection tank 17 to a set temperature of the stack, preferably in a water bath. The volume of the gas collecting tank 17 is set to be 50-200% of the total anode space of the target electric pile.
The exhaust unit, the tail gas exhaust unit connected from the gas collecting tank 17, is connected in parallel by a backpressure valve 19 of the backpressure branch and a tail gas switch valve 20 of the direct exhaust branch, and then is combined to a tail gas flowmeter 21 to measure the flow. The control mode is determined by the set operation mode of the electric pile. In the steady state test, the back pressure valve 19 and the tail switch valve 20 are selected not to be opened, and when the galvanic pile of the application target uses dead-end operation, namely a pulse hydrogen discharge mode, the tail switch valve 20 is selected to be opened according to the preset period regulation.
The first branch is an analog reflux, is connected from the gas collecting tank 17 and consists of a reflux pump 22, a reflux flow meter 23, a reflux humidifier 24, a reflux temperature and humidity pressure meter 25 and pipelines therebetween which are sequentially connected. The reflux pump 22 and the reflux flowmeter 23 are provided with temperature control and temperature compensation devices, the temperature is kept to be the same as a pile discharging set value, the deviation does not exceed a set value, such as +/-1 ℃, and a water bath mode is preferably adopted. The backflow flow is detected by using a backflow flow meter 23, the backflow pump 22 is used for keeping the pressure difference detected by the backflow temperature and humidity pressure meter 25 and the gas collecting tank pressure meter 18 to be smaller than a set value, if the pressure difference is set to be +/-0.5 kPa, the pressure difference detection value controls the revolution number of the backflow pump 22, and if the pressure difference exceeds +/-0.5 kPa, namely overpressure is generated, the revolution number is reduced; when the pressure difference is lower than-0.5 kPa, namely the pressure loss, the rotating speed is increased. The system controls the temperature and water content of the fluid by means of a return humidifier 24, which may be unsaturated, saturated or supersaturated, preferably a spray humidifier, and the amount of water is metered quantitatively based on the system set content and the flow rate detected by a specific return flow meter 23. The return temperature and humidity gauge 25 monitors temperature, humidity and pressure, but does not control humidity. The pressure change of the system occurs in the working conditions of pressure change operation, temperature change operation, humidity change and the like of the system or the normal small leakage accumulated change of the system. The hydrogen-mixed heat exchanger 14 is provided with an observation window for observing whether water drops appear in the hydrogen gas flow, and the observation window is not shown in the figure.
The second branch is used for boosting and multiplexing and returns to the gas source selection unit from the outlet of the electric pile, and the branch has the functions of gas buffering and water distribution, drying, boosting and water distribution, storage and temperature control. The multiplex hydrogen control valve 26, the multiplex hydrogen buffer tank 28, the multiplex hydrogen booster pump 29, the multiplex hydrogen heat exchanger 30, the multiplex hydrogen booster storage tank 31 and the multiplex hydrogen temperature controller 33 are connected in sequence, and the branch also comprises a connecting pipeline therein. Wherein the multiplexed hydrogen buffer tank 28 has a multiplexed hydrogen pressure gauge 27, and the multiplexed hydrogen pressure boost tank 31 has a multiplexed hydrogen temperature pressure gauge 32. Among them, the multiplexed hydrogen buffer tank 28 and the multiplexed hydrogen control valve 26 discharge the gas in the gas collection tank 17 of the pseudo stack to the multiplexed hydrogen buffer tank 27. The drying is controlled by the multiplex hydrogen pressurization storage tank 31, so that the dew point of the gas output to the gas source selection unit is lower than the lowest control temperature of the dry hydrogen temperature heat exchanger 8, and the condensation and the freezing are avoided. The temperature controller 33 for the reuse hydrogen controls the temperature of the reuse hydrogen primarily to control the temperature of the hydrogen entering the cycle, and further temperature control is accomplished by the dry hydrogen temperature controller 8. The initial charging valve 36 is used for charging hydrogen between the multiplexing hydrogen switch valve 34 of the boosting multiplexing unit and the multiplexing hydrogen booster pump 29 after vacuumizing is completed when the system is started.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 3, a test run using a simulated stack with only fresh hydrogen and no hydrogen reuse was performed.
