WO2023044982A1 - 一种卫星大规模mimo通信感知一体化的发送方法 - Google Patents
一种卫星大规模mimo通信感知一体化的发送方法 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/1851—Systems using a satellite or space-based relay
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/1851—Systems using a satellite or space-based relay
- H04B7/18513—Transmission in a satellite or space-based system
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
- H04B7/0456—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting
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- the invention relates to a sending method for satellite massive MIMO communication perception integration.
- the satellite massive MIMO communication-sensing integrated system For the satellite massive MIMO communication-sensing integrated system, its electromagnetic wave propagation characteristics are significantly different from those on the ground, so the ground-based communication-sensing integrated system cannot be directly used. Specifically, it is mainly reflected in two aspects: First, due to the long distance between the satellite and the user terminal and the target, it will cause high propagation delay; at the same time, the mobility of the user terminal and the detection target will cause a large multiplicity Puller shift. In addition, considering that the broadband satellite massive MIMO communication-sensing integrated system adopts large-scale arrays and broadband transmission, resulting in large channel dimensions and rapid changes, which brings challenges to the estimation of electromagnetic wave propagation state information. In general, for satellite massive MIMO communication and perception integrated systems, it is difficult to obtain accurate instantaneous state information of electromagnetic wave propagation at the transmitter side of the satellite.
- the satellite terminal is equipped with a massive MIMO antenna array to serve multiple users at the same time and detect multiple targets; communication and perception use the same spectrum resources and
- the same hardware platform implements the integration of communication and perception by transmitting a signal based on communication or perception; wherein, the satellite end estimates the statistical state information of electromagnetic wave propagation according to the received uplink and downlink pilot signals, and for the communication process, the electromagnetic wave propagation statistics
- the state information is the channel gain and channel direction vector between the satellite terminal and the user terminal.
- the electromagnetic wave propagation statistical state information is the angle of arrival of the target;
- the directional beam of the detection target and the downlink signal to each user terminal are transmitted by means of precoding; during the dynamic movement process of the satellite, each user terminal, and the target, along with the statistical state of electromagnetic wave propagation between the satellite, each user terminal, and the target If the information changes, the communication-aware integrated precoding is updated.
- the satellite massive MIMO communication perception integration method of the present invention has the following advantages:
- the transmitter of the system can simultaneously perform communication and sensing functions, and weighting coefficients are introduced to adjust the weights of the two functional modules to balance communication energy efficiency and radar beam pattern estimation accuracy;
- a hybrid precoding method is designed to alleviate the beam squint effect and enhance the energy efficiency performance of communication and the resolution of radar perception.
- Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the satellite massive MIMO communication perception integrated system
- Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the configuration of a large-scale antenna array at the satellite end.
- a method of satellite massive MIMO communication perception integration The satellite terminal is equipped with a massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna array to serve multiple users at the same time and detect multiple targets, as shown in Figure 1.
- Communication and perception use the same spectrum resources and the same hardware platform, and implement the integration of communication and perception by transmitting a signal to communicate or perceive.
- the communication process includes channel estimation and data transmission;
- the perception process includes radar target search and beamforming.
- the satellite end estimates the statistical state information of electromagnetic wave propagation based on the received uplink and downlink pilot signals.
- the electromagnetic wave propagation statistical state information is the channel gain and channel direction vector between the satellite end and the user terminal.
- the electromagnetic wave propagation The statistical state information is the angle of arrival of the target.
- the satellite side adopts the communication-aware integrated precoding to transmit the directional beam for the detection target and the downlink signal for each user terminal.
- the communication-aware integrated precoding is based on the principle of energy efficiency maximization and convex optimization algorithm. Hybrid precoding scheme.
- Each antenna unit of the massive MIMO antenna array sends signals independently, and adopts all-digital or analog or mixed transmission methods.
- the weight coefficient is introduced to weigh the performance of communication and perception, so as to realize the flexible switching of wireless communication and target perception functions.
