WO2023040469A1 - Method for blast furnace iron smelting using multiple media blowing - Google Patents

Method for blast furnace iron smelting using multiple media blowing Download PDF

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WO2023040469A1
WO2023040469A1 PCT/CN2022/107907 CN2022107907W WO2023040469A1 WO 2023040469 A1 WO2023040469 A1 WO 2023040469A1 CN 2022107907 W CN2022107907 W CN 2022107907W WO 2023040469 A1 WO2023040469 A1 WO 2023040469A1
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blast furnace
gas
injection
hydrogen
media
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PCT/CN2022/107907
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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肖学文
王刚
李牧明
邹忠平
赵运建
牛群
郑军
侯世锋
熊拾根
翟晓波
吴开基
龙孟
许俊
全魁
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中冶赛迪工程技术股份有限公司
中冶赛迪技术研究中心有限公司
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Publication of WO2023040469A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023040469A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
    • C21B5/008—Composition or distribution of the charge
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
    • C21B5/007—Conditions of the cokes or characterised by the cokes used
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
    • C21B5/06—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace using top gas in the blast furnace process
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
    • Y02P10/134—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions by avoiding CO2, e.g. using hydrogen
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
    • Y02P10/143—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions of methane [CH4]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of blast furnace ironmaking, in particular to a blast furnace ironmaking method with multi-medium injection.
  • the existing low-carbon blast furnace technologies include blast furnace injection of hydrogen-rich gas technology, oxygen blast furnace technology and top gas circulation technology. Due to the low fuel replacement ratio of these processes, the carbon reduction effect is very limited.
  • oxygen blast furnace and furnace top gas circulation technology the high oxygen concentration in the lower turning zone leads to high local combustion focus temperature in the turning zone, and the reduction of heat carrier-blast N2 results in a significant reduction in the amount of gas per ton of iron, resulting in insufficient kinetic energy of the tuyere blast. In order to maintain the necessary kinetic energy of the blast, the diameter of the tuyere has to be greatly reduced.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a blast furnace ironmaking method with multi-media injection, which is used to solve the problems of low fuel replacement ratio and limited carbon reduction effect of low-carbon blast furnace technology in the prior art .
  • the present invention provides a blast furnace ironmaking method with multi-media injection, comprising:
  • the injection media include two or more of gas, hydrogen-rich medium, oxygen-enriched hot air and coal powder, and alternately load coke and iron ore into the blast furnace;
  • the injection medium undergoes complex chemical reactions in the blast furnace to form bosh gas
  • the ratio of the injection medium is regulated to adjust the ratio of CO and H2 in the bosh gas.
  • This method makes the content of reducing gas in the bosh gas higher than that of conventional blast furnaces, and by adjusting the amount and proportion of various injection media to achieve the optimal ratio of CO and H2 required under the current production conditions, it improves the indirect Reduction efficiency, so that the indirect reduction reaction in the blast furnace is fully developed, so that the metallization rate of the iron ore is higher than that of the conventional blast furnace when it reaches the bottom of the reflow zone, so that high-endothermic C and iron oxides do not occur or less occur in the high-temperature zone of the blast furnace
  • the injected hydrogen-rich medium can replace part of the C-based reducing agent, which can achieve the purpose of reducing CO 2 emissions from blast furnace ironmaking.
  • the sum of gas injection per ton iron, hydrogen-rich medium injection per ton iron and oxygen-enriched hot air injection per ton iron is similar to the hot air consumption per ton iron of a blast furnace with the same furnace capacity.
  • the bosh gas volume of the blast furnace is equivalent to that of conventional blast furnaces, ensuring that the operation and production operation of the blast furnace will not be greatly changed compared with conventional blast furnaces.
  • the bosh gas volume of the blast furnace is equivalent to that of a conventional blast furnace, and the degree of direct reduction in the blast furnace is lower than that of a conventional blast furnace, the heat consumption of the direct reduction is reduced, and the theoretical combustion temperature in the tuyere swirl zone can be controlled to be higher than 1800°C. That is, the theoretical combustion temperature of the conventional blast furnace can be reached without controlling the theoretical combustion temperature of the tuyere swirl zone of the blast furnace.
  • the pulverized coal and the oxygen-enriched hot air are injected into the blast furnace through the tuyeres, and the hydrogen-rich medium and the gas are injected into the blast furnace through the tuyeres or the shaft.
  • the injection pressure of the hydrogen-rich medium and the injection pressure of the gas are both higher than the injection pressure of the oxygen-enriched hot air.
  • the hydrogen-rich medium and the gas are injected into the blast furnace through the tuyeres, which can ensure that the gas flow distribution in the furnace is consistent or close to the same as that of a conventional blast furnace. Injecting hydrogen-rich medium or gas into the blast furnace at a pressure higher than that of oxygen-enriched hot air can prevent safety accidents such as tempering or explosion in the nozzle when flammable and explosive hydrogen-rich gas or gas is injected from the tuyere.
  • the hydrogen-rich medium includes coke oven gas, methane, petrochemical waste gas and water electrolysis to produce hydrogen, and the hydrogen content of the hydrogen-rich medium is higher than 50% and does not contain CO 2 .
  • the hydrogen-rich medium with high hydrogen content can increase the content of reducing gas in the blast furnace bosh gas, replace part of the C-based reducing agent, and achieve the purpose of reducing CO 2 emissions from blast furnace ironmaking.
  • the hydrogen-rich medium needs to be purified before being injected into the blast furnace, and the content of liquid or solid impurities in the purified hydrogen-rich medium is less than 0.02%.
  • care should be taken to remove impurities to prevent impurities from clogging the nozzle.
  • the gas includes blast furnace top gas, converter gas and coal gas.
  • the injection of CO-rich gas can effectively increase the content of reducing gas in the bosh gas, increase the indirect reduction rate in the middle and upper parts of the blast furnace, and reduce the direct reduction rate inside the blast furnace.
  • the gas needs to be purified before being injected into the blast furnace, and the content of S and solid particles in the purified gas is lower than 0.02%. In this way, on the one hand, it can prevent the S in the gas from entering the blast furnace with the back injection of the gas, resulting in the enrichment of S in the blast furnace; on the other hand, the gas after the removal of S and particulate matter can effectively prevent its subsequent decarbonization and the negative impact of the denitrification process.
  • the gas needs to be heated before being injected into the blast furnace, and the heating temperature is above 950°C. In this way, after the gas is heated, it can supplement part of the heat required for the partial reduction in the furnace and the heating of the charge, reducing the carbon directly consumed by heating, so as to further reduce carbon emissions.
  • the gas needs to be decarbonized before being injected into the blast furnace.
  • the removal of CO 2 gas is very important for gas injection into the blast furnace, because the CO 2 gas contained in the gas will undergo carbon melting reaction with coke after entering the blast furnace, and the melting loss reaction will not only consume coke, but also absorb a large amount of The heat will increase the carbon consumption in the furnace, increase the energy consumption, and increase the CO 2 emission of the blast furnace.
  • the gas is denitrified before being injected into the blast furnace, so as to increase the reducing gas content in the gas. In this way, the indirect reduction reaction in the blast furnace can be fully developed.
  • the iron ore is highly reducing iron ore, including one or more of sintered ore, pellet ore, lump ore and composite iron coke, its comprehensive furnace grade is greater than 58%, and its reduction index RI greater than 80%.
  • iron ore with a high reduction degree can ensure that it can quickly and fully develop indirect reduction reactions with reducing gases such as CO and H2 , so as to reduce the direct reduction degree in the blast furnace.
  • a kind of multi-medium injection blast furnace ironmaking method of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the method of coupling various injection media such as pulverized coal injection, hydrogen-rich medium injection, oxygen-enriched hot air, and gas injection can greatly increase the concentration of bosh gas.
  • the indirect reduction reaction reduces the direct reduction degree in the blast furnace, and at the same time, the injected hydrogen-rich medium replaces part of the C-based reducing agent, which reduces the consumption of carbonaceous fuels and achieves the purpose of reducing the coke ratio of the blast furnace and CO2 emissions during the blast furnace ironmaking process.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system used in a multi-medium injection blast furnace ironmaking method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a kind of blast furnace ironmaking method of multi-medium injection, comprising:
  • the injection media include two or more of gas, hydrogen-rich medium, oxygen-enriched hot air and coal powder, and alternately load coke and iron ore into the blast furnace;
  • the injection medium undergoes complex chemical reactions in the blast furnace to form bosh gas
  • the ratio of the injection medium is regulated to adjust the ratio of CO and H2 in the bosh gas.