Different from the embodiment 1, the embodiment only uses the new hydrogen, the first loop branch is operated, the second loop branch is closed, the new hydrogen is provided according to consumption measurement, the reflux quantity is generated by the ejector pump 10, the tail gas discharge flowmeter 21 is used for flow detection, and the flow control backpressure valve 19 is used for controlling the opening degree. And controlling the tail switch valve 20 to perform simulated pulse discharge according to the hydrogen tail discharge pulse period and the opening time length of the application target pile system.
The advantage is reduced system complexity, the disadvantage is increased hydrogen consumption and the need for increased hydrogen emission treatment systems. Relatively more suitable for low flow systems, such as hydrogen return system testing preferred for fuel cell usage on the order of about 1kw or less.
The design condition is convenient for the investigation of environmental condition simulation test. For example, the method is used for detecting the boundary conditions of the problems of water accumulation, icing and the like which can occur in a hydrogen system under the conditions of low temperature and low pressure, and analyzing the compensation conditions and the device cost.
This level of mini-testing has positive implications in that relevant attribute features can be obtained at a lower cost level in a mini-test site, even under desktop specification conditions. Especially under the condition of less planned experiments, basic performance can be quickly obtained at low cost for the overall design of a certain backflow structure, the design deviation is reduced for the application level, especially the large-scale design such as the level of more than 100kw, and the operation debugging and model improvement of application products are facilitated.
Example 3
Referring to fig. 3, a simulated stack was used, with only fresh hydrogen, without hydrogen reuse for running tests.
Unlike example 2, the apparatus of this example has no second loop branch, and the rest is the same.
According to the test system for temperature control optimization of the fuel cell ejector pump air supply system, an operation method is provided, and the operation method is realized by carrying out the following steps:
referring to fig. 4, the system for temperature control optimization of the fuel cell ejector pump air supply system operates according to the following method:
step S001, starting an instruction, and performing step S002;
step S002, setting equipment conditions and operation parameters, including setting pressure of the pressure reducing valve 2, flow controlled by the dry hydrogen flow control valve 7, dry hydrogen temperature controlled by the dry hydrogen temperature heat exchanger 8, temperature of the ejector pump 10 controlled by the heat conductor heat exchanger 13, temperature controlled by the hydrogen mixing heat exchanger 14, temperature and pressure controlled by the gas collecting tank 17, opening conditions of the tail discharge switch valve 20, set pressure of the back pressure valve 19, temperature of the analog reflux unit, humidity set by the reflux humidifier 24, pressure range of the multiplexed hydrogen pressurizing storage tank 31, temperature set by the multiplexed hydrogen temperature controller 33, specific difference value that the pressure of the multiplexed hydrogen pressure gauge 27 is lower than that of the gas collecting tank 17, hydrogen flow of the application target pile system, and hydrogen tail discharge pulse period and opening time length of the application target pile system. The difference between the pressures detected by the vapor collection tank pressure gauge 18 and the reflux temperature and humidity pressure gauge 25 is set to be less than a set value, and the set value is +/-0.5 kPa. Setting one or more tests, sequentially performing the tests, and performing step S003;
step S003, judging, if the system is started for the first time, performing step S004; if the system is not started for the first time, namely, hydrogen is filled, the step S014 is carried out;
step S004, at room temperature, purging the whole system by using inert gas such as nitrogen, performing closed vacuum pumping or independent vacuum pumping in a conventional technology, not shown, adjusting the pressure of the pressure reducing valve 2 to a set operation pressure value, filling hydrogen into the system space to normal pressure, and then performing step S005;
step S005, judging that if the hydrogen multiplexing system is not used, directly going to step S007; if the hydrogen reuse system is used, step S006 is performed;
step S006, directly inflating the multiplexing hydrogen pressurization storage tank 31 through the initial inflation valve 36, wherein the inflation pressure is the set pressure of the pressure reducing valve 2, then closing the initial inflation valve 36, and performing step S007;
step S007, filling hydrogen into the system space, starting reflux circulation according to the data set in the step S002, and starting multiplexing circulation if multiplexing hydrogen is used, and then performing the step S008;
step S008, adjusting the temperature, pressure and humidity of the components in the step S002 to the specified values in the step S002, wherein the temperature adjustment comprises heating and cooling, the multiplexing hydrogen pressurization storage tank 31 is directly inflated by the initial inflation valve 36 when the hydrogen pressure is insufficient, and the exhaust switch valve 20 is used for normal pressure exhaust when the pressure is over, and the step S009 is carried out;