- the satellite terminal is equipped with a large-scale MIMO antenna array, which contains more than hundreds of antenna units, and each antenna unit can use a single-polarization or multi-polarization antenna;
- the array structure is a uniform planar array, where The number of antennas in the x and y directions are respectively and Then the total number of antennas is The antenna spacing is r, and a hybrid analog/digital transmitter is used to serve K single-antenna users.
- Each user terminal uses an all-digital receiver to detect multiple targets at the same time.
- the number of radio frequency chains required by the transmitter is M t , K ⁇ M t ⁇ N t .
- each propagation path has the same angle of arrival in, and denote the angle of arrival in the x and y directions, respectively. If the propagation delay on the lth path is ⁇ k,l , then the total delay between it and the (n x , ny )th element of the antenna array for
- the second term in the formula is the time delay between the (1,1)th element and the (n x ,n y )th element of the antenna array for the kth user, namely
- exp ⁇ ⁇ represents the exponent operator
- f c represents the carrier frequency
- channel gain g k (t,f) obeys the Rice distribution whose parameter is the Rice parameter ⁇ k , and its energy satisfies where ⁇ k is the channel energy between the satellite and the kth user, represents the expectation operator, v k (f) is the array response vector, and there is
- v(f, ⁇ k ) represents the array response related to frequency and angle of arrival.
- each coherent time interval is considered, and the time parameter t is omitted. Furthermore, at the mth subcarrier at frequency f m , let Then, the corresponding channel response vector can be expressed as
- the data vector is Among them, s k [m] is the transmission symbol for the kth user, then the signal transmission vector is where B[m] is the hybrid precoding matrix, including the constant modulus RF precoder and baseband precoder Among them, w k [m] is the baseband precoding vector for the kth user, then there is in, is the precoding vector for the kth user.
- SINR signal-to-noise ratio
- rate R k rate R k and energy efficiency EE between the satellite and the kth user are defined as
- the total transmit power is the total transmit power, where 1/ ⁇ is the effectiveness of the amplifier, P t is the static power consumption,
- 2 represents the vector 2 norm, N 0 represents the noise power, Yes to No. user's precoding vector, the superscript H is a matrix operator.
- SINR k [m] represents the signal-to-noise ratio of the k-th user at the m-th subcarrier, and R k [m] represents the rate of the k-th user at the m-th sub-carrier.
- the transmitted omnidirectional beam pattern is
- the optimal subarray radar precoder can be expressed as
- Step 1 For the optimization problem Considering the product of the analog precoder and the digital precoder as a whole, and temporarily ignoring irrelevant constraints, the problem of full digital precoding is obtained
- Step 2 Since it is difficult to estimate the exact value of R k [m], consider the statistical properties of wave propagation, and use its tight upper bound as a substitute, namely
- Step 3 Order For the set of all subcarrier precoding matrices, the Dinkelbach algorithm is used to transform the problem into a series of subproblems Right now
- Step 5 Introduce auxiliary variables Using the Lagrangian dual transformation, the above problem becomes
- Step 6 Introduce auxiliary variables Using the secondary transformation, the problem Converted to
- Step 7 Note that when ( ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ) is fixed, the problem The objective function of is convex for the variables b k,m , and can be solved by the Lagrangian operator method. Specifically, the Lagrangian multiplier t is introduced, then the problem The Lagrange function of can be expressed as
- Step 8 For the mth subcarrier, after obtaining the equivalent all-digital precoding matrix B com [m], introduce a weight coefficient ⁇ to weigh the performance of the communication and perception modules, and the corresponding weighted sum minimum problem is
- Step 9 For the simulated precoder of the fully connected structure,
- the digital precoder W can be updated as follows,
- the digital precoder W can be updated as follows,
- the aforementioned communication-perception integrated hybrid precoding process is dynamically implemented to form an updated communication-perception An all-in-one hybrid precoding approach.
