WO2023041053A1 - 多光谱多参量光刺激离体细胞膜电位检测系统和方法 - Google Patents

多光谱多参量光刺激离体细胞膜电位检测系统和方法 Download PDF

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WO2023041053A1
WO2023041053A1 PCT/CN2022/119390 CN2022119390W WO2023041053A1 WO 2023041053 A1 WO2023041053 A1 WO 2023041053A1 CN 2022119390 W CN2022119390 W CN 2022119390W WO 2023041053 A1 WO2023041053 A1 WO 2023041053A1
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light
parameter
cell membrane
cell
nerve
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French (fr)
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田岚
王艳青
徐晶晶
曾鸣
刘炜
田旭
陆小珊
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山东大学
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
    • G01N2015/1006—Investigating individual particles for cytology

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  • the invention belongs to the fields of neuroscience, optics, life science, electronic technology, etc., and specifically relates to a system and method for detecting cell membrane potential under multi-spectrum and multi-parameter light stimulation.
  • Excitable cells in animals can regulate their excitation or inhibition by physical stimulation signals under different conditions, such as: using light stimulation to induce the excitation of animal nerve cells.
  • the ion channel on the nerve cell responds to the physical stimulation signal, it will cause the change of ion concentration inside and outside the cell, generate membrane current, and then trigger the change of cell membrane potential, that is, nerve action potential, and excite the cell.
  • Light stimulation induces the change of intracellular ion concentration and the change of intracellular and extracellular potential to generate membrane current, which belongs to the cell photosensitivity effect.
  • the photosensitive channel is a specific or selective ion channel with a transmembrane structure controlled by light pulses, which can quickly form membrane currents and cause cells to undergo electrophysiological responses. It has been found that there are a variety of light-sensitive ion channel proteins in nature.
  • a common research paradigm is to first discover a protein, then separate the substance through spectrophotometer, protein gel electrophoresis and other methods, and then conduct research on protein components through sequencing and other means, and then through various Various methods are used to detect the function of this protein, such as: using calcium ion imaging, patch clamp and other means to verify whether it has the possibility of light-induced changes in cell membrane potential.
  • This series of detection methods starts from the study of substances such as channel proteins to the final demonstration of their light-regulating properties. The process is extremely complicated. At present, there is still a lack of a method that directly uses photostimulation to efficiently and systematically detect the response of light-controlled cell membrane potential.
  • the invention provides a cell membrane potential detection system based on multi-spectral and multi-parameter light stimulation and a matching detection method.
  • the membrane current can be generated through the photosensitive effect of excitation light, resulting in the phenomenon that the inner and outer membrane potential of the cell will change, and the activity of the cell to be tested can be detected by detecting the change of the membrane potential (current) Whether it can be regulated by light, and the specificity of light stimulation parameters, energy threshold and other corresponding characteristics of the light regulation effect of the cells to be tested.
  • the present invention discloses a cell membrane potential detection system for multi-spectral and multi-parameter light stimulation, which includes an operation platform, on which a culture dish is placed, and the culture dish contains similar nerve cell interstitial Liquid, nerve cell bath fluid (such as: artificial cerebrospinal fluid) that can maintain the activity of nerve cells and contains various ions. Nerve cells to be tested are placed in the bath fluid.
  • a microscope is placed above the petri dish. electrode, and the other side is provided with a light stimulation device; the measurement electrode is connected to the signal acquisition amplifier, the signal acquisition amplifier is connected to the measurement result recorder, and a high-impedance seal is formed between the measurement electrode and the nerve cell membrane. connected (for example, to G ⁇ ).
  • the optical stimulation device includes a multi-parameter programmable optical stimulator, the multi-parameter programmable optical stimulator is connected to a fiber coupler, the optical fiber coupler can be connected to an optical fiber to guide light, and the optical fiber is fixed through the optical fiber The device is fixed, and its output port is fixed to an appropriate position where it can irradiate the nerve cells to be tested.
  • the measuring electrode adopts a glass tube microelectrode, which includes a glass tube and a measuring electrode.
  • the glass tube is tapered, and its tip diameter can be drawn smaller than the size of the nerve cell body, such as 1-2 ⁇ m , and open; the measuring electrode is inserted into the glass tube from the tail of the glass tube, and the glass tube is filled with an electrode inner liquid, the composition of the electrode inner liquid is roughly the same as that of the nerve cell inner liquid, and can maintain cell activity.
  • a reference electrode is also included, the reference electrode is immersed in the nerve cell bath, and the reference electrode is connected to the signal ground terminal of the signal acquisition amplifier.