step S009, adjusting the temperature and the humidity of the backflow gas by the backflow humidifier 24 according to a system set value and a detection value of the backflow temperature and humidity pressure gauge 25; the heat conductor 11 regulates the temperature of the ejector pump 10; when the temperature measured by the thermometer 15 before hydrogen mixing heat exchange deviates from the set value of the system, the hydrogen mixing heat exchanger 14 exchanges heat with the hydrogen between the ejector pump 10 and the gas collecting tank 17;
and S010, judging whether the operation is failed, if so, reducing the flow of the dry hydrogen flowmeter 6 in a non-system setting mode, and simultaneously detecting the pressure rise by the dry hydrogen temperature pressure gauge 9 and the pressure rise by the reflux temperature and humidity pressure gauge 25, wherein the pressure rise is detected by the dry hydrogen temperature pressure gauge 9 and comprises sudden flow reduction, large fluctuation and cutoff of the dry hydrogen flowmeter 6, which indicates that the freezing blockage possibly occurs, and the condition causes the operation failure of the pile system of the application target. Observing whether water drops appear or not through an observation window of the hydrogen-mixed heat exchanger 14, wherein if the water drops appear, the operation condition is a condition of separating out the water drops, and the water drops which appear are invalid; when the failure is judged, if the failure is judged, the step S011 is carried out; if not, go to step S012;
step S011, heating up and exchanging heat of the heat-conducting heat exchanger 13 and the hydrogen-mixing heat exchanger 14 to eliminate accumulated water and ice, and performing step S012;
in step S012, it is determined whether one or more predetermined tests are completed. If the judgment is finished, the step S013 is operated; if the judgment is not finished, returning to the step S003;
step S013, running a shutdown program;
in step S014, if the difference between the pressure of the multiplex hydrogen pressure gauge 27 and the pressure of the gas collection tank 17 exceeds the value specified in S002, i.e., is set to ± 0.5kPa, if the pressure difference exceeds + 0.5kPa, i.e., is overpressure, the rotational speed is decreased, and if the pressure difference is lower than-0.5 kPa, i.e., is deficient, the rotational speed is increased.
The multiplex hydrogen pressurizing pump 29 reduces the rotation speed and even stops, and simultaneously the system of the new hydrogen switch valve 4 replenishes new hydrogen until the pressure of the multiplex hydrogen pressure gauge 27 is the same as that of the gas collecting tank 17, the new hydrogen switch valve 4 is closed, the multiplex hydrogen pressurizing pump 29 is restarted, and the rotation speed is recovered, and the step S008 is performed if the multiplex hydrogen pressurizing pump 29 is in a stopped state.
In step S015, the new hydrogen is replenished, the multiplexed hydrogen pressurized storage tank 31 is directly charged with the gas by the initial charging valve 36, the charging pressure is the set pressure of the pressure reducing valve 2, and after the set pressure is reached, the initial charging valve 36 is closed, and step S008 is performed.
The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the invention, rather than all possible embodiments of the invention. Any obvious modifications to the above would be obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art, but would not bring the invention so modified beyond the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The test system is characterized in that the system is sequentially connected with a new gas source unit, a gas source selection unit, a flow control unit, a reflux unit, a simulation electric pile unit and a discharge unit through pipelines, wherein two circuit branches are arranged behind the simulation electric pile unit, the first circuit branch returns to the reflux unit, and the branch is the simulation reflux unit; the second branch returns to the air source selection unit, and the branch is a boosting multiplexing unit;
wherein, the hydrogen source (1) of the new gas source unit is connected with a pressure reducing valve (2), and a pipeline behind the pressure reducing valve (2) is connected with a pressure reducing output pressure gauge (3);
the gas source selection unit is formed by connecting one path of a new hydrogen switch valve (4) and a new hydrogen one-way valve (5), one path of a multiplexing hydrogen switch valve (34) and one path of a multiplexing hydrogen one-way valve (35) in parallel;
the flow control unit is sequentially provided with a dry hydrogen flow meter (6), a dry hydrogen flow control valve (7), a dry hydrogen temperature heat exchanger (8) and a dry hydrogen temperature pressure gauge (9);
the device comprises a reflux unit, wherein one end of a heat conductor (11) is connected with an injection pump (10), the other end of the heat conductor is connected with a heat conductor heat exchanger (13), the heat conductor heat exchanger (13) is connected with a hydrogen mixing heat exchanger (14), the heat conductor (11) is provided with a heat conductor thermometer (12), the front and the back of the hydrogen mixing heat exchanger (14) are respectively provided with a heat exchange front thermometer (15) and a heat exchange back thermometer (16), and the hydrogen mixing heat exchanger (14) is provided with an observation window;
the simulation electric pile unit comprises a main body, a gas collecting tank (17), a gas collecting tank pressure gauge (18) connected above the gas collecting tank (17), and a temperature control device arranged on the gas collecting tank (17);
the exhaust unit is connected with the gas collecting tank (17), and the backpressure valve (19) of the backpressure branch and the tail discharge switch valve (20) of the direct discharge branch are connected in parallel and then combined to the tail discharge flowmeter (21) to measure the flow.