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种卫星大规模MIMO通信感知一体化的发送方法,卫星端配备大规模MIMO阵列,实现通信感知一体化系统。卫星端基于电磁波传播统计特性,发送多个用户终端的通信信号,同时对目标进行检测,实现卫星端与不同用户终端的同时通信以及对目标的感知。本发明充分利用频谱资源,基于卫星实现无线通信和目标感知功能的灵活切换,缓解波束斜视对系统性能的影响,大幅提升通信性能以及雷达的分辨率,可用于构建天、空、地、海一体化综合网络,实现全球覆盖。
Description
本发明涉及一种卫星大规模MIMO通信感知一体化的发送方法。
随着无线产业的飞速发展,频谱资源越来越稀缺,频谱资源的价值也越来越高。为了提高频谱资源的利用率,提出了通信感知一体化方法和系统,以实现无线通信与雷达感知两个功能模块之间的频率复用。在通信感知一体化系统中,通信和感知可以在一个硬件平台上同时进行,使射频环境的解拥塞成为可能。现有的通信感知一体化工作主要集中在地面网络,并已经探索了许多设计,以提高两个功能模块的性能。
对于卫星大规模MIMO通信感知一体化系统,其电磁波传播特性与地面存在显著差异,因此不能直接采用地面通信感知一体化系统。具体来说,主要体现在两个方面:一是由于卫星与用户终端以及目标之间的距离较长,会导致高传播延迟,同时,用户终端和检测目标的移动性,会导致较大的多普勒频移。此外,考虑到宽带卫星大规模MIMO通信感知一体化系统采用大规模阵列和宽带传输,导致信道维度大、变化快,这给电磁波传播状态信息的估计带来了挑战。一般情况下,对于卫星大规模MIMO通信感知一体化系统,在卫星侧发射机端,准确的电磁波传播瞬时状态信息是很难得到的。
发明内容
发明目的:针对上述现有技术,提出一种基于电磁波传播统计状态信息的考虑波束斜视的卫星大规模MIMO通信感知一体化方法和系统,可以有效缓解波束斜视对系统性能的影响,实现频谱资源的有效利用,在无线通信和目标感知的功能间灵活切换,大幅提升通信能效以及雷达的分辨率。
技术方案:一种卫星大规模MIMO通信感知一体化的发送方法,卫星端配备大规模MIMO天线阵列,同时服务于多个用户,并对多个目标进行检测;通信和感知使用相同的频谱资源和同一硬件平台,通过发射一个信号以通信或感知为主实施通信感知一体化;其中,卫星端依据收到的上行和下行导频信号估计电磁波传播统计状态信息,对于通信过程,所述电磁波传播统计状态信息是卫星端和用户终端之间的信道增益与信道方向矢量,对于感知过程,所述电磁波传播统计状态信息是目标的到达角;根据所述电磁波传播统计状态信息,卫星端采用通信感知一体化预编码发射对检测目标的定向波束和对各用户终端的下行信号;在卫星和各用户终端以及目标的动态移动过程中,随着卫星与各用户终端以及目标间的所述电磁波传播统计状态信息的变化,更新所述通信感知 一体化预编码。
有益效果:本发明的卫星大规模MIMO通信感知一体化方法具有如下优点:
(1)在本发明中,对考虑波束斜视的电磁波传播统计特性进行建模,建立了波束斜视的程度和系统相关参数之间的关系;
(2)在本发明中,该系统的发射机可以同时执行通信和感知功能,引入加权系数来调整两个功能模块的权重,以权衡通信能效和雷达波束模式估计准确性;
(3)在本发明中,设计了一种混合预编码方法,以缓解波束斜视效应,并增强通信的能效性能和雷达感知的分辨率。
图1为卫星大规模MIMO通信感知一体化系统示意图;
图2为卫星端大规模天线阵列配置示意图。
下面结合附图对本发明做更进一步的解释。
一种卫星大规模MIMO通信感知一体化的方法,卫星端配备大规模多输入多输出(MIMO)天线阵列,同时服务于多个用户,并对多个目标进行检测,如图1所示。通信和感知使用相同的频谱资源和同一硬件平台,通过发射一个信号以通信或感知为主实施通信感知一体化。其中,通信过程包括信道估计和数据传输;感知过程包括雷达目标搜索和波束赋形。卫星端依据收到的上行和下行导频信号估计电磁波传播统计状态信息,对于通信过程,电磁波传播统计状态信息是卫星端和用户终端之间的信道增益与信道方向矢量,对于感知过程,电磁波传播统计状态信息是目标的到达角。
