WO2023043334A1 - Dispositif cathodique pour électrolyseur d'aluminium - Google Patents

Dispositif cathodique pour électrolyseur d'aluminium Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023043334A1
WO2023043334A1 PCT/RU2022/050227 RU2022050227W WO2023043334A1 WO 2023043334 A1 WO2023043334 A1 WO 2023043334A1 RU 2022050227 W RU2022050227 W RU 2022050227W WO 2023043334 A1 WO2023043334 A1 WO 2023043334A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cathode
cathode device
composite material
belt
walls
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PCT/RU2022/050227
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English (en)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Алексей Геннадьевич БУРЦЕВ
Александр Олегович ГУСЕВ
Сергей Владимирович СКУРАТОВ
Виктор Христьянович МАНН
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Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью "Объединенная Компания Русал Инженерно -Технологический Центр"
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Priority to CA3231974A priority Critical patent/CA3231974A1/fr
Priority to CN202280062243.0A priority patent/CN117940611A/zh
Publication of WO2023043334A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023043334A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
    • C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
    • C25C3/10—External supporting frames or structures

Definitions

  • the invention relates to aluminum metallurgy by electrolysis of molten salts, in particular to the cathode device of the electrolyzer, and concerns the design of the upper belt of the longitudinal and end walls of the cathode casing.
  • a cathode device is usually called an assembly consisting of a cathode casing with a lining enclosed in it, which provides the conditions for the electrolysis process to proceed in a cryolite-alumina melt (electrolyte).
  • the cathode casing is a metal bath, including longitudinal and end walls with a bottom and load-bearing elements (frames, buttresses, beams, etc.) enclosing the walls and bottom of the bath, usually made of steel.
  • the cathode casing is lined from the inside with lining materials (refractory and heat-insulating bricks, silicon carbide plates and carbon-graphite cathode blocks with steel cathode rods, etc.).
  • the cathode casing is designed to protect the lining placed inside it from deformation and destruction arising under the action of forces developing inside the cathode device during the operation of the electrolyzer. Therefore, it must have the necessary mechanical strength and rigidity to ensure a long service life of the cathode device.
  • cathode casing Another important function of the cathode casing is to ensure intensive heat removal from the zone of the electrolysis process and dissipation of excess heat into the environment. This contributes to the formation of a layer of frozen cryolite-alumina melt-skull on the inner lined (side) walls of the cathode device, which ensures their protection from the effects of an aggressive environment and high temperatures (in the range of 870-970 °C), thereby ensuring optimal conditions for conducting electrolysis process and protect the side walls from the aggressive effects of the electrolyte and electrolysis products.
  • a known method of cooling an aluminum cell (US 4087345, C25C 3/08, 05/02/1978), containing a cathode casing in the form of a steel bath, including vertical (longitudinal and end) walls with a bottom.
  • Vertical stiffeners (T-beams and/or I-beams) are attached to the walls with a certain step along the length and width of the casing.
  • the beams have good thermal contact with the walls of the steel bath.
  • the walls of the steel bath are covered along the entire outer perimeter by horizontal stiffening elements (T-beams and / or I-beams), forming a single rigid structure.
  • the walls can be additionally covered by load-bearing elements (frames, buttresses).
  • vertical air corridors are formed, designed for unhindered passage of air in order to remove and dissipate heat from the walls of the casing and vertical structural stiffeners.
  • the casing walls are cooled due to the convective air flow due to the lifting (Archimedean) force resulting from the air heating in the upper parts (at the melt level) of the vertical air corridors, and the resulting temperature difference along the height of the casing walls.
  • This makes it possible to increase heat removal by the vertical side walls of the casing and reduce the temperature of the casing walls, thereby creating conditions for the formation of a layer of solidified cryolite-alumina melt-skull on the inner lined walls of the cathode device.
  • the main disadvantage of the known method is the low efficiency of heat removal and dissipation from the cathode casing due to the rather small cooling area and low speeds of the convective air flow. Therefore, in this case, it becomes problematic to provide a stable and sufficient thickness of the scull layer on the inner surface of the side lining.
  • the absence of a skull usually leads to intensive wear of the onboard lining, which will adversely affect the service life of the cell.