2. The test system for temperature control optimization of the fuel cell ejector pump air supply system according to claim 1, wherein the first branch is a simulated backflow branch, is connected out of the air collecting tank (17), and consists of a backflow pump (22), a backflow flow meter (23), a backflow humidifier (24), a backflow temperature and humidity pressure meter (25) and pipelines therebetween, which are connected in sequence.
3. The testing system for temperature control optimization of the fuel cell ejector pump gas supply system according to claim 1, wherein the second branch is a pressure boosting multiplex and sequentially connects a multiplex hydrogen control valve (26), a multiplex hydrogen buffer tank (28), a multiplex hydrogen booster pump (29), a multiplex hydrogen heat exchanger (30), a multiplex hydrogen pressurizing storage tank (31), and a multiplex hydrogen temperature controller (33), and the branch further comprises a connecting pipeline therein, wherein the multiplex hydrogen buffer tank (28) is provided with a multiplex hydrogen pressure gauge (27), and the multiplex hydrogen pressurizing storage tank (31) is provided with a multiplex hydrogen temperature pressure gauge (32).
4. The testing system for temperature control optimization of the air supply system of the fuel cell ejector pump according to claim 1, wherein the temperature control device of the air collection tank (17) adopts a water bath mode.
5. The testing system for temperature control optimization of an air supply system of a fuel cell ejector pump according to claim 1, wherein the volume of the air collection tank (17) is set to be 50-200% of the total anode space of a target stack.
6. The test system for temperature control optimization of the air supply system of the fuel cell ejector pump according to claim 1, wherein the pressure difference between the pressure gauge (18) of the air collection tank and the temperature and humidity gauge (25) of the return flow is a specific limited set value, the deviation is controlled within the range of the set value, and the deviation is +/-0.5 kPa.
7. The test system for temperature control optimization of a fuel cell ejector pump air supply system according to claim 1, wherein the controlled moisture content of the return humidifier (24) is unsaturated, saturated or supersaturated, preferably an aerosol humidifier.
8. The test method for temperature control optimization of the fuel cell ejector pump gas supply system is characterized by operating according to the following method:
step S001, starting an instruction, and performing step S002;
step S002, setting equipment conditions and operation parameters, the method comprises the steps of setting the pressure of a pressure reducing valve (2), the flow controlled by a dry hydrogen flow control valve (7), the dry hydrogen temperature controlled by a dry hydrogen temperature heat exchanger (8), the temperature of an ejector pump (10) controlled by a heat conductor heat exchanger (13), the temperature controlled by a hydrogen mixing heat exchanger (14), the temperature and the pressure controlled by a gas collecting tank (17), the opening condition of a tail discharge switch valve (20), the set pressure of a back pressure valve (19), the temperature of a simulation backflow unit, the humidity set by a backflow humidifier (24), the pressure range of a multiplexing hydrogen pressurization storage tank (31), the temperature set by a multiplexing hydrogen temperature controller (33), the specific difference value that the pressure of a multiplexing hydrogen pressure gauge (27) is lower than that of the gas collecting tank (17), the hydrogen flow of an application target stack system, and the hydrogen tail discharge pulse period and the opening time length of the application target stack system; setting the difference value of the detection pressure of the gas collecting tank pressure gauge (18) and the detection pressure of the reflux temperature and humidity pressure gauge (25) as a fixed value, finally selecting one or more tests, sequentially testing, and performing the step S003;
step S003, judging, if the system is started for the first time, performing step S004; if the system is not started for the first time, namely, hydrogen is filled, the step S014 is carried out;
step S004, at room temperature, purging the whole system by using inert gas, adjusting the pressure of the pressure reducing valve (2) to a set operation pressure value in combination with closed vacuum pumping or independent vacuum pumping, filling the system space with fresh hydrogen to normal pressure, and then performing step S005;
step S005, judging that if the hydrogen multiplexing system is not used, directly going to step S007; if the hydrogen reuse system is used, step S006 is performed;