  • the optical stimulation device includes a programmable adjustable optical parameter control module, multiple single-wavelength laser generation modules and fiber couplers, wherein the programmable adjustable optical parameter control module can be configured by the user to generate For stimulating light with different parameters, the stimulating light generation module with corresponding wavelength is controlled to generate stimulating light with corresponding parameters, which is output through the optical fiber coupler.
  • the optical parameters of the programmable optical parameter control module include: duration, optical wavelength, power density (or optical pulse intensity), pulse width and pulse repetition rate.
  • the present invention also proposes a method for detecting the in vitro cell membrane potential of multi-spectral and multi-parameter light stimulation, which adopts the change of nerve cell membrane potential (current) as a characterization phenomenon that the nerve cell can be regulated by light, and uses a multi-parameter gradual method (from small To large) adjustment way to carry out scanning measurement of optical parameters.
  • the nerve cells to be tested are isolated single nerve cells, and are nerve cells that are cultured in vitro or treated by surgical stripping.
  • the multi-spectral and multi-parameter photostimulation method for detecting cell membrane potential in vitro includes:
  • Nerve cell treatment After the nerve cells are cultured in vitro or acutely separated, under different light stimulation conditions, the change of the nerve cell membrane current is measured by attaching a glass tube microelectrode;
  • Optical stimulation output mode a multi-parameter programmable adjustable optical stimulation device is used to adjust the optical stimulation parameters through a multi-parameter progressive scanning method
  • Stimulating light of different wavelengths is used to measure the membrane potential (current) under the gradual adjustment of other light parameters, so as to detect the wavelength specificity of nerve cell light regulation.
  • the present invention utilizes light stimulation to excitable nerve cells, it can generate membrane current by stimulating the activity of nerve cells, causing the phenomenon that the inner and outer membrane potentials of nerve cells will change. Whether the nerve cells can be regulated by light, and the specificity of light stimulation parameters, energy threshold and other corresponding characteristics when the nerve cells to be tested are regulated by light.
  • the present invention adopts a multi-parameter progressive adjustment method for measurement.
  • the optical energy density is gradually adjusted from small to large within a certain range of optical pulse parameters, such as gradually increasing from 0-12mJ/mm 2 .
  • This method can avoid strong light signals that may damage or destroy the activity of nerve cells, and can also detect whether the cells can be regulated by light and the light energy threshold for inducing membrane current and membrane voltage.
  • the measuring system of the present invention can verify the wavelength specificity (also known as the selectivity of light wavelength) of nerve cell light regulation by changing the stimulating light wavelength and repeatedly measuring other light parameters.
  • the specificity of neuronal photoregulation is reflected in its selectivity to light wavelengths.
  • the light stimulation device designed in the present invention can switch the light wavelength to measure the specificity of nerve cell light regulation under the condition of similar or gradual adjustment of other light parameters.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the detection system provided by the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a multi-parameter adjustable photostimulation device used in the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a graph of typical results of measuring nerve cell membrane currents.
  • the present invention uses multi-spectral light with different parameters to stimulate the nerve cells to be tested, and determines whether the nerve cells can be regulated by light, and the specificity and activation of the light-regulated parameters of the nerve cells by measuring the membrane potential (current) of the nerve cells to be measured.
  • the threshold value can be accurately detected; specifically, light stimulation and nerve cell membrane currents are combined to measure light regulation characteristics. According to whether the nerve cell membrane current changes drastically, whether a certain light parameter can induce the membrane current, and whether the nerve cell can be regulated by light is the basis.
  • Fig. 1 is a principle diagram of the present invention; wherein the light A to be measured is the light signal to be detected sent by a light stimulation device with adjustable parameters (wavelength, power density, repetition rate, pulse width). Microelectrodes in glass tubes are used to measure nerve cell membrane currents. The nerve cell membrane current conversion uses the bioelectrical signal amplifier to collect tiny current signals, and uses the experimental data recording system to record and analyze the collected signals.
  • the detection system proposed by the present invention uses a multi-wavelength, multi-parameter (energy density, pulse width, repetition rate, etc.) adjustable light stimulation device to measure nerve cell inner membrane current and nerve cell membrane current under light stimulation. If it is detected that the light signal of a certain parameter induces the change of the membrane current of the nerve cell to be tested or generates a membrane current, it means that the activity of the nerve cell to be tested can be interfered and regulated by the light signal of the parameter. When the membrane potential (current) is measured, only the stimulating light A of a single specific parameter is used in one measurement cycle, so as to avoid mutual interference of multiple wavelength light signals. During the overall measurement process, the parameters of the stimulating light A are gradually adjusted through a gradual strategy to measure the threshold value and regulation range of the light-regulated response parameters of the nerve cells to be tested.