  • the gas is sprayed into the blast furnace through the blast furnace tuyere or the furnace shaft, the hydrogen-rich medium is injected into the blast furnace through the tuyeres or the furnace shaft, the oxygen-enriched hot air is injected into the blast furnace through the hot blast surrounding pipe through the tuyeres, and the pulverized coal is injected into the blast furnace.
  • the coal carrier gas is blown into the blast furnace through the coal gun inside the tuyere, and the charge 1 such as iron ore and coke is loaded into the blast furnace through the cloth assembly 2 .
  • the chemical reactions occurring in the blast furnace mainly include the decomposition reaction of pulverized coal volatiles, the combustion reaction of carbon in pulverized coal and coke, the reaction of carbon melting loss, and the reduction reaction of C in molten iron and Si, Mn, S, etc. in slag; gas,
  • the hydrogen-rich medium and the gas formed by the chemical reaction in the blast furnace form the bosh gas.
  • the sum of CO and H2 in the bosh gas accounts for more than 50%.
  • Reduction reaction so that the metallization rate of iron ore is higher than that of conventional blast furnace when it reaches the high temperature zone below the reflow zone 4, ensuring that the direct reduction reaction of C and iron oxide does not occur in the hearth of the blast furnace;
  • the ratio of CO and H2 in the bosh gas can be adjusted by adjusting the ratio of different injection media, and statistical analysis of the blast furnace output and energy consumption indicators under different CO and H2 ratios,
  • the optimal ratio of CO and H 2 in the bosh gas under the raw fuel condition is obtained, and the ratio of CO and H 2 is the best hydrogen-carbon ratio under the current raw fuel condition.
  • the types and proportions of hydrogen-rich medium, pulverized coal or gas medium to be injected are determined comprehensively considering the current economic indicators of various injection media.
  • the optimal ratio of CO and H 2 is smelted under the condition of multi-medium injection in the blast furnace.
  • the sum of gas re-injection per ton of iron, hydrogen-rich medium injection per ton of iron and oxygen-enriched hot air injection per ton of iron is similar to the hot air consumption per ton of iron of a blast furnace with the same furnace capacity. Therefore, the gas flow distribution and material layer distribution in the blast furnace are close to those of the traditional blast furnace, which can ensure that the operation of the blast furnace does not undergo major adjustments, and is convenient for existing blast furnace operators to quickly grasp the operation rules of the method.
  • a blast furnace with a furnace capacity of 2850 m 3 is taken as an example to further illustrate the present invention.
  • the blast furnace ironmaking method of multi-media injection as mentioned above is adopted, and the blast furnace iron-making system of multi-media injection adopted in this embodiment includes: blast furnace body device, coal injection device 5, hydrogen-rich medium injection Blowing device 6, hot blast stove device 9, gas injection device 10, wherein, blast furnace body device comprises blast furnace body 3, cloth assembly 2 and tuyere assembly 8 that are arranged on described blast furnace body 3, and the top of blast furnace body 3 is also provided with Stovetop gas piping7. And, the material distribution assembly 2, the blast furnace body 3, the coal injection device 5, and the furnace top gas pipeline 7 are consistent with conventional blast furnaces.
  • the blast furnace body 3 is a cylindrical furnace body constructed on a foundation foundation. Different from conventional blast furnaces, this multi-medium injection blast furnace ironmaking system adds a hydrogen-rich medium injection device 6 and a gas injection device 10, which can inject various hydrogen-rich media and CO-rich gas to achieve Under the premise of not making major changes to the traditional blast furnace system, the coupling process of pulverized coal injection, hydrogen-rich medium injection, oxygen-enriched hot air injection, and gas (blast furnace top gas or other gas) injection is adopted to form a
  • the blast furnace ironmaking method with multi-media injection can greatly increase the concentration of reducing gas in the bosh gas, and achieve the optimal ratio of CO and H2 required under the current production conditions, so as to fully develop the indirect reduction reaction in the middle and upper parts of the blast furnace. Reduce the degree of direct reduction in the blast furnace to achieve the purpose of reducing the coke ratio of the blast furnace and reducing CO 2 emissions in the blast furnace ironmaking process.
  • the present invention has adopted following method in order to achieve the above object:
  • the bulk or spherical iron ore and coke and other charge 1 are alternately distributed into the blast furnace body 3 through the material distribution assembly 2, and the charge 1 is moved from the upper part of the blast furnace body 3 to the lower part of the blast furnace body 3 under the action of gravity, and the tuyere swirl area 11 in the hearth is generated. A large amount of high-temperature bosh gas flows to the upper part of the furnace body.
  • the high heat carried by it is transferred to the charge 1 such as iron ore and coke, so that the temperature of the iron ore can be raised to the temperature where the indirect reaction can fully occur with the reducing gas; on the other hand, the reducing gas in the bosh gas and the The iron ore undergoes an indirect reduction reaction, reducing the iron ore to metallic iron.
  • the pulverized coal is injected into the blast furnace from the tuyere assembly 8 by the coal carrier gas through the coal injection device 5, and the amount of coal injection per ton of iron is about 150kg/thm.
  • Methane, ethane, etc. in the pulverized coal volatiles undergo cracking reactions in the tuyeres swirl zone 11 to produce CO and H2 , which can further increase the content of reducing gases in the bosh gas.
  • the hydrogen-rich medium is coke oven gas
  • the purified coke oven gas is injected into the blast furnace body 3 by the hydrogen-rich medium injection device 6 through the tuyere assembly 8, and the tar, etc. in the purified coke oven gas
  • the liquid or solid impurity content is less than 0.02%, and the coke oven gas injection volume per ton of iron is about 149.8Nm 3 /thm.
  • the gas is blast furnace top gas.
  • the blast furnace top gas after a series of treatments is blown into the blast furnace body 3 through the tuyere assembly 8 through the gas injection device 10, and the treatment process includes the steps of gas dedusting, desulfurization, decarburization, denitrogenation, pressurization, heating, etc.
  • the amount of top gas injected into the blast furnace is about 142Nm 3 /thm.
  • the content of S and solid particles in the purified gas is lower than 0.02%, and the heating temperature is above 950°C.
  • the S in the furnace top gas can be prevented from entering the blast furnace with the back injection of the gas, resulting in the enrichment of S in the blast furnace; after the carbon removal treatment, the melting loss reaction between CO 2 and coke can be reduced to increase energy consumption ; After denitrification treatment, the reducing gas content in the furnace top gas can be increased, so as to fully develop the indirect reduction reaction in the blast furnace; the furnace top gas that has been heated can supplement the parts required for the partial reduction in the furnace and the heating of the charge 1 Heat, reducing the carbon directly consumed by heating, so as to achieve the purpose of further reducing carbon emissions.
  • the calculated oxygen-enriched hot air injection volume is about 590.6Nm 3 /thm.
  • the sum of oxygen-enriched hot air injection volume, coke oven gas injection volume and blast furnace top gas injection volume is about 882.4Nm 3 /thm, ensuring the oxygen-enriched hot air injection volume, coke oven gas injection volume and blast furnace top gas injection volume per ton of iron
  • the sum of the gas injection volume is similar to the hot air consumption per ton iron of a traditional blast furnace with the same furnace capacity.
  • the blast furnace coke ratio under this working condition is 248.7kg/thm, and the fuel ratio is 471.0kg/thm.
  • the injection pressure of blast furnace oxygen-enriched hot air from the hot blast furnace device 9 is about 0.4Mpa, the oxygen enrichment rate of hot air is about 13%, and the temperature of hot air is 1250°C. Therefore, compared with the conventional blast furnace, the oxygen enrichment rate of the hot air can be appropriately increased without causing overheating of the hearth area.
  • the theoretical combustion temperature of the tuyere swirl zone 11 of the blast furnace is about 1807°C in this state. Due to the full development of the indirect reduction in the middle and upper part of the blast furnace shaft, the direct reduction with high heat consumption is reduced, so the heat supply required for the furnace hearth is reduced. The demand for heat in the tank.
  • the injection pressure of the hydrogen-rich medium and blast furnace gas should be higher than that of the oxygen-rich medium.
  • the blowing pressure of hot air should be higher than that of the oxygen-rich medium.
