CN115478122A - Ammonia-rich raw fuel for blast furnace iron making and blast furnace iron making method - Google Patents
Ammonia-rich raw fuel for blast furnace iron making and blast furnace iron making method Download PDFInfo
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 296
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 158
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 156
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 147
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003034 coal gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 syngas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 21
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 19
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 10
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000001015 abdomen Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001062472 Stokellia anisodon Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001872 inorganic gas Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
- C21B5/001—Injecting additional fuel or reducing agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
- C21B5/001—Injecting additional fuel or reducing agents
- C21B2005/005—Selection or treatment of the reducing gases
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Iron (AREA)
Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of iron and steel smelting, in particular to an ammonia-rich raw fuel for blast furnace iron making and a blast furnace iron making method; the chemical composition of the ammonia-rich raw fuel comprises carbon solid raw fuel and blowing raw fuel, and the mass ratio x of the ammonia to the ammonia-rich raw fuel satisfies the following conditions: x is more than 0 and less than or equal to 40 percent; the method comprises the following steps: feeding the ammonia-rich raw fuel into the blast furnace, introducing oxygen-containing gas, and then combusting to form a reducing gas environment; adding iron ore into the reducing gas environment, and smelting to reduce the iron ore to obtain molten iron; because ammonia is subjected to a series of physical and chemical reactions in the blast furnace to generate H 2 ，H 2 The ammonia-rich raw fuel can be used as a reducing agent to replace a carbon reducing agent, ammonia in the ammonia-rich raw fuel is used to replace part of carbon to be used as the reducing agent and the fuel, the mass ratio range of the ammonia in the ammonia-rich raw fuel is controlled, the ammonia is combusted to release heat, the fuel of the traditional blast furnace iron-making process is partially replaced, the fuel ratio of the blast furnace can be effectively reduced, and the carbon emission of carbon dioxide gas is further reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of iron and steel smelting, in particular to an ammonia-rich raw fuel for blast furnace iron making and a blast furnace iron making method.
Background
In the current metallurgical industry, the blast furnace ironmaking process is still the mainstream ironmaking process in the future due to mature technology, large production capacity and high operation efficiency. Because coke and coal powder are used as reducing agents and fuels in blast furnace ironmaking, the energy consumption is high, and the carbon emission is high, so that the CO is generated in iron and steel enterprises 2 The large household of discharge. According to incomplete statistics, CO generated in blast furnace ironmaking 2 The emission amount of CO accounts for the whole steel production 2 70 to 90 percent of the total emission, thereby reducing the CO generated in the blast furnace ironmaking process under the conditions of low carbon emission reduction and severe environmental protection 2 The emission is very important and is a key link for realizing low carbonization and greening of the whole steel manufacturing process.
Blast furnace iron making currently reduces blast furnace CO mainly by reducing the total energy consumption of the process 2 The emission is not changed, but the fuel structure of the high furnace is not changed, and only the improvement of the process and the equipment is used for reducing CO 2 Is very limited. Therefore how to provide low CO for blast furnace ironmaking 2 The discharged fuel is a technical problem which needs to be solved at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides an ammonia-rich raw fuel for blast furnace ironmaking and a blast furnace ironmaking method, which aim to solve the problem of CO of the fuel of the blast furnace in the prior art 2 The technical problem of excessive discharge amount.
In a first aspect, the present application provides an ammonia-rich raw fuel for blast furnace iron making, the chemical composition of the ammonia-rich raw fuel comprising ammonia, a carbon solid raw fuel and a blowing raw fuel, and the mass ratio x of the ammonia and the ammonia-rich raw fuel satisfies: x is more than 0 and less than or equal to 40 percent so as to replace the carbon solid raw fuel or the blowing raw fuel.
Optionally, the mass ratio x of the ammonia and the ammonia-rich raw fuel satisfies: x is more than 0 and less than or equal to 30 percent.
Optionally, the carbonaceous solid feedstock comprises coke.
Optionally, the injection raw fuel includes at least one of coal, heavy oil, conventional natural gas, unconventional natural gas, hydrogen, synthesis gas, and coal gas.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a method of blast furnace ironmaking, the method comprising:
feeding the ammonia-rich raw fuel of the first aspect into a blast furnace, and introducing an oxygen-containing gas, and then combusting to form a reducing gas environment;
and adding iron ore into the reducing gas environment, and smelting to reduce the iron ore to obtain molten iron.