  • Known cathode device aluminum cell (RU 2230834, C25C 3/08, 20.06.2004), equipped with a cathode casing, including lined from the inside a metal bath with longitudinal and end walls and a bottom, installed inside a rigid frame formed by transverse frames (strength elements).
  • the end walls of the bath are reinforced with stiffening belts formed by vertical and horizontal stiffening elements interconnected by a strapping (bending) sheet.
  • the horizontal stiffeners are placed at some distance in the horizontal plane from the vertical end wall, so that vertical air corridors are formed between them with a width of 1/3 -2/3 of the distance from the end wall of the bath to the strapping sheet, which are designed to pass casing cooling air.
  • vertical steel cooling fins are installed between the vertical stiffening ribs in the amount of 1-4 pcs. and a height equal to the height of the side lining, mainly the dimensions of the ribs are as follows: thickness 6-8 mm, height 640-650 mm, width 120 mm.
  • the known method provides the passage of the air flow along the vertical air corridors through the cooling fins welded to the wall in order to remove and dissipate heat from the end walls of the cathode casing using natural convective heat exchange with the environment.
  • the main disadvantage of the known solution is that it is proposed to install cooling fins only on the end walls of the cathode casing, as a result of which more intensive heat removal will be carried out only from the ends of the cathode casing, and the problem with cooling the longitudinal walls remains.
  • Another disadvantage of this solution is the low efficiency of heat removal from the end wall of the cathode casing, because the heat transfer coefficient increases slightly (from about 15 to 25 W/m 2 K). This is due to the presence of a solid flange sheet, which prevents the free passage of air, and the relatively low thermal conductivity of the cooling fins, made of StZ steel with a thermal conductivity coefficient of 50 W/m K at 300 °C), as a result, heat transfer by the fins is ineffective.
  • a known method of cooling an electrolyzer for producing aluminum (US 4608134, C25C 3/08, 08/26/1986), containing an outer cathode casing made in the form of a steel bath, with a lining enclosed inside it, consisting of refractory and heat-insulating lining materials and carbon-graphite cathode blocks and located on the inside of the side walls of the cathode casing of the onboard part of the lining (carbon graphite or silicon carbide plates).
  • On the sides of the cathode device at the level of the melt, between the inner surface of the cathode casing and the outer wall of the side part of the lining, there are air cavities, which communicate with air inlets and outlets equipped with valves to control the air flow.
  • Cooling occurs as follows: cold air is sucked in through the intake holes, taken from the environment on the sides of the electrolyzer, and is directed into the air cavities along the onboard lining, as a result of which it is cooled, while the flow of hot air is controlled using outlet holes equipped with valves .
  • outlet holes equipped with valves .
  • Known electrolyzer for producing aluminum (SU 605865, S25S 3/08, 05.05.1978), including a metal cathode casing in the form of a steel bath, lined from the inside, the bottom and vertical walls of which are provided with box-shaped sections made in the form of sealed cavities. Thermal screens made up of separate plates are installed in the sealed cavities, and air lines with air distribution valves are connected to them, into which air is blown by a fan or compressor.
  • the disadvantage of the known solution is the need to create a complex and cumbersome network of air lines, which significantly clutter up the space around the cell, and the high noise level created by the discharged air into the sealed cavities or into the atmosphere of the housing creates unfavorable conditions for the staff.
  • Due to the low heat capacity of air for efficient heat removal a significant air flow will be required, and therefore, a compressor station or powerful fans are required and therefore it is not economically feasible.
  • the cathode device of an aluminum electrolyzer according to patent RU 2321682, C25C 3/08, 10.04.2008.
  • the device contains a metal bath with a bottom and load-bearing elements covering the walls and bottom of the bath, forming a cathode casing. Inside the cathode casing there is a lining and cathode blocks with cathode rods forming the cathode of the cell.
  • lamellar ribs made of a material with high thermal conductivity are fixed. The area of one lamellar rib is 0.03-0.3 m 2 .
  • the lamellar ribs are fastened to the metal bath using aluminum-steel or copper-steel bimetallic adapters made by explosion welding.
  • the steel part of the bimetallic adapter is welded to the walls of the metal bath, and lamellar fins of aluminum or aluminum alloy or copper or copper alloy are welded to the aluminum or copper part, respectively.
  • In the upper part of the power elements there are regulators of the efficiency of heat removal from the walls of the bath in the form of rotary shutters.