  • the gas injected from the tuyere assembly 8 needs to be heated to about 950°C.
  • Part of the oxygen-enriched hot air injected from the tuyere assembly 8 reacts with the injected pulverized coal, and the other part reacts with a part of the coke.
  • These two reactions release a large amount of heat, which contributes to the decomposition and decomposition of the pulverized coal volatile matter in the furnace.
  • the melting of molten iron and slag provides heat.
  • the carbon in the remaining coke undergoes a melting loss reaction with CO2 in the gas, a reduction reaction with SiO2 and MnO in the slag, and dissolves into molten iron as molten iron carburization, etc.
  • the amount of bosh gas produced is about 1370Nm 3 /thm, and the composition of the bosh gas is shown in Table 1 below.
  • the content of reducing gas in bosh gas is about 63.54%.
  • Sufficient bosh gas volume and bosh gas with high reducing gas content can ensure that the metallization rate of iron ore is higher than that of conventional blast furnace when it reaches the reflow zone 4, so that the direct reduction of carbon and iron oxides in the high temperature zone of the blast furnace is less likely to occur reaction, reducing the degree of direct reduction.
  • the injection volume of coke oven gas (hydrogen-rich medium), oxygen-enriched hot air, and treated blast furnace top gas can be adjusted.
  • iron ore with a reduction index RI greater than 80% and a comprehensive furnace grade greater than 58% is used.
  • the performance indicators of the state strength and coke can meet the same level of blast furnace smelting.
  • the top dry gas volume is about 1359Nm 3 /thm.
  • the CO content in the furnace top gas is about 43.14%
  • the H2 content is about 20.40%
  • the gas with high reducing gas content has a higher calorific value.
  • 142Nm 3 /thm is injected into the blast furnace body 3 as gas
  • 216.3Nm 3 /thm is used to heat the gas and oxygen-enriched hot air injected into the blast furnace body 3
  • the remaining gas 141.8Nm 3 /thm is supplied externally. Under this working condition, the goal of reducing the carbon emission of blast furnace smelting by 16.4% can be achieved.
  • the ratio of CO and H2 in the bosh gas can be adjusted by adjusting the proportion of different injection media, and the raw material can be obtained through the blast furnace output and energy consumption indicators in the actual production process.
  • the type and proportion of the hydrogen-rich medium, pulverized coal or gas medium that are actually required to be injected in the production process are feedback-adjusted.
  • the carbon emissions from blast furnace smelting can be further reduced.

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Abstract

A method for blast furnace iron smelting using multiple media blowing, which comprises: blowing various blowing media into a blast furnace, and loading coke and iron ore into the blast furnace in alternation, wherein the blowing media comprises coal gas, a hydrogen-rich medium, oxygen-rich hot air, and coal powder; the media blown into the blast furnace undergoes a complex chemical reaction and a furnace bosh coal gas is formed; and the ratio of blowing media is adjusted and controlled according to a condition of a raw fuel, so as to adjust the ratio of CO to H2 in the furnace bosh coal gas.

Description

一种多介质喷吹的高炉炼铁方法A blast furnace ironmaking method with multi-medium injection 技术领域technical field
本发明属于高炉炼铁技术领域，特别是涉及一种多介质喷吹的高炉炼铁方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of blast furnace ironmaking, in particular to a blast furnace ironmaking method with multi-medium injection.
背景技术Background technique
钢铁工业的碳排放占全球碳排放3％以上，而铁前的碳排放占钢铁工业碳排放的70％以上，因此降低高炉炼铁的碳排放对降低全球碳排放意义重大。如今，各大钢铁企业已经通过各种技术手段，使传统高炉炼铁燃料比降低到480-490kg/thm的较低水平，但吨铁碳排放量仍然很高。因此，有必要发展新的高炉炼铁工艺技术，以进一步降低高炉炼铁的碳排放。Carbon emissions from the iron and steel industry account for more than 3% of global carbon emissions, and carbon emissions before ironmaking account for more than 70% of carbon emissions from the steel industry. Therefore, reducing carbon emissions from blast furnace ironmaking is of great significance to reducing global carbon emissions. Today, major iron and steel companies have used various technical means to reduce the fuel ratio of traditional blast furnace ironmaking to a low level of 480-490kg/thm, but the carbon emissions per ton of iron are still high. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new blast furnace ironmaking technology to further reduce the carbon emissions of blast furnace ironmaking.
如今，现有的低碳高炉技术有高炉喷吹富氢气体工艺、氧气高炉工艺和炉顶煤气循环工艺等。这些工艺由于燃料置换比较低，因而减碳效果十分有限。而氧气高炉和炉顶煤气循环技术，下部回旋区的高氧浓度致使回旋区局部燃烧焦点温度高，而且热载体-鼓风N 2减少致使吨铁煤气量大幅减少，导致风口鼓风动能不足，为了维持必要的鼓风动能不得不将风口直径大幅减小，如此一来，会导致风口回旋区缩小，炉缸活跃性下降；同时吨铁煤气量减少导致高炉上部热量供应不足，被迫考虑炉身喷吹热还原气，从而导致风口燃烧带进一步萎缩，无法保证下部气流分布的合理性和炉缸的活跃性，致使高炉容积适当扩大后就难于保证高炉的稳定顺行。 Today, the existing low-carbon blast furnace technologies include blast furnace injection of hydrogen-rich gas technology, oxygen blast furnace technology and top gas circulation technology. Due to the low fuel replacement ratio of these processes, the carbon reduction effect is very limited. For oxygen blast furnace and furnace top gas circulation technology, the high oxygen concentration in the lower turning zone leads to high local combustion focus temperature in the turning zone, and the reduction of heat carrier-blast N2 results in a significant reduction in the amount of gas per ton of iron, resulting in insufficient kinetic energy of the tuyere blast. In order to maintain the necessary kinetic energy of the blast, the diameter of the tuyere has to be greatly reduced. This will lead to a reduction in the tuyere swirl area and a decrease in the activity of the hearth; at the same time, the reduction in the amount of gas per ton of iron leads to insufficient heat supply in the upper part of the blast furnace, and the furnace has to be considered. The hot reducing gas is sprayed from the main body, which leads to further shrinkage of the combustion zone of the tuyere, and cannot guarantee the rationality of the airflow distribution in the lower part and the activity of the hearth, so that it is difficult to ensure the stability of the blast furnace after the volume of the blast furnace is appropriately expanded.
发明内容Contents of the invention
鉴于以上所述现有技术的缺点，本发明的目的在于提供一种多介质喷吹的高炉炼铁方法，用于解决现有技术中低碳高炉技术燃料置换比较低、减碳效果有限的问题。In view of the shortcomings of the prior art described above, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a blast furnace ironmaking method with multi-media injection, which is used to solve the problems of low fuel replacement ratio and limited carbon reduction effect of low-carbon blast furnace technology in the prior art .
为实现上述目的及其他相关目的，本发明提供一种多介质喷吹的高炉炼铁方法，包括：In order to achieve the above purpose and other related purposes, the present invention provides a blast furnace ironmaking method with multi-media injection, comprising:
将各种喷吹介质喷吹进入高炉，所述喷吹介质包括煤气、富氢介质、富氧热风和煤粉中的两种或多种，将焦炭和铁矿石交替装入高炉；Inject various injection media into the blast furnace, the injection media include two or more of gas, hydrogen-rich medium, oxygen-enriched hot air and coal powder, and alternately load coke and iron ore into the blast furnace;
所述喷吹介质在高炉内发生复杂的化学反应形成炉腹煤气；The injection medium undergoes complex chemical reactions in the blast furnace to form bosh gas;
根据原燃料条件，调控所述喷吹介质的比例，以调节炉腹煤气中CO和H 2的比例。 According to the conditions of the raw fuel, the ratio of the injection medium is regulated to adjust the ratio of CO and H2 in the bosh gas.
