WO2023040887A1

WO2023040887A1 - Information reporting method and apparatus, terminal and readable storage medium

Info

Publication number: WO2023040887A1
Application number: PCT/CN2022/118710
Authority: WO
Inventors: 杨昂; 史斯豪; 贾承璐
Original assignee: 维沃移动通信有限公司
Priority date: 2021-09-18
Filing date: 2022-09-14
Publication date: 2023-03-23
Also published as: CN115913486A

Abstract

The present application discloses an information reporting method and apparatus, a terminal and a readable storage medium, which relate to the technical field of communications. The information reporting method in embodiments of the present application comprises: a terminal uses a first reference signal (RS) to perform data measurement for an artificial intelligence (AI) model, and reports first content related to the data measurement.

Description

Information reporting method, device, terminal and readable storage medium

Cross References to Related Applications

This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202111113305.X filed in China on September 18, 2021, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.

technical field

The present application belongs to the technical field of communication, and in particular relates to an information reporting method, device, terminal and readable storage medium.

Background technique

With the development of communication technology, artificial intelligence (AI) models are gradually becoming an indispensable part of network architecture. AI models have been widely used in many fields. When using the AI model to perform corresponding processing, the performance of the AI model directly determines the processing effect. Therefore, how to improve the performance of AI models in the network is an urgent problem to be solved.

Contents of the invention

Embodiments of the present application provide an information reporting method, device, terminal, and readable storage medium, which can solve the problem of how to improve the performance of an AI model in a network.

In the first aspect, a method for reporting information is provided, including:

The terminal uses the first RS to perform data measurement for the AI model;

The terminal reports first content related to the data measurement.

In the second aspect, an information reporting device is provided, including:

A measurement module, configured to use the first RS to perform data measurement for the AI model;

A reporting module, configured to report first content related to the data measurement.

In a third aspect, a terminal is provided. The terminal includes a processor, a memory, and a program or instruction stored in the memory and operable on the processor. When the program or instruction is executed by the processor The steps of the method described in the first aspect are realized.

In a fourth aspect, a terminal is provided, including a processor and a communication interface, wherein the processor is configured to use a first RS to perform data measurement for an AI model, and report first content related to the data measurement.

According to a fifth aspect, a readable storage medium is provided, and a program or an instruction is stored on the readable storage medium, and when the program or instruction is executed by a processor, the steps of the method according to the first aspect are implemented.

A sixth aspect provides a chip, the chip includes a processor and a communication interface, the communication interface is coupled to the processor, the processor is used to run programs or instructions, and implement the method as described in the first aspect A step of.

In a seventh aspect, a computer program/program product is provided, the computer program/program product is stored in a non-transitory storage medium, and the program/program product is executed by at least one processor to implement the program described in the first aspect The steps of the method.

In the embodiment of the present application, the terminal may use the first RS to perform data measurement for the AI model, and report the first content related to the data measurement. Therefore, by properly setting the first RS and/or the first content, the performance of the AI model in the network can be improved, thereby improving system performance.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a wireless communication system to which an embodiment of the present application is applicable;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a neural network in the embodiment of the present application;

Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the neuron of neural network in the embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 4 is a flow chart of an information reporting method provided by an embodiment of the present application;

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an information reporting device provided by an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a terminal provided in an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a terminal provided by an embodiment of the present application.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, but not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in this application belong to the protection scope of this application.

The terms "first", "second" and the like in the specification and claims of the present application are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not used to describe a specific order or sequence. It is to be understood that the terms so used are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the application are capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein and that "first" and "second" distinguish objects. It is usually one category, and the number of objects is not limited. For example, there may be one or more first objects. In addition, "and/or" in the description and claims means at least one of the connected objects, and the character "/" generally means that the related objects are an "or" relationship.

It is worth noting that the technology described in the embodiment of this application is not limited to the Long Term Evolution (Long Term Evolution, LTE)/LTE-Advanced (LTE-Advanced, LTE-A) system, and can also be used in other wireless communication systems, such as code Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access, OFDMA), Single-carrier Frequency-Division Multiple Access (Single-carrier Frequency-Division Multiple Access, SC-FDMA) and other systems. The terms "system" and "network" in the embodiments of the present application are often used interchangeably, and the described technology can be used for the above-mentioned system and radio technology, and can also be used for other systems and radio technologies. The following description describes the New Radio (NR) system for illustrative purposes, and uses NR terminology in most of the following descriptions, but these techniques can also be applied to applications other than NR system applications, such as the 6th generation (6 ^th Generation, 6G) communication system.

Fig. 1 shows a block diagram of a wireless communication system to which the embodiment of the present application is applicable. The wireless communication system includes a terminal 11 and a network side device 12 . Wherein, the terminal 11 can also be called a terminal device or a user terminal (User Equipment, UE), and the terminal 11 can be a mobile phone, a tablet computer (Tablet Personal Computer), a laptop computer (Laptop Computer) or a notebook computer, a personal digital Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), Pocket PC, Netbook, Ultra-Mobile Personal Computer (UMPC), Mobile Internet Device (MID), Augmented Reality (AR)/Virtual Reality (Virtual Reality, VR) equipment, robots, wearable devices (Wearable Device), vehicle equipment (Vehicle User Equipment, VUE), pedestrian terminal (Pedestrian User Equipment, PUE), smart home (home equipment with wireless communication function, Such as refrigerators, TVs, washing machines or furniture, etc.), wearable devices include: smart watches, smart bracelets, smart headphones, smart glasses, smart jewelry (smart bracelets, smart bracelets, smart rings, smart necklaces, smart anklets, smart anklets, etc.), smart wristbands, smart clothing, game consoles, etc. It should be noted that, the embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific type of the terminal 11 . The network side device 12 may be a base station or a core network, where a base station may be called a node B, an evolved node B, an access point, a base transceiver station (Base Transceiver Station, BTS), a radio base station, a radio transceiver, a basic service Basic Service Set (BSS), Extended Service Set (ESS), Node B, Evolved Node B (eNB), Home Node B, Home Evolved Node B, Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) Area Network, WLAN) access point, wireless fidelity (Wireless Fidelity, WiFi) node, transmitting and receiving point (Transmitting Receiving Point, TRP) or some other suitable term in the field, as long as the same technical effect is achieved, all The above-mentioned base stations are not limited to specific technical terms. It should be noted that in the embodiment of the present application, only the base stations in the NR system are taken as examples, but the specific types of the base stations are not limited.

