WO2023042325A1

WO2023042325A1 - Leaning vehicle

Info

Publication number: WO2023042325A1
Application number: PCT/JP2021/034048
Authority: WO
Inventors: 陽至日野; 昇代上田; 桂介井出; 圭哉藤森
Original assignee: ヤマハ発動機株式会社
Priority date: 2021-09-16
Filing date: 2021-09-16
Publication date: 2023-03-23
Also published as: WO2023042706A1

Abstract

A leaning vehicle according to the present invention has an idling stopping function, and enables an engine to be started in accordance with an operation and a condition similar to those for a vehicle that does not have an idling stopping function for the movement of an all-wheel ground contact type self-standing mechanism. In a control device in the present invention: an idling stopping control unit, by execution of an idling stopping restart process, causes an engine to be in an idling stopping state where the movement thereof is stopped, on the basis of an establishment of an idling stopping condition other than in the state of the all-wheel ground contact type self-standing mechanism, and causes the engine to be restarted on the basis of a detection result of operation by a clutch sensor in the idling stopping state; and a forced stop control unit, by execution of an engine forced stop start process as a process independent of the idling stopping restart process, forcibly stops the movement of the engine upon detection of the movement of the all-wheel ground contact type self-standing mechanism, and maintains the state of forcibly stopping the movement of the engine until at least the engine start switch is operated.

Description

lean vehicle

The present invention relates to lean vehicles.

A motorcycle having an idling stop function, for example, is known as a lean vehicle. For example, in the motorcycle disclosed in Patent Literature 1, when the number of rotations of the engine drops below a set value, the engine transitions from the operating state to the idling stop state. The engine in the idling stop state is restarted according to the operation of the clutch lever, for example.
The motorcycle shown in Patent Document 1 cannot be restarted in response to the operation of the clutch lever when the side stand as an all-wheel-grounding self-standing mechanism is deployed in the idling stop state.

JP 2016-156347 A

In a lean vehicle, it is desired that, while having an idling stop function, the engine is started under the same conditions and operations as those of a vehicle without an idling stop function with respect to the operation of the all-wheel-grounded independent mechanism.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a lean vehicle that has an idling stop function and can start the engine under the same conditions and operations as a vehicle that does not have an idling stop function with respect to the operation of the all-wheel-grounded independent mechanism. .

The inventors have studied the function of the stand of a lean vehicle. A stand is an example of a self-supporting mechanism that allows a stopped vehicle to stand on its own. The self-sustaining mechanism includes a non-all-wheel grounding self-supporting mechanism and an all-wheels grounding self-supporting mechanism.
A non-all-wheel-grounded self-standing mechanism is, for example, a main stand. When the main stand is deployed, some of the wheels of the lean vehicle leave the ground. In other words, the main stand allows the lean vehicle to stand on its own in a state where some of the wheels are off the ground.
The all-wheel-grounded self-standing mechanism is, for example, a side stand. The side stand can be deployed while maintaining a state in which all of the plurality of wheels provided in the lean vehicle are grounded. A side stand is often used as a simpler means than a main stand.

The inventor of the present invention focused on the relationship between the idling stop function including restarting by the clutch lever and the function of the all-wheel grounding self-sustaining mechanism.
For example, Patent Literature 1 describes that "restart control repeats the flow of FIG. 5 when the idling stop mode selection switch 67 is ON". FIG. 5 of Patent Document 1 shows restart control. The restart control shown in FIG. 5 is repeatedly executed. This is described in paragraph [0085] of Patent Document 1, "If the restart conditions (including the stand) are not satisfied (step S13 No), the restart control is terminated (previously executed). Return to step S11.".
In the technique of Patent Document 1, when the stand is deployed, the restart condition is no longer satisfied (No in step S13), and the restart control (step S14) based on clutch operation is not performed. However, the process returns to step S11, and the process of the flow of FIG. 5 of Patent Document 1 is repeated. When the stand is retracted during the repetition of this process, the restart condition is satisfied and the restart control (step S14) is performed based on the clutch operation. That is, restart control based on clutch operation is resumed.
Thus, in Patent Document 1, the state of the stand is included as a condition in the restart control. Therefore, the motorcycle of Patent Document 1 cannot start the engine by the same operation as a vehicle without an idling stop function.

The present inventors have considered independent implementation of the process of the idling stop function including restarting by means of the clutch lever and the process of supporting the side stand as an all-wheel-grounded independent mechanism. Due to the independently implemented process, once the side stand is deployed, the engine will not start until the engine start switch is operated. In other words, once the side stand is deployed, the engine will not start even if the side stand is retracted, for example, by operating the clutch lever. That is, once the stand is unfolded, the engine can be started by an operation similar to that of a vehicle that does not have an idling stop function, for example.
This can also be applied to a lean vehicle having an all-wheel-grounded self-standing mechanism other than the side stand.

In order to achieve the above objects, according to one aspect of the present invention, a lean vehicle has the following configuration.

(1) A lean vehicle constructed so as not to stand on its own only with a plurality of wheels that are in contact with the ground when traveling,
The lean vehicle is
the plurality of wheels;
an all-wheel-grounding self-standing mechanism configured to allow the vehicle body to stand on its own with the plurality of wheels in contact with the ground during operation, but not to allow the vehicle body to stand on its own when not in operation;
a detection device for detecting whether or not the all-wheel-grounded self-standing mechanism is operating;
an engine having a crankshaft through which power generated by combustion operation is output;
a clutch lever that operates the clutch in accordance with a rider's operation;
a clutch sensor that detects the operation of the clutch lever;
a starter-generator that drives the crankshaft when the engine is started and generates power by being driven by the crankshaft during combustion operation of the engine;
an engine start switch for starting the engine in response to an operation by the rider;
a controller for controlling the operation of the engine and the starter-generator, characterized by:
The control device includes an idling stop control unit that performs an idling stop restart process for idling stop and restart of the engine, and a control unit for stopping and starting the engine under conditions different from the idling stop and restart. a forced stop control unit that implements an engine forced stop start process,
By executing the idling stop restart process, the idling stop control unit puts the engine into an idling stop state in which operation is stopped based on the establishment of an idling stop condition other than the state of the all-wheel grounding self-supporting mechanism. and restarting the engine based on the detection result of the operation by the clutch sensor in the idling stop state,
The forced stop control unit performs the engine forced stop start process as a process independent of the idling stop restart process, thereby operating the engine when the operation of the all-wheel grounding independent mechanism is detected. is forcibly stopped, the forced stop state of the operation of the engine is maintained at least until the engine start switch is operated, and the engine is started based on at least the operation of the engine start switch. .

The lean vehicle of (1) includes a plurality of wheels, an all-wheel-grounded independent mechanism, a detection device, an engine, a clutch lever, a clutch sensor, a starter generator, an engine start switch, a control device, Prepare.
A plurality of wheels are provided on a vehicle body provided in the lean vehicle. The plurality of wheels includes drive wheels. The all-wheel-grounded self-standing mechanism is, for example, a side stand. The all-wheel grounding type self-standing mechanism is configured to make the vehicle body stand alone with a plurality of wheels grounded during operation. The all-wheel-grounded self-supporting mechanism does not allow the vehicle body to self-support when not in operation. An engine outputs power produced by combustion. Power is output through the crankshaft. A clutch provided in a lean vehicle cuts the transmission of power from the crankshaft to the drive wheels by operating. The clutch lever operates the clutch according to the rider's operation. The clutch sensor detects the operation of the clutch lever. The starter generator drives the crankshaft when the engine is started. The starter-generator is driven by the crankshaft to generate electricity during the combustion operation of the engine. The engine start switch is operated by the rider. The engine is configured to start in response to operation of an engine start switch.
A controller controls the operation of the engine and the starter-generator. The control device includes an idling stop control section and a forced stop control section.
The idling stop control unit implements an idling stop restart process. The idling stop restart process is a process for idling stop and restart of the engine. The idling stop control unit puts the engine into an idling stop state and restarts the engine by executing an idling stop restart process. In the idling stop restart process, the idling stop control unit puts the engine into an idling stop state in which the operation is stopped based on the establishment of the idling stop condition other than the state of the all-wheel-grounded independent mechanism. Further, in the idling stop restart process, the engine is restarted in the idling stop state based on the detection result of the operation by the clutch sensor.
The forced stop control section implements the engine forced stop start process. The forced engine stop start process is a process for stopping and starting the engine under conditions different from idling stop and restart. The forced stop control unit executes the engine forced stop start process independently from the idling stop restart process. The forced stop control section forcibly stops the operation of the engine and starts the engine by executing the forced engine stop start process.
In the engine forced stop start process, the forced stop control section forcibly stops the operation of the engine when the operation of the all-wheel-grounded independent mechanism is detected. The forced stop of the operation of the engine here may mean stopping the operation of the engine under any circumstances. Any situation referred to herein may include that an idling stop restart process is in progress. Forcibly stopping the operation of the engine may mean stopping the operation of the forced engine stop start process even during the execution of the idling stop restart process. In the engine forced stop start process, the forced stop control unit starts the forcibly stopped engine based on at least the operation of the engine start switch. In the forced engine stop start process, the forced stop control section maintains the forced stop state of the operation of the engine at least until the engine start switch is operated. It should be noted that there may be a case where the condition for forcibly stopping the engine is satisfied while the engine is stopped. Under the circumstances where the engine is stopped by the idling stop restart process, there may be cases where the conditions for the forced stop of the engine are satisfied. Also in this case, the engine may be forcibly stopped after the condition is established. The forced stop state of the engine thus generated may also be maintained at least until the engine start switch is operated.