本方法使炉腹煤气中还原气体含量较常规高炉高，并通过调控各种喷吹介质的量和比例，以达到当前生产条件下所需的最佳CO和H 2比例，提高高炉中上部间接还原效率，使高炉内的间接还原反应充分发展，使铁矿石在到达软熔带下方时金属化率较常规高炉高，使高炉高温区不发生或少发生高吸热的C与铁氧化物的直接还原反应，同时喷吹的富氢介质能替代部 分C质还原剂，可达到减少高炉炼铁CO 2排放的目的。 This method makes the content of reducing gas in the bosh gas higher than that of conventional blast furnaces, and by adjusting the amount and proportion of various injection media to achieve the optimal ratio of CO and H2 required under the current production conditions, it improves the indirect Reduction efficiency, so that the indirect reduction reaction in the blast furnace is fully developed, so that the metallization rate of the iron ore is higher than that of the conventional blast furnace when it reaches the bottom of the reflow zone, so that high-endothermic C and iron oxides do not occur or less occur in the high-temperature zone of the blast furnace At the same time, the injected hydrogen-rich medium can replace part of the C-based reducing agent, which can achieve the purpose of reducing CO 2 emissions from blast furnace ironmaking.
进一步，吨铁煤气喷吹量、吨铁富氢介质喷吹量以及吨铁富氧热风喷吹量之和与同炉容的高炉吨铁耗热风量相近。如此，使所述高炉的炉腹煤气量与常规高炉相当，保证高炉操作和生产运行较常规高炉不产生较大的改变。Further, the sum of gas injection per ton iron, hydrogen-rich medium injection per ton iron and oxygen-enriched hot air injection per ton iron is similar to the hot air consumption per ton iron of a blast furnace with the same furnace capacity. In this way, the bosh gas volume of the blast furnace is equivalent to that of conventional blast furnaces, ensuring that the operation and production operation of the blast furnace will not be greatly changed compared with conventional blast furnaces.
由于所述高炉炉腹煤气量与常规高炉相当，而所述高炉炉内直接还原度较常规高炉低，因此直接还原耗热减少，可控制风口回旋区的理论燃烧温度高于1800℃即可，即可以不用控制高炉风口回旋区的理论燃烧温度达到常规高炉的理论燃烧温度。Since the bosh gas volume of the blast furnace is equivalent to that of a conventional blast furnace, and the degree of direct reduction in the blast furnace is lower than that of a conventional blast furnace, the heat consumption of the direct reduction is reduced, and the theoretical combustion temperature in the tuyere swirl zone can be controlled to be higher than 1800°C. That is, the theoretical combustion temperature of the conventional blast furnace can be reached without controlling the theoretical combustion temperature of the tuyere swirl zone of the blast furnace.
进一步，所述煤粉和所述富氧热风由风口喷入高炉，所述富氢介质和所述煤气由风口或炉身喷入高炉。Further, the pulverized coal and the oxygen-enriched hot air are injected into the blast furnace through the tuyeres, and the hydrogen-rich medium and the gas are injected into the blast furnace through the tuyeres or the shaft.
进一步，若所述富氢介质和所述煤气由风口喷入高炉，则所述富氢介质的喷吹压力和所述煤气的喷吹压力均高于富氧热风的喷吹压力。较佳的，所述富氢介质和所述煤气由风口喷入高炉，可以保证炉内的煤气流分布与常规高炉一致或接近一致。以高于富氧热风的压力向高炉炉内喷吹富氢介质或煤气，可以防止易燃易爆的富氢气体或煤气从风口喷吹时，喷管内发生回火或爆炸等安全事故。Further, if the hydrogen-rich medium and the gas are injected into the blast furnace through the tuyere, the injection pressure of the hydrogen-rich medium and the injection pressure of the gas are both higher than the injection pressure of the oxygen-enriched hot air. Preferably, the hydrogen-rich medium and the gas are injected into the blast furnace through the tuyeres, which can ensure that the gas flow distribution in the furnace is consistent or close to the same as that of a conventional blast furnace. Injecting hydrogen-rich medium or gas into the blast furnace at a pressure higher than that of oxygen-enriched hot air can prevent safety accidents such as tempering or explosion in the nozzle when flammable and explosive hydrogen-rich gas or gas is injected from the tuyere.
进一步，所述富氢介质包括焦炉煤气、甲烷、石化废气和水电解制氢，所述富氢介质的氢含量高于50％，且不含CO 2。高氢含量的富氢介质可以提升高炉炉腹煤气中还原性气体的含量，替代部分C质还原剂，可以达到减少高炉炼铁CO 2排放的目的。 Further, the hydrogen-rich medium includes coke oven gas, methane, petrochemical waste gas and water electrolysis to produce hydrogen, and the hydrogen content of the hydrogen-rich medium is higher than 50% and does not contain CO 2 . The hydrogen-rich medium with high hydrogen content can increase the content of reducing gas in the blast furnace bosh gas, replace part of the C-based reducing agent, and achieve the purpose of reducing CO 2 emissions from blast furnace ironmaking.
进一步，所述富氢介质喷吹入高炉前需经净化处理，净化后的富氢介质中液态或固态杂质含量低于0.02％。特别地，对于焦炉煤气等含有液态焦油的富氢介质，应注意去除其中的杂质，防止杂质堵塞喷嘴。Furthermore, the hydrogen-rich medium needs to be purified before being injected into the blast furnace, and the content of liquid or solid impurities in the purified hydrogen-rich medium is less than 0.02%. In particular, for coke oven gas and other hydrogen-rich media containing liquid tar, care should be taken to remove impurities to prevent impurities from clogging the nozzle.
进一步，所述煤气包括高炉炉顶煤气、转炉煤气和煤制气。如此，喷吹富含CO的煤气可以有效增加炉腹煤气中还原性气体的含量，提升高炉中上部的间接还原率，降低高炉内部的直接还原度。Further, the gas includes blast furnace top gas, converter gas and coal gas. In this way, the injection of CO-rich gas can effectively increase the content of reducing gas in the bosh gas, increase the indirect reduction rate in the middle and upper parts of the blast furnace, and reduce the direct reduction rate inside the blast furnace.
进一步，所述煤气喷吹入高炉前需经净化处理，净化后的煤气中S及固体颗粒物含量低于0.02％。如此，一方面，可防止煤气中的S会随着煤气回喷进入高炉内，造成高炉炉内S的富集；另一方面，脱除S和颗粒物后的煤气可以有效防止其对后续脱碳和脱氮工序产生的负面影响。Further, the gas needs to be purified before being injected into the blast furnace, and the content of S and solid particles in the purified gas is lower than 0.02%. In this way, on the one hand, it can prevent the S in the gas from entering the blast furnace with the back injection of the gas, resulting in the enrichment of S in the blast furnace; on the other hand, the gas after the removal of S and particulate matter can effectively prevent its subsequent decarbonization and the negative impact of the denitrification process.
进一步，所述煤气喷吹入高炉前需经加热处理，加热温度为950℃以上。如此，煤气加热后可以补充炉内部分还原和炉料升温所需的部分热量，减少加热直接消耗的碳素，以达到进一步减少碳排放的目的。Furthermore, the gas needs to be heated before being injected into the blast furnace, and the heating temperature is above 950°C. In this way, after the gas is heated, it can supplement part of the heat required for the partial reduction in the furnace and the heating of the charge, reducing the carbon directly consumed by heating, so as to further reduce carbon emissions.
进一步，若所述煤气中的CO 2含量超过5％，则所述煤气喷吹入高炉前需经脱碳处理。如此，脱除CO 2气体对于煤气喷吹进入高炉至关重要，因为煤气中含有的CO 2气体进入高炉后会与焦炭发生碳的熔损反应，熔损反应不仅消耗焦炭，而且会吸收大量的热量，使炉内碳素消耗增多，能耗增大，使高炉CO 2排放升高。 Further, if the CO 2 content in the gas exceeds 5%, the gas needs to be decarbonized before being injected into the blast furnace. In this way, the removal of CO 2 gas is very important for gas injection into the blast furnace, because the CO 2 gas contained in the gas will undergo carbon melting reaction with coke after entering the blast furnace, and the melting loss reaction will not only consume coke, but also absorb a large amount of The heat will increase the carbon consumption in the furnace, increase the energy consumption, and increase the CO 2 emission of the blast furnace.
进一步，所述煤气喷吹入高炉前经脱氮处理，以提高所述煤气中还原性气体含量。如此，可充分发展高炉炉内的间接还原反应。Further, the gas is denitrified before being injected into the blast furnace, so as to increase the reducing gas content in the gas. In this way, the indirect reduction reaction in the blast furnace can be fully developed.