Optionally, the AI model in the embodiment of the present application can be implemented in various ways, such as neural network, decision tree, support vector machine, Bayesian classifier, and so on. The following embodiments are described by taking a neural network as an example, but the specific type of the AI model is not limited.

Optionally, a neural network in the embodiment of the present application may be shown in Figure 2, including an input layer, a hidden layer, and an output layer. The input of the input layer is X ₁ , X ₂ ... X _n , corresponding to the output layer The output is Y. A neural network is composed of neurons, which can be shown in Figure 3. Among them, a ₁ , a ₂ ... a _K is the input of the neuron, w is the weight (or called: multiplicative coefficient), b is the bias (or called: additive coefficient), σ(.) is activation function. Common activation functions include Sigmoid function, hyperbolic tangent tanh function, linear rectification function (Rectified Linear Unit, ReLU, or modified linear unit) and so on.

In some embodiments, the parameters of the neural network are optimized by an optimization algorithm. An optimization algorithm is a type of algorithm that minimizes or maximizes an objective function (or called: loss function). The objective function is often a mathematical combination of model parameters and data. For example, given the model input data X and its corresponding label Y, construct a neural network model f(.), after the model is constructed, the predicted output f(x) can be obtained according to the input data x, and the predicted value and The gap between the real values (f(x)-Y), this is the loss function. The purpose of neural network model training is to find the appropriate weight w and bias b to minimize the value of the corresponding loss function. The smaller the loss value, the closer the model is to the real situation.

Optionally, the optimization algorithm used for the neural network in the embodiment of the present application includes but is not limited to: gradient descent (Gradient Descent), stochastic gradient descent (Stochastic Gradient Descent, SGD), mini-batch gradient descent (small batch gradient descent) , momentum method (Momentum), Nesterov (the name of the inventor, specifically stochastic gradient descent with momentum), adaptive gradient descent (Adaptive Gradient descent, Adagrad), optimization algorithm Adadelta, root mean square error deceleration (root mean square prop, RMSprop), adaptive momentum estimation (Adaptive Moment Estimation, Adam), etc. These optimization algorithms are based on the error/loss obtained by the loss function when the error is backpropagated, and the derivative/partial derivative of the current neuron is calculated, and the learning rate, the previous gradient/partial derivative/derivative, etc. are added to obtain the gradient. Pass the gradient to the previous layer.

The information reporting method, device, terminal and readable storage medium provided by the embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below through some embodiments and application scenarios with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Please refer to FIG. 4. FIG. 4 is a flow chart of an information reporting method provided by an embodiment of the present application. The method is executed by a terminal. As shown in FIG. 4, the method includes the following steps:

Step 41: the terminal uses the first RS to perform data measurement for the AI model.

In this embodiment, the first reference signal (Reference Signal, RS) is a special RS, which can be called but not limited to any of the following: data acquisition RS, channel acquisition RS, channel detection RS, training RS, artificial intelligence channel status Information reference signal (Artificial Intelligence Channel State Information Reference Signal, AI-CSI-RS), data acquisition channel state information reference signal (Channel State Information Reference Signal, CSI-RS), channel acquisition CSI-RS, training CSI-RS, etc.

The above data measurement for the AI model can be understood as: the purpose of this data measurement is for the AI model in the communication module, such as for training the AI model, for updating the AI model, for generating the AI model, for analyzing The performance of the AI model, etc.

It should be pointed out that the data measurement in the embodiment of the present application is from the perspective of the terminal. From the perspective of the AI model, this data measurement may also be referred to as data collection, which is not limited.

Step 42: The terminal reports first content related to data measurement.

In some embodiments, the terminal may report the first content to the network side device. After receiving the first content, the network side device may perform AI model training/processing/analysis operations, etc. according to the first content.

In some other embodiments, the terminal may report the first content to other terminals, so that other terminals perform AI model training/processing/analysis operations, etc. according to the first content.

In some other embodiments, the network side device can measure the data of the AI model, and send the content related to the data measurement to the terminal, so that the terminal can perform AI model training/processing/analysis operations, etc.

In the information reporting method of the embodiment of the present application, the terminal may use the first RS to perform data measurement for the AI model, and report the first content related to the data measurement. Therefore, by properly setting the first RS and/or the first content, the performance of the AI model in the network can be improved, thereby improving system performance.

In some embodiments, the first RS may satisfy at least one of the following: downlink multiplexing CSI-RS, uplink multiplexing Sounding Reference Signal (Sounding Reference Signal, SRS). That is to say, the first RS is not newly defined, but the report of the first content is newly defined, and the performance of the AI model in the network is improved by means of the newly defined report.

In this embodiment of the present application, in order to effectively improve the efficiency of collecting data on the network side, reduce the conflict and impact on other services/channels/signals, and reduce the signaling overhead of measurement resource configuration, the measurement resource configuration of the first RS can satisfy at least the following one item:

(1) The time domain configuration meets any of the following: aperiodic, semi-persistent, and conditional triggering.

In some embodiments, the time domain configuration of the first RS can only be aperiodic.

(2) The frequency domain configuration is full bandwidth.

In some embodiments, the first RS has full bandwidth on the active bandwidth part (Bandwidth Part, BWP).

In some embodiments, since some information such as positioning information, demodulation reference signal (Demodulation Reference Signal, DMRS) channel estimation information, etc. are reported, the first RS may not need full bandwidth configuration, so it can only be used for reporting of original channel information When , the first RS has a full bandwidth in frequency domain configuration.

In some embodiments, for Orthogonal Time Frequency Space (OTFS), the first RS is configured with full bandwidth in the full Doppler domain and/or the full delay domain.

(3) Configure when the network is idle.

In some embodiments, the measurement resources of the first RS are only configured when the network is idle, so as to ensure measurement efficiency. For example, when the network idle rate is higher/higher than or equal to a certain threshold, and/or the system resource occupancy rate is lower than/lower than or equal to a certain threshold, the measurement resource of the first RS is configured.