Optionally, the adding amount of ammonia in the ammonia-rich raw fuel is 50 kg-150 kg per ton of iron ore; and/or the sum of the adding amount of the carbon solid raw fuel and the injecting raw fuel in the ammonia-rich raw fuel is 350 kg-450 kg in each ton of iron ore.
Optionally, the volume fraction of oxygen in the oxygen-containing gas is more than or equal to 21%.
Optionally, the reducing gas atmosphere comprises H 2 Said H is 2 The volume fraction of (A) is 5-30%.
Optionally, the combustion end temperature is 2000 ℃ to 2200 ℃.
Optionally, the feeding mode of the ammonia-rich raw fuel comprises a blast furnace tuyere injection mode and/or a furnace body nozzle injection mode.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application has the following advantages:
according to the ammonia-rich raw fuel for blast furnace iron making, ammonia in the ammonia-rich raw fuel is used for replacing a part of carbon solid raw fuel to serve as a reducing agent and a fuel, the range of the mass ratio of the ammonia to the ammonia-rich raw fuel is controlled, and within the range of the mass ratio, the ammonia can have three reaction modes in the blast furnace iron making.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive exercise.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method provided in an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be specifically explained below with reference to specific embodiments and examples, and the advantages and various effects of the present invention will be more clearly apparent therefrom. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that these specific embodiments and examples are illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Throughout the specification, unless otherwise specifically noted, terms used herein should be understood as having meanings as commonly used in the art. Accordingly, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. If there is a conflict, the present specification will control.
Unless otherwise specifically indicated, various raw materials, reagents, instruments, equipment and the like used in the present invention may be commercially available or may be prepared by existing methods.
The inventive thinking of the application is that:
at present, the hot spot for reducing carbon dioxide in blast furnace iron making is blast furnace hydrogen-rich smelting, ammonia is used as a hydrogen-based renewable fuel, has the characteristic that the hydrogen-based fuel is carbon-free, and is safer, and compared with hydrogen energy, the ammonia energy is easy to liquefy and store, has the volume energy density twice that of hydrogen, and has the advantages of storage and transportation. Therefore, the ammonia is applied to blast furnace ironmaking, and the emission of carbon dioxide can be effectively reduced.
The reaction principle of ammonia in the blast furnace ironmaking process is as follows:
the first mode is as follows: injecting ammonia into a tuyere of the blast furnace, and carrying out combustion reaction with oxygen in a tuyere area of the blast furnace:
4NH 3 +3O 2 ＝2N 2 +6H 2 O；
formation of gaseous H 2 After O, a water gas reaction occurs:
C+H 2 O＝CO+H 2 ；
the overall reaction equation is:
4NH 3 +3O 2 +6C＝6CO+6H 2 +2N 2 ；
in the second mode, ammonia is sprayed into a tuyere of a blast furnace, and decomposition reaction is carried out in the tuyere area of the blast furnace under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure:
2NH 3 ＝N 2 +3H 2 。
the reaction produces reducing gases CO and H 2 . The injected ammonia gas is mainly N 2 CO and H 2 In which H 2 The content can reach or be higher than 10-30%, and the volume of the coal gas in the furnace cavity is not greatly increased compared with that of the traditional blast furnace; the theoretical combustion temperature is reduced due to the fact that partial heat needs to be absorbed in the water gas reaction, but the theoretical combustion temperature can be controlled by adjusting parameters such as comprehensive coke ratio, ammonia injection amount, oxygen enrichment amount and blast humidity and is in a reasonable range of 2000-2200 ℃. Although the iron ore reduction furnace is lower than the traditional blast furnace, the production of the blast furnace and the quality of iron ore are not influenced.
The third mode is as follows: the ammonia is sprayed into the furnace body from a tuyere or a furnace body nozzle, wherein the furnace body nozzle can be arranged at the lower parts of a furnace belly, a furnace waist and a furnace body of the blast furnace, and the ammonia directly carries out reduction reaction with iron ore:
3FeO+NH 3 ＝3Fe+N 2 +H 2 O
in order to solve the technical problems, the embodiment of the invention provides the following general ideas:
in one embodiment of the present application, there is provided an ammonia-rich raw fuel for blast furnace iron making, the chemical composition of the ammonia-rich raw fuel comprising ammonia, a carbon solid raw fuel and an injection raw fuel, the mass ratio x of the ammonia and the ammonia-rich raw fuel satisfying: x is more than 0 and less than or equal to 40 percent to replace the carbon solid raw fuel or the blowing raw fuel, wherein the ammonia can be liquid ammonia or gaseous ammonia.