The forced engine stop start process is performed independently of the idling stop restart process. For this reason, the engine enters the idling stop state based on the establishment of conditions other than the state of the all-wheel grounding type self-supporting mechanism, whereas the operation of the engine is forcibly stopped when the all-wheels grounding type self-supporting mechanism operates. be. Further, when the all-wheel-grounded self-supporting mechanism operates, the stopped state of the engine operation is maintained at least until the engine start switch is operated. Therefore, once the all-wheel grounding type self-supporting mechanism operates, even if the operation of the all-wheels grounding type self-supporting mechanism stops after that, the operation of the clutch lever will not start the engine. That is, after the all-wheel-grounding self-standing mechanism operates, the engine does not start until at least the engine start switch is operated. After the all-wheel-grounded self-standing mechanism operates, for example, when the engine start switch is operated, the engine starts.
In this way, the engine of the lean vehicle in (1) has, for example, an idling stop function, including the state in which the operation of the all-wheel-grounded self-supporting mechanism is stopped, once the all-wheel-grounding self-supporting mechanism operates. It can be started by the same operation as a vehicle that does not. Therefore, while having the idling stop function, the engine can be started under the same conditions and operation as those of a vehicle without the idling stop function.

According to one aspect of the present invention, a lean vehicle can employ the following configuration.
(2) The lean vehicle of (1),
The plurality of wheels includes drive wheels that drive the lean vehicle by output from the engine;
The forced stop control unit performs the engine forced stop start process to forcibly stop the operation of the engine when the operation of the all-wheel-grounded independent mechanism is detected, and The operation of the engine is maintained in a stopped state until the operation of the all-wheel grounding self-supporting mechanism is stopped and the engine start switch is operated in a state in which the transmission of output to the drive wheels is cut off, and the engine is driven by the engine. The engine is started based on the simultaneous establishment of both the stop of the operation of the all-wheel-grounding self-supporting mechanism and the operation of the engine start switch in a state in which the transmission of power to the wheels is cut off.

According to the lean vehicle of (2), power transmission from the engine to the drive wheels is cut off when the engine is started. Therefore, the resistance that the engine receives from the driving wheels when starting the engine is suppressed. Therefore, according to the lean vehicle of (2), the engine can be started in a short period of time under the same conditions and operation as the vehicle without the idling stop function, compared to the case without such a configuration. .

According to one aspect of the present invention, a lean vehicle can employ the following configuration.
(3) The lean vehicle of (1) or (2),
The all-wheel grounding type self-standing mechanism is a side stand that operates by being deployed,
By implementing the idling stop restart process, the idling stop control unit puts the engine in the idling stop state in which the operation is stopped based on the establishment of the idling stop condition other than the state of the side stand, and the restarting the engine based on the detection result of the operation by the clutch sensor in an idling stop state;
The forced stop control unit executes the engine forced stop start process to forcibly stop the operation of the engine when the deployment of the side stand is detected, and at least the engine start switch is operated. The stopped state of the operation of the engine is maintained until , and the engine is started based on at least the operation of the engine start switch.

(3) The all-wheel-grounded independent mechanism in the lean vehicle is a side stand. The side stand allows the vehicle body to stand on its own when unfolded. That is, the side stand operates as an all-wheel-grounded self-standing mechanism. By retracting the side stand, the self-sustainability of the vehicle body by the side stand is terminated. That is, the side stand stops operating as an all-wheel-grounded self-standing mechanism. The engine will not start until at least the engine start switch is operated. For example, after the side stand is deployed, the engine starts when the engine start switch is operated with the side stand retracted.
Therefore, once the side stand is deployed, the engine of the lean vehicle in (3) can be started by the same operation as a vehicle without an idling stop function, including the state where the side stand is retracted. Therefore, while having the idling stop function, the engine can be started under the same conditions and operation as those of a vehicle without the idling stop function.

According to one aspect of the present invention, a lean vehicle can employ the following configuration.
(4) A lean vehicle according to any one of (1) to (3),
The lean vehicle includes an accelerator grip that outputs an acceleration request for the lean vehicle by operation,
The idling stop control unit implements the idling stop restart process, and the idling stop state in which the operation of the engine is stopped based on the establishment of the idling stop condition other than the state of the all-wheel grounding self-supporting mechanism. and restarting the engine when the accelerator grip does not output the acceleration request and the clutch sensor outputs an operation detection result,
The forced stop control unit performs the forced engine stop start process to forcibly stop the operation of the engine when the operation of the all-wheel-grounded independent mechanism is detected, and at least the engine start. The stopped state of the operation of the engine is maintained until the switch is operated, and the engine is started based on at least the operation of the engine start switch.

In the lean vehicle of (4), the engine is restarted when the acceleration request is not output from the accelerator grip and the clutch sensor outputs the operation detection result. According to the lean vehicle of (4), it is possible to suppress a sudden increase in the rotational speed after the engine is restarted.

According to one aspect of the present invention, a lean vehicle can employ the following configuration.
(5) A lean vehicle according to any one of (1) to (4),
The engine comprises a crankcase housing the crankshaft,
The starter-generator is mounted within the crankcase and lubricated with oil.

According to the lean vehicle of (5), the starter generator is cooled with oil. Therefore, it is possible to omit the mounting of cooling fans and fins for the starter generator. Also, a wall for partitioning the arrangement space of the starter generator and the arrangement space of the crankshaft can be omitted. Since the starter generator has the function of driving the crankshaft when the engine is started, it tends to be larger than a generator dedicated to power generation. However, according to the configuration of (5), an increase in size of the unit including the generator and the engine is suppressed. For this reason, according to the configuration of (5), while suppressing the size increase of the vehicle that does not have the starter generator and the idling stop function, the starter generator also has the same conditions and operation as the vehicle that does not have the idling stop function. You can start the engine.

According to one aspect of the present invention, a lean vehicle can employ the following configuration.
(6) A lean vehicle according to any one of (1) to (5),
The control device includes a switching element that controls current flowing through the starter generator,
The starter generator includes a stator core including slots and a plurality of teeth alternately arranged in a circumferential direction, and a current supplied through the switching element wound around the teeth, and the generated current is supplied to the switching element. A stator having multi-phase windings for supplying elements, and a rotor arranged in the circumferential direction with an air gap from the stator and having magnetic pole portions larger than 2/3 of the number of the slots.

According to the lean vehicle of (6), the angular velocity based on the electrical angle period in which the tooth passes through the pole pair formed by the magnetic pole is equal to or less than 2/3 of the number of slots, for example. Large compared to configuration. Thus, the impedance of the windings is greater than in configurations with pole pieces equal to or less than, for example, 2/3 the number of slots. Therefore, after the engine is restarted, the generated current is suppressed by the higher impedance of the windings in the rotation speed region where the starter-generator functions as a generator. Therefore, the current supplied to the switching element is suppressed during power generation. Therefore, in the lean vehicle of (6), the structure for heat dissipation in the control device can be simplified and the size can be reduced. Therefore, according to the configuration of (6), the starter generator also suppresses the enlargement of the vehicle that does not have the idling stop function, and the starter generator also has the same conditions and operation as the vehicle that does not have the idling stop function. can be started.

According to one aspect of the present invention, a lean vehicle can employ the following configuration.
(7) A lean vehicle according to any one of (1) to (6),
The starter-generator has a stator fixed in position with respect to the engine and having windings, and a permanent magnet provided with an air gap with respect to the stator. a rotor provided in
The engine outputs a signal indicating detection of the position of the rotor to the control device when the engine is restarted based on a detection result of operation by the clutch sensor or operation of the engine start switch. It further comprises a rotor position sensing device having a sensing winding different from the windings.

According to the lean vehicle of (7), the rotor position detection device outputs a signal indicating detection of the rotor position by the detection winding. Therefore, the rotor position detection device can operate at a higher temperature than, for example, a Hall element. Therefore, the structure for heat insulation in the unit including the starter generator and the engine can be simplified and miniaturized. Therefore, according to the configuration of (7), the starter generator also suppresses the enlargement of the vehicle that does not have the idling stop function, and the starter generator also has the same conditions and operation as the vehicle that does not have the idling stop function. can be started.

According to one aspect of the present invention, a lean vehicle can employ the following configuration.
(8) A lean vehicle according to any one of (1) to (7),
At least one of the plurality of wheels is a drive wheel that receives power output from the engine and drives the lean vehicle,
The lean vehicle includes a multi-stage transmission that changes a gear ratio between the engine and the drive wheels in multiple stages including a neutral state,
By executing the idling stop restart process, the idling stop control unit detects the clutch sensor in the idling stop state, whether the multi-speed transmission is in the neutral state or not in the neutral state. restarting the engine based on the results;
The forced stop control unit performs the forced engine stop start process to forcibly stop the operation of the engine when the operation of the all-wheel-grounded independent mechanism is detected, and at least the engine start. The stopped state of the operation of the engine is maintained until the switch is operated, and the engine is started based on at least the operation of the engine start switch.