(4) Configured within a preset time interval.

Optionally, the aforementioned preset time interval may be a certain fixed time interval, that is, the measurement resource of the first RS can only be configured within a certain fixed time interval. The aforementioned preset time interval may be set based on actual needs. For example, the measurement resources of the first RS can only be configured from time T1 in the evening of the current day to time T2 in the next day.

(5) It is configured within a preset time interval, and the resource configuration ratio is lower than the first threshold.

Optionally, the aforementioned preset time interval may be some fixed time interval, which may be set based on actual needs. The foregoing first threshold may be set based on actual requirements, which is not limited.

For example, from T3 to T4 in one day, the measurement resource occupied by the first RS is lower than the first threshold.

(6) The transmission and/or reception of the first information is not performed within the measurement interval (gap).

Wherein, the measurement gap is used for the measurement of the first RS.

In some embodiments, within the measurement gap, the terminal does not expect to send and/or receive the first information.

Optionally, the first information may include but not limited to at least one of the following:

1) Preset reference signals; for example, synchronization signal block (Synchronization Signal and PBCH block, SSB), CSI-RS, tracking reference signal (Tracking Reference Signal, TRS), phase tracking reference signal (Phase-Tracking Reference Signal, PTRS) , Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) and so on.

2) Transmission channel; for example, Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), etc.

3) Control channels; for example, physical downlink control channel (Physical Downlink Control Channel, PDCCH), physical uplink control channel (Physical Uplink Control Channel, PUCCH), etc.

In the embodiment of the present application, different filtering methods may be used for the above data measurement results. Based on the results of the above data measurement, the terminal may perform any of the following:

No filtering, including no L1 filtering and/or no L3 filtering, etc.; this filtering method can ensure that the measurement data is an instantaneous result, and will not be affected by the measurement data at the previous and subsequent moments;

Only L1 filtering is performed, and L3 filtering is not performed; this filtering method can make the measurement data no longer instantaneous, smoother, and relatively small in time variability;

Perform L1 filtering and L3 filtering; that is, perform both L1 filtering and L3 filtering; this filtering method makes the measurement data represent the comprehensive characteristics within a period of time.

In the above content, L1 filtering is also called layer 1 filtering, and L3 filtering is also called layer 3 filtering.

Optionally, when performing conflict processing, the priority of the first RS may be lower than that of at least one of the following: PDCCH, PDSCH, PUSCH, PUCCH, SSB, CSI-RS, SRS, PTRS, TRS and so on. In this way, the data measurement used for the AI model minimizes the impact on other channel transmission or signal transmission.

In some embodiments, the priority of the first RS is lower than the priorities of the above channels and/or RSs,

Optionally, in order to reduce the overhead of configuration signaling, the maximum number of antenna ports of the first RS may be the same as the maximum number of antenna ports of the target RS; or, the number of antenna ports of the first RS may be the same as the number of antenna ports of the target RS.

In some embodiments, the target RS may be a non-zero power (Non zero power, NZP) CSI-RS. For example, the maximum number of antenna ports of the first RS is the same as the maximum number of ports of the NZP-CSI-RS.

In the embodiment of the present application, the reporting of the first content may be similar to CSI-RS and/or CSI reporting, but the content, accuracy, usage (Usage), etc. are different, so that the training/training of the AI model is performed according to the first content Processing operations, etc., can improve the performance of AI models.

Optionally, the first content may include but not limited to at least one of the following:

1) Pre-coding Matrix Indicator (Pre-coding Matrix Indicator, PMI).

2) Beamforming vectors.

3) Beamforming matrix information.

4) Channel quality. For example, the channel quality may include but not limited to at least one of the following: Channel Quality Indication (Channel Quality Indication, CQI), Rank Indication (Rank Indication, RI), Layer Indication (Layer Indicator, LI), Signal-to-Noise Ratio (Signal- to-Noise Ratio, SNR), signal to interference plus noise ratio (Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio, SINR), signal power, noise power, interference power, etc.

5) Original channel information.

Optionally, the original channel information may include but not limited to at least one of the following: ① channel matrix, such as channel information from each antenna/TXRU at the transmitting end to each antenna/TXRU at the receiving end, including amplitude, phase, etc.; ②The characteristics of the channel matrix Information, such as eigenvectors/singular vectors/SVD vectors/eigenvalues/singular values obtained through Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) etc., the other decompositions are, for example, triangular factorization (Triangular Factorization), QR factorization (QR Factorization), Cholesky decomposition, spectrum decomposition, etc.

6) Beam information. For example, the beam information includes but is not limited to at least one of the following: layer 1 reference signal receiving power (layer 1 Reference Signal Receiving Power, L1-RSRP), layer 1-SINR (L1-SINR), layer 1 reference signal receiving quality (layer 1 1Reference Signal Received Quality, L1-RSRQ), L3-RSRP, L3-SINR, L3-RSRQ, etc.

7) Time-domain stability information, that is, the degree of change of channel information within a period of time.

Optionally, the time domain stability information may include but not limited to at least one of the following channel information: variance, worst value, difference between the best value and the worst value, variation range, difference between the current value and the limit value, and Their mathematical combination, etc. Mathematical combination methods can include addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, Nth power, Nth root sign, logarithm, derivation, partial derivation and other common mathematical operations. N is an arbitrary number. For example, N can be positive, negative or 0, real or complex.

In an implementation manner, the time domain stability information is the difference between the current value of the CQI and the limit value. For example, if the current CQI is x1 and the best CQI within a period of time is x2, then the difference between the current value of the CQI and the limit value is x1-x2.

In another implementation manner, the time-domain stability information is a variation range of the RI. For example, if the highest value of RI is x1 and the lowest value of RI is x2 within a period of time, then the variation range of RI is [x2, x1] or [x1, x2].

8) Large-scale parameters.

Optionally, the large-scale parameter is a large-scale channel parameter or a large-scale channel parameter, such as Doppler shift (Doppler shift), Doppler spread (Doppler spread), average delay (average delay) and/or time Extension (delay spread) and so on.

9) Location information. Optionally, the location information is location information of the terminal.

