WO2023040245A1 - 一种系泊系统 - Google Patents

一种系泊系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023040245A1
WO2023040245A1 PCT/CN2022/085829 CN2022085829W WO2023040245A1 WO 2023040245 A1 WO2023040245 A1 WO 2023040245A1 CN 2022085829 W CN2022085829 W CN 2022085829W WO 2023040245 A1 WO2023040245 A1 WO 2023040245A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
mooring
counterweight
buoy
mooring system
rope
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PCT/CN2022/085829
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
范会渠
丁盛
王凯
Original Assignee
夏尔特拉(上海)新能源科技有限公司
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Priority claimed from CN202111097938.6A external-priority patent/CN113636019A/zh
Priority claimed from CN202122278861.4U external-priority patent/CN215971973U/zh
Application filed by 夏尔特拉(上海)新能源科技有限公司 filed Critical 夏尔特拉(上海)新能源科技有限公司
Priority to JP2024600042U priority Critical patent/JP3248672U/ja
Publication of WO2023040245A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023040245A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/60—Floating cultivation devices, e.g. rafts or floating fish-farms
    • A01K61/65—Connecting or mooring devices therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
    • B63B21/20—Adaptations of chains, ropes, hawsers, or the like, or of parts thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B22/00—Buoys
    • B63B22/04—Fixations or other anchoring arrangements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of mooring on water, in particular to a mooring system.
  • Floating structures are subjected to external loads such as wind, waves, and currents at sea, and a corresponding mooring system is required to connect them to the seabed to ensure that they are moored near the target position and will not be washed away by wind, waves, and currents. Run or blow away.
  • Common mooring systems The forms of mooring systems are different according to the target water depth. According to the relative proportional relationship between the size of the floating structure and the water depth, the mooring system can be divided into deep water mooring and shallow water mooring.
  • the projected outer contour area of the underwater part of the floating structure on the horizontal plane as S, and define the characteristic scale of the outer contour of the floating structure
  • ⁇ the wavelength corresponding to the peak period of the wave spectrum under the design extreme environmental conditions
  • WD the water depth
  • the corresponding mooring system can be regarded as shallow water mooring, and other mooring systems can be regarded as medium Depth or deep water mooring.
  • the usual mooring system lines include catenary, semi-tensioned, or tensioned moorings.
  • Deepwater mooring system design is relatively easy.
  • the design of the mooring system needs to be able to withstand relatively large environmental conditions, and its design has very large technical challenges.
  • the difficulty in the design of shallow water mooring is that if the mooring rope is set in the form of a catenary, the length of the mooring rope must be set very Long, usually shallow water mooring if mooring in the form of a catenary is used, the mooring radius will be more than ten times, or even twenty or thirty times the water depth.
  • the shallow water mooring system is difficult to be made into a tension mooring scheme with a small mooring radius (for example, within ten times the water depth).
  • the reason is that if the shallow water tension mooring is applied, the mooring rope will , deviates from the design equilibrium position, and the mooring rope is in a tight state as a whole.
  • the floating structure when subjected to high environmental conditions and sea conditions, the floating structure is excited by the load of ocean waves, except for the waves that make it deflect slowly. In addition to the drift force and steady force (wind, current), it is also excited by the wave frequency load of the wave.
  • the wave excitation load is one or even two orders of magnitude larger than the slow drift load.
  • the movement of the platform under the wave frequency excitation is transmitted to the tension
  • the mooring line at this time can only rely on the elastic deformation of its own material to bear the load transmitted by the platform, because the material of the mooring line itself has a large stiffness along its length, just like a tight string , is plucked at the upper end, which will cause a huge dynamic tension inside the mooring rope.
  • the peak value of the dynamic tension is many times larger than the value of the simple static offset, and the ratio between the two can reach ten times or even dozens of times. .
  • the dynamic response characteristics of the shallow water tension mooring system determine that the shallow water mooring system cannot simply adopt a small radius tension mooring system if it is used as a long-term mooring system to withstand large sea conditions.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a mooring system with small mooring radius and low tension to overcome the above-mentioned defects in the prior art.
  • a mooring system including a mooring rope, one end of the mooring rope is connected to an anchor point on the bottom of the water, and the other end is used to connect to a floating structure on the water surface, the mooring rope
  • the mooring rope is provided with at least one buoy and at least two counterweights, the counterweight and the buoy are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the mooring rope, and there is at least one counterweight on both sides of each buoy.
  • At least one mooring rope is provided with a counterweight and a buoy.
  • the maximum buoyancy of the buoy is greater than the sum of the underwater gravity of the counterweights on both sides of the buoy.
  • the mooring lines are anchor chains or wire ropes or composite cables.
  • the anchor points provide horizontal and vertical bearing capacity.
  • the anchor point is a suction anchor or a mud plate anchor.
  • the counterweight includes a steel shell, and the inside of the steel shell is filled with concrete or iron ore.
  • the buoy adopts a floating ball
  • the floating ball is a steel hollow structure.
  • a single buoy includes several small buoys arranged in a distributed manner.
  • a single counterweight includes several small weights arranged in a distributed manner.
  • a combined structure in the form of "counterweight-pontoon-counterweight” is arranged on the mooring rope, so that the mooring system as a whole forms the ability to restrict the offset of floating structures in the horizontal direction, and at the same time
  • the mooring system as a whole has sufficient flexibility, and the overall stiffness is small.
  • the wave-frequency motion of the floating structure drives the movement of the mooring connection point, which cannot cause a large increase in the dynamic response load of the mooring system as a whole, just like giving the mooring
  • a low-stiffness shock-proof buffer is added in the middle of the system, which can reduce the dynamic tension brought by the wave frequency excitation in the mooring rope by one to two orders of magnitude, and the dynamic tension brought by the wave frequency excitation is reduced to the mooring rope. Same level as static offset loads. Therefore, using the mooring system of the present invention can greatly reduce the length of the mooring rope, and the tension level of the mooring rope can also be reduced by an order of magnitude, which greatly reduces the overall cost of the originally expensive shallow water mooring system, which has important Economic Value.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic side view of a first implementation of a mooring system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic side view of the second embodiment of the mooring system of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic top view of a second implementation manner of the mooring system of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic top view of a third implementation manner of the mooring system of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a floating barge subjected to environmental loads.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection. Connected, or integrally connected; it can be mechanically connected or electrically connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary, and it can be the internal communication of two components. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention according to specific situations.
  • the mooring system in this embodiment is a composite