In the lean vehicle of (8), the engine is restarted based on the detection result of the clutch sensor regardless of whether the multi-speed transmission is in the neutral state or not in the idling stop state. As a result, the lean vehicle of (8) simplifies the operation from the idling stop state to the start of the lean vehicle, and once the all-wheel grounding type self-supporting mechanism operates, the operation of the all-wheels grounding self-supporting mechanism stops thereafter. For example, the engine can be started by the same operation as a vehicle without an idling stop function.

According to one aspect of the present invention, a lean vehicle can employ the following configuration.
(9) A lean vehicle according to any one of (1) to (8),
The lean vehicle includes an idling stop switch that stops the engine in response to an operation by a rider,
When the multi-speed transmission is in a non-neutral state, the control device switches the engine to the idling stop state when the clutch sensor detects the operation of the clutch lever and when the idling stop switch is operated. do.

According to the lean vehicle of (9), when the multi-speed transmission is in the non-neutral state, the clutch sensor detects the operation of the clutch lever, and the engine is stopped when the idling stop switch is operated by the rider. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the engine from stopping when the clutch lever is operated to change gears, for example.

According to one aspect of the present invention, a lean vehicle can employ the following configuration.
(10) A lean vehicle according to any one of (1) to (8),
By executing the idling stop restart process, the idling stop control unit stops the operation of the clutch lever when the lean vehicle is stopped and the multi-speed transmission is in a neutral state. stop the engine and
The forced stop control unit performs the forced engine stop start process to forcibly stop the operation of the engine when the operation of the all-wheel-grounded independent mechanism is detected, and at least the engine start. The stopped state of the operation of the engine is maintained until the switch is operated, and the engine is started based on at least the operation of the engine start switch.

According to the lean vehicle of (10), when the lean vehicle stops and the multi-speed transmission is in the neutral state, the engine stops without operating the clutch lever. Therefore, according to the lean vehicle of (10), the operation for the idling stop state can be simplified, and once the all-wheel grounding type self-supporting mechanism operates, the operation of the all-wheels grounding self-supporting mechanism is stopped thereafter. It can be started by the same operation as a vehicle that does not have an idling stop function, for example. Therefore, while having the idling stop function with a simpler operation, the engine can be started under the same conditions and operation as those of a vehicle without the idling stop function when the all-wheel-grounded independent mechanism operates.

According to one aspect of the present invention, a lean vehicle can employ the following configuration.
(11) A lean vehicle according to any one of (1) to (10),
A display device that indicates the idling stop state and an idling stop preparation state in which an idling stop preparation condition that allows transition to the idling stop state is satisfied,
The idling stop control unit performs the idling stop restart process, and when the idling stop preparation condition is satisfied during operation of the engine, causes the display device to display that the preparation state is in place, and When an idling stop condition other than the state of the all-wheel grounding self-supporting mechanism is satisfied, displaying that the idling stop state is in effect,
The forced stop control section forcibly stops the display on the display device by executing the forced engine stop start process, when the operation of the all-wheel-grounded independent mechanism is detected.

According to the lean vehicle of (11), the idling stop state, the idling stop preparation state, and other states are reported in different manners. This makes it easy to identify whether the engine is in an idling stop state, a preparatory state, or a stopped state due to the operation of the all-wheel-grounded self-standing mechanism.

The terminology used in this specification is for the purpose of defining specific examples only and is not intended to limit the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed constructs. As used herein, the use of the terms "including," "comprising," or "having," and variations thereof, refers to the described features, steps, operations, While specifying the presence of elements, components and/or their equivalents, it may include one or more of steps, actions, elements, components and/or groups thereof. As used herein, the terms "attached", "connected", "coupled" and/or their equivalents are used broadly to refer to direct and indirect attachment, connection and includes both bindings. Furthermore, "connected" and "coupled" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections or couplings, but can include direct or indirect electrical connections or couplings. Unless defined otherwise, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Terms such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries are to be construed to have a meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and this disclosure, and are not expressly defined herein. not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless explicitly stated. In describing the present invention, it is understood that numerous techniques and processes are disclosed. Each of these has individual benefits, and each can also be used with one or more, or possibly all, of the other disclosed techniques. Therefore, for the sake of clarity, this description refrains from unnecessarily repeating all possible combinations of the individual steps. Nevertheless, the specification and claims should be read with the understanding that all such combinations are within the scope of the invention and claims.

This specification describes a new lean vehicle. In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the invention. However, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. This disclosure should be considered exemplary of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention to the specific embodiments illustrated by the following drawings or description.

A lean vehicle is configured to be able to turn in a lean posture. A lean vehicle is configured, for example, to turn in a tilted attitude toward the inside of a curve. That is, the lean vehicle is configured to lean in the front-rear direction including the traveling direction and in the left-right direction that intersects the vertical direction. This allows the lean vehicle to counteract the centrifugal force applied to the vehicle during turns. Lean vehicles are required to be compact so that they can lean easily when turning. A lean vehicle usually has the property of self-steering. For example, a steering wheel provided in a lean vehicle has a characteristic of turning in the leaning direction of left and right. As a result, the lateral movement of the vehicle body during running follows the movement of the center of gravity caused by leaning. For this reason, the lean vehicle that is running tends to maintain the self-sustaining state. On the other hand, when the lean vehicle is stopped, the lean vehicle cannot maintain the self-supporting state without the operation of the self-supporting device. A lean vehicle is provided with a self-supporting mechanism in order to stand on its own when the vehicle is stopped. Note that the lean vehicle is configured not to stand on its own, for example, only with a plurality of wheels, at least when the all-wheel-grounded self-supporting mechanism is not in operation. The lean vehicle may, for example, be configured so as not to stand on its own with only a plurality of wheels even when the all-wheel-grounded self-supporting mechanism is in operation. In this case, the all-wheel-grounded self-standing mechanism is, for example, a side stand. Also, the lean vehicle may be configured to stand on its own by only a plurality of wheels, for example, when the all-wheel-grounded self-supporting mechanism is in operation.
A lean vehicle is included in a straddle-type vehicle. A straddled vehicle is a vehicle in which the rider sits astride a saddle.
Examples of lean vehicles include scooter, moped, off-road, and on-road motorcycles. Also, the lean vehicle is not limited to a motorcycle, and may be, for example, a tricycle. A motor tricycle may have two front wheels and one rear wheel, or may have one front wheel and two rear wheels. The driving wheels of the lean vehicle may be the rear wheels or the front wheels.
A so-called trike, which is a saddle-riding vehicle with three wheels, does not lean. An ATV (All-Terrain Vehicle) is a straddle-type vehicle, but does not lean. Lean vehicles therefore do not include either trikes or ATVs.

"A plurality of wheels that are in contact with the ground during running" includes driving wheels. "A plurality of wheels that touch the ground when running" may include non-driving wheels. For example, motorcycles typically have two wheels that touch the ground when running. A motorized tricycle has three wheels that touch the ground when running. The plurality of wheels includes drive wheels that drive the lean vehicle with power from the engine. Note that all of the plurality of wheels may be driving wheels.
A "lean vehicle configured not to stand on its own only with a plurality of wheels" does not stand on its own while stopped without support from a stand-alone mechanism different from the wheels and support from a rider, for example. A "lean vehicle configured not to stand on its own with only a plurality of wheels" is, for example, a lean vehicle that does not stand on its own while at a stop only with a plurality of wheels. For example, motorcycles are usually not self-supporting while parked due to only two wheels. Lean vehicles with more than two wheels also typically do not stand on their own while parked with only three wheels.
In contrast, for example, a trike having three wheels will stand on its own while parked on only three wheels, with no support from a stand-up mechanism separate from the wheels and no support from the rider. A "lean vehicle configured not to be self-supporting by only a plurality of wheels" does not include, for example, trikes.
The self-supporting mechanism includes an all-wheel-grounded self-supporting mechanism and a non-all-wheels-grounding self-supporting mechanism. Both the all-wheel grounding type self-supporting mechanism and the non-all-wheels grounding type self-supporting mechanism are capable of switching between an operating state in which the vehicle body is self-supporting and a non-operating state in which the vehicle body is not self-supported. The inactive state is a state in which motion has ceased. Both the all-wheel-grounded self-supporting mechanism and the non-all-wheel-grounding self-supporting mechanism can be switched between an operating state and a non-operating state according to operation.
The non-all-wheel-grounding self-standing mechanism is configured to make the vehicle body self-sustaining in a state in which at least one of the plurality of wheels of the lean vehicle does not touch the ground. A non-all-wheel-grounded self-standing mechanism is, for example, a main stand.
The all-wheel grounding self-standing mechanism is configured to make the vehicle stand on its own with all wheels grounded. The all-wheel-grounded self-standing mechanism is, for example, a side stand. The main stand is not included in the all-wheel-grounded self-standing mechanism. When the side stand as an all-wheel-grounded self-standing mechanism operates, the vehicle body is supported by all the wheels and the all-wheel-grounded self-standing mechanism itself and stands on its own.
The all-wheel-grounded self-standing mechanism is not limited to the side stand. The all-wheel-grounded self-sustaining mechanism may be, for example, a tilt lock mechanism that is provided in a tricycle and that operates according to operation. When the tilt lock mechanism operates, the vehicle body is supported only by all wheels with respect to the ground and stands on its own.
All wheels are grounded in both the active and inactive states of the all-wheel-grounded self-supporting mechanism. For this reason, the switching operation between the operating state and the non-operating state in the all-wheel grounding self-standing mechanism can be performed while all the wheels are grounded. Therefore, the operation of the all-wheel-grounded self-supporting mechanism is easier than the operation of the non-all-wheel-grounded self-supporting mechanism.
Note that the lean vehicle may include both the all-wheel-grounded self-supporting mechanism and the non-all-wheel-grounding self-supporting mechanism, or may include only the all-wheel-grounding self-supporting mechanism.