  • the parameters of the stimulating light A are gradually adjusted through a gradual strategy to measure the threshold value and regulation range of the light-regulated response parameters of the nerve cells to be tested.
  • the detection system in Figure 2 consists of a multi-parameter programmable light stimulator, an optical fiber holder, a microscope, a glass tube, a measuring electrode, a glass tube microelectrode manipulator, a nerve cell membrane current (potential) signal acquisition amplifier, a measurement result recording device, and an operating table and other components; a petri dish is placed on the operating table, and there are nerve cell bath liquid and nerve cells to be tested in the petri dish, a microscope is above the petri dish, one side of the petri dish is a measuring electrode, and the other side is a multi-parameter
  • the programming light stimulator; the measuring electrode is connected with the nerve cell membrane current (potential) signal acquisition amplifier, the nerve cell membrane current (potential) signal acquisition amplifier is connected with the measurement result recording device, and a high-impedance seal is formed between the measurement electrode and the nerve cell membrane (such as is G ⁇ ).
  • the multi-parameter programmable optical stimulator is connected with the fiber coupler, and the optical fiber is fixed by the optical fiber holder. After the light source emitted by the multi-parameter programmable optical stimulator is coupled and output by the optical fiber, it is fixed by the optical fiber holder until it can be irradiated to the target location of nerve cells.
  • measuring electrode adopts glass tube microelectrode, and it comprises glass tube and measuring electrode, and described glass tube is tapered, and its tip diameter will be less than single nerve cell body size to be measured (as being 1-2 ⁇ m), and exposure;
  • the measuring electrode is inserted into the glass tube from the end of the glass tube, and the glass tube is filled with an electrode liquid.
  • a reference electrode is also included, the reference electrode is immersed in the nerve cell bath, and the reference electrode is connected to the signal ground terminal of the signal acquisition amplifier.
  • Fig. 3 is a multi-parameter adjustable optical stimulation device used in the present invention, which consists of three parts: a programmable adjustable optical parameter control module, multiple single-wavelength stimulating light generation modules, and an optical fiber coupler.
  • the programmable light parameter control module can generate stimulating light with different parameters at regular intervals through user configuration, control the stimulating light generating module with corresponding wavelength to generate stimulating light with corresponding parameters, and output it through the fiber optic coupler.
  • the nerve cell membrane potential detection method based on multi-spectral and multi-parameter light stimulation proposed by the present invention uses the change of nerve cell membrane potential (current) as a characterization of light-regulated nerve cell activity, and uses multi-parameter progressive adjustment to perform optical parameter scanning formula measurement.
  • the parameters of the stimulating light include: light wavelength, pulse width, repetition rate, power density and other parameters.
  • the nerve cells to be tested are isolated single nerve cells, which can be cultured in vitro or stripped by surgery. Specific steps are as follows:
  • the nerve cells to be tested that have been cultured in vitro for an appropriate length of time (eg, 24-48 hours), or the nerve cells to be tested that have been surgically isolated and subjected to acute separation treatment.
  • a high-resistance seal such as G ⁇
  • the light source of the multi-parameter optical stimulation system adopted in the present invention is coupled out through the optical fiber, it is fixed to a position where it can irradiate the nerve cells to be tested by using an optical fiber fixator.
  • Input the range of stimulation light adjustment parameters adjust the energy density, pulse width, frequency and other parameters gradually from small to large within a certain period of time, and complete a series of light stimulation with different light parameters at the same wavelength in a short time.
  • the tiny membrane current (such as pA level) signal at the electrode end is collected through the membrane current signal amplifier, and the experimental recording system connected to the back end records whether the nerve cell membrane current can be induced under different parameters of light stimulation.
  • FIG. 3 it is a schematic structural diagram of the photostimulation device used in the present invention.
  • the detection system of the method adopts the method of progressive scanning of optical parameters to detect the membrane potential (current) of nerve cells, which can quickly Detect whether a certain parameter of a certain band of stimulating light can induce the specific effect of the membrane current of the nerve cell to be tested, and find the threshold value of the light parameter excited by the membrane current according to the progressive scanning method.
  • other optical parameters such as: repetition rate, pulse width, etc.
  • a pulsed laser with a wavelength of 450nm is used, at a pulse width of 200us, the repetition rate is 11Hz, the average power density range is 0-12mJ/mm 2 , and the power density is changed by 0.5mJ/mm 2 each time.
  • the duration of each light stimulus was 1 s.
  • the present invention is carried out with mouse auditory nerve cells as cells to be tested, and the method comprises the following steps:
  • the multi-parameter adjustable light stimulation device is configured according to the light parameters to be measured, so that it can output the stimulating light according to the gradual adjustment of the light parameters within a certain period of time.