根据电磁波传播统计状态信息,卫星端采用通信感知一体化预编码发射对检测目标的定向波束和对各用户终端的下行信号,通信感知一体化预编码为基于能效最大化原则和凸优化算法的的混合预编码方案。大规模MIMO天线阵列的每个天线单元独立发送信号,并采用全数字或模拟或混合的传输方式。通过发送一个信号同时实施通信和感知过程中,引入权重系数来权衡通信和感知的性能,以实现无线通信和目标感知功能的灵活切换。在卫星和各用户终端以及目标的动态移动过程中,随着卫星与各用户终端以及目标间的所述电磁波传播统计状态信息的变化,更新通信感知一体化预编码。
具体的,如图2所示,卫星端配备大规模MIMO天线阵列,包含数百个以上的天线单元,每个天线单元可采用单极化或多极化天线;阵列结构为均匀面阵,其中x和y方向的天线数分别为
和
则总天线数为
天线间隔为r,并采用混合模拟/数字发射机,服务于K个单天线用户,每个用户终端均采用全数字接收机,同时 对多个目标进行检测,发射机所需射频链的数量为M
t,K≤M
t≤N
t。
考虑到宽带大规模MIMO低轨卫星系统的频率选择性,采用正交频分复用(OFDM)方案来减小码间干扰,即在信号带宽B
w上共采用M个子载波,则子载波间隔为Δ
B=B
w/M。于是,第m个子载波的频率为
1.通信模块
(1)对考虑波束斜视情况下的多径信道传播的统计特性进行建模
注意到卫星高度远高于地面用户终端周围的散射体,若对第k个用户,共有L
k条传播路径,设各传播路径具有相同的到达角
其中,
和
分别表示x和y方向上的到达角。若第l条路径上的传播时延为τ
k,l,则其与天线阵列第(n
x,n
y)个元素之间的总时延
为
式中第二项为对于第k个用户,天线阵列的第(1,1)个元素到第(n
x,n
y)个元素的之间的时延,即
h
k(t,f)=v
k(f)g
k(t,f),(5)
h
k[m]=v
k[m]g
k[m]. (8)
(2)考虑下行信道传输信号
在第m个子载波处,数据矢量为
其中,s
k[m]是对第k个用户的传输符号,则信号传输矢量为
其中B[m]为混合预编码矩阵,包括恒模射频预编码器
和基带预编码器
其中,w
k[m]是对第k个用户的基带预编码矢量,则有
其中,
是对第k个用户的预编码矢量。
卫星与第k个用户之间的信噪比SINR、速率R
k和能效EE分别定义为
式中,
为总发射功率,其中,1/ξ为放大器的有效性,P
t为静态功耗,||·||
2表示向量2范数,N
0表示噪声功率,
是对第
个用户的预编码矢 量,上标H为矩阵操作符。SINR
k[m]表示第k个用户在第m个子载波处的信噪比,R
k[m]表示第k个用户在第m个子载波处的速率。
2.感知模块
考虑和混合预编码架构进行联合设计的子阵列MIMO雷达,在第m个子载波处,其发送的全向波束模式为
假设有P
r≤K个检测目标,则最优的子阵列雷达预编码器可以表示为
3.波束斜视感知的混合预编码器设计
其中,P表示功率预算,U[m]为在第m个子载波处引入的辅助酉矩阵,使得最优雷达预编码器的维数与混合预编码器的维数相匹配,注意到该操作不影响雷达的波束模式,ε为数字/模拟混合预编码器与雷达预编码器(带旋转)的欧氏距离公差项,
为P
r×P
r阶的单位阵,||·||
F表示矩阵F范数。此外,
为模拟预编码器所需要满足的约束,具体而言,
分别为采用全连接和部分连接结构模拟预编码器满足的约束 条件,即
式中,N
g=N
t/M
t表示组数。
步骤2:由于较难估计R
k[m]的准确值,考虑波传播统计特性,采用其紧上界作为替代,即
其中,辅助变量η
(i)满足
其中,
由KKT条件,可得