The detection device is configured to detect whether or not the all-wheel-grounded self-standing mechanism is operating. When the all-wheel-grounding self-standing mechanism is a side stand, examples of the detection device include a side stand position sensor or a tilt lock sensor that detects the deployed state or retracted state of the side stand. The unfolded state is a state in which the side stand operates. The stowed state is a non-operating state in which the operation of the side stand is stopped. The side stand is put into the operative state by, for example, receiving the operation of the rider's foot and being unfolded from the stowed state.

The engine is an internal combustion engine. The engine outputs, for example, the power produced by the combustion of a fuel-air mixture as torque and rotational speed of the crankshaft.
The engine is, for example, a 4-stroke engine. An engine, for example, has a high load region and a low load region during four strokes. The high load region refers to a region in one combustion cycle of the engine in which the load torque is higher than the average value of the load torque in one combustion cycle. The low load range refers to a range other than the high load range in one combustion cycle. Taking the rotation angle of the crankshaft as a reference, the low load range is wider than, for example, the high load range. The compression stroke has a high load region and an overlap. A four-stroke engine having a high-load region and a low-load region is, for example, a single-cylinder engine, a two-cylinder engine, a three-cylinder unequal-combustion engine, or a four-cylinder unequal-combustion engine.
However, the engine may be, for example, a four-stroke engine that does not have a high load region and a low load region between four strokes.

The clutch switches connection and disconnection of power transmission from the crankshaft to the drive wheels. That is, the clutch switches between a connected state and a disconnected state of the output from the crankshaft of the engine. The clutch switches between a connected state and a disconnected state according to the rider's operation. More specifically, the clutch lever is directly operated by the rider. The clutch switches between a connected state and a disconnected state according to the operation of the clutch lever received from the rider. More specifically, when the clutch lever is operated, the clutch operates and becomes disengaged. When the operation of the clutch lever stops, the clutch is engaged. A clutch lever is provided on a handlebar provided in a lean vehicle and is operated by a rider's hand. The operation of the clutch lever is, for example, the operation of the rider pulling the clutch lever rearward in a lean vehicle. Stopping the operation of the clutch lever is, for example, the return of the clutch lever forward by the rider reducing or stopping the clutch lever pull.
The clutch sensor detects, for example, whether or not the clutch lever has been operated. The clutch sensor detects the operation of the clutch lever by directly detecting the position of the clutch lever. The clutch sensor is not particularly limited, and may be provided in the clutch, for example. The clutch sensor may detect the position of a clutch component that moves as the clutch lever is operated.

The idling stop control unit implements an idling stop restart process. The idling stop restart process is a process for idling stop and restart.
The idling stop control unit puts the engine into an idling stop state based on the establishment of an idling stop condition other than the state of the all-wheel-grounded self-supporting mechanism.
The idling stop of the engine is to stop the combustion operation of the engine due to the establishment of the idling stop condition. The idling stop condition is, for example, any one or a combination of the following conditions (A) to (E).
(A) The throttle opening is fully closed or substantially fully closed.
(B) The lean vehicle is stationary.
(C) Operation of the clutch lever stopped while the multi-speed transmission was in the neutral state.
(D) The idling stop switch has been operated.
(E) The multi-speed transmission was not in neutral and the clutch lever was operated.
The idling stop conditions may include conditions other than the above conditions (A) to (E). Also, some of the conditions (A) to (E) can be set as conditions for a ready state in which idling stop is possible, and other parts can be divided into the operation of stopping the engine.

Restarting the engine means starting the engine in an idling stop state when a predetermined restart condition is satisfied.
The restart condition is, for example, operation of the clutch lever. The restart condition may include conditions other than the operation of the clutch lever. The restart condition is, for example, that the accelerator grip does not output an acceleration request and the clutch sensor is operated.

A process operates in response to input data. As processes, the engine forced stop start process and the idling stop restart process each have a data input function and a control data output function. Each process also has a process flow or data. By having a flow, for example after initialization of the controller, there is a delay in units of operating clocks from the first valid data input to the output of data reflecting the input data.
The forced engine stop start process is performed independently of the idling stop restart process. For example, the process flow of the engine forced stop start process itself is executed without being affected by the result of the process in the idling stop restart process.
For example, if the flow of processing in the engine forced stop start process in the forced stop control unit changes according to the output contents of the idling stop restart process in the idling stop control unit, the engine forced stop start process is performed by the idling stop restart It can be said that it is not performed independently from the start-up process.
For example, when the engine forced stop start process and the idling stop restart process that are independent of each other are implemented as programs, a program of the engine forced stop start process may include only jump instructions, branch instructions, or subroutine instructions in this program. does not transition to the idling stop restart process program.

The forced engine stop start process and the idling stop restart process are implemented, for example, by hardware independent of each other. In other words, the idling stop control section and the forced stop control section are configured by independent hardware. For example, the idling stop restart process is implemented by a computer as an idling stop controller having a processor and a program.
For example, the forced stop control section is realized by wired logic different from the idling stop control section. The hardware of the forced stop control unit and the idling stop control unit may be configured by electric circuits provided in different regions of a common circuit board. In this case, the hardware of the forced stop control unit and the hardware of the idling stop control unit are connected and integrated with each other. In this case, the hardware of the forced stop control unit and the hardware of the idling stop control unit share part of the hardware such as the power supply circuit.
The hardware configuration of the control device is not particularly limited, and for example, the forced stop control section may be implemented as a relay circuit configured by an electromagnetic relay and a diode. Further, for example, the hardware of the forced stop control section and the hardware of the idling stop control section may be separated from each other.
Furthermore, the forced engine stop start process and the idling stop restart process may be independent software processes (tasks) executed by a common processor, for example. Process independence is not limited to hardware independence. For example, a single processor executes an operating system program capable of controlling multiple processes. In this case, the operating system program may operate the above two processes as child processes sequentially by time division or task division. That is, the idling stop control section and the forced stop control section are configured by common hardware that executes different programs. Again, the forced engine stop start process is independent of the idle stop restart process. That is, the processing flow of the engine forced stop start process is not affected by the processing result of the idling stop restart process. For example, while the idling stop restart process program is being executed, the engine forced stop start process program is not executed without intervention of the operating system program such as task switch. Conversely, for example, while the program for the forced engine stop start process is being executed, the program for the idling stop restart process is not executed without the intervention of the operating system program.

The operation of the engine start switch means, for example, that the rider displaces the engine start switch.
The engine start switch is, for example, a switch different from an operation target for starting a lean vehicle. The engine start switch is, for example, a switch that has a function exclusively for starting the engine. For example, even if a clutch lever operated to start a lean vehicle has a function to restart the engine, this clutch lever is not an engine start switch. A clutch lever originally has a function for starting a lean vehicle. In the idling stop, the operating means for starting the lean vehicle has a function for starting the engine, so that the starting operation is possible regardless of the state of the engine. On the other hand, the operation of the engine start switch is different from the operation for starting the lean vehicle.
The operation of the idling stop switch means, for example, that the rider displaces the idling stop switch.
The idling stop switch is a switch for stopping the engine operating in the idling stop preparation state.

Maintaining the forced stop state of the engine operation at least until the engine start switch is operated means that the forced stop state of the engine operation is not released until the engine start switch is operated. For example, even if the operation of the all-wheel-grounding self-sustaining mechanism is stopped and the clutch lever is operated, the forced stop state of the operation of the engine is not released. Maintaining the forced stop state of the engine operation at least until the engine start switch is operated means, for example, the forced stop state of the engine operation by a combination of operation of the engine start switch and conditions other than this operation. including releasing the If at least the engine start switch is operated as a condition for canceling the forcibly stopped state of the operation of the engine, for example, (a) the operation of the all-wheel-grounding self-supporting mechanism is stopped and the clutch lever is The fact that it is being operated and the state that the engine start switch is being operated overlap in terms of time. Further, at least the engine start switch being operated means, for example, that (b) the multi-speed transmission is in the neutral state and the state in which the engine start switch is operated overlaps in terms of time. Further, the fact that at least the engine start switch is operated means that either (a) or (b) above is satisfied.