进一步，所述铁矿石为高还原性铁矿石，包括烧结矿、球团矿、块矿和复合铁焦中的一种或几种，其综合入炉品位大于58％，其还原度指数RI大于80％。如此，还原度较高的铁矿石可以保证其能与CO和H 2等还原性气体快速而充分地发展间接还原反应，以降低高炉炉内的直接还原度。 Further, the iron ore is highly reducing iron ore, including one or more of sintered ore, pellet ore, lump ore and composite iron coke, its comprehensive furnace grade is greater than 58%, and its reduction index RI greater than 80%. In this way, iron ore with a high reduction degree can ensure that it can quickly and fully develop indirect reduction reactions with reducing gases such as CO and H2 , so as to reduce the direct reduction degree in the blast furnace.
如上所述，本发明的一种多介质喷吹的高炉炼铁方法，具有以下有益效果：As mentioned above, a kind of multi-medium injection blast furnace ironmaking method of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
在不对传统高炉体系进行较大的改动的前提下，采用煤粉喷吹、富氢介质喷吹、富氧热风、煤气喷吹等多种喷吹介质相耦合的方法，大幅提高炉腹煤气中还原性气体的浓度，并通过调节不同的喷吹介质比例，达到当前生产条件下所需的最佳CO和H 2比例，以提高高炉中上部间接还原反应效率，使炉内充分发展放热的间接还原反应，降低高炉内的直接还原度，同时喷吹的富氢介质替代部分C质还原剂，降低了碳质燃料消耗，达到了降低高炉焦比和高炉炼铁过程CO 2排放的目的。 Under the premise of not making major changes to the traditional blast furnace system, the method of coupling various injection media such as pulverized coal injection, hydrogen-rich medium injection, oxygen-enriched hot air, and gas injection can greatly increase the concentration of bosh gas. The concentration of the reducing gas, and by adjusting the ratio of different injection media, the optimal ratio of CO and H2 required under the current production conditions can be achieved, so as to improve the efficiency of the indirect reduction reaction in the middle and upper part of the blast furnace, so that the exothermic energy can be fully developed in the furnace The indirect reduction reaction reduces the direct reduction degree in the blast furnace, and at the same time, the injected hydrogen-rich medium replaces part of the C-based reducing agent, which reduces the consumption of carbonaceous fuels and achieves the purpose of reducing the coke ratio of the blast furnace and CO2 emissions during the blast furnace ironmaking process.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明实施例的一种多介质喷吹的高炉炼铁方法采用的系统示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system used in a multi-medium injection blast furnace ironmaking method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
零件标号说明Part number description
1-炉料；2-布料组件；3-高炉本体；4-软熔带；5-喷煤装置；6-富氢介质喷吹装置；7-炉顶煤气管道；8-风口组件；9-热风炉装置；10-煤气喷吹装置；11-风口回旋区。1-charge; 2-distributing components; 3-blast furnace body; 4-reflow zone; 5-coal injection device; 6-hydrogen-rich medium injection device; 7-top gas pipeline; Furnace device; 10 - gas injection device; 11 - tuyere swirl area.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下由特定的具体实施例说明本发明的实施方式，熟悉此技术的人士可由本说明书所揭露的内容轻易地了解本发明的其他优点及功效。The implementation of the present invention will be illustrated by specific specific examples below, and those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification.
须知，本说明书所附图式所绘示的结构、比例、大小等，均仅用以配合说明书所揭示的内容，以供熟悉此技术的人士了解与阅读，并非用以限定本发明可实施的限定条件，故不具 技术上的实质意义，任何结构的修饰、比例关系的改变或大小的调整，在不影响本发明所能产生的功效及所能达成的目的下，均应仍落在本发明所揭示的技术内容得能涵盖的范围内。同时，本说明书中所引用的如“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“中间”及“一”等的用语，亦仅为便于叙述的明了，而非用以限定本发明可实施的范围，其相对关系的改变或调整，在无实质变更技术内容下，当亦视为本发明可实施的范畴。It should be noted that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc. shown in the drawings attached to this specification are only used to match the content disclosed in the specification, for those who are familiar with this technology to understand and read, and are not used to limit the implementation of the present invention. Limiting conditions, so there is no technical substantive meaning, any modification of structure, change of proportional relationship or adjustment of size, without affecting the effect and purpose of the present invention, should still fall within the scope of the present invention. The disclosed technical content must be within the scope covered. At the same time, terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and "one" quoted in this specification are only for the convenience of description and are not used to limit this specification. The practicable scope of the invention and the change or adjustment of its relative relationship shall also be regarded as the practicable scope of the present invention without any substantial change in the technical content.
请结合图1所示，本发明提供一种多介质喷吹的高炉炼铁方法，包括：Please be shown in conjunction with Fig. 1, the present invention provides a kind of blast furnace ironmaking method of multi-medium injection, comprising:
将各种喷吹介质喷吹进入高炉，所述喷吹介质包括煤气、富氢介质、富氧热风和煤粉中的两种或多种，将焦炭和铁矿石交替装入高炉；Inject various injection media into the blast furnace, the injection media include two or more of gas, hydrogen-rich medium, oxygen-enriched hot air and coal powder, and alternately load coke and iron ore into the blast furnace;
所述喷吹介质在高炉内发生复杂的化学反应形成炉腹煤气；The injection medium undergoes complex chemical reactions in the blast furnace to form bosh gas;
根据原燃料条件，调控所述喷吹介质的比例，以调节炉腹煤气中CO和H 2的比例。 According to the conditions of the raw fuel, the ratio of the injection medium is regulated to adjust the ratio of CO and H2 in the bosh gas.
具体的，将煤气经一系列处理后由高炉风口或炉身喷入高炉，将富氢介质经风口或炉身喷入高炉，将富氧热风由热风围管经风口喷入高炉，将煤粉由煤载气经风口内部的煤枪喷吹进入高炉，将铁矿石和焦炭等炉料1由布料组件2装入高炉。Specifically, after a series of treatments, the gas is sprayed into the blast furnace through the blast furnace tuyere or the furnace shaft, the hydrogen-rich medium is injected into the blast furnace through the tuyeres or the furnace shaft, the oxygen-enriched hot air is injected into the blast furnace through the hot blast surrounding pipe through the tuyeres, and the pulverized coal is injected into the blast furnace. The coal carrier gas is blown into the blast furnace through the coal gun inside the tuyere, and the charge 1 such as iron ore and coke is loaded into the blast furnace through the cloth assembly 2 .
高炉内发生的化学反应主要包括煤粉挥发分分解反应、煤粉和焦炭中碳素燃烧反应、碳素熔损反应及铁水中C与渣中Si、Mn、S等的还原反应等；煤气、富氢介质和高炉中化学反应所形成的煤气组成炉腹煤气，炉腹煤气中CO与H 2之和占比在50％以上，铁矿石在高炉中上部与高浓度的还原气体充分发展间接还原反应，使铁矿石在到达软熔带4以下的高温区时金属化率较常规高炉高，确保高炉炉缸内少发生或不发生C与铁氧化物的直接还原反应； The chemical reactions occurring in the blast furnace mainly include the decomposition reaction of pulverized coal volatiles, the combustion reaction of carbon in pulverized coal and coke, the reaction of carbon melting loss, and the reduction reaction of C in molten iron and Si, Mn, S, etc. in slag; gas, The hydrogen-rich medium and the gas formed by the chemical reaction in the blast furnace form the bosh gas. The sum of CO and H2 in the bosh gas accounts for more than 50%. Reduction reaction, so that the metallization rate of iron ore is higher than that of conventional blast furnace when it reaches the high temperature zone below the reflow zone 4, ensuring that the direct reduction reaction of C and iron oxide does not occur in the hearth of the blast furnace;
根据生产过程中的不同的原燃料条件，可通过调节不同的喷吹介质的比例，以调节炉腹煤气中CO和H 2比例，统计分析不同CO和H 2比例下高炉产量和能耗指标，得出该原燃料条件下最佳的炉腹煤气中CO和H 2比例，此CO和H 2的比例即为当前原燃料条件下最佳的氢碳比。根据此CO和H 2的比例，综合考虑当前各种喷吹介质的经济性指标，确定喷吹的富氢介质、煤粉或煤气介质的种类和比例。最终，实现高炉多介质喷吹条件下最佳CO和H 2的比例冶炼。 According to different raw and fuel conditions in the production process, the ratio of CO and H2 in the bosh gas can be adjusted by adjusting the ratio of different injection media, and statistical analysis of the blast furnace output and energy consumption indicators under different CO and H2 ratios, The optimal ratio of CO and H 2 in the bosh gas under the raw fuel condition is obtained, and the ratio of CO and H 2 is the best hydrogen-carbon ratio under the current raw fuel condition. According to the ratio of CO and H 2 , the types and proportions of hydrogen-rich medium, pulverized coal or gas medium to be injected are determined comprehensively considering the current economic indicators of various injection media. Ultimately, the optimal ratio of CO and H 2 is smelted under the condition of multi-medium injection in the blast furnace.