In the embodiment of the application, the positive effect of controlling the mass ratio of ammonia to the ammonia-rich raw fuel is that in the range of the mass ratio, because ammonia is a hydrogen-rich substance and a hydrogen-based fuel, in the blast furnace iron making process, a part of ammonia can be decomposed into hydrogen and nitrogen, the other part of ammonia reacts with oxygen to generate water vapor, and then reacts with carbon-containing fuel to generate carbon monoxide and hydrogen, the mass ratio of ammonia is controlled, and the rest part of ammonia can directly react with iron oxide in iron ore to directly generate molten iron, so that the reduction requirement of the blast furnace iron making can be met by replacing solid raw fuel with ammonia and injecting raw fuel, and the amount of carbon dioxide generated after replacing carbon solid raw fuel with injecting raw fuel or injecting raw fuel can be reduced, thereby reducing the emission amount of carbon dioxide.
The raw fuel refers to raw materials and fuels in the steel industry, and most of the raw materials and fuels in the steel industry contain carbon elements, so most of the raw fuels can play the role of reducing agents and can provide heat energy generated by combustion in the steelmaking process.
In some alternative embodiments, the mass ratio x of the ammonia and the ammonia-rich raw fuel satisfies: x is more than 0 and less than or equal to 30 percent.
The embodiments of the present applicationThe positive effect of further controlling the mass ratio of the ammonia to the ammonia-rich raw fuel is that the actual requirements of blast furnace iron making can be comprehensively considered in the mass ratio range, the actual effect of replacing carbon solid raw fuel with ammonia or blowing the raw fuel is improved, and the CO is ensured to be reduced as far as possible under the condition of low cost 2 And (4) discharging.
In some alternative embodiments, the injection raw fuel comprises at least one of coal, heavy oil, conventional natural gas, unconventional natural gas, hydrogen, syngas, and coal gas.
Conventional natural gas generally refers to natural gas developed from conventional hydrocarbon reservoirs, i.e., natural gas found by exploration practices that can be explained by conventional hydrocarbon generation theory, and is referred to as conventional natural gas. For example: methane, a mixture of methane and ethane or a mixture of methane, ethane and propane.
The unconventional natural gas refers to natural gas that cannot be exploited by conventional techniques for a certain period of time for various reasons and cannot be exploited profitably, and may be converted into conventional natural gas at a certain stage. For example: coal bed gas, shale gas, water-soluble gas, natural gas hydrate, inorganic gas, shallow layer biogas or tight sandstone gas.
In the embodiment of the application, the specific type of the injected raw fuel is controlled, most of injected fuels in iron making can be contained, and the universality of the ammonia-rich raw fuel is improved.
Next, as shown in fig. 1, a method for blast furnace ironmaking according to an embodiment of the present application is described, the method including:
s1, feeding the ammonia-rich raw fuel into a blast furnace, introducing oxygen-containing gas, and then combusting to form a reducing gas environment;
and S2, adding iron ore into the reducing gas environment, and smelting to reduce the iron ore to obtain molten iron.
Since the ammonia-rich raw fuel used in the method described in the embodiment of the present application is the ammonia-rich raw fuel provided in the embodiment of the present application, the combination and content information of the ammonia-rich raw fuel will not be described herein again. All methods for blast furnace iron making including the ammonia-rich raw fuel of the embodiments of the present application are intended to be within the scope of the present application.
In the embodiment of the application, through burning rich ammonia raw fuel earlier, form reducing atmosphere after, add the iron ore and smelt, can guarantee the reduction effect of iron ore, and after avoiding directly mixing rich ammonia raw fuel, oxygen and iron ore, the direct oxidation of iron ore consumes oxygen, leads rich ammonia raw fuel can't form sufficient reducing gas environment, influences the reduction process of iron ore.
In some alternative embodiments, the ammonia is added in an amount of 50kg to 150kg per ton of iron ore in the ammonia-rich raw fuel.
In this application embodiment, the positive effect of the addition of control ammonia is through the addition of control ammonia for partly ammonia can decompose and form hydrogen in the rich ammonia raw fuel, and another part ammonia can burn and produce water, and promotes going on of water gas reaction, and then improves the effect that the iron ore reduced.