"The state in which the transmission of the output from the engine to the drive wheels is disconnected" is, for example, the case where the multi-speed transmission is in the neutral state or the clutch is in the power disconnected state.

Starting the engine based on at least the operation of the engine start switch includes, for example, starting the engine upon operation of the engine start switch and establishment of other conditions. As a condition for starting the engine, at least the operation of the engine start switch may be equal to, for example, the above-described condition for canceling the forcible stop state of the operation of the engine.

A lean vehicle, for example, is equipped with a multi-speed transmission that converts the speed of the output from the engine and transmits it to the drive wheels. The multi-stage transmission is configured to change the gear ratio in multiple stages according to the operation of the shift pedal. The multi-speed transmission is, for example, a manual multi-speed transmission.

A lean vehicle is equipped with, for example, a lamp as a display device. The display device is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, a device with a displaceable indicator or a device that emits sound.

The rotor has more magnetic pole pieces than 2/3 of the number of slots. For example, the rotor has more pole pieces than slots. In this case, a larger inductance is obtained. For example, the rotor has 4/3 or more pole pieces than the number of slots. In this case, a larger inductance can be obtained while suppressing complication of control. However, the rotor is not particularly limited, and may have, for example, 2/3 the number of slots or fewer magnetic pole portions.

According to the present invention, while having an idling stop function in a lean vehicle, it is possible to start the engine under the same conditions and operations as in a vehicle that does not have an idling stop function with respect to the operation of the all-wheel-grounded independent mechanism.

1 is a diagram showing the configuration of a lean vehicle according to a first embodiment; FIG. FIG. 2 is a state transition diagram showing state transitions and a hierarchical structure relating to stop and start of the engine of the lean vehicle shown in FIG. 1 ; It is a figure which shows the display apparatus in the 1st application example of the lean vehicle of 1st Embodiment. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an all-wheel-grounded self-standing mechanism in a second application example of the lean vehicle of the first embodiment; FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a schematic structure of an engine 10 and its peripheral devices in a third application example of the lean vehicle 1 of the first embodiment; 8 is a chart showing the configuration and process of a lean vehicle control device according to a second embodiment;

Hereinafter, embodiments will be described with reference to the drawings.

[First embodiment]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the configuration of a lean vehicle 1 according to the first embodiment. Part (a) of FIG. 1 is a side view schematically showing the lean vehicle 1. FIG. Part (b) of FIG. 1 is an enlarged view showing a part of the lean vehicle 1 . Part (c) of FIG. 1 is a chart showing the process of the control device 60 of the lean vehicle 1 .

The lean vehicle 1 shown in FIG. 1 is configured to turn in a tilted posture toward the inside of a curve when traveling. The lean vehicle 1 is, for example, a motorcycle. The lean vehicle 1 includes a vehicle body 1</b>A, a plurality of

wheels

14 and 15 , a clutch 25 , a clutch lever 122 , a clutch sensor 123 , an all-wheel-grounded independent mechanism 101 , and a detection device 102 . The lean vehicle 1 also includes an engine 10 , a starter generator 20 , an engine start switch 121 , a control device 60 , an accelerator grip 124 and an idling stop switch 125 . The clutch lever 122 , the engine start switch 121 and the accelerator grip 124 are provided on the handlebar 12 .
The lean vehicle 1 comprises two

wheels

14,15. Wheel 14 is the front wheel. Wheel 15 is the rear wheel. The wheels 15 function as drive wheels that drive the lean vehicle 1 by the output from the engine 10 . That is, the

wheels

14, 15 include drive wheels. The wheels 15 are hereinafter also referred to as drive wheels 15 . Both of the plurality of

wheels

14, 15 are grounded during running. The lean vehicle 1 is configured so as not to stand on its own due to only the plurality of

wheels

14 and 15 when the vehicle is stopped.

The engine 10 outputs power generated by combustion. The engine 10 has a crankshaft 11 . The engine 10 outputs power as rotational force of the crankshaft 11 .
The clutch 25 switches between a connected state in which the rotational force of the crankshaft 11 is transmitted to the drive wheels 15 and a disconnected state in which the rotational force is interrupted, depending on the operation. Clutch 25 operates according to the operation of clutch lever 122 . The clutch lever 122 is directly operated by a rider riding in the lean vehicle 1 . More specifically, when the clutch lever 122 is operated, the clutch 25 operates and becomes disengaged. The operation of the clutch lever 122 is an operation of pulling the clutch lever 122 toward the rear of the lean vehicle 1 by the rider. Stopping the operation of the clutch lever 122 is, for example, returning the clutch lever 122 forward by reducing or stopping the pulling force of the clutch lever 122 by the rider. When the operation of the clutch lever 122 is stopped, the clutch 25 is in the engaged state. Clutch sensor 123 detects an operation on clutch lever 122 .
The engine start switch 121 is a switch for starting the engine 10 according to the operation by the rider.
The idling stop switch 125 is a switch for putting the engine 10 into an idling stop state according to the operation by the rider. When the idling stop preparation condition is satisfied and the idling stop switch 125 is operated, the engine 10 is stopped.
The accelerator grip 124 is operated by the rider. The accelerator grip 124 outputs an acceleration request for the lean vehicle 1 by operation. The output power of the engine 10 is increased by outputting an acceleration request according to the operation of the accelerator grip 124 .

The all-wheel-grounded self-supporting mechanism 101 during operation makes the vehicle body 1A of the lean vehicle 1 self-supporting when the vehicle is stopped. At this time, all of the plurality of

wheels

14 and 15 that were grounded during running are grounded. The all-wheel grounding type self-supporting mechanism 101 when not in operation does not allow the vehicle body 1A to stand on its own.
The all-wheel-grounded self-standing mechanism 101 is, for example, a side stand. The unfolded state of the side stand corresponds to the operating state of the all-wheel-grounding self-standing mechanism 101 . The retracted state of the side stand corresponds to a state in which the operation of the all-wheel-grounding self-standing mechanism 101 is stopped, that is, a non-operating state.
The detection device 102 detects whether or not the all-wheel grounding self-standing mechanism 101 is operating. The detection device 102 detects, for example, the unfolded state of the side stand as the all-wheel-grounding self-standing mechanism 101 .

The starter generator 20 drives the crankshaft 11 when the engine 10 is started. Further, the starter generator 20 is driven by the crankshaft 11 to generate electric power when the engine 10 is in combustion operation. The starter/generator 20 is connected to the crankshaft 11 without, for example, a clutch mechanism. The starter-generator 20 rotates, for example, at a speed that is a fixed ratio of the speed of the crankshaft 11 . The starter generator 20 is directly connected to the crankshaft 11 . However, a configuration in which the starter generator 20 is connected to the crankshaft 11 via a power transmission member can also be adopted.

The lean vehicle 1 includes a display device 51. The display device 51 shows three states regarding idling stop. A first state is an idling stop state of the engine 10 . The second state is a state in which the idling stop preparation condition is met while the engine 10 is operating (idling stop preparation state). The third state indicates another state, that is, a state in which the idling stop preparation condition is not established and the idling stop state is not established.

Control device 60 controls the operation of engine 10 . The control device 60 controls the output from the crankshaft 11 of the engine 10 by controlling the combustion operation of the engine 10 . The control device 60 also includes a switching element 65 . The switching element 65 controls the current flowing through the starter/generator 20 by turning on and off. More specifically, switching element 65 controls the current through winding 224 (see FIG. 5) of starter-generator 20 . The control device 60 rotates the crankshaft 11 by causing the switching element 65 to supply current to the starter/generator 20 . Thereby, the control device 60 controls starting and stopping of the engine 10 .
The control device 60 includes an idling stop control section 61 (IS control section 61 ) and a forced stop control section 62 .
The idling stop control unit 61 carries out an idling stop restart process 61a. The idling stop/restart process 61 a is a process of stopping and restarting the engine 10 . The idling stop restart process 61a changes the state of the engine 10 to the idling stop state based on the establishment of the idling stop condition other than the state of the all-wheel-grounded independent mechanism 101 . The idling stop state is a state in which the operation of the engine 10 is stopped. The idling stop state is a state in which the engine 10 can be started by an operation other than the operation of the engine start switch 121 . Further, the idling stop restart process 61a restarts the engine 10 based on the detection result of the operation by the clutch sensor 123 in the idling stop state.
The idling stop control unit 61 is composed of a computer having a processor and a program (not shown). The idling stop restart process 61a is a process implemented by executing a program.

The forced stop control section 62 implements an engine forced stop start process 62a. The engine forced stop start process 62a stops and starts the engine 10 under conditions different from idling stop and restart. The engine forced stop start process 62a is a process independent of the idling stop restart process 61a.
The forced stop control unit 62 in FIG. 1 is configured by wired logic. The forced stop control unit 62 has neither a processor nor a program. The engine forced stop start process 62a is a process in which input data is processed and output by each logic gate of wired logic.
The engine forced stop start process 62a forcibly stops the operation of the engine 10 by outputting forced stop state data. For example, data for a forced stop condition stops fuel injection or ignition of the engine 10 . The engine forcible stop start process 62a forcibly stops the operation of the engine 10 when the operation of the all-wheel-grounded independent mechanism 101 is detected. The forced engine stop start process 62a starts the engine 10 at least based on the operation of the engine start switch 121. FIG. The forced engine stop start process 62a maintains the stopped state of the operation of the engine 10 at least until the engine start switch 121 is operated.