  • the wavelength of the laser is 450nm, 515nm, 808nm, 980nm, 1065nm and other bands
  • the repetition rate is 1Hz
  • the typical pulse width of the reference electrical pulse stimulation is 200 ⁇ s
  • the power density is gradually increased from 0-30mJ/ mm2 with a step size of 0.5mJ.
  • Glass tube microelectrode including a tapered glass tube and a measuring electrode; specifically made, the glass tube is drawn so that the tip diameter of the glass tube is about 1-2 ⁇ m, and the tip is open, and one end of the measuring electrode is inserted from the tail to the Inside the glass tube, the other end is connected to the signal acquisition amplifier.
  • Fill the glass tube microelectrode with the electrode liquid install it on the micromanipulator and tighten it; the impedance of the glass tube microelectrode is 5-10M ⁇ after being filled with the electrode liquid.
  • the reference electrode immersed in the cell bath is connected to the signal ground terminal of the signal acquisition amplifier; the electrode inner liquid in the microelectrode is connected to the signal terminal of the probe through the measuring electrode.
  • reference electrode and measuring electrode are both Ag/AgCl.
  • the output optical fiber on the optical stimulation device Before formally entering the measurement of cell membrane current, fix the output optical fiber on the optical stimulation device through the optical fiber fixator, and fine-tune its position so that the output light irradiates the cells to be tested, then start the optical stimulation device, and start outputting stimulation light according to the set sequence , in the microelectrode voltage clamp mode, the potential in the cell is controlled by the feedback function in the signal amplifier, and at the same time, the measurement of the cell membrane current is turned on. During the measurement process, the cell sample to be tested is replaced in time according to the cell activity, and the measurement of the cell membrane current is completed in time intervals.