  • a device for forced cooling of the plate fins in the form of a fan and a blower is installed in the gap between the power elements.
  • the device makes it possible to intensify the process of electrolytic production of aluminum in an aluminum electrolytic cell for regulating the efficiency of heat removal, to provide conditions for a stable technological process and to increase the service life of the cathode device of the aluminum cell.
  • the known cathode device makes it possible to ensure efficient heat removal from the cell to the side walls of the bath and further to the lamellar fins, which are cooled due to convective heat transfer during the flow of air due to its heating in the interfin space and the temperature difference along the height of the walls of the bath.
  • This allows, under conditions of intensified operation of the aluminum electrolyzer, to ensure the formation of a stable layer of solidified electrolyte (lead) on the inner surface of the side lining of the cathode device, thereby increasing the service life of the cathode device of the aluminum electrolyzer.
  • the disadvantage of the cathode device according to the prototype is that under conditions of intensification of the electrolysis process, in order to increase production efficiency, a necessary condition for this is to ensure the possibility of operation an electrolytic cell with a high temperature of electrolyte overheating (difference between the operating temperature and the liquidus temperature) to prevent overgrowth and formation of cakes on the bottom, which leads to a decrease in process efficiency and related disadvantages.
  • the main task is to create a layer of protective scull at overheating above 25 °C (optimally about 40 °C), and the known solution can guarantee a scull only when overheating is about 20 °C. This is due to the fact that this design provides efficient heat supply from the cell to the side walls of the bath, and heat dissipation from the outer surface of the casing and, accordingly, the lamellar ribs is not as efficient as necessary for the process.
  • the fins are made of aluminum or aluminum alloy, copper or copper alloy, or special steel, i.e. material with high thermal conductivity.
  • the lamellar ribs are end-attached to the longitudinal and end walls of the metal bath through a bimetallic adapter made by explosion welding or using a bolted and/or riveted connection.
  • the lamellar ribs are fixed by means of a welded joint, i. e. heat is not transferred through the entire cross section of the bimetallic adapter, but only through the welded leg. This ensures a minimum temperature difference of the order of 30-50 °C.
  • the thermal resistance between the rib and the wall of the metal bath is too high, if the detachable connection is not constantly tightened, it weakens as a result of temperature changes.
  • the objective of the proposed invention is to develop a design for the cathode device of an aluminum electrolytic cell with increased heat removal from the upper part of the sides of the metal bath, capable of operating at overheating above 25 °C.
  • the technical result is the solution of the task, increasing the intensification of the process of electrolytic production of aluminum (increasing the unit current strength) in the aluminum electrolytic cell due to the design of the cathode a device capable of removing and dissipating the thermal energy released in the electrolytic cell.
  • the cathode device of the electrolytic cell for the production of aluminum containing a metal bath (1) with a bottom (3), power elements (5) covering the walls (2) and the bottom of the bath, with a lining enclosed inside it (6) and cathode blocks (7) with cathode rods (8), forming the cathode of the electrolytic cell, according to the proposed invention, on the longitudinal and end walls (2) of the metal bath (1) in the gaps between the power elements (5) plate-like (15) are fixed and/or finger ribs (16) with a developed structure for heat removal, made of a material with high thermal conductivity, while in the upper part of the longitudinal and end walls (2) of the metal bath there is a belt (9) made of a composite material.
  • the invention is complemented by special cases of its implementation, contributing to the achievement of the technical result.
  • the composite material of the belt may consist of at least two metal layers, while the total height of the belt is 0.2-0.5 m. If the height is less than 0.2 m, then insufficient heat will be removed and dissipated from the belt and accordingly, the solution will be ineffective. If the height is more than 0.5 m, then the heat sink becomes excessive and, as a result, the cooling will affect the area of the metal (liquid aluminum), which will negatively affect the electrolysis process.
  • the upper layer (13) of the composite material of the belt is made of metal with high thermal conductivity.
  • the upper layer (13) of the composite material of the belt can be made of aluminum or its alloys.
  • the upper layer (13) of the composite material of the belt can be made of copper or its alloys.
  • the composite material of the belt is made by connecting metal layers by pulse welding.
  • the composite material of the belt may contain an intermediate layer (14) made of titanium.