FIG. 2 is a state transition diagram showing state transitions and a hierarchical structure relating to the stop and start of the engine 10 of the lean vehicle 1 shown in FIG. Ellipses in FIG. 2 indicate respective states, arrows indicate state transitions, and rectangles indicate operations associated with the transitions. Also, transition conditions are shown beside the arrows.

The lean vehicle 1 has various states related to the operation of the engine 10 and braking (not shown). Various states can be divided into groups M1 to M4. One group is composed of states having relationships of mutual transition according to conditions.
Group M1 of basic control states of engine 10 relates to basic stop and start states of engine 10 . A group M1 of basic control states of the engine 10 includes an engine operable state m11 and an engine operable state m12. When the all-wheel-grounded self-standing mechanism 101 operates, the operation of the engine 10 is forcibly stopped. The state transitions to the engine inoperable state m12. In the engine inoperable state m12, the engine 10 is started on condition that at least the engine start switch 121 is operated. Conditions other than the operation of the engine start switch 121 may be added to the starting of the engine 10 . Then, the state transitions to the engine operation permissible state m11. In the engine operation permissible state m11, the engine 10 performs combustion operation.
In the engine operation disabled state m12, the state does not transition to the engine operation permitted state m11 simply by stopping the operation of the all-wheel-grounding self-supporting mechanism 101. FIG. In other words, once the all-wheel-grounding self-standing mechanism 101 operates, it does not transition to the engine operation permissible state m11 until at least the engine start switch 121 is operated.
Note that the engine operation permissible state m11 also includes a state in which the engine 10 is not operating. In other words, the engine 10 may stop in the engine operation permissible state m11 in which the all-wheel-grounding self-standing mechanism 101 does not operate. For example, the engine 10 may stop due to an engine stall caused by the operation timing of the clutch lever 122 or an operation of an engine kill switch (not shown).

The idling stop control state group M3 includes an engine operating state m31 and an idling stop state m32. When the idling stop condition is satisfied in the engine operating state m31, the engine 10 is stopped. The state becomes the idling stop state m32.
The group M1 of the basic control state of the engine 10 and the group M3 of the idling stop control state are independent of each other. For example, the state of group M1 of the basic control state of the engine 10 is determined by the states of the all-wheel-grounding independent mechanism 101 and the engine start switch 121, and does not depend on the state of group M3 of the idling stop control state. However, both groups M1 and M3 control the engine 10. FIG. If the control output due to the state of group M1 and the control output due to the state of group M3 are different, the control output of group M1 in the basic control state of engine 10 takes precedence. For example, even if the state in the group M3 of the idling stop control state is either the engine operating state m31 or the idling stop state m32, the operation of the engine 10 is forcibly stopped when the all-wheel grounding self-supporting mechanism 101 operates. be done. The state in which the operation of the engine 10 is forcibly stopped is the engine inoperable state m12. Then, the engine 10 does not start until at least the engine start switch 121 is operated. When at least the engine start switch 121 is operated, the engine 10 is started.

Referring to part (c) of FIG. 1, an idling stop restart process 61a performed by an idling stop control unit 61 (IS control unit 61) and an engine forced stop start process 62a performed by a forced stop control unit 62 are performed. explained.

The idling stop control unit 61 executes idling stop control and restart control.
In the idling stop control, the idling stop control unit 61 determines whether the idling stop state (IS state) or the establishment of the idling stop preparation condition (IS preparation condition) is established (S11, S12). The idling stop preparation condition is, for example, that the temperature of the engine 10 or the temperature of the cooling water is equal to or higher than a reference value, and that the vehicle has traveled at a speed equal to or higher than the reference speed since the previous engine start. The state of the all-wheel-grounded independent mechanism 101 is not included in the idling stop preparation conditions.
If the control state is not the idling stop state (No in S11) and the idling stop preparation condition is satisfied (Yes in S12), the idling stop control unit 61 changes the control state to the idling stop preparation state (IS preparation state). (S13). Further, the idling stop control unit 61 causes the display device 51 to display a state in which the idling stop preparation condition is satisfied.

If the control state is the idling stop preparation state and there is an idling stop operation (Yes in S14), the idling stop control unit 61 stops the engine 10 (EG 10) (S15). An idling stop operation is a rider's request to implement an idling stop. The idling stop operation is, for example, any one or a combination of (A) to (E).
(A) The accelerator grip 124 does not output an acceleration request.
(B) The lean vehicle 1 is stopped.
(C) Operation of the clutch lever 122 is stopped while the multi-speed transmission 30 (see FIG. 5) is in the neutral state.
(D) The idling stop switch 125 has been operated.
(E) The multi-speed transmission 30 is not in the neutral state and the clutch lever 122 is operated.
The state of the all-wheel-grounded independent mechanism 101 is not included in the idling stop operation.
For example, the idling stop operation is a combination of conditions (A), (B) and (C). In this combination, the engine 10 does not stop when the clutch lever 122 is operated to change gears.
A combination of conditions (A), (B), (D), and (E) can also be employed as the idling stop operation. The idling stop preparation condition in this case is that the multi-speed transmission 30 is not in the neutral state. This combination simplifies the operation of the multi-speed transmission 30 .
Further, as the idling stop preparation condition, it is also possible to employ the establishment of any combination of the conditions (A), (B) and (C) or the combination of the conditions (A), (B) and (D). .

When the engine 10 is stopped, the idling stop control unit 61 changes the control state to the idling stop state. The idling stop control unit 61 causes the display device 51 to display the idling stop state.

In the restart control, the idling stop control unit 61 determines the idling stop state (IS state), the establishment of the restart preparation condition, and the operation of the clutch 25 (S21, S22, S23). The restart preparation condition is, for example, that the accelerator grip 124 does not output an acceleration request. As a result, it is possible to suppress a sudden increase in the rotation speed after the engine 10 is restarted. That is, when the restart preparation condition is established in the idling stop state and the clutch 25 is operated (Yes in S21, Yes in S22, and Yes in S23), the idling stop control unit 61 outputs an engine restart request ( S24). The idling stop control unit 61 terminates the idling stop state (S25). That is, the idling stop control unit 61 changes the control state to active. Also, the idling stop control unit 61 stops displaying the idling stop state on the display device 51 . The idling stop control unit 61 causes the display device 51 to display a state in which the idling stop permission condition is not met and the idling stop state is not established.
The idling stop control unit 61 restarts based on the operation of the clutch 25 regardless of whether the multi-stage transmission 30 (see FIG. 5) is in the neutral state or not in the neutral state. This simplifies the operation from the idling stop state to start.

The forced stop control unit 62 is composed of a wired logic circuit. The forced stop control unit 62 has a stop holding state device 625 that holds and outputs forced stop state data. When the forced stop state data is output, the combustion operation of the engine 10 is stopped. The hold-stop state device 625 is composed of, for example, a flip-flop.
The stop holding state device 625 outputs forced stop state data when the engine is not stopped and when the all-wheel-grounded independent mechanism 101 is operating. The stop holding state device 625 holds the data of the forced stop state at least until the operation of the all-wheel-grounding independent mechanism 101 stops and the clutch lever 122 is operated. The forced stop control unit 62 causes the display device 51 to display a state in which neither the idling stop preparation condition is met nor the idling stop state is established while the forced stop state data is held.
In order for the stop holding state device 625 outputting the forced stop state data to stop outputting the forced stop state data and start the engine 10, at least the engine start switch 121 needs to be operated.
More specifically, the forced stop control unit 62 keeps outputting forced stop state data until the engine start switch 121 is operated in a state in which transmission of output from the engine 10 to the drive wheels 15 is cut off. As a result, the stopped state of the engine 10 is maintained. The forced stop control unit 62 stops outputting the forced stop state data when the transmission of the output from the engine 10 to the driving wheels 15 is cut off and the engine start switch 121 is operated. At this time, the forced stop control unit 62 also outputs engine start (EG start) data.
More specifically, in order for the stop holding state device 625 to stop outputting the forced stop state data and start the engine 10, for example, either of the following conditions (a) and (b) is satisfied: There is a need. Condition (a) is that the operation of the all-wheel-grounding self-sustaining mechanism 101 is stopped, the clutch lever 122 is operated, and the engine start switch 121 is operated. Condition (b) is that the multi-speed transmission 30 is in the neutral state and the engine start switch 121 is operated.
For example, the forced stop control unit 62, which outputs forced stop state data, indicates that the operation of the all-wheel-grounded independent mechanism 101 is stopped, the clutch lever 122 is operated, and the engine start switch 121 is operated. If so, data for starting the engine 10 is output.

When the stop holding state device 625 has stopped outputting the forced stop state data, the engine 10 will start when there is a request to restart the engine 10 . Engine 10 is restarted. Conversely, if the stop holding state device 625 is outputting data indicating a forced stop state, the engine 10 will not start even if there is a request to restart the engine 10 . As a result, the control for stopping the engine 10 by the forced stop control unit 62 has priority.