Optionally, the first content reported by the terminal may include at least one of the following:

Channel data of the cell and the terminal;

The channel data between this cell and other terminals is forwarded by this terminal;

Channel data between adjacent cells and the terminal;

Channel data between this terminal and other terminals.

Understandably, a channel is a communication path formed by a sending end and a receiving end, that is, a sending end and a receiving end need to form a communication path to form a channel.

Optionally, the terminal and other terminals may be in one cell.

Optionally, in addition to the above content, the first content may also include at least one of the following:

RS identifier (Identifier, ID); in this way, with the help of RS ID, the corresponding RS can be clearly reported, that is, which RS the report corresponds to;

The terminal ID, for example, includes the terminal ID and/or terminal ID; in this way, with the help of the terminal ID, it is possible to clearly report the corresponding terminal, that is, which terminal the report corresponds to;

Cell ID; in this way, with the help of the cell ID, the cell corresponding to the report can be specified, that is, which cell the report corresponds to.

Optionally, the above-mentioned cell ID may include at least one of the following: physical cell ID, serving cell ID, transmission and reception point (Transmission Reception Point, TRP) ID, tracking area (Tracking Area) ID, cell group ID, associated with the cell The reference signal (Reference Signal, RS) identifier (for example, the synchronization signal block (Synchronization Signal and PBCH block, SSB) index (index) is associated with the cell, and a certain SSB index represents a certain cell), etc.

Optionally, the reporting format of the first content may satisfy at least one of the following:

1) The first content is quantized information. For example, the feature information of the channel matrix obtained by the terminal measurement is originally a floating-point number, which is quantized into a fixed-point number/bit stream.

2) Different types of reported content in the first content use different quantization levels. For example, the first content includes beam quality information and original channel information, the types of the beam quality information and the original channel information are different, and the quantization level of the beam quality information is different from that of the original channel information.

3) The quantization level of the first content is different from the quantization level reported by the CSI.

In some embodiments, for traditional beam quality reporting, the CSI-report configuration ReportConfig is configured as 'none', 'CSI-RS resource indication cri-RSRP', 'cri-SINR', 'cri-RSRQ', 'ssb-Index -RSRP', 'ssb-Index-SINR', 'ssb-Index-RSRQ'.

In some embodiments, for traditional CSI reporting, the CSI-reporting configuration ReportConfig is configured as 'cri-RI-PMI-CQI', 'cri-RI-i1', 'cri-RI-i1-CQI', 'cri-RI- CQI'.

Optionally, the reporting period of the first content may include: in the time domain configuration, any of the following items is satisfied: aperiodic, semi-persistent, and conditional triggering.

In some embodiments, the reporting period of the first content can only be aperiodic in terms of time domain configuration.

Optionally, the reporting bearer of the first content may include at least one of the following:

1) Physical layer, such as PUSCH, uplink non-control channel, etc.;

2) High layers, such as Media Access Control (Medium Access Control, MAC) control unit (Control Element, CE);

3) Application layer; for example, the first content is sent as service data.

In this way, the reporting of the first content can be realized by means of the physical layer/high layer/application layer.

In some embodiments, when the terminal is performing data measurement for the AI model, the number of CSI processing units (CSI processing units) for the data measurement is the same as the number of resources of the first RS, so that the collected channel information measured on the resources of an RS, to avoid missing information.

Optionally, when the terminal is performing data measurement for the AI model, the elapsed time of the data measurement may satisfy any of the following:

1) From the first time unit of the resource of the first RS to the last time unit reported. Wherein, the time unit may include but not limited to a symbol (symbol), a time slot (slot) and the like. For example, the occupancy time measured by the terminal may start from the first symbol of the resource of the first RS, that is, from the earliest symbol to the last reported symbol.

2) From the earliest occupancy moment of the resources of the first RS to the last reported occupancy moment.

Optionally, in order to enable the terminal and the network-side device to handle conflicts in the same manner, and to perform conflict processing according to the importance of transmission, that is, to preferentially transmit content with high importance, the conflict processing of the first content may satisfy at least one of the following:

Rule 1: Collision handling based on time domain behavior or bearer channel.

Optionally, this rule 1 includes at least one of the following:

The priority of aperiodic reporting is higher than that of semi-continuous reporting;

The priority of semi-continuous reporting is higher than that of periodic reporting;

The priority of aperiodic reporting is higher than that of periodic reporting;

The priority reported through the PUSCH is higher than the priority reported through the PUCCH.

Rule 2: Conflicts are handled according to the type of CSI report.

Optionally, this rule 2 may be: the reporting priority of the first content is lower than the priority of at least one of the following: aperiodic CSI reporting, semi-persistent CSI reporting, periodic CSI reporting, and CSI reporting for beam management.

In some embodiments, the channel for semi-persistent CSI reporting may be PUSCH and/or PUCCH.

In some embodiments, the reporting priority of the first content is lower than that of other content,

Rule 3: Perform conflict handling according to the serving cell and/or serving cell index.

For example, if the serving cell includes a primary cell (Pcell), a primary secondary cell (Pscell) and a secondary cell (Scell), the order of reporting priorities may be: Pcell>Pscell>Scell.

For another example, if the serving cell only includes Scells, among the Scells, the reporting priority can be arranged in ascending order according to the index, such as Scell 1>Scell 2>Scell 3; it can also be arranged in descending order according to the index, such as Scell 3>Scell 2 >Scell 1.

Rule 4: Conflicts are handled according to the reported configuration identifier.

For example, if there are content reports corresponding to multiple reporting configurations, the reporting priorities may be arranged in ascending order according to the reporting configuration identifiers, or may be arranged in descending order according to the reporting configuration identifiers.

In the embodiment of the present application, the first RS can only be sent/received, and/or the first content can be reported only when certain conditions are met. That is to say, the sending and receiving of the first RS and/or the reporting of the first content (report) may be performed when at least one of the following conditions is met:

1) The terminal and/or network-side device has the ability to perform corresponding operations based on the AI model.

For example, if the first RS and/or report are used for channel estimation, then when the terminal and/or network-side device has the ability to perform channel estimation based on the AI model, it can send/receive the first RS and/or report the first content.