其中，吨铁煤气回喷量、吨铁富氢介质喷吹量以及吨铁富氧热风喷吹量之和与同炉容的高炉吨铁耗热风量相近。因此，所述高炉炉内气流分布与料层分布均与传统高炉接近，可保证高炉操作不发生大的调整，方便现有高炉操作人员快速掌握该方法的操作规律。Among them, the sum of gas re-injection per ton of iron, hydrogen-rich medium injection per ton of iron and oxygen-enriched hot air injection per ton of iron is similar to the hot air consumption per ton of iron of a blast furnace with the same furnace capacity. Therefore, the gas flow distribution and material layer distribution in the blast furnace are close to those of the traditional blast furnace, which can ensure that the operation of the blast furnace does not undergo major adjustments, and is convenient for existing blast furnace operators to quickly grasp the operation rules of the method.
实施例1Example 1
本实施例以炉容为2850m 3的高炉为例，对本发明做进一步说明。 In this embodiment, a blast furnace with a furnace capacity of 2850 m 3 is taken as an example to further illustrate the present invention.
如图1所示，采用如上所述的多介质喷吹的高炉炼铁方法，本实施例采用的多介质喷吹 的高炉炼铁系统包括：高炉本体装置、喷煤装置5、富氢介质喷吹装置6、热风炉装置9、煤气喷吹装置10，其中，高炉本体装置包括高炉本体3、设置于所述高炉本体3上的布料组件2和风口组件8，高炉本体3的顶部还设置有炉顶煤气管道7。并且，布料组件2、高炉本体3、喷煤装置5、炉顶煤气管道7与常规高炉一致。As shown in Figure 1, the blast furnace ironmaking method of multi-media injection as mentioned above is adopted, and the blast furnace iron-making system of multi-media injection adopted in this embodiment includes: blast furnace body device, coal injection device 5, hydrogen-rich medium injection Blowing device 6, hot blast stove device 9, gas injection device 10, wherein, blast furnace body device comprises blast furnace body 3, cloth assembly 2 and tuyere assembly 8 that are arranged on described blast furnace body 3, and the top of blast furnace body 3 is also provided with Stovetop gas piping7. And, the material distribution assembly 2, the blast furnace body 3, the coal injection device 5, and the furnace top gas pipeline 7 are consistent with conventional blast furnaces.
高炉本体3为构筑在基础地基上的筒状炉体。与常规高炉不同的是，该多介质喷吹的高炉炼铁系统新增了富氢介质喷吹装置6和煤气喷吹装置10，可喷吹多种富氢介质和富含CO的煤气，实现在不对传统高炉体系进行较大改动的前提下，采用煤粉喷吹、富氢介质喷吹、富氧热风喷吹、煤气(高炉炉顶煤气或其他煤气)喷吹相耦合的工艺，形成一套多介质喷吹的高炉炼铁方法，大幅提高炉腹煤气中还原性气体的浓度，达到当前生产条件下所需的最佳CO和H 2比例，以充分发展高炉中上部的间接还原反应，降低高炉内的直接还原度，以达到降低高炉焦比和降低高炉炼铁过程CO 2排放的目的。 The blast furnace body 3 is a cylindrical furnace body constructed on a foundation foundation. Different from conventional blast furnaces, this multi-medium injection blast furnace ironmaking system adds a hydrogen-rich medium injection device 6 and a gas injection device 10, which can inject various hydrogen-rich media and CO-rich gas to achieve Under the premise of not making major changes to the traditional blast furnace system, the coupling process of pulverized coal injection, hydrogen-rich medium injection, oxygen-enriched hot air injection, and gas (blast furnace top gas or other gas) injection is adopted to form a The blast furnace ironmaking method with multi-media injection can greatly increase the concentration of reducing gas in the bosh gas, and achieve the optimal ratio of CO and H2 required under the current production conditions, so as to fully develop the indirect reduction reaction in the middle and upper parts of the blast furnace. Reduce the degree of direct reduction in the blast furnace to achieve the purpose of reducing the coke ratio of the blast furnace and reducing CO 2 emissions in the blast furnace ironmaking process.
本发明为达到上述目的，采用了以下的方法：The present invention has adopted following method in order to achieve the above object:
块状或球状的铁矿石和焦炭等炉料1经布料组件2交替布入高炉本体3，炉料1受重力作用从高炉本体3的上部向高炉本体3的下部运动，炉缸内风口回旋区11产生的大量的高温炉腹煤气向炉身上部流动。一方面，将其携带的高热量传递给铁矿石和焦炭等炉料1，使铁矿石升温至可与还原性气体充分发生间接反应的温度；另一方面，炉腹煤气中的还原性气体与铁矿石发生间接还原反应，将铁矿石还原为金属铁。The bulk or spherical iron ore and coke and other charge 1 are alternately distributed into the blast furnace body 3 through the material distribution assembly 2, and the charge 1 is moved from the upper part of the blast furnace body 3 to the lower part of the blast furnace body 3 under the action of gravity, and the tuyere swirl area 11 in the hearth is generated. A large amount of high-temperature bosh gas flows to the upper part of the furnace body. On the one hand, the high heat carried by it is transferred to the charge 1 such as iron ore and coke, so that the temperature of the iron ore can be raised to the temperature where the indirect reaction can fully occur with the reducing gas; on the other hand, the reducing gas in the bosh gas and the The iron ore undergoes an indirect reduction reaction, reducing the iron ore to metallic iron.
煤粉由煤载气经喷煤装置5从风口组件8喷吹进入高炉中，吨铁喷煤量约为150kg/thm。煤粉挥发分中的甲烷、乙烷等在风口回旋区11发生裂解反应，产生CO和H 2可进一步提升炉腹煤气中还原性气体的含量。 The pulverized coal is injected into the blast furnace from the tuyere assembly 8 by the coal carrier gas through the coal injection device 5, and the amount of coal injection per ton of iron is about 150kg/thm. Methane, ethane, etc. in the pulverized coal volatiles undergo cracking reactions in the tuyeres swirl zone 11 to produce CO and H2 , which can further increase the content of reducing gases in the bosh gas.
本实施例中，所述富氢介质为焦炉煤气，经净化后的焦炉煤气由富氢介质喷吹装置6经风口组件8喷吹进入高炉本体3，净化后的焦炉煤气中焦油等液体或固体杂质含量低于0.02％，吨铁焦炉煤气喷吹量约为149.8Nm 3/thm。 In this embodiment, the hydrogen-rich medium is coke oven gas, and the purified coke oven gas is injected into the blast furnace body 3 by the hydrogen-rich medium injection device 6 through the tuyere assembly 8, and the tar, etc. in the purified coke oven gas The liquid or solid impurity content is less than 0.02%, and the coke oven gas injection volume per ton of iron is about 149.8Nm 3 /thm.
本实施例中，所述煤气采用高炉炉顶煤气。经煤气喷吹装置10将经过一系列处理后的高炉炉顶煤气经风口组件8喷吹进入高炉本体3，处理过程包括煤气的除尘、脱硫、脱碳、脱氮、加压、加热等步骤，喷吹进入高炉的炉顶煤气量约为142Nm 3/thm。其中，净化后的煤气中S及固体颗粒物含量低于0.02％，加热温度为950℃以上。如此，可防止炉顶煤气中的S会随着煤气回喷进入高炉内，造成高炉炉内S的富集；经脱除碳处理，可减少CO 2与焦炭发生熔损反应而增大能耗；经脱氮处理，可提高炉顶煤气中还原性气体含量，从而充分发展高炉炉内的间接还原反应；经加热处理的炉顶煤气，以补充炉内部分还原和炉料1升温所需的 部分热量，减少加热直接消耗的碳素，以达到进一步减少碳排放的目的。 In this embodiment, the gas is blast furnace top gas. The blast furnace top gas after a series of treatments is blown into the blast furnace body 3 through the tuyere assembly 8 through the gas injection device 10, and the treatment process includes the steps of gas dedusting, desulfurization, decarburization, denitrogenation, pressurization, heating, etc. The amount of top gas injected into the blast furnace is about 142Nm 3 /thm. Wherein, the content of S and solid particles in the purified gas is lower than 0.02%, and the heating temperature is above 950°C. In this way, the S in the furnace top gas can be prevented from entering the blast furnace with the back injection of the gas, resulting in the enrichment of S in the blast furnace; after the carbon removal treatment, the melting loss reaction between CO 2 and coke can be reduced to increase energy consumption ; After denitrification treatment, the reducing gas content in the furnace top gas can be increased, so as to fully develop the indirect reduction reaction in the blast furnace; the furnace top gas that has been heated can supplement the parts required for the partial reduction in the furnace and the heating of the charge 1 Heat, reducing the carbon directly consumed by heating, so as to achieve the purpose of further reducing carbon emissions.