  • the above detection method can detect the unknown photosensitivity effect of natural cells, and can also be used to verify the measurement of the cell membrane potential of the transgenic cells under the light stimulation of the corresponding wavelength of the specific photosensitive protein.

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Abstract

一种多光谱多参量光刺激离体细胞膜电位检测系统和方法，能够在不同参数(波长、能量密度、脉冲宽度、重复率)光刺激待测细胞时，测量细胞膜电流变化，进而检测待测细胞生物电活动能否被光调控，以及其光调控参量的特异性。细胞光调控膜电位检测系统使用多种光参数从小到大渐进式调节检测的方法，对每组细胞分时段测量某种光刺激参数下细胞膜电流的变化，以快速、高效地检测何种光信号能够调控待测细胞产生膜电流、光刺激参数特异性、能量阈值等特性。

Description

多光谱多参量光刺激离体细胞膜电位检测系统和方法
本发明要求于2021年9月18日提交中国专利局、申请号为202111111952.7、发明名称为“多光谱多参量光刺激离体细胞膜电位检测系统和方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本发明中。
技术领域
本发明属于神经科学、光学、生命科学、电子技术等领域，具体涉及一种在多光谱多参量光刺激下对细胞膜电位进行检测的系统和方法。
背景技术
动物体内可兴奋细胞可以通过不同条件的物理刺激信号对其兴奋或抑制进行调控，如：利用光刺激诱发动物神经细胞的兴奋。神经细胞上的离子通道对物理刺激信号进行应答响应时，会导致细胞内外离子浓度的变化，产生膜电流，进而引发细胞膜电位改变，即神经动作电位，使细胞兴奋。由光刺激诱导细胞发生胞内离子浓度变化及胞内外电位的改变，产生膜电流的现象，属细胞光敏效应。
光诱发细胞产生膜电流，进而改变细胞膜电位的机制有多种，如：光热效应、光机械效应、光化学效应等。细胞膜上存在光敏离子通道是膜电流产生的原因之一。光敏感通道是一种受光脉冲控制的具有跨膜结构的特异性或选择性离子通道，它可以快速形成膜电流并使细胞发生电生理反应。人们发现自然界中存在多种多样的光敏离子通道蛋白。
动物体内，除视细胞外还有哪些细胞存在光敏通道蛋白或其他因素使光 可能激活细胞产生膜电位的变化、如何测量和筛查出这些细胞、在何种波段、能量密度、脉冲宽度、重复率下能够诱发膜电流的产生，这些都是亟待研究探讨的问题。
在生命科学研究中，常见的研究范式是首先发现了一种蛋白，然后通过分光光度计、蛋白质凝胶电泳等方法进行物质的分离，然后通过测序等手段进行蛋白质组分的研究，再通过各种手段检测这种蛋白的功能，如：利用钙离子成像、膜片钳等手段验证其是否具有光诱发细胞膜电位变化的可能。这一系列检测方法从通道蛋白这类物质研究开始，到最终证明其光调控特性的过程极为复杂。目前还缺少一种直接利用光刺激的手段来高效、系统地探测光控细胞膜电位响应的方法。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种基于多光谱多参量光刺激的细胞膜电位检测系统及与之配套的检测方法。本发明利用光刺激可兴奋细胞时，能够通过激发光光敏效应产生膜电流，致使细胞内外膜电位会发生变化的现象，通过检测这种膜电位(电流)的变化，进而检测待测细胞的活动能否被光调控，及待测细胞光调控作用的光刺激参数特异性、能量阈值等相应特征。
本发明采用的技术方案如下：
第一方面，本发明公开了一种多光谱多参量光刺激的细胞膜电位检测系统，包括操作台，在所述的操作台上放置有培养皿，所述的培养皿内含有类似神经细胞间质液、能够保持神经细胞活性、含有多种离子的神经细胞浴液(如：人工脑髓液)，浴液中放置有待测神经细胞，培养皿的上方是显微镜，培养皿的一侧设有测量电极，另一侧设有光刺激装置；所述的测量电极与信 号采集放大器相连，所述的信号采集放大器与测量结果记录仪相连，且所述的测量电极与神经细胞膜之间形成高阻封接(例如，为GΩ)。
作为进一步的技术方案，所述的光刺激装置包括多参数可编程光刺激器，多参数可编程光刺激器与光纤耦合器相连，所述的光纤耦合器可接光纤导光，光纤通过光纤固定器固定，将其输出端口固定至可以辐照到待测神经细胞的适当位置。
作为进一步的技术方案，所述的测量电极采用玻璃管微电极，其包括玻璃管和测量电极，所述玻璃管为锥形，其尖端直径可拉制小于神经细胞体尺寸，如为1-2μm，且敞口；所述的测量电极从玻璃管的尾部插入到玻璃管内，在玻璃管内灌装有电极内液，电极内液成分与神经细胞内液大致相同，能够保持细胞活性。
作为进一步的技术方案，还包括参考电极，所述的参考电极浸于神经细胞浴液内，参考电极与信号采集放大器的信号接地端相连接。