step S006, directly inflating the multiplex hydrogen pressurization storage tank (31) through the initial inflation valve (36), wherein the inflation pressure is the set pressure of the pressure reducing valve (2), and then closing the initial inflation valve (36) to perform step S007;
step S007, filling hydrogen into the system space, starting a reflux cycle according to the data set in the step S002, and starting a multiplexing cycle if the multiplexing hydrogen is used, and then performing the step S008;
step S008, adjusting the temperature, pressure and humidity of the components in the step S002 to the specified values in the step S002, wherein the temperature adjustment comprises heating and cooling, when the pressure of hydrogen is insufficient, an initial inflation valve (36) directly inflates the multiplex hydrogen pressurization storage tank (31), and when the pressure exceeds the pressure, a tail switch valve (20) is used for normal pressure exhaust, and the step S009 is carried out;
step S009, according to the system set value and the detection value of the backflow temperature and humidity pressure gauge (25), the backflow humidifier (24) adjusts the temperature and the humidity of the backflow gas; the heat conductor (11) is used for regulating the temperature of the ejector pump (10); when the temperature measured by the pre-mixed hydrogen heat exchange thermometer (15) deviates from the set value of the system, the mixed hydrogen heat exchanger (14) exchanges heat with the hydrogen between the ejector pump (10) and the gas collecting tank (17);
step S010, judging whether the operation is failed, if the flow of the dry hydrogen flow meter (6) is reduced in a non-system setting mode during the operation, and meanwhile, the dry hydrogen temperature pressure gauge (9) detects the pressure rise and the reflux temperature and humidity pressure gauge (25) detects the pressure rise, observing whether water drops appear through an observation window of the hydrogen mixing heat exchanger (14), wherein if the water drops appear, the operation condition is a condition of separating out the water drops, and the water drops appear to be failed; if the failure occurs, performing step S011; if not, go to step S012;
step S011, heating up and exchanging heat of the heat-conducting heat exchanger (13) and the hydrogen-mixed heat exchanger (14) to eliminate accumulated water and ice, and performing step S012;
step S012, determining whether one or more predetermined tests are all completed, and if so, executing step S013; if the judgment is not finished, returning to the step S003;
step S013, running a shutdown program;
step S014, if the difference value between the pressure of the multiplexing hydrogen pressure gauge (27) and the pressure of the gas collecting tank (17) exceeds the specification of S002, and the pressure difference exceeds the specification value, namely overpressure, the rotating speed is reduced; if the pressure difference is lower than a specified value, namely the pressure is deficient, the rotating speed is increased;
reducing the rotation speed of the multiplexing hydrogen booster pump (29) and even stopping the multiplexing hydrogen booster pump, simultaneously replenishing new hydrogen by a system of the new hydrogen switch valve (4) until the pressure of the multiplexing hydrogen pressure gauge (27) is the same as that of the gas collecting tank (17), closing the new hydrogen switch valve (4), recovering the rotation speed of the multiplexing hydrogen booster pump (29), restarting the multiplexing hydrogen booster pump (29) if the multiplexing hydrogen booster pump (29) is in a stopped state, and performing step S008;
and step S015, supplementing new hydrogen, directly inflating the multiplex hydrogen pressurization storage tank (31) through an initial inflation valve (36), wherein inflation pressure is set pressure of the pressure reducing valve (2), and after the set pressure is reached, closing the initial inflation valve (36) to perform step S008.
9. The testing method for temperature control optimization of the air supply system of the fuel cell ejector pump according to claim 8, wherein the difference between the detection pressures of the gas collection tank pressure gauge (18) and the reflux temperature and humidity pressure gauge (25) in the step S002 is ± 0.5 kPa.
10. The method for testing temperature control optimization of an air supply system of a fuel cell ejector pump according to claim 8, wherein the step S014 specifically includes: if the difference value between the pressure of the multiplexing hydrogen pressure gauge (27) and the pressure of the gas collecting tank (17) exceeds +/-0.5 kPa specified in S002, if the pressure difference exceeds +/-0.5 kPa, namely overpressure, the rotating speed is reduced, and if the pressure difference is lower than-0.5 kPa, namely deficit pressure, the rotating speed is increased.
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