  • a belt is used, made of several layers of metal, which differ in chemical composition and are separated by a pronounced boundary.
  • Heat sink regulators (17), made in the form of rotary shutters (18), can be installed above the power elements.
  • a self-regulating system is provided. Adjustment occurs by increasing and decreasing the thickness of the ledge. But in case, during the operation of the device, undesirable deviations in operation are observed, forced cooling elements (devices) can be provided. In between Forced cooling devices, such as fans, can be placed between the power elements (5).
  • the described design of the cathode device makes it possible to ensure efficient heat removal from the cell to the side walls of the bath and to effectively dissipate heat energy due to convective heat transfer during air flow due to its heating in the interfin space and the temperature difference along the height of the bath walls.
  • This allows, under the conditions of intensified operation of the aluminum electrolyzer, to ensure the formation of a stable layer of solidified electrolyte (lead) on the inner surface of the onboard lining of the cathode device when overheated above 25 °C and guarantee stable and stable operation of the aluminum electrolyzer.
  • the invention is complemented by special cases aimed at solving the problem.
  • the cathode device is supplemented by the fact that the composite material is made by pulse welding, such joints are obtained as: steel / aluminum, steel / copper, and in the case of using a titanium (Ti) interlayer: steel / titanium / aluminum, steel / titanium / copper.
  • Ti titanium interlayer
  • the titanium layer in the composite walls is necessary for operation in conditions where the operation of the side walls will be at temperatures above 300 ° C, in order to avoid the formation of intermetallic compounds at the interface of two metals connected by an impulse and the degradation of this compound.
  • the outer layer of the composite material is made of a metal with a high thermal conductivity, such as aluminum, copper, bronze or special steel.
  • a metal with a high thermal conductivity such as aluminum, copper, bronze or special steel.
  • aluminum grades A0-A85 (k ⁇ u003d 210-230 W / m K, W / m K ⁇ u003d W / m ° C) or aluminum alloy (ADO, AD1, AD31, ADZZ, AD35, D1, D16, AK7, AK9 , AK12, AMts, AMtsS, AMgZ, AMg4, AMg5, AMgb, V63, V93, V94, V95) with thermal conductivity coefficients of the order k 110-230 W / m K; copper k ⁇ u003d 360-390 W / m K or a copper alloy (bronze, brass, etc.) with a thermal conductivity coefficient of the order of 70 to 380 W / m K; special steels (
  • plate fins made of a material with a high coefficient of thermal conductivity (aluminum, copper, bronze or special steel) in the amount of 3-10 pieces are fixed on it. and an area of 0.03-0.6 m 2 .
  • the cathode device is supplemented by the fact that, to further increase the efficiency, the plate fins can be replaced by fingers (they can be made in the form of rods, rods, "straws”, etc.), which have a much more developed surface for heat removal.
  • the cathode device is supplemented by the fact that in the upper part of the power elements there are regulators for the efficiency of heat removal from the walls of the metal bath in the form of rotary flaps, which allow you to adjust the thickness of the ledge or shape its shape depending on the seasonal change in ambient temperature.
  • the cathode device is supplemented by the fact that in the gap between the power elements there is a forced cooling device in the form of a fan and a blower.
  • FIG. 1 shows the proposed cathode arrangement of an aluminum cell.
  • FIG. 2 shows a cathode device with the upper part of the wall of the metal bath made of composite material, made in such a way as by pulse welding. Also in FIG. 2 shows a cathode device with an upper part of the wall of a metal bath made of a composite material, the outer layer of which is made of a metal with high thermal conductivity.
  • FIG. 3 shows a cathode device with the upper part of the wall of a metal bath made of a composite material, the outer surface of which has a developed surface due to the installation of lamellar ribs.
  • FIG. 4 shows a cathode device with the upper part of the wall of a metal bath made of a composite material, the outer surface of which has a developed surface by installing finger ribs.
  • FIG. 5 shows a cathode device with the upper part of the metal bath wall made of composite material, in which regulators for the efficiency of heat removal from the walls of the metal bath in the form of rotary shutters are installed in the upper part of the power elements.