As described above, the forced stop control section 62 carries out the engine forced stop start process 62a. In the forced engine stop start process 62a, the forced stop control unit 62 stops the engine 10 under conditions different from those for idling stop, and starts the engine 10 under conditions different from those for restart.
In this manner, the forced stop control unit 62 performs the engine forced stop start process 62a independent of the idling stop restart process 61a.

The engine forced stop start process 62a is a process independent of the idling stop restart process 61a. Therefore, the engine 10 enters the idling stop state based on the establishment of conditions other than the state of the all-wheel-grounding self-standing mechanism 101 . On the other hand, the engine forced stop start process 62a can forcibly stop the operation of the engine 10 based on the operation of the all-wheel-grounded independent mechanism 101. FIG. Furthermore, the stopped state of the operation of the engine 10 can be maintained at least until the engine start switch 121 is operated. Therefore, once the all-wheel grounding self-supporting mechanism 101 operates, the engine 10 is not started by operating the clutch lever 122 even when the all-wheel grounding self-supporting mechanism 101 stops operating. After the all-wheel-grounding self-standing mechanism 101 operates, the engine 10 does not start until at least the engine start switch 121 is operated. That is, after the all-wheel grounding self-standing mechanism 101 is operated, the engine 10 is started based on at least the operation of the engine start switch 121 .

The engine 10 of the lean vehicle 1, once the all-wheel grounding type self-supporting mechanism 101 operates, after that, including the state in which the operation of the all-wheel grounding type self-supporting mechanism 101 is stopped, is a vehicle that does not have an idling stop function, for example. It can be started by a similar operation. Therefore, while having the idling stop function, the engine 10 can be started under the same conditions and operation as those of a vehicle without the idling stop function.

Also, by starting the engine 10 in a state in which the transmission of the output from the engine 10 to the driving wheels 15 in the lean vehicle 1 is cut off, resistance from the driving wheels 15 is suppressed when the engine 10 is started. Therefore, the engine 10 can be started in a short time.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a display device 51 in a first application example of the lean vehicle 1 of the first embodiment. As an explanation of this application example, portions different from the lean vehicle 1 of the first embodiment will be explained. Common parts are given the same reference numerals in the drawings, or their illustration and description are omitted.

The display device 51 shown in FIG. 3 indicates an idling stop state, a state in which the idling stop preparation condition is satisfied while the engine 10 is operating, and other states. The display device 51 is a display lamp. The display device 51 is a display lamp provided on the speedometer 50 . The display device 51 displays a specific mark by lighting, for example. However, as the display device 51, for example, it is possible to employ a configuration in which a simple light is turned on instead of a specific mark.
The display device 51 displays that the idling stop preparation condition is met while the engine 10 is operating, for example, by turning on. The display device 51 displays the idling stop state by blinking, for example. The display device 51, for example, turns off the light to indicate that the idling stop preparation condition is not established and that the idling stop state is not the state.
According to an example of the control of the control device 60 shown in the first embodiment, when the idling stop preparation condition is satisfied while the engine 10 is operating and the idling stop preparation is started, the display device 51 lights up. When the engine 10 enters the idling stop state according to the rider's operation, the display device 51 blinks. When the restart condition is satisfied and the engine 10 is restarted, the display device 51 is turned off.
When the operation of the all-wheel-grounded self-standing mechanism 101 is detected, the display device 51 is turned off. That is, when the operation of the all-wheel-grounded self-standing mechanism 101 is detected, the engine 10 does not operate, and the display device 51 turns off. Once the operation of the all-wheel grounding self-supporting mechanism 101 is detected, the display device 51 does not turn on until at least the engine start switch 121 is operated to start the engine 10 and then the idling stop preparation condition is satisfied.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an all-wheel-grounded self-standing mechanism 101 in a second application example of the lean vehicle 1 of the first embodiment. Part (a) of FIG. 4 shows a state in which the side stand as the all-wheel-grounding self-standing mechanism 101 is stored. Part (b) of FIG. 4 shows a state in which the side stand is deployed. As an explanation of this application example, portions different from the lean vehicle 1 of the first embodiment will be explained. Common parts are given the same reference numerals in the drawings, or their illustration and description are omitted.

The all-wheel grounding type self-standing mechanism 101 is a side stand. A side stand as the all-wheel-grounded self-standing mechanism 101 is provided on the vehicle body 1A of the lean vehicle 1. As shown in FIG. The side stand as the all-wheel-grounded self-standing mechanism 101 is deployed or retracted by the rider's operating force. The side stand as the all-wheel-grounded self-standing mechanism 101 operates by being deployed as shown in part (b) of FIG. 4 . That is, by supporting the lean vehicle 1 on the ground, the lean vehicle 1 can stand on its own while the

wheels

14 and 15 are in contact with the ground.
The side stand as the all-wheel-grounding self-supporting mechanism 101 completes its operation by retracting as shown in part (a) of FIG. That is, the all-wheel-grounded self-standing mechanism 101 is put into a non-operating state. The all-wheel-grounded self-standing mechanism 101 has a detection device 102 . The detection device 102 detects the state of the all-wheel-grounded self-standing mechanism 101 and transmits data of the detection result to the control device 60 . The detection device 102 transmits to the control device 60 operation data indicating, for example, that the all-wheel-grounded self-sustaining mechanism 101 is in an operating state.
The engine 10 of the lean vehicle 1 can be started by the same operation as that of a vehicle without an idling stop function, for example, after the side stand as the all-wheel-grounding self-supporting mechanism 101 is deployed, including the stowed state. . That is, when the side stand as the all-wheel grounding self-standing mechanism 101 is retracted and the engine start switch 121 is operated, the engine 10 is started.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a schematic structure of the engine 10 and its peripheral devices in a third application example of the lean vehicle 1 of the first embodiment. Part (a) of FIG. 5 is a side view of the engine 10, the starter/generator 20, and the multi-speed transmission 30. FIG. Part (b) of FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line XX′ of FIG. 5(a). Part (c) of FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the starter generator 20 . As an explanation of this application example, portions different from the lean vehicle 1 of the first embodiment will be explained. Common parts are given the same reference numerals in the drawings, or their illustration and description are omitted.

The engine 10 of the lean vehicle 1 of this embodiment includes a crankcase 17 that accommodates the crankshaft 11 . The starter generator 20 is provided inside the crankcase 17 . That is, the space in which the starter generator 20 is provided and the space in which the crankshaft 11 is provided are connected. The two spaces are not separated. Starter generator 20 and crankshaft 11 are lubricated with oil 18 .
The starter generator 20 is cooled with oil 18 . Therefore, cooling fans and fins for the starter generator 20 are omitted. Also, the wall between the arrangement space of the starter generator 20 and the arrangement space of the crankshaft 11 is omitted.
The starter generator 20 has a function of driving the crankshaft 11 when the engine 10 is started. Therefore, the starter generator 20 tends to be larger than, for example, a generator dedicated to power generation. However, in the lean vehicle 1, an increase in size of the unit 4 including the starter generator 20 and the engine 10 is suppressed.

The starter generator 20 is driven by current supplied via a switching element 65 provided in the control device 60 . Rotational resistance of the starter generator 20 is suppressed by the lubrication by the oil 18 . Therefore, the supply current to the switching element 65 is suppressed when the engine 10 is restarted. Therefore, heat generation of the switching element 65 is also suppressed. Therefore, the heat insulation structure of the control device 60 can be simplified. That is, the control device 60 can be downsized.

The starter generator 20 has a stator 22 and a rotor 23 . The stator 22 includes a stator core 223 and multi-phase windings 224 . The stator core 223 has slots 221 and a plurality of teeth 222 alternately arranged in the circumferential direction. A winding 224 is wound on the teeth 222 . A current is supplied to winding 224 via switching element 65 . Also, the winding 224 supplies the generated current to the switching element 65 .
A rotor 23 of the starter generator 20 is provided on the crankshaft 11 so as to interlock with the rotation of the crankshaft 11 . The rotor 23 has magnetic pole portions 232 that are circumferentially aligned with the stator 22 with a gap therebetween and that are more than two-thirds the number of the slots 221 . The magnetic pole portion 232 is composed of the permanent magnet 231 .

The angular velocity based on the electrical angular period in the starter generator 20 is greater than in a configuration having magnetic pole portions 232 equal to or less than 2/3 of the number of slots 221, for example. The electrical angle is an angle when the angle at which the tooth portion 222 passes through one pole pair is 360 degrees. The angular velocity based on the electrical angle period is the angular velocity of the electrical angle at which the tooth portion 222 passes through the pole pair formed by the magnetic pole portion 232 . The inductance of the windings 224 in the starter-generator 20 is greater than in configurations with pole pieces 232 equal to or less than two-thirds the number of slots 221, for example. Therefore, after the engine 10 is restarted, the generated current is suppressed by the larger inductance of the winding 224 in the rotation speed region where the starter generator 20 functions as a generator. Therefore, the current supplied to the switching element 65 is suppressed during power generation. The structure for heat dissipation in the control device 60 can be simplified and miniaturized.