In some alternative embodiments, the sum of the amount of the carbonaceous solid raw fuel and the amount of the blowing raw fuel added to the ammonia-rich raw fuel is 350kg to 450kg per ton of the iron ore.
In the embodiment of the application, the positive effect of controlling the sum of the addition of the carbon solid raw fuel and the injection raw fuel to be 350 kg-450 kg is that the addition of other fuels except ammonia is controlled, so that on one hand, the sufficient carbon content can be ensured, the full progress of the water gas reaction is ensured, sufficient hydrogen and carbon monoxide are generated, the effect of reducing iron ore is improved, and on the other hand, sufficient heat is provided to ensure that the iron ore is melted into molten iron.
In some alternative embodiments, the volume fraction of oxygen in the oxygen-containing gas is ≧ 21%.
In the embodiment of the application, the positive effect of controlling the volume fraction of oxygen in the oxygen-containing gas to be more than 21% is that within the range of the volume fraction, the ammonia-rich raw fuel can be fully combusted, so that part of ammonia is converted into water vapor and nitrogen, and the subsequent water gas reaction is guaranteed.
In some alternative embodimentsIn the reducing gas atmosphere, the reducing gas atmosphere comprises H 2 Said H is 2 The volume fraction of (A) is 5-30%.
In the embodiment of the present application, control H 2 The positive effect of the volume fraction of (2) being 5% to 30% is that in this volume fraction range, the reducing gas environment is rendered at H 2 Mainly avoids CO from being mainly used in the reducing gas environment generated by the combustion of the traditional carbon-containing fuel, thereby reducing the CO generated by the reaction of CO and iron ore in the subsequent reduction stage 2 Thereby reducing the amount of CO generated in blast furnace ironmaking 2 The amount of discharge of (c).
In some alternative embodiments, the end point temperature of the combustion is between 2000 ℃ and 2200 ℃.
In the embodiment of the application, the positive effect of controlling the end point temperature of combustion to be 2000-2200 ℃ is that in the temperature range, the temperature reduction caused by heat absorption of water gas reaction can be avoided, and the combustion temperature can be ensured to meet the temperature requirement of iron ore reduction, so that the iron ore reduction is smoothly carried out.
In some alternative embodiments, the ammonia-rich raw fuel is injected through a blast furnace tuyere and/or a furnace body nozzle, wherein the furnace body nozzle comprises a nozzle positioned on a furnace belly, a furnace waist and a lower part of a furnace body.
In the embodiment of the application, the mode of input of rich ammonia raw fuel of control can be through the mode of control jetting, on the one hand, can be through these two kinds of modes of jetting, and the raw fuel of rich ammonia is spouted alone or mixed injection and the raw fuel of jetting, conveniently throws the material, and on the other hand, through the concrete mode of control jetting, can also make mix completely between ammonia and the solid raw fuel of carbon element and the raw fuel of jetting, impels the abundant burning of combustion stage ammonia and oxygen.
Example 1
An ammonia-rich raw fuel for blast furnace ironmaking, the chemical composition of the ammonia-rich raw fuel comprises ammonia, carbon solid raw fuel and blowing raw fuel, and the mass ratio x of the ammonia to the ammonia-rich raw fuel satisfies the following conditions: x =20%.
The ammonia-rich raw fuel comprises ammonia per ton of iron ore by weight: 100kg, coke: 280kg, coal: 120kg.
A method of blast furnace ironmaking comprising:
s1, towards 1500m 3 The blast furnace tuyere is added with ammonia, coke and coal of the ammonia-rich raw fuel in a mixed blowing mode, oxygen-rich gas with the volume fraction of 20 percent is introduced through blast furnace blowing, and then combustion is carried out to form a reducing gas environment;
s2, adding iron ore into the reducing gas environment, smelting, and reducing the iron ore to obtain molten iron, wherein the consumed pure oxygen amount is 195m in terms of weight of each ton of iron ore 3 。
Example 2
Example 2 is compared with example 1, with the difference between example 2 and example 1 being that:
the amount of ammonia added to the ammonia-rich raw fuel was 150kg per ton of iron ore.
The adding amount of the carbon-containing fuel in the ammonia-rich raw fuel is 350kg in each ton of iron ore, wherein the ratio of coke: 245kg, coal: 105kg.