  • FIG. 6 shows a cathode device with the upper part of the wall of a metal bath made of composite material, in which a forced cooling device is located in the gap between the power elements
  • the cathode device of the aluminum electrolytic cell includes a metal bath 1 having longitudinal and end walls 2, a bottom 3 and a flange sheet 4; power elements 5 covering the walls and bottom of the bath; lining 6 enclosed inside the bath 1, cathode blocks 7 with cathode rods 8, forming the cathode of the cell; upper belt 9 made of composite material.
  • the flow 10 is created by the lifting (Archimedean) force due to its heating in the space limited by the power elements 5, as well as the overflow of air due to the difference in its temperature along the height of the walls of the bath 2.
  • efficient heat removal from the upper belt 9 of the composite material with the upper layer 13 is carried out.
  • the upper layer 13 of the belt 9 is made of metal with high thermal conductivity
  • the following metals can be used as this: aluminum, copper, bronze or special steel.
  • the surface of the top layer 13 can be developed by installing lamellar ribs 15 made of metal with high thermal conductivity, which are fixed by welding, soldering or other mechanical means (bolted and / or riveted connection) previously providing a smooth surface 13 by milling or installing a pad, such as a fusible heat transfer material, graphite or silver based thermal paste, aluminum foil, refractory cement, etc., which will even out the uneven wall surface.
  • a pad such as a fusible heat transfer material, graphite or silver based thermal paste, aluminum foil, refractory cement, etc.
  • a further increase in efficiency is possible due to an even greater development of the surface 13, by installing finger ribs 16 made of metal with high thermal conductivity, which makes it possible to increase the heat-releasing surface by 20-30% and ensure the dissipation of thermal energy.
  • heat removal regulators 17 can be installed, made in the form of rotary shutters 18, with the help of which the open area in the opening 11 can be changed. it becomes possible to regulate the thickness of the scull depending on the seasonal change in the ambient temperature and the change in the current in the electrolyzer.
  • a forced cooling device 19 can be installed between the power elements 5.
  • the device is, for example, a centrifugal fan with a capacity of 1000-2000 m 3 /hour. Thus, heat removal can be increased by another 30-50%.
  • the bottom 3, the flange sheet 4 and the longitudinal and end walls 2 of the metal bath 1 are made of sheet steel with a thickness of 12-20 mm, which has sufficient ductility and quality.
  • a lining 6 is placed, consisting of refractory and heat-insulating materials, cathode blocks 7 with cathode rods 8 installed in them.
  • Power elements 5, covering the walls and bottom of the bath 1, are made in the form of either frames (T-beams or I-beams), or in the form of hinged buttresses (a box-section structure or two I-beams welded together).
  • a belt 9 is installed from a composite material consisting of 2 or more layers of various metals 0.2-0.5 m high. The lower part of the belt is welded to the walls 2, the upper part to the flange sheet 4, and the top layer 13 the surface is either welded to the power elements 5, or abuts against them, providing free contact.
  • Pulse welding is a mechanical type of welding using pressure, in which the connection is made as a result of an explosion-induced collision of the parts to be welded.
  • the composite material of the belt usually consists of a steel base 12, a top layer of a material with high thermal conductivity 13 and an intermediate layer 14 of titanium.
  • the intermediate layer 14 is required to be installed when the belt is operated in the device at temperatures above 300 °C.
  • Lamellar rib 15 is made in the form of a rectangle or trapezoid with a height of 300-600 mm, a width of 100-500 mm and a thickness of 6-10 mm. In this case, the number of fins is chosen depending on the required heat transfer coefficient.
  • Replacing plate ribs 15 with finger ribs 16 increases the heat transfer surface by 20-30% and allows increasing the heat transfer coefficient by the same 15-20%. If it is not required to dissipate such an amount of heat, then the heat transfer coefficient can be reduced by closing the rotary shutters 18 of the heat sink 17 regulators.
  • forced cooling devices 19 in the form of a fan and blower, as well as other suitable cooling devices.