The engine 10 further includes a rotor position detection device 24 . The rotor position detection device 24 has detection windings 241 that are different from the windings 224 of the stator 22 . The rotor position detection device 24 outputs a signal indicating detection of the position of the rotor 23 to the control device 60 when the engine 10 is started with the multi-speed transmission 30 in the low gear position. The detection winding 241 detects the position of the rotor 23 by magnetic action. The sensing winding 241 can operate at higher temperatures than, for example, Hall elements. Therefore, the structure for dissipating heat in the crankcase 17 can be simplified, and the crankcase 17 can be miniaturized.

[Second embodiment]
FIG. 6 is a chart showing the configuration and process of the control device 260 for the lean vehicle 1 according to the second embodiment. Portions in this embodiment that are common to those in the first embodiment are given the same reference numerals in the drawings, or illustration and description thereof are omitted. The control device 260 shown in the second embodiment can be applied to the first, second, and third application examples described above.

The forced stop control unit 262 of the control device 260 in this embodiment is configured by a computer having a processor and programs (not shown).
The engine forced stop start process 262a performed by the control device 260 is performed by executing a program. These points are different from the first embodiment. The engine forced stop start process 262a of the present embodiment is implemented by the processor sequentially executing a program. Therefore, there may be a slight deviation in the timing at which the signal is output with respect to the engine forced stop start process 62a (see FIG. 1) in the first embodiment. However, this output timing deviation is a deviation that can be ignored as control timing. Therefore, from the point of view of substantial control, it can be said that the timing of the output also coincides.

The contents of the control process of the forced engine stop start process 262a are the same as those of the forced engine stop start process 62a (see FIG. 1) in the first embodiment. That is, the forced stop control section 262 receives the same signals as the forced stop control section 62 (see FIG. 1) and outputs the same signals as the forced stop control section 62 . Further, as in the case of the first embodiment, the forced engine stop start process 262a of this embodiment is a process independent of the idling stop restart process 61a.

The engine forced stop start process 262a has forced stop control and return control.
In the forced stop control, the forced stop control unit 262 determines whether or not the current state is the forced stop state (S31). In addition, the forced stop control unit 262 determines the operation of the all-wheel-grounded independent mechanism 101 .
If the current state is not the forced stop state (No in S31) and the all-wheel-grounding self-supporting mechanism 101 is operating (Yes in S32), the forced stop control unit 262 changes the state to the forced stop state (S33). ). Then, the forced stop control unit 262 stops the engine 10 (EG stop S34). As a result, the operation of the engine 10 is forcibly stopped.

In the return control, the forced stop control unit 262 determines whether or not the current state is the forced stop state (S41). If the current state is the forced stop state (Yes in S41), the forced stop control unit 262 determines whether or not the engine start switch 121 (EG start SW 121) has been operated (S42). If the engine start switch 121 has been operated (Yes in S42) and if the multi-speed transmission 30 is in the neutral state (N) (Yes in S43), the forced stop control unit 262 starts the engine 10 (S46). ).
If the current state is not the forced stop state (No in S41), the forced stop control unit 262 performs an operation in response to the restart request (S48). If the current state is the forced stop state (Yes in S41), the control by the forced stop control unit 262 is not reflected. As a result, the control for stopping the engine 10 by the forced stop control unit 262 has priority.

Even if the multi-speed transmission 30 is not in the neutral state (N) but in the in-gear state (No in S43), the forced stop control unit 262 starts the engine 10 (S46) if the following conditions are satisfied. The condition is that the operation of the all-wheel-grounding self-supporting mechanism 101 is stopped (Yes in S44) and the operation of the clutch lever 122 is detected (Yes in S45).
As soon as the engine 10 is started, the forced stop control unit 262 terminates the forced stop state (S47).

1 lean vehicle 1A vehicle body 10 engine 11 crankshaft 14 wheel 15 wheel (driving wheel)
15 Drive wheel 17 Crankcase 18 Oil 20 Starter generator 22 Stator 23 Rotor 24 Rotor position detection device 25 Clutch 30 Multi-speed transmission 51

Display device

60, 260 Control device 61 Idling stop control unit 61a Idling stop restart process 62 Forced stop control Part 62a Engine forced stop start process 65 Switching element 101 All-wheel-grounded independent mechanism 102 Detector 121 Engine start switch 122 Clutch lever 123 Clutch sensor 124 Accelerator grip 222 Tooth 223 Stator core 224 Winding 232 Magnetic pole 241 Detection winding 260 Control Device 262 Forced stop control unit 262a Engine forced stop start process

Claims

A lean vehicle configured so as not to stand on its own only with a plurality of wheels that are grounded when traveling,
The lean vehicle is
the plurality of wheels;
an all-wheel-grounding self-standing mechanism configured to allow the vehicle body to stand on its own with the plurality of wheels in contact with the ground during operation, but not to allow the vehicle body to stand on its own when not in operation;
a detection device for detecting whether or not the all-wheel-grounded self-standing mechanism is operating;
an engine having a crankshaft through which power generated by combustion operation is output;
a clutch lever that operates the clutch in accordance with a rider's operation;
a clutch sensor that detects the operation of the clutch lever;
a starter-generator that drives the crankshaft when the engine is started and generates power by being driven by the crankshaft during combustion operation of the engine;
an engine start switch for starting the engine in response to an operation by the rider;
a controller for controlling the operation of the engine and the starter-generator, characterized by:
The control device includes an idling stop control unit that performs an idling stop restart process for idling stop and restart of the engine, and a control unit for stopping and starting the engine under conditions different from the idling stop and restart. a forced stop control unit that implements an engine forced stop start process,
By executing the idling stop restart process, the idling stop control unit puts the engine into an idling stop state in which operation is stopped based on the establishment of an idling stop condition other than the state of the all-wheel grounding self-supporting mechanism. and restarting the engine based on the detection result of the operation by the clutch sensor in the idling stop state,
The forced stop control unit performs the engine forced stop start process as a process independent of the idling stop restart process, thereby operating the engine when the operation of the all-wheel grounding independent mechanism is detected. is forcibly stopped, the forced stop state of the operation of the engine is maintained at least until the engine start switch is operated, and the engine is started based on at least the operation of the engine start switch. .
A lean vehicle according to claim 1,
The plurality of wheels includes drive wheels that drive the lean vehicle by output from the engine;
The forced stop control unit performs the engine forced stop start process to forcibly stop the operation of the engine when the operation of the all-wheel-grounded independent mechanism is detected, and The operation of the engine is maintained in a stopped state until the operation of the all-wheel grounding self-supporting mechanism is stopped and the engine start switch is operated in a state in which the transmission of output to the drive wheels is cut off, and the engine is driven by the engine. The engine is started based on the simultaneous establishment of both the stop of the operation of the all-wheel-grounding self-supporting mechanism and the operation of the engine start switch in a state in which the transmission of power to the wheels is cut off.
A lean vehicle according to claim 1 or 2,
The all-wheel grounding type self-standing mechanism is a side stand that operates by being deployed,
By implementing the idling stop restart process, the idling stop control unit puts the engine in the idling stop state in which the operation is stopped based on the establishment of the idling stop condition other than the state of the side stand, and the restarting the engine based on the detection result of the operation by the clutch sensor in an idling stop state;
The forced stop control unit executes the engine forced stop start process to forcibly stop the operation of the engine when the deployment of the side stand is detected, and at least the engine start switch is operated. The stopped state of the operation of the engine is maintained until , and the engine is started based on at least the operation of the engine start switch.
A lean vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The lean vehicle includes an accelerator grip that outputs an acceleration request for the lean vehicle by operation,
The idling stop control unit implements the idling stop restart process, and the idling stop state in which the operation of the engine is stopped based on the establishment of the idling stop condition other than the state of the all-wheel grounding self-supporting mechanism. and restarting the engine when the accelerator grip does not output the acceleration request and the clutch sensor outputs an operation detection result,
The forced stop control unit performs the forced engine stop start process to forcibly stop the operation of the engine when the operation of the all-wheel-grounded independent mechanism is detected, and at least the engine start. The stopped state of the operation of the engine is maintained until the switch is operated, and the engine is started based on at least the operation of the engine start switch.
A lean vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
The engine comprises a crankcase housing the crankshaft,
The starter-generator is mounted within the crankcase and lubricated with oil.
A lean vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
The control device includes a switching element that controls current flowing through the starter generator,
The starter generator includes a stator core including slots and a plurality of teeth alternately arranged in a circumferential direction, and a current supplied through the switching element wound around the teeth, and the generated current is supplied to the switching element. A stator having multi-phase windings for supplying elements, and a rotor arranged in the circumferential direction with an air gap from the stator and having magnetic pole portions larger than 2/3 of the number of the slots.
A lean vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
The starter-generator has a stator fixed in position with respect to the engine and having windings, and a permanent magnet provided with an air gap with respect to the stator. a rotor provided in
The engine outputs a signal indicating detection of the position of the rotor to the control device when the engine is restarted based on a detection result of operation by the clutch sensor or operation of the engine start switch. It further comprises a rotor position sensing device having a sensing winding different from the windings.