步骤8:对于第m个子载波,在得到等效的全数字预编码矩阵B
com[m]后,引入权重系数ζ来权衡通信和感知模块的性能,对应的加权和最小问题为
其中ζ表示权重。对于任意子载波m,迭代求解可得模拟和数字预编码矢量,下述省略标号m。
步骤9:对于全连接结构的模拟预编码器,
采用奇异值分解法可以得到上述问题的解,即
则数字预编码器W可以进行如下更新,
W=(A
HA)
-1A
HC=(V
HV)
-1A
HC, (36)
重复过程①-③至目标函数f收敛。
采用奇异值分解法可以得到上述问题的解,即
则数字预编码器W可以进行如下更新,
可以将该问题的解表示为
重复过程①-③至目标函数f收敛。
在卫星和各用户终端以及目标的动态移动过程中,随着卫星与各用户终端以及目标间波传播统计特性的变化,动态地实施前述通信感知一体化混合预编码过程,形成更新后的通信感知一体化混合预编码方法。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (3)
- 一种卫星大规模MIMO通信感知一体化的发送方法,其特征在于,卫星端配备大规模MIMO天线阵列,同时服务于多个用户,并对多个目标进行检测;通信和感知使用相同的频谱资源和同一硬件平台,通过发射一个信号以通信或感知为主实施通信感知一体化;其中,卫星端依据收到的上行和下行导频信号估计电磁波传播统计状态信息,对于通信过程,所述电磁波传播统计状态信息是卫星端和用户终端之间的信道增益与信道方向矢量,对于感知过程,所述电磁波传播统计状态信息是目标的到达角;根据所述电磁波传播统计状态信息,卫星端采用通信感知一体化预编码发射对检测目标的定向波束和对各用户终端的下行信号;在卫星和各用户终端以及目标的动态移动过程中,随着卫星与各用户终端以及目标间的所述电磁波传播统计状态信息的变化,更新所述通信感知一体化预编码。
- 根据权利要求1所述的卫星大规模MIMO通信感知一体化的发送方法,其特征在于,通过发送一个信号同时实施通信和感知过程中,引入权重系数来权衡通信和感知的性能。
- 根据权利要求2所述的卫星大规模MIMO通信感知一体化的发送方法,其特征在于,所述通信感知一体化预编码设计方法包括如下步骤:其中,K表示用户数,R k表示卫星与第k个用户之间的通信速率,P total表示总发射功率,M表示子载波数,V[m]表示恒模射频预编码器,W[m]表示基带预编码器,w k[m]表示对第k个用户的基带预编码矢量,P表示功率预算, 为模拟预编码器所需要满足的约束,B rad[m]表示最优的子阵列雷达预编码器,U[m]表示在第m个子载波处引入的辅助酉矩阵,ε表示混合预编码器与雷达预编码器的欧氏距离公差项, 表示P r×P r阶的单位阵,P r表示目标数,||·|| F表示矩阵F范数;其中,B[m]表示混合预编码矩阵,b k[m]=V[m]w k[m]表示对第k个用户的预编码矢量;其中,R k[m]表示第k个用户第m个子载波上的速率,γ k是卫星和第k个用户之间的信道能量,v k[m]表示频率为f m的第m个子载波处的阵列响应矢量,N 0表示噪声功率;其中,1/ξ为放大器的有效性,P t表示静态功耗;其中,λ k,m表示辅助变量;其中,ρ k,m表示辅助变量;由KKT条件,得到步骤8:对于第m个子载波,在得到等效的全数字预编码矩阵B com[m]后,引入权重系数ζ来权衡通信和感知模块的性能,对应的加权和最小问题为对于任意子载波m,迭代求解可得模拟和数字预编码矢量,下述省略标号m;步骤9:对于全连接结构的模拟预编码器,则数字预编码器W进行如下更新,W=(A HA) -1A HC=(V HV) -1A HC, (20)重复过程①-③至目标函数f收敛;则数字预编码器W可以进行如下更新,重复过程①-③至目标函数f收敛。
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