为保证高炉本体3内部气流分布的合理性和炉缸的活跃性，计算得到富氧热风喷吹量约为590.6Nm 3/thm。富氧热风喷吹量、焦炉煤气喷吹量及高炉炉顶煤气喷吹量之和约为882.4Nm 3/thm，保证吨铁富氧热风喷吹量、焦炉煤气喷吹量及高炉炉顶煤气喷吹量之和与传统同炉容的高炉吨铁耗热风量相近。根据热量平衡和物质平衡计算可得该工况下高炉焦比为248.7kg/thm，燃料比为471.0kg/thm。 In order to ensure the rationality of the airflow distribution inside the blast furnace body 3 and the activity of the hearth, the calculated oxygen-enriched hot air injection volume is about 590.6Nm 3 /thm. The sum of oxygen-enriched hot air injection volume, coke oven gas injection volume and blast furnace top gas injection volume is about 882.4Nm 3 /thm, ensuring the oxygen-enriched hot air injection volume, coke oven gas injection volume and blast furnace top gas injection volume per ton of iron The sum of the gas injection volume is similar to the hot air consumption per ton iron of a traditional blast furnace with the same furnace capacity. According to the calculation of heat balance and material balance, the blast furnace coke ratio under this working condition is 248.7kg/thm, and the fuel ratio is 471.0kg/thm.
高炉富氧热风从热风炉装置9喷吹的喷吹压力约为0.4Mpa，热风富氧率约为13％，热风风温为1250℃，由于喷吹了部分焦炉煤气及处理后的高炉炉顶煤气，因此相较于常规高炉可适当提高热风富氧率，而不会造成炉缸区域过热，经热量平衡计算可得，此状态下高炉风口回旋区11理论燃烧温度约为1807℃。由于高炉炉身中上部的间接还原的充分发展，高耗热的直接还原减少，因此炉缸所需的热量供应减少，因此根据热量平衡计算，此工况下1807℃的理论燃烧温度可以满足炉缸内热量的需求。The injection pressure of blast furnace oxygen-enriched hot air from the hot blast furnace device 9 is about 0.4Mpa, the oxygen enrichment rate of hot air is about 13%, and the temperature of hot air is 1250°C. Therefore, compared with the conventional blast furnace, the oxygen enrichment rate of the hot air can be appropriately increased without causing overheating of the hearth area. According to the heat balance calculation, the theoretical combustion temperature of the tuyere swirl zone 11 of the blast furnace is about 1807°C in this state. Due to the full development of the indirect reduction in the middle and upper part of the blast furnace shaft, the direct reduction with high heat consumption is reduced, so the heat supply required for the furnace hearth is reduced. The demand for heat in the tank.
为保证高炉炉顶煤气能吹到炉缸中心，并防止富氢介质和高炉炉顶煤气喷吹管道内出现回火等安全问题，富氢介质和高炉煤气的喷吹压力均应高于富氧热风的喷吹压力。In order to ensure that the top gas of the blast furnace can be blown to the center of the hearth, and to prevent safety problems such as backfire in the hydrogen-rich medium and blast furnace top gas injection pipes, the injection pressure of the hydrogen-rich medium and blast furnace gas should be higher than that of the oxygen-rich medium. The blowing pressure of hot air.
根据热量平衡和物料平衡计算，为保证足够的热量供应，从风口组件8喷入的煤气需加热至950℃左右。从风口组件8中喷入的富氧热风，一部分与喷入的煤粉发生燃烧反应，另一部分与部分焦炭发生燃烧反应，这两个反应均放出大量热量，为炉内煤粉挥发分分解和铁水、炉渣熔化提供热量。剩余焦炭中的碳分别与煤气中的CO 2发生熔损反应、与炉渣中SiO 2和MnO等发生还原反应、溶解进入铁水中作为铁水渗碳等。产生的炉腹煤气量约为1370Nm 3/thm，炉腹煤气成分如下表1所示。 According to the calculation of heat balance and material balance, in order to ensure sufficient heat supply, the gas injected from the tuyere assembly 8 needs to be heated to about 950°C. Part of the oxygen-enriched hot air injected from the tuyere assembly 8 reacts with the injected pulverized coal, and the other part reacts with a part of the coke. These two reactions release a large amount of heat, which contributes to the decomposition and decomposition of the pulverized coal volatile matter in the furnace. The melting of molten iron and slag provides heat. The carbon in the remaining coke undergoes a melting loss reaction with CO2 in the gas, a reduction reaction with SiO2 and MnO in the slag, and dissolves into molten iron as molten iron carburization, etc. The amount of bosh gas produced is about 1370Nm 3 /thm, and the composition of the bosh gas is shown in Table 1 below.
表1炉腹煤气成分Table 1 Composition of bosh gas
Figure PCTCN2022107907-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2022107907-appb-000001
炉腹煤气中还原气体含量约为63.54％。充足的炉腹煤气量及高还原性气体含量的炉腹煤气可以保证铁矿石在到达软熔带4时金属化率较常规高炉高，使高炉高温区少发生碳与铁氧化物的直接还原反应，降低直接还原度。此时，可调节焦炉煤气(富氢介质)、富氧热风、以及经处理后的高炉炉顶煤气的喷吹量。The content of reducing gas in bosh gas is about 63.54%. Sufficient bosh gas volume and bosh gas with high reducing gas content can ensure that the metallization rate of iron ore is higher than that of conventional blast furnace when it reaches the reflow zone 4, so that the direct reduction of carbon and iron oxides in the high temperature zone of the blast furnace is less likely to occur reaction, reducing the degree of direct reduction. At this time, the injection volume of coke oven gas (hydrogen-rich medium), oxygen-enriched hot air, and treated blast furnace top gas can be adjusted.
为保证高炉本体3上部的铁矿石与还原性气体能充分发展间接还原反应，优选地，使用还原度指数RI大于80％、综合入炉品位大于58％的铁矿石，铁矿石的冷态强度和焦炭的性能指标满足同级别高炉冶炼即可。In order to ensure that the iron ore and the reducing gas in the upper part of the blast furnace body 3 can fully develop the indirect reduction reaction, preferably, iron ore with a reduction index RI greater than 80% and a comprehensive furnace grade greater than 58% is used. The performance indicators of the state strength and coke can meet the same level of blast furnace smelting.
经过间接还原反应后，炉顶干煤气量约为1359Nm 3/thm。经除尘、脱硫和CO 2脱除后， 炉顶煤气中CO含量约为43.14％，H 2含量约为20.40％，还原性气体含量高的气体热值较高。其中142Nm 3/thm作为煤气喷吹进入高炉本体3，216.3Nm 3/thm用于加热喷吹进入高炉本体3的煤气和富氧热风，剩余煤气141.8Nm 3/thm外供。此工况下，可达到降低高炉冶炼碳排放16.4％的目的。 After the indirect reduction reaction, the top dry gas volume is about 1359Nm 3 /thm. After dedusting, desulfurization and CO2 removal, the CO content in the furnace top gas is about 43.14%, the H2 content is about 20.40%, and the gas with high reducing gas content has a higher calorific value. Among them, 142Nm 3 /thm is injected into the blast furnace body 3 as gas, 216.3Nm 3 /thm is used to heat the gas and oxygen-enriched hot air injected into the blast furnace body 3, and the remaining gas 141.8Nm 3 /thm is supplied externally. Under this working condition, the goal of reducing the carbon emission of blast furnace smelting by 16.4% can be achieved.