For another example, if the first RS and/or report are used for CSI feedback, then when the terminal and/or the network side device has the ability to perform CSI feedback based on the AI model, it can send/receive the first RS, and/or report the first content .

2) The terminal and/or network side equipment supports real-time AI model training of corresponding modules.

For example, if the first RS and/or report are used for channel estimation, then when the terminal and/or network side equipment supports real-time AI model training of the channel estimation module, it can send/receive the first RS, and/or report the first content, And/or the network side device may configure the first RS, and/or the network side device may configure reporting of the first content.

For another example, if the first RS and/or report are used for CSI feedback, then when the terminal and/or network side device supports real-time AI model training of the CSI feedback module, it can send/receive the first RS, and/or report the first content , and/or the network side device may configure the first RS, and/or the network side device may configure reporting of the first content.

3) The terminal and/or network-side device supports/allows data collection for the AI model.

For example, if the UE reports to the network-side device, if the UE does not support/allow data collection for the AI model, it cannot send/receive the first RS and/or report the first content, and/or the network-side device cannot configure the first RS, And/or the network side device cannot configure the reporting of the first content.

For another example, if the UE reports to the network-side device, and the UE supports/allows data collection for the AI model, it can send/receive the first RS, and/or report the first content, and/or the network-side device can configure the first RS , and/or the network side device may configure reporting of the first content.

For another example, if the UE does not report to the network side device whether it supports/allows data collection for the AI model, it cannot send/receive the first RS, and/or report the first content, and/or the network side device cannot configure the first RS. The RS and/or the network side device cannot configure the reporting of the first content.

For another example, if the UE does not report to the network side device whether it supports/allows data collection for the AI model, it can send/receive the first RS, and/or report the first content, and/or the network side device can configure the first RS The RS and/or the network side device may configure reporting of the first content.

4) There is no data service within the preset time; or, the data service volume within the preset time is lower than the second threshold.

Optionally, the aforementioned preset time may be set based on actual needs, which is not limited.

5) The power of the terminal exceeds the third threshold.

6) The channel quality exceeds the fourth threshold.

Optionally, the channel quality may include but not limited to at least one of the following: CQI, RI, LI, SNR, SINR, signal power, noise power, interference power, and the like.

In an implementation manner, when the CQI exceeds the fourth threshold, the first RS may be sent/received, and/or the first content may be reported.

7) The first interference is lower than the fifth threshold.

Optionally, the first interference may be at least one of the following: intra-cell interference, inter-cell interference, other terminal interference, terminal own module interference, etc.; this is not limited.

8) The first noise power is lower than the sixth threshold.

Optionally, the first noise power may be at least one of the following: noise at the receiving module of the terminal, noise at other modules of the terminal except the receiving module, noise at the sending module at the network side, and noise at other modules at the network side except the sending module noise.

9) The transmit power of the terminal and/or the network side device is higher than the seventh threshold.

10) The bandwidth of the first frequency domain exceeds the eighth threshold.

Optionally, the first frequency domain bandwidth may be the frequency domain bandwidth used by the terminal and/or the network side device. For example, all available frequency domain bandwidth of the terminal, frequency domain bandwidth of terminal activated BWP, frequency domain bandwidth of terminal primary cell and/or secondary cell and/or primary secondary cell, all available frequency domain bandwidth of network side equipment, network The frequency domain bandwidth of the side device activating the BWP, and the frequency domain bandwidth of the primary cell and/or the secondary cell and/or the primary secondary cell of the network side device are not limited.

It should be pointed out that the first threshold, the second threshold, the third threshold, the fourth threshold, the fifth threshold, the sixth threshold, the seventh threshold and the eighth threshold can be the same or different, and can be set based on actual needs. Not limited.

It should be noted that, the information reporting method provided in the embodiment of the present application may be executed by an information reporting device, or a control module in the information reporting device for executing the information reporting method. In the embodiment of the present application, the information reporting device executed by the information reporting device is taken as an example to describe the information reporting device provided in the embodiment of the present application.

Please refer to FIG. 5. FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an information reporting device provided by an embodiment of the present application. The device is applied to a terminal. As shown in FIG. 5, the information reporting device 50 includes:

A measurement module 51, configured to use the first RS to perform data measurement for the AI model;

A reporting module 52, configured to report first content related to the data measurement.

Optionally, the first RS satisfies at least one of the following:

The downlink multiplexes the CSI-RS and the uplink multiplexes the SRS.

Optionally, the measurement resource configuration of the first RS satisfies at least one of the following:

The time domain configuration meets any of the following: aperiodic, semi-persistent, and conditional triggering;

The frequency domain configuration is full bandwidth;

Configure when the network is idle;

Configured within a preset time interval;

Configured within a preset time interval, and the resource allocation ratio is lower than the first threshold;

No sending and/or receiving of the first information is performed within the measurement interval.

Optionally, the first information includes at least one of the following:

Preset reference signal, transmission channel, control channel.

Optionally, the information reporting device 50 also includes:

An execution module, configured to execute any of the following for the result of the data measurement:

no filtering;

Only L1 filtering is performed, and L3 filtering is not performed;

Perform L1 filtering and L3 filtering.

Optionally, the priority of the first RS is lower than the priority of at least one of the following:

Physical downlink control channel PDCCH, physical downlink shared channel PDSCH, physical uplink shared channel PUSCH, physical uplink control channel PUCCH, synchronization signal block SSB, CSI-RS, SRS, phase tracking reference signal PTRS, tracking reference signal TRS.

Optionally, the maximum number of antenna ports of the first RS is the same as the maximum number of antenna ports of the target RS; or, the number of antenna ports of the first RS is the same as the number of antenna ports of the target RS.

Optionally, the first content includes at least one of the following:

The precoding matrix indicates PMI;

beamforming vector;

Beamforming Matrix Information

channel quality;

original channel information;

beam information;

Temporal stability information;

Large-scale parameters;

location information.

Optionally, the first content includes at least one of the following:

Channel data of the cell and the terminal;

Channel data between the cell and other terminals;

Channel data between adjacent cells and the terminal;

Channel data between this terminal and other terminals.

Optionally, the first content further includes at least one of the following:

Reference signal identification;

terminal identification;

Community ID.