Example 3
Example 3 is compared to example 1, with example 3 differing from example 1 in that:
the amount of ammonia added to the ammonia-rich raw fuel was 50kg per ton of iron ore.
The adding amount of the carbon-containing fuel in the ammonia-rich raw fuel is 450kg in terms of each ton of iron ore, wherein the weight ratio of coke: 315kg, coal: 135kg.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 and example 1 were compared, with comparative example 1 and example 1 differing in that:
and (2) adding no ammonia, wherein the adding amount of the carbon-containing fuel is 500kg in each ton of iron ore, and the ratio of coke: 350kg, coal: 150kg.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 is compared with example 1, and comparative example 2 differs from example 1 in that:
the amount of ammonia added to the ammonia-rich raw fuel was 40kg per ton of iron ore.
The amount of carbonaceous fuel added to the ammonia-rich raw fuel was 460kg per ton of iron ore, where the coke: 322kg, coal: 138kg.
Comparative example 3
Comparative example 3 is compared with example 1, the difference between comparative example 3 and example 1 being:
the amount of ammonia added to the ammonia-rich raw fuel was 180kg per ton of iron ore.
The adding amount of the carbon-containing fuel in the ammonia-rich raw fuel is 350kg in each ton of iron ore, wherein the ratio of coke: 245kg, coal: 105kg.
Related experiments:
the composition of the top gas of each ammonia-rich raw fuel in the blast furnace ironmaking process is counted respectively, and the result is shown in table 1.
Test methods of the related experiments:
content of CO: the determination is carried out according to the standard method for determining the content of components and impurities of the artificial gas (GB/T12208-2008).
CO 2 The content is as follows: the determination is carried out according to the standard method for determining the content of the components and the impurities of the artificial gas (GB/T12208-2008).
H 2 The contents are as follows: the determination is carried out according to the standard method for determining the content of components and impurities of the artificial gas (GB/T12208-2008).
N 2 The content is as follows: the determination is carried out according to the standard method for determining the content of the components and the impurities of the artificial gas (GB/T12208-2008).
TABLE 1
Meanwhile, the reducing gas atmosphere in example 1 was measured, and the gas composition in the blast furnace bosh was: h 2 ：15％～25％，CO：25％～35％，N 2 ：45％～55％。
Specific analysis of table 1:
from the data of examples 1-3, it can be seen that, by using ammonia in the ammonia-rich raw fuel of the present application instead of a part of carbon as a reducing agent, because ammonia reacts in a blast furnace iron-making process in two ways, one way is that ammonia is decomposed in a high temperature environment to generate hydrogen, the other way is that ammonia and oxygen react with each other to generate water vapor, and then the generated water vapor and carbon-containing fuel are used to perform a water gas reaction to generate carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and the reducing gases generated by the two ways, hydrogen and carbon monoxide, can reduce iron ore in the blast furnace iron-making process to ensure the quality of molten iron in the blast furnace iron-making process, so that compared with the conventional blast furnace iron-making process in which a large amount of carbon-containing fuel is used, the use of carbon-containing fuel can be reduced, and further the carbon emission of carbon dioxide gas can be reduced.
It can be seen from the data of comparative examples 1-3 that the use of ammonia in the ammonia-rich raw fuel of the present invention, or the use of ammonia in the ammonia-rich raw fuel below 40%, results in a dramatic increase in the carbon dioxide content in the top gas from blast furnace ironmaking.
One or more technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application at least have the following technical effects or advantages:
(1) According to the ammonia-rich raw fuel for blast furnace iron making, ammonia in the ammonia-rich raw fuel is used for replacing a part of carbon solid raw fuel and blowing raw fuel to serve as a reducing agent, and meanwhile, the range of the mass ratio of the ammonia to the ammonia-rich raw fuel is controlled, so that reductive H can be generated 2 And CO, and meanwhile, the ammonia has a circular environment, so that the use of carbon solid raw fuel and injected raw fuel can be reduced, and the ammonia can also replace the injected raw fuel, so that the cost is saved, the consumption of carbon in the injected raw fuel can be reduced, and the carbon emission of carbon dioxide gas is comprehensively reduced.