  • the proposed cathode device can provide a stable layer of solidified electrolyte (sculpture) on the inner surface of the side lining of the cathode device when overheated above 25 °C and guarantee stable and stable operation of the aluminum electrolyzer. So, for example, the test sample worked at an overheat of 40 ° C, in the summer (these are the worst conditions) and there was a minimum layer of protective scull on the walls.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif cathodique pour électrolyseur servant à la production d'aluminium, lequel comprend une cuve métallique avec un fond, des éléments de force entourant les parois longitudinales et d'extrémité et le fond de la cuve avec un parement compris dans celui-ci et des unités cathodiques avec des tiges cathodiques définissant la cathode de l'électrolyseur. Sur les parois longitudinales et d'extrémité de la cuve métallique et dans les intervalles entre les éléments de force se trouvent des arêtes en plaques et/ou en doigts possédant une structure développée pour l'évacuation de la chaleur; une bande est disposée dans la partie supérieure des parois longitudinales et d'extrémité de la cuve afin de dissiper uniformément la chaleur, et est faite d'un matériau composite. L'effet de refroidissement est atteint grâce au flux de convection de l'air du à la force de sustentation résultant de l'échauffement de l'air dans l'espace entre les arêtes au niveau du bain de fusion, et de la différence de température qui en résulte sur la hauteur des parois du capot cathodique.
PCT/RU2022/050227 2021-09-16 2022-07-21 Dispositif cathodique pour électrolyseur d'aluminium WO2023043334A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA3231974A CA3231974A1 (fr) 2021-09-16 2022-07-21 Assemblage cathodique d'une cellule de reduction d'aluminium
CN202280062243.0A CN117940611A (zh) 2021-09-16 2022-07-21 用于铝电解槽的阴极装置

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RU2021127241 2021-09-16
RU2021127241A RU2770602C1 (ru) 2021-09-16 2021-09-16 Катодное устройство алюминиевого электролизера

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Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4087345A (en) 1977-07-19 1978-05-02 Ardal Og Sunndal Verk A.S. Potshell for electrolytic aluminum reduction cell
SU605865A1 (ru) 1976-05-10 1978-05-05 Северо-Западное Отделение Всесоюзного Научно-Исследовательского И Проектноконструкторского Института "Внипиэнергопром" Электролизер дл получени алюмини
US4608134A (en) 1985-04-22 1986-08-26 Aluminum Company Of America Hall cell with inert liner
WO2004007806A2 (fr) * 2002-07-09 2004-01-22 Aluminium Pechiney Procede et systeme de refroidissement d'une cuve d'electrolyse pour la production d'aluminium
RU2230834C1 (ru) 2002-11-10 2004-06-20 Архипов Геннадий Викторович Катодный кожух алюминиевого электролизера
US20040149570A1 (en) * 2003-01-22 2004-08-05 Toyo Tanso Co., Ltd. Electrolytic apparatus for molten salt
RU2321682C2 (ru) 2006-05-23 2008-04-10 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Русская инжиниринговая компания" Катодное устройство алюминиевого электролизера
EA010167B1 (ru) * 2004-10-21 2008-06-30 БиЭйчПи БИЛЛИТОН ИННОВЕЙШН ПТИ ЛТД. Внутреннее охлаждение электролизной плавильной ванны

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU605865A1 (ru) 1976-05-10 1978-05-05 Северо-Западное Отделение Всесоюзного Научно-Исследовательского И Проектноконструкторского Института "Внипиэнергопром" Электролизер дл получени алюмини
US4087345A (en) 1977-07-19 1978-05-02 Ardal Og Sunndal Verk A.S. Potshell for electrolytic aluminum reduction cell
US4608134A (en) 1985-04-22 1986-08-26 Aluminum Company Of America Hall cell with inert liner
WO2004007806A2 (fr) * 2002-07-09 2004-01-22 Aluminium Pechiney Procede et systeme de refroidissement d'une cuve d'electrolyse pour la production d'aluminium
RU2324008C2 (ru) * 2002-07-09 2008-05-10 Алюминиюм Пешинэ Способ и система охлаждения электролизной ванны для производства алюминия
RU2230834C1 (ru) 2002-11-10 2004-06-20 Архипов Геннадий Викторович Катодный кожух алюминиевого электролизера
US20040149570A1 (en) * 2003-01-22 2004-08-05 Toyo Tanso Co., Ltd. Electrolytic apparatus for molten salt
EA010167B1 (ru) * 2004-10-21 2008-06-30 БиЭйчПи БИЛЛИТОН ИННОВЕЙШН ПТИ ЛТД. Внутреннее охлаждение электролизной плавильной ванны
RU2321682C2 (ru) 2006-05-23 2008-04-10 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Русская инжиниринговая компания" Катодное устройство алюминиевого электролизера

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