根据生产过程中实际的原燃料条件，可通过调节不同的喷吹介质的比例，以调节炉腹煤气中CO和H 2比例，并通过实际生产过程中高炉产量和能耗指标，得出该原燃料条件下，最佳的CO和H 2比例。并根据所得到的CO和H 2比例来反馈调节生产过程中实际所需要的喷吹的富氢介质、煤粉或煤气介质的种类和比例。最终，可进一步降低高炉冶炼碳排放。 According to the actual conditions of raw materials and fuels in the production process, the ratio of CO and H2 in the bosh gas can be adjusted by adjusting the proportion of different injection media, and the raw material can be obtained through the blast furnace output and energy consumption indicators in the actual production process. Optimum ratio of CO and H2 under fuel conditions. And according to the obtained ratio of CO and H 2 , the type and proportion of the hydrogen-rich medium, pulverized coal or gas medium that are actually required to be injected in the production process are feedback-adjusted. Ultimately, the carbon emissions from blast furnace smelting can be further reduced.
综上，在本发明实施例提供的一种多介质喷吹的高炉炼铁方法中，在不对传统高炉体系进行较大的改动的前提下，采用煤粉喷吹、富氢介质喷吹、富氧热风、煤气喷吹等多种喷吹介质相耦合的方法，大幅提高炉腹煤气中还原性气体的浓度，并通过调节不同的喷吹介质比例，达到生产所需的CO和H 2比例，使炉内充分发展放热的间接还原反应，降低高炉内的直接还原度，同时喷吹的富氢介质替代部分C质还原剂，降低了碳质燃料消耗，达到了降低高炉焦比和高炉炼铁过程CO 2排放的目的。 To sum up, in the multi-medium injection blast furnace ironmaking method provided by the embodiment of the present invention, under the premise of not making major changes to the traditional blast furnace system, coal powder injection, hydrogen-rich medium injection, rich The method of coupling multiple injection media such as oxygen hot air and gas injection can greatly increase the concentration of reducing gas in the bosh gas, and by adjusting the proportion of different injection media, the ratio of CO and H2 required for production can be achieved. The exothermic indirect reduction reaction in the furnace is fully developed, the direct reduction degree in the blast furnace is reduced, and at the same time, the injected hydrogen-rich medium replaces part of the C-based reducing agent, which reduces the consumption of carbonaceous fuels, and achieves the reduction of the blast furnace coke ratio and blast furnace smelting. Iron Process CO 2 Emissions Purpose.
上述实施例仅例示性说明本发明的原理及其功效，而非用于限制本发明。任何熟悉此技术的人士皆可在不违背本发明的精神及范畴下，对上述实施例进行修饰或改变。因此，举凡所属技术领域中具有通常知识者在未脱离本发明所揭示的精神与技术思想下所完成的一切等效修饰或改变，仍应由本发明的权利要求所涵盖。The above-mentioned embodiments only illustrate the principles and effects of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or changes made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical ideas disclosed in the present invention should still be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (12)

  1. 一种多介质喷吹的高炉炼铁方法，其特征在于，包括：A blast furnace ironmaking method with multi-medium injection, characterized in that it comprises:
    将各种喷吹介质喷吹进入高炉，将焦炭和铁矿石交替装入高炉，其中所述喷吹介质包括煤气、富氢介质、富氧热风和煤粉；Inject various injection media into the blast furnace, and alternately load coke and iron ore into the blast furnace, wherein the injection media include coal gas, hydrogen-rich medium, oxygen-enriched hot air and coal powder;
    所述喷吹介质在高炉内发生复杂的化学反应形成炉腹煤气；The injection medium undergoes complex chemical reactions in the blast furnace to form bosh gas;
    根据原燃料条件，调控所述喷吹介质的比例，以调节炉腹煤气中CO和H 2的比例。 According to the conditions of the raw fuel, the ratio of the injection medium is regulated to adjust the ratio of CO and H2 in the bosh gas.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种多介质喷吹的高炉炼铁方法，其特征在于：吨铁煤气喷吹量、吨铁富氢介质喷吹量以及吨铁富氧热风喷吹量之和与同炉容的高炉吨铁耗热风量相近。A blast furnace ironmaking method with multi-media injection according to claim 1, characterized in that: the sum of the amount of gas injection per ton of iron, the amount of hydrogen-rich medium injection per ton of iron, and the amount of oxygen-enriched hot air injection per ton of iron is the same as The hot air consumption per ton of iron of a blast furnace with the same furnace capacity is similar.
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的一种多介质喷吹的高炉炼铁方法，其特征在于：所述煤粉和所述富氧热风由风口喷入高炉，所述富氢介质和所述煤气由风口或炉身喷入高炉。A blast furnace ironmaking method with multi-media injection according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the pulverized coal and the oxygen-enriched hot air are sprayed into the blast furnace through the tuyeres, and the hydrogen-rich medium and the gas It is sprayed into the blast furnace through the tuyere or furnace shaft.
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种多介质喷吹的高炉炼铁方法，其特征在于：若所述富氢介质和所述煤气由风口喷入高炉，则所述富氢介质的喷吹压力和所述煤气的喷吹压力均高于富氧热风的喷吹压力。A blast furnace ironmaking method with multi-media injection according to claim 3, characterized in that: if the hydrogen-rich medium and the gas are injected into the blast furnace through the tuyere, the injection pressure of the hydrogen-rich medium and the The injection pressure of the coal gas is higher than the injection pressure of the oxygen-enriched hot air.
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种多介质喷吹的高炉炼铁方法，其特征在于：所述富氢介质包括焦炉煤气、甲烷、石化废气和水电解制氢，所述富氢介质的氢含量高于50％，且不含CO 2。 A blast furnace ironmaking method with multi-media injection according to claim 1, characterized in that: the hydrogen-rich medium includes coke oven gas, methane, petrochemical waste gas and water electrolysis to produce hydrogen, and the hydrogen in the hydrogen-rich medium The content is higher than 50%, and does not contain CO 2 .
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种多介质喷吹的高炉炼铁方法，其特征在于：所述富氢介质喷吹入高炉前需经净化处理，净化后的富氢介质中液态或固态杂质含量低于0.02％。A blast furnace ironmaking method with multi-media injection according to claim 1, characterized in that: the hydrogen-rich medium needs to be purified before being injected into the blast furnace, and the content of liquid or solid impurities in the purified hydrogen-rich medium is Less than 0.02%.
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种多介质喷吹的高炉炼铁方法，其特征在于：所述煤气包括高炉煤气、转炉煤气和煤制气。A blast furnace ironmaking method with multi-media injection according to claim 1, characterized in that: said gas includes blast furnace gas, converter gas and coal-to-gas.
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种多介质喷吹的高炉炼铁方法，其特征在于：所述煤气喷吹入高炉前需经净化处理，净化后的煤气中S及固体颗粒物含量低于0.02％。A blast furnace ironmaking method with multi-media injection according to claim 1, characterized in that: the gas needs to be purified before being injected into the blast furnace, and the content of S and solid particles in the purified gas is lower than 0.02% .
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的一种多介质喷吹的高炉炼铁方法，其特征在于：所述煤气喷吹入高炉前需经加热处理，加热温度为950℃以上。The blast furnace ironmaking method with multi-media injection according to claim 1, characterized in that: the gas needs to be heated before being injected into the blast furnace, and the heating temperature is above 950°C.
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的一种多介质喷吹的高炉炼铁方法，其特征在于：若所述煤气中的CO 2含量超过5％，则所述煤气喷吹入高炉前需经脱碳处理。 A blast furnace ironmaking method with multi-media injection according to claim 1, characterized in that: if the CO2 content in the gas exceeds 5%, the gas needs to be decarburized before being injected into the blast furnace .
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的一种多介质喷吹的高炉炼铁方法，其特征在于：所述煤气喷吹入高炉前经脱氮处理，以提高所述煤气中还原性气体含量。The blast furnace ironmaking method with multi-media injection according to claim 1, characterized in that: the gas is denitrified before being injected into the blast furnace, so as to increase the reducing gas content in the gas.
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的一种多介质喷吹的高炉炼铁方法，其特征在于：所述铁矿石为高还原性铁矿石，包括烧结矿、球团矿、块矿和复合铁焦中的一种或几种，其综合入炉品位大于58％，其还原度指数RI大于80％。A blast furnace ironmaking method with multi-media injection according to claim 1, characterized in that: said iron ore is highly reducing iron ore, including sintered ore, pellet ore, lump ore and composite iron coke One or more of them, the comprehensive furnace grade is greater than 58%, and the reduction index RI is greater than 80%.
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