(2) According to the ammonia-rich raw fuel for blast furnace iron making, the hydrogen content of the coal gas in the furnace is improved due to the ammonia, so that the reduction potential of the coal gas in the furnace is improved, and H is generated under the high-temperature condition in the blast furnace 2 The reduction capacity of the smelting furnace is higher than that of CO, the consumption of carbon reducing agent and fuel can be effectively reduced, the smelting efficiency of the blast furnace is greatly improved, the yield is increased, and the blast furnace is utilizedThe number can be further increased, and the yield of the blast furnace with the same volume can be greatly improved.
(3) According to the ammonia-rich raw fuel for blast furnace iron making, ammonia is used as green new energy fuel to burn and release heat in the blast furnace, carbon solid raw fuel and carbon elements in injected raw fuel of a traditional blast furnace iron making process are partially replaced, the carbon element fuel ratio can be effectively reduced, and carbon emission is greatly reduced.
(4) According to the blast furnace ironmaking method provided by the embodiment of the application, if the process of injecting ammonia into the tuyere is adopted, the theoretical combustion temperature of the tuyere can be reduced, and N generated by reaction can be generated 2 The blast furnace can be used as a heat carrier, heat is transferred from the lower part of the blast furnace to the upper part of the blast furnace along with the rising of gas flow, the contradiction that the theoretical combustion temperature of the tuyere of the oxygen-enriched blast furnace is too high and the heat of the upper part of the blast furnace is insufficient due to the small amount of gas in the blast furnace can be effectively solved, the process is a process perfectly agreeing with high oxygen-enriched iron making, the use of fuel in the blast furnace iron-making hot blast furnace process can be reduced, and the carbon emission is further reduced.
(5) According to the blast furnace ironmaking method provided by the embodiment of the application, H in top gas after blast furnace ironmaking is finally carried out 2 The volume percentage is about 20 percent, and the heat value reaches 5000kJ/m 3 Therefore, the high-calorific-value coal gas can be used as a secondary energy source or a raw material of a chemical plant, and the conversion efficiency of the energy source is improved.
It is noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second," and the like, may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrases "comprising 8230; \8230;" comprises 8230; "does not exclude the presence of additional like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The endpoints of the ranges and any values disclosed herein are not limited to the precise range or value, and these ranges or values should be understood to encompass values close to these ranges or values. For ranges of values, between the endpoints of each of the ranges and the individual points, and between the individual points may be combined with each other to give one or more new ranges of values, and these ranges of values should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.
The foregoing are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, which enable those skilled in the art to understand or practice the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. An ammonia-rich raw fuel for blast furnace iron making, which is characterized in that the chemical composition of the ammonia-rich raw fuel comprises ammonia, carbon solid raw fuel and blowing raw fuel, and the mass ratio x of the ammonia to the ammonia-rich raw fuel satisfies the following conditions: x is more than 0 and less than or equal to 40 percent so as to replace the carbon solid raw fuel or the blowing raw fuel.
2. The ammonia-rich raw fuel of claim 1, wherein a ratio x of the mass of the ammonia to the ammonia-rich raw fuel satisfies: x is more than 0 and less than or equal to 30 percent.
3. The ammonia-rich raw fuel of claim 1, wherein the carbonaceous solid raw fuel comprises coke.
4. The ammonia-rich raw fuel of claim 1, wherein the injection raw fuel comprises at least one of coal, heavy oil, conventional natural gas, unconventional natural gas, hydrogen, syngas, and coal gas.
5. A method of blast furnace ironmaking, the method comprising:
feeding the ammonia-rich raw fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 4 into the blast furnace, and introducing an oxygen-containing gas, followed by combustion, to form a reducing gas atmosphere;
and adding iron ore into the reducing gas environment, and smelting to reduce the iron ore to obtain molten iron.
6. A method according to claim 5, characterized in that the amount of ammonia added to the ammonia-rich raw fuel is 50-150 kg per ton of iron ore; and/or
The sum of the adding amount of the carbon solid raw fuel and the blowing raw fuel in the ammonia-rich raw fuel is 350 kg-450 kg in terms of each ton of iron ore.
7. The method according to claim 5, wherein the volume fraction of oxygen in the oxygen-containing gas is not less than 21%.
8. The method of claim 5, wherein the reducing gas environment comprises H 2 Said H is 2 The volume fraction of (A) is 5-30%.
9. The method of claim 5, wherein the end point temperature of combustion is from 2000 ℃ to 2200 ℃.
10. The method of claim 5, wherein the ammonia-rich raw fuel is injected by a blast furnace tuyere and/or a furnace body nozzle.
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