Optionally, the reporting format of the first content satisfies at least one of the following:

The first content is quantified information;

Different types of reported content in the first content use different quantization levels;

The quantization level of the first content is different from the quantization level reported by the CSI.

Optionally, the reporting period of the first content includes: in the time domain configuration, any of the following is satisfied: aperiodic, semi-persistent, and conditional triggering.

Optionally, the reporting bearer of the first content includes at least one of the following:

physical layer;

high-level;

application layer.

Optionally, the number of CSI processing units for the data measurement is the same as the number of resources of the first RS.

Optionally, the elapsed time of the data measurement satisfies any of the following:

From the first time unit of the resources of the first RS to the last time unit reported;

From the earliest resource occupancy moment of the first RS to the last reported occupancy moment.

Optionally, the conflict handling of the first content satisfies at least one of the following:

Collision handling based on time domain behavior or bearer channel;

Conflict handling according to the type of CSI report;

Conflict handling is performed according to the serving cell and/or the serving cell index;

Conflict handling is performed according to the reported configuration identifier.

Optionally, the performing conflict handling according to the time domain behavior or the bearer channel includes at least one of the following:

The priority of aperiodic reporting is higher than that of periodic reporting;

Optionally, when conflict processing is performed according to the CSI reporting type, the reporting priority of the first content is lower than the priority of at least one of the following: aperiodic CSI reporting, semi-persistent CSI reporting, periodic CSI reporting, Managed CSI reporting.

Optionally, the sending and receiving of the first RS and/or the reporting of the first content are performed when at least one of the following conditions is met:

The terminal and/or network-side device has the ability to perform corresponding operations based on the AI model;

The terminal and/or network side equipment supports real-time AI model training of corresponding modules;

The terminal and/or network side equipment supports data collection for AI models;

There is no data service within the preset time; or, the data traffic volume within the preset time is lower than the second threshold;

The power of the terminal exceeds a third threshold;

The channel quality exceeds the fourth threshold;

the first interference is lower than the fifth threshold;

the first noise power is lower than the sixth threshold;

The transmit power of the terminal and/or the network side device is higher than the seventh threshold;

The first frequency domain bandwidth exceeds the eighth threshold.

The information reporting device in the embodiment of the present application may be a device, a device with an operating system or an electronic device, or it may be a component, an integrated circuit, or a chip in a terminal. The apparatus or electronic equipment may be a mobile terminal or a non-mobile terminal. Exemplarily, the mobile terminal may include but not limited to the types of terminals 11 listed above, and the non-mobile terminal may be a personal computer (personal computer, PC), a television (television, TV), a teller machine or a self-service machine, etc., the present application Examples are not specifically limited.

The information reporting device provided by the embodiment of the present application can realize the various processes realized by the method embodiment in FIG. 4 and achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, details are not repeated here.

Optionally, as shown in FIG. 6 , the embodiment of the present application also provides a terminal 60, including a processor 61, a memory 62, and programs or instructions stored in the memory 62 and operable on the processor 61. When the programs or instructions are executed by the processor 61, the various processes of the above-mentioned information reporting method embodiments can be realized, and the same technical effect can be achieved. In order to avoid repetition, details are not repeated here.

An embodiment of the present application further provides a terminal, including a processor and a communication interface, and the processor is configured to use a first RS to perform data measurement for an AI model, and report first content related to the data measurement. The various implementation processes and implementation methods of the above method embodiments can be applied to the terminal embodiment, and can achieve the same technical effect, and will not be repeated here.

Specifically, FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a hardware structure of a terminal implementing an embodiment of the present application.

The terminal 700 includes but is not limited to: a radio frequency unit 701, a network module 702, an audio output unit 703, an input unit 704, a sensor 705, a display unit 706, a user input unit 707, an interface unit 708, a memory 709, and a processor 710, etc. at least some of the components.

Those skilled in the art can understand that the terminal 700 may also include a power supply (such as a battery) for supplying power to various components, and the power supply may be logically connected to the processor 710 through the power management system, so as to manage charging, discharging, and power consumption through the power management system. Management and other functions. The terminal structure shown in FIG. 7 does not constitute a limitation on the terminal, and the terminal may include more or fewer components than shown in the figure, or combine some components, or arrange different components, which will not be repeated here.

It should be understood that, in the embodiment of the present application, the input unit 704 may include a camera component 7041, a graphics processor (Graphics Processing Unit, GPU) 7042, and a microphone 7043, and the graphics processor 7042 is used in video capture mode or image capture mode by Image data of still pictures or videos obtained by an image capture device (such as a camera) is processed. The display unit 706 may include a display panel 7061, and the display panel 7061 may be configured in the form of a liquid crystal display, an organic light emitting diode, or the like. The user input unit 707 includes a touch panel 7071 and other input devices 7072 . The touch panel 7071 is also called a touch screen. The touch panel 7071 may include two parts, a touch detection device and a touch controller. Other input devices 7072 may include, but are not limited to, physical keyboards, function keys (such as volume control keys, switch keys, etc.), trackballs, mice, and joysticks, which will not be repeated here.

In the embodiment of the present application, the radio frequency unit 701 receives the downlink data from the network side device, and processes it to the processor 710; in addition, sends the uplink data to the network side device. Generally, the radio frequency unit 701 includes, but is not limited to, an antenna, at least one amplifier, a transceiver, a coupler, a low noise amplifier, a duplexer, and the like.

The memory 709 can be used to store software programs or instructions as well as various data. The memory 709 may mainly include a program or instruction storage area and a data storage area, wherein the program or instruction storage area may store an operating system, an application program or instructions required by at least one function (such as a sound playback function, an image playback function, etc.) and the like. In addition, the memory 709 may include a high-speed random access memory, and may also include a nonvolatile memory, wherein the nonvolatile memory may be a read-only memory (Read-Only Memory, ROM), a programmable read-only memory (Programmable ROM) , PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (Erasable PROM, EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (Electrically EPROM, EEPROM) or flash memory. For example at least one magnetic disk storage device, flash memory device, or other non-volatile solid-state storage device.