作为进一步的技术方案，所述的光刺激装置，包括可编程调节光参数控制模块、多个单波长激光发生模块和光纤耦合器，其中可编程调节光参数控制模块可通过用户的配置，定时发生不同参数的刺激光，控制对应波长的刺激光发生模块生成对应参数的刺激光，经过光纤耦合器输出。
作为进一步的技术方案，可编程调节光参数控制模块的光参数包含：持续时间、光波长、功率密度(或光脉冲强度)、脉冲宽度和脉冲重复率。
第二方面，本发明还提出了一种多光谱多参量光刺激的离体细胞膜电位检测方法，采用神经细胞膜电位(电流)变化作为神经细胞可光调控的表征现象，使用多参数渐进式(从小到大)调节的方式进行光参数扫描式测量。
作为进一步的技术方案，所述的待测神经细胞为离体单个神经细胞，为离体培养或手术剥离处理的神经细胞。
作为进一步的技术方案，所述的多光谱多参量光刺激离体细胞膜电位检测方法，包括：
(1)神经细胞处理：神经细胞离体培养或急性分离处理后，在不同光刺激条件下，通过玻璃管微电极进行贴附式测量其神经细胞膜电流变化；
(2)光刺激输出方式：由多参数可编程调节的光刺激装置，通过多参数渐进式扫描的方法进行光刺激参数的调节；
(3)特异性测量：采用不同波长的刺激光，分别进行其他光参数渐进式调节下膜电位(电流)的测量，以检测神经细胞光调控的波长特异性。
本发明产生的有益效果如下：
1.本发明利用光刺激可兴奋神经细胞时，能够通过激发神经细胞活动产生膜电流，致使神经细胞内外膜电位会发生变化的现象，通过检测这种膜电位或膜电流的变化，进而检测待测神经细胞能否被光调控，及待测神经细胞光调控时的光刺激参数特异性、能量阈值等相应特征。
2.本发明采用了多参数渐进式调节的方式进行测量。如：光能量密度在一定光脉冲参数范围内采用从小到大渐进调节的方式，如从0-12mJ/mm 2逐渐增强。这种方式可避免强光信号可能损伤或破坏神经细胞活性，又可检测细胞是否能被光调控以及诱发膜电流及膜电压的光能量阈值。
3.本发明的测量系统可以通过更换刺激光波长、重复测量其他光参数的办法来验证神经细胞光调控的波长特异性(又称光波长的选择性)。由于神经细胞光调控的特异性体现在其对光波长的选择性。本发明中设计的光刺激装置， 可在其他光参数相似或渐进式调节情况下，切换光波长以测量神经细胞光调控的特异性。
附图说明
图1为本发明的原理图。
图2为本发明提供的检测系统结构示意图。
图3为本发明中使用的多参数可调节光刺激装置。
图4为测量神经细胞膜电流的典型结果图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例，进一步阐述本发明。应理解，这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法，通常按照常规条件或按照制造厂商所建议的条件。
除非另行定义，本发明中所使用的所有专业与科学用语与本领域熟练人员所熟悉的意义相同。此外，任何与所记载内容相似或均等的方法及材料皆可应用于本发明方法中。本发明中所述的较佳实施方法与材料仅作示范之用。
本发明采用了多光谱不同参数的光刺激待测神经细胞，通过对待测神经细胞的膜电位(电流)的测量来判定其能否被光调控活动，以及神经细胞光调控参数的特异性、激活阈值进行准确的检测；具体的，光刺激与神经细胞膜膜电流相互结合的方式来进行光调控特性的测量。根据神经细胞膜电流是否发生剧烈变化作为某一光参数是否能够诱发膜电流，神经细胞是否能够被光调控的依据。
图1为本发明的原理图；其中待测光A为使用多参数(波长、功率密度、重复率、脉宽)可调节的光刺激装置发出的待检测的光信号。玻璃管中的微 电极用于测量神经细胞膜电流。神经细胞膜电流变换通过生物电信号放大器进行微小电流信号的采集，并使用实验数据记录系统对采集信号进行记录和分析。
本发明所提出的检测系统通过多波长、多参量(能量密度、脉冲宽度、重复率等)可调节的光刺激装置，进行光刺激下神经细胞内膜电流、神经细胞膜电流的测量。若检测到某种参数的光信号诱发了待测神经细胞的膜电流变化或者产生了膜电流，即说明待测神经细胞其活动能被该参量光信号干预和调控。进行膜电位(电流)的测量时，一个测量周期内只使用某种单一特定参数的刺激光A，避免多种波长光信号相互干扰。整体测量过程中，通过渐进式策略逐步调节刺激光A的参量，来测量待测神经细胞的光调控响应参量阈值和调控范围。
图2中检测系统由多参数可编程光刺激器、光纤固定器、显微镜、玻璃管、测量电极、玻璃管微电极操作器、神经细胞膜电流(电位)信号采集放大器、测量结果记录装置、操作台等部件组成；在操作台上放置有培养皿，培养皿内有神经细胞浴液和待测神经细胞，培养皿的上方是显微镜，培养皿的一侧是测量电极，另一侧是多参数可编程光刺激器；测量电极与神经细胞膜电流(电位)信号采集放大器相连，神经细胞膜电流(电位)信号采集放大器与测量结果记录装置相连，且测量电极与神经细胞膜之间形成高阻封接(如为GΩ)。多参数可编程光刺激器与光纤耦合器相连，光纤通过光纤固定仪固定，多参数可编程光刺激器发出的光源通过光纤耦合输出后，使用光纤固定仪将其固定至可以辐照到待测神经细胞的位置。
上述的测量电极采用玻璃管微电极，其包括玻璃管和测量电极，所述玻 璃管为锥形，其尖端直径要小于单个待测神经细胞体尺寸(如为1-2μm)，且敞口；所述的测量电极从玻璃管的尾部插入到玻璃管内，在玻璃管内灌装有电极内液。
作为进一步的技术方案，还包括参考电极，所述的参考电极浸于神经细胞浴液内，参考电极与信号采集放大器的信号接地端相连接。
图3为本发明中使用的多参数可调节光刺激装置，它有三个部分组成：可编程调节光参数控制模块、多个单波长刺激光发生模块、光纤耦合器。其中可编程调节光参数控制模块可通过用户的配置，定时发生不同参数的刺激光，控制对应波长的刺激光发生模块生成对应参数的刺激光，经过光纤耦合器输出。
本发明提出的基于多光谱多参量光刺激的神经细胞膜电位检测方法，所述方法采用神经细胞膜电位(电流)变化作为光调控神经细胞活动的表征，使用多参数渐进式调节的方式进行光参数扫描式测量。其中刺激光的参数包含：光波长、脉冲宽度、重复率、功率密度等参数。待测神经细胞为离体单个神经细胞，可以是离体培养的或手术剥离处理的。具体步骤如下：
选取离体培养适当时长(如24-48小时)的待测神经细胞，或手术分离并进行急性分离处理的待测神经细胞。配置神经细胞膜电流测量所需的电极内液、细胞外液等溶液，制作玻璃微管电极并灌注电极内液。将盛有待测神经细胞的培养皿放置在倒置显微镜的观测台，通过电极操作台使得玻璃微管电极与神经细胞膜之间形成高阻封接(如为GΩ)。
将本发明中采用的多参数光刺激系统光源通过光纤耦合输出后，使用光纤固定仪将其固定至可以辐照到待测神经细胞的位置。输入刺激光调节参量 变化范围，在一定的时间内分别从小到大渐进方式对能量密度、脉冲宽度、频率等参数进行调节，在短时间内完成一系列相同波长下不同光参数的光刺激。然后通过膜电流信号放大器采集电极端微小膜电流(如pA级)信号，在后端连接的实验记录系统上，记录在不同参数光刺激下，能否诱发神经细胞膜电流的产生。随后切换不同波长的刺激光，通过上述光参数递进式扫描检测神经细胞膜电位(电流)的变化，以探测不同波段的刺激光能否诱发待测神经细胞的膜电流，以及待测神经细胞的光调控是否具有波长特异性。如图3所示，为本发明所使用的光刺激装置结构示意图。
有别于其他方法，配合本发明中提到的多波长、多参量可调节的光刺激装置，所述方法检测系统采用光参数渐进式扫描检测神经细胞膜电位(电流)的方法，可以较快速的检测某一波段刺激光某参数下能否诱发待测神经细胞的膜电流产生的特异性效应，并根据渐进式扫描方式找到膜电流激发的光参数阈值。
所述方法中光参数在一定范围内从小到大渐进式扫描检测的策略如下：使用波长为A刺激光，每间隔一定时段，渐进改变光功率密度，测量神经细胞膜电流响应。在其它参量保持不变条件下，每个刺激时段为E秒，每段光刺激功率密度变化值为b。假设功率密度检测范围为W，则光功率密度参数需变动次数n＝W/b，这组测量时间为t＝E·W/b，即对指定功率密度变化范围内整体测量时间为n·E秒。对于其他光参量(如：重复率、脉宽等)的渐进式调节测量，可以此类推。例如：在某实际测量中，采用450nm波长的脉冲激光，在200us的脉冲宽度下，重复率为11Hz，平均功率密度范围：0-12mJ/mm 2，每次改变功率密度0.5mJ/mm 2，每段光刺激持续时间为1s。此时神经细胞单波 长这组多参数扫描式测量时间为：1×12/0.5＝1X24＝24秒。
实施例
在具体的实施方案中，以小鼠听觉神经细胞为待测细胞实施了本发明，所述方法包括以下步骤：
1.细胞培养和标本制备
选取C57/BL新生小鼠，解剖取出耳蜗中的螺旋神经节细胞，消化分离后置于放有细胞爬片的培养皿中进行离体培养，温度控制在37℃，气体环境为95％空气和5％CO 2，培养24小时以后备用。测试实验前，需配置细胞浴液、电极内液等测试过程中需要的溶液。测量时，将细胞爬片放入含有细胞浴液(人工脑髓液)的培养皿中，然后培养皿放置到显微镜载物台上。
2.光刺激装置参量设置
根据所需测量的光参数配置多参数可调节光刺激装置，使其能够在一定时间内按照光参数渐进调节方式进行刺激光的输出。如：激光波长选用450nm、515nm、808nm、980nm、1065nm等波段，重复率为1Hz，参考电脉冲刺激的典型脉冲宽度200μs，功率密度由0-30mJ/mm 2以0.5mJ的步长渐进递增。
3.玻璃管微电极制作安装
玻璃管微电极，包括一个锥状的玻璃管和一个测量电极；具体制作，拉制玻璃管，使玻璃管的尖端直径约1-2μm，且尖端敞口，将测量电极的一端从尾部插入到玻璃管内，另一端与信号采集放大器相连，以电极内液充灌玻璃管微电极，将其装于微操作器上并旋紧；玻璃管微电极灌入电极内液后阻抗为5-10MΩ。将浸于细胞浴液的参考电极与信号采集放大器的信号接地端相连接；微电极中的电极内液通过测量电极和探头的信号端相连接。
其中此处的参考电极、测量电极均采用Ag/AgC l。
4.相界电位补偿和电极电阻的测量：