The processor 710 may include one or more processing units; optionally, the processor 710 may integrate an application processor and a modem processor, wherein the application processor mainly processes the operating system, user interface and application programs or instructions, etc., Modem processors mainly handle wireless communications, such as baseband processors. It can be understood that the foregoing modem processor may not be integrated into the processor 710 .

Wherein, the processor 710 is configured to use the first RS to perform data measurement for the AI model, and report first content related to the data measurement.

Optionally, the first RS satisfies at least one of the following:

The downlink multiplexes the CSI-RS and the uplink multiplexes the SRS.

The frequency domain configuration is full bandwidth;

Configure when the network is idle;

Configured within a preset time interval;

Optionally, the first information includes at least one of the following:

Preset reference signal, transmission channel, control channel.

Optionally, the processor 710 is configured to: perform any of the following for the result of the data measurement:

no filtering;

Only L1 filtering is performed, and L3 filtering is not performed;

Perform L1 filtering and L3 filtering.

Optionally, the first content includes at least one of the following:

The precoding matrix indicates PMI;

beamforming vector;

Beamforming Matrix Information

channel quality;

original channel information;

beam information;

Temporal stability information;

Large-scale parameters;

location information.

Optionally, the first content includes at least one of the following:

Channel data of the cell and the terminal;

Channel data between the cell and other terminals;

Channel data between adjacent cells and the terminal;

Channel data between this terminal and other terminals.

Optionally, the first content further includes at least one of the following:

Reference signal identification;

terminal identification;

Community ID.

The first content is quantified information;

physical layer;

high-level;

application layer.

From the first time unit of the resource of the first RS to the last time unit reported;

From the earliest occupancy moment of the resources of the first RS to the last reported occupancy moment.

Collision handling based on time domain behavior or bearer channel;

Conflict handling according to the type of CSI report;

The priority of aperiodic reporting is higher than that of periodic reporting;

The power of the terminal exceeds a third threshold;

The channel quality exceeds the fourth threshold;

the first interference is lower than the fifth threshold;

the first noise power is lower than the sixth threshold;

The first frequency domain bandwidth exceeds the eighth threshold.

The terminal 700 provided in the embodiment of the present application can implement various processes implemented in the method embodiment in FIG. 4 and achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, details are not repeated here.

The embodiment of the present application also provides a readable storage medium, on which a program or instruction is stored, and when the program or instruction is executed by a processor, each process of the above-mentioned information reporting method embodiment is realized, and the same To avoid repetition, the technical effects will not be repeated here.

Wherein, the processor is the processor in the terminal described in the foregoing embodiments. The readable storage medium includes computer readable storage medium, such as computer read-only memory (Read-Only Memory, ROM), random access memory (Random Access Memory, RAM), magnetic disk or optical disk, etc.

The embodiment of the present application also provides a computer program product, the computer program product is stored in a non-transitory storage medium, and the computer program product is executed by at least one processor to implement the various processes of the above information reporting method embodiment , and can achieve the same technical effect, in order to avoid repetition, it will not be repeated here.

The embodiment of the present application further provides a chip, the chip includes a processor and a communication interface, the communication interface is coupled to the processor, and the processor is used to run programs or instructions to implement the above information reporting method embodiment Each process can achieve the same technical effect, so in order to avoid repetition, it will not be repeated here.

It should be understood that the chip mentioned in the embodiment of the present application may also be called a system-on-chip, a system-on-chip, a system-on-a-chip, or a system-on-a-chip.

It should be noted that, in this document, the term "comprising", "comprising" or any other variation thereof is intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion such that a process, method, article or apparatus comprising a set of elements includes not only those elements, It also includes other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent in the process, method, article, or device. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a ..." does not preclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus comprising that element. In addition, it should be pointed out that the scope of the methods and devices in the embodiments of the present application is not limited to performing functions in the order shown or discussed, and may also include performing functions in a substantially simultaneous manner or in reverse order according to the functions involved. Functions are performed, for example, the described methods may be performed in an order different from that described, and various steps may also be added, omitted, or combined. Additionally, features described with reference to certain examples may be combined in other examples.

Through the description of the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by means of software plus a necessary general-purpose hardware platform, and of course also by hardware, but in many cases the former is better implementation. Based on such an understanding, the technical solution of the present application can be embodied in the form of computer software products, which are stored in a storage medium (such as ROM/RAM, magnetic disk, etc.) , CD-ROM), including several instructions to enable a terminal (which may be a mobile phone, computer, server, air conditioner, or network-side device, etc.) to execute the methods described in various embodiments of the present application.

The embodiments of the present application have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present application is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementations. The above-mentioned specific implementations are only illustrative and not restrictive. Those of ordinary skill in the art will Under the inspiration of this application, without departing from the purpose of this application and the scope of protection of the claims, many forms can also be made, all of which belong to the protection of this application.

Claims

A method for reporting information, comprising:

The terminal uses the first reference signal RS to perform data measurement for the artificial intelligence AI model;

The terminal reports first content related to the data measurement.
The method according to claim 1, wherein the first RS satisfies at least one of the following:

The channel state information reference signal CSI-RS is multiplexed in the downlink, and the sounding reference signal SRS is multiplexed in the uplink.
The method according to claim 1, wherein the measurement resource configuration of the first RS satisfies at least one of the following:

The time domain configuration meets any of the following: aperiodic, semi-persistent, and conditional triggering;

The frequency domain configuration is full bandwidth;

Configure when the network is idle;

Configured within a preset time interval;

Configured within a preset time interval, and the resource allocation ratio is lower than the first threshold;

No sending and/or receiving of the first information is performed within the measurement interval.
The method according to claim 3, wherein the first information includes at least one of the following:

Preset reference signal, transmission channel, control channel.
The method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:

The terminal performs any of the following for the result of the data measurement:

no filtering;

Only L1 filtering is performed, and L3 filtering is not performed;

Perform L1 filtering and L3 filtering.
The method according to claim 1, wherein the priority of the first RS is lower than the priority of at least one of the following:

Physical downlink control channel PDCCH, physical downlink shared channel PDSCH, physical uplink shared channel PUSCH, physical uplink control channel PUCCH, synchronization signal block SSB, CSI-RS, SRS, phase tracking reference signal PTRS, tracking reference signal TRS.
The method according to claim 1, wherein the maximum number of antenna ports of the first RS is the same as the maximum number of antenna ports of the target RS; or, the number of antenna ports of the first RS is the same as the number of antenna ports of the target RS .
The method according to claim 1, wherein the first content includes at least one of the following:

The precoding matrix indicates PMI;

beamforming vector;

Beamforming Matrix Information

channel quality;

original channel information;

beam information;

Temporal stability information;

Large-scale parameters;

location information.
The method according to claim 1, wherein the first content includes at least one of the following:

Channel data of the cell and the terminal;

Channel data between the cell and other terminals;

Channel data between adjacent cells and the terminal;

Channel data between this terminal and other terminals.
The method according to claim 8, wherein the first content further includes at least one of the following:

Reference signal identification;

terminal identification;

Community ID.
The method according to claim 1, wherein the reporting format of the first content satisfies at least one of the following:

The first content is quantified information;

Different types of reported content in the first content use different quantization levels;

The quantization level of the first content is different from the quantization level reported by the CSI.
The method according to claim 1, wherein the reporting period of the first content includes:

In the time domain configuration, any one of the following is satisfied: aperiodic, semi-persistent, and conditional trigger.
The method according to claim 1, wherein the reporting bearer of the first content includes at least one of the following:

physical layer;

high-level;

application layer.
The method according to claim 1, wherein the number of CSI processing units for the data measurement is the same as the number of resources of the first RS.
The method according to claim 1, wherein the elapsed time of the data measurement satisfies any of the following:

From the first time unit of the resources of the first RS to the last time unit reported;

From the earliest resource occupancy moment of the first RS to the last reported occupancy moment.
The method according to claim 1, wherein the conflict handling of the first content satisfies at least one of the following:

Collision handling based on time domain behavior or bearer channel;

Conflict handling according to the type of CSI report;

Conflict handling is performed according to the serving cell and/or the serving cell index;

Conflict handling is performed according to the reported configuration identifier.
The method according to claim 16, wherein said performing collision processing according to time domain behavior or bearer channel comprises at least one of the following:

The priority of aperiodic reporting is higher than that of semi-continuous reporting;

The priority of semi-continuous reporting is higher than that of periodic reporting;

The priority of aperiodic reporting is higher than that of periodic reporting;

The priority reported through the PUSCH is higher than the priority reported through the PUCCH.
The method according to claim 16, wherein when the conflict is handled according to the CSI reporting type, the reporting priority of the first content is lower than the priority of at least one of the following: aperiodic CSI reporting, semi-persistent CSI reporting, Periodic CSI reporting, CSI reporting for beam management.
The method according to claim 1, wherein the sending and receiving of the first RS and/or the reporting of the first content are performed when at least one of the following conditions is met:

The terminal and/or network-side device has the ability to perform corresponding operations based on the AI model;

The terminal and/or network side equipment supports real-time AI model training of corresponding modules;

The terminal and/or network side equipment supports data collection for AI models;

There is no data service within the preset time; or, the data traffic volume within the preset time is lower than the second threshold;

The power of the terminal exceeds a third threshold;

The channel quality exceeds the fourth threshold;

the first interference is lower than the fifth threshold;

the first noise power is lower than the sixth threshold;

The transmit power of the terminal and/or the network side device is higher than the seventh threshold;

The first frequency domain bandwidth exceeds the eighth threshold.
An information reporting device, comprising:

A measurement module, configured to use the first RS to perform data measurement for the AI model;

A reporting module, configured to report first content related to the data measurement.
The apparatus according to claim 20, wherein the measurement resource configuration of the first RS satisfies at least one of the following:

The time domain configuration meets any of the following: aperiodic, semi-persistent, and conditional triggering;

The frequency domain configuration is full bandwidth;

Configure when the network is idle;

Configured within a preset time interval;

Configured within a preset time interval, and the resource allocation ratio is lower than the first threshold;

No sending and/or receiving of the first information is performed within the measurement interval.
The device according to claim 20, wherein the device further comprises:

An execution module, configured to execute any of the following for the result of the data measurement:

no filtering;

Only L1 filtering is performed, and L3 filtering is not performed;

Perform L1 filtering and L3 filtering.
The apparatus according to claim 20, wherein the first content includes at least one of the following:

The precoding matrix indicates PMI;

beamforming vector;

Beamforming Matrix Information

channel quality;

original channel information;

beam information;

Temporal stability information;

Large-scale parameters;

location information.
The device according to claim 20, wherein the reporting format of the first content satisfies at least one of the following:

The first content is quantified information;

Different types of reported content in the first content use different quantization levels;

The quantization level of the first content is different from the quantization level reported by the CSI.
The device according to claim 20, wherein the conflict handling of the first content satisfies at least one of the following:

Collision handling based on time domain behavior or bearer channel;

Conflict handling according to the type of CSI report;

Conflict handling is performed according to the serving cell and/or the serving cell index;

Conflict handling is performed according to the reported configuration identifier.
The device according to claim 20, wherein the sending and receiving of the first RS and/or the reporting of the first content are performed when at least one of the following conditions is met:

Terminals and/or network-side devices have the ability to perform corresponding operations based on AI models;

Terminal and/or network-side devices support real-time AI model training of corresponding modules;

Terminal and/or network-side devices support data collection for AI models;

There is no data service within the preset time; or, the data traffic volume within the preset time is lower than the second threshold;

The power of the terminal exceeds the third threshold;

The channel quality exceeds the fourth threshold;

the first interference is lower than the fifth threshold;

the first noise power is lower than the sixth threshold;

The transmit power of the terminal and/or the network side device is higher than the seventh threshold;

The first frequency domain bandwidth exceeds the eighth threshold.
A terminal, comprising a processor, a memory, and a program or instruction stored on the memory and operable on the processor, wherein, when the program or instruction is executed by the processor, the following claims 1 to 1 are implemented. 19. The steps of the information reporting method described in any one of 19.
A readable storage medium, storing programs or instructions on the readable storage medium, wherein when the programs or instructions are executed by a processor, the steps of the information reporting method according to any one of claims 1 to 19 are realized.