对电极施以小幅值(5mV)的方波电压脉冲，此时只看到零位电流基线上叠加有小的电容电流尖波；通过和微电极夹持器内部相通的塑料管对微电极内轻施正压，在微操纵器控制下使微电极进入浴液，电流基线将马上漂离零位，但由于负反馈调节作用又会逐渐漂回，基线上叠加有响应电流方波。调节相界电位补偿，令输出电流为零并根据脉冲电压方波引起的电流响应幅值测量微电极电阻。
5.细胞封接
选择表面光滑且透光度好的、状态良好的神经元进行实验，调节微操纵器使微电极尖端接近细胞表面并压紧细胞，将玻璃管微电极内正压释放，再施以负压，使封接电阻达GΩ级，此时方波电流缩至基线。
6.快电容补偿：
将电流放大倍数调高，调节设备参数进行快速电容电流补偿，使输出电流信号中的快电容电流成分消失。
7.光刺激下的细胞膜电流测量
正式进入细胞膜电流测量之前，将光刺激装置上输出光纤通过光纤固定仪固定，并微调其位置使其输出光辐照待测的细胞，随后启动光刺激设备，按照设置好的顺序开始输出刺激光，在微电极电压钳模式中，通过信号放大器中的反馈功能控制细胞内的电位，并同时开启细胞膜电流的测量。测量过程中，根据细胞活性及时更换待测细胞样品，分时段完成细胞膜电流的测量。
8.数据分析
检查分析测得膜电流数据，对比时间关系分析哪些光参数刺激条件下，膜电流有剧烈的变化。根据刺激光参数变化的时间序列关系找到相应的光刺激阈值和动态响应特性。多次重复并更换刺激光波长，以检测分析光调控细胞活动是否是特异性的。本实验在波长450nm光脉冲刺激时，测得上述细胞膜电位变化结果如图4所示。
上述检测方法可对天然细胞未知的光敏效应进行检测，也可用于验证转基因细胞在特定光敏蛋白对应波长光刺激下的细胞膜电位的测量。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (7)

  1. 多光谱多参量光刺激离体细胞膜电位检测方法，采用多光谱多参量光刺激离体细胞膜电位检测系统，其特征在于，所述多光谱多参量光刺激离体细胞膜电位检测系统包括操作台，在所述的操作台上放置有培养皿，所述的培养皿内放置有待测神经细胞和神经细胞浴液，培养皿中神经细胞浴液的成分与神经细胞间质液类似，能够维持神经细胞活性并含有多种离子，培养皿的上方是显微镜，培养皿的一侧设有测量电极，另一侧设有光刺激装置；所述的测量电极与信号采集放大器相连，所述的信号采集放大器与测量结果记录仪相连，且所述的测量电极与神经细胞膜之间形成高阻封接；
    采用神经细胞膜电流变化作为神经细胞活动与否的表征，使用多参数渐进式调节方式进行光参数的扫描式测量；
    (1)神经细胞处理：神经细胞离体培养或急性分离处理后，在不同光刺激条件下，通过玻璃管微电极进行贴附式测量其神经细胞膜电流变化；
    (2)光刺激输出方式：由多参数可编程调节的光刺激装置，通过多参数渐进式调节方法进行光刺激参数的扫描式测量；
    (3)特异性测量：对不同波长的刺激光，分别进行其他光参数渐进式调节下的膜电流测量，以检测光刺激神经细胞膜电流产生的波长特异性。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的多光谱多参量光刺激离体细胞膜电位检测方法，其特征在于，所述的光刺激装置包括多参数可编程光刺激器，多参数可编程光刺激器与光纤相连，多参数可编程光刺激器产生的光通过光纤耦合器输入光纤，所述的光纤通过固定器固定，使光纤输出端口固定至可以辐照待测神经细胞的合适位置。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的多光谱多参量光刺激离体细胞膜电位检测方法， 其特征在于，所述的测量电极采用玻璃管微电极，其包括玻璃管和测量电极，所述玻璃管为锥形，且尖端敞口；所述的测量电极从玻璃管的尾部插入到玻璃管内，在玻璃管内灌装有电极内液。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的多光谱多参量光刺激离体细胞膜电位检测方法，其特征在于，所述的测量电极的尖端直径要比神经细胞体直径小。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的多光谱多参量光刺激离体细胞膜电位检测方法，其特征在于，还包括参考电极，所述的参考电极浸于神经细胞浴液内，参考电极与所述的信号采集放大器的信号接地端相连接。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的多光谱多参量光刺激离体细胞膜电位检测方法，其特征在于，所述的光刺激装置，包括可编程调节光参数控制模块、多个单波段刺激光发生模块；其中可编程调节光参数控制模块可通过用户的配置，定时发生不同参数的刺激光，控制对应波长的光发生模块生成对应参数的刺激光信号，经过光纤耦合器输出。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的多光谱多参量光刺激离体细胞膜电位检测方法，其特征在于，所述的待测神经细胞为离体单个神经细胞，为离体培养或手术剥离处理的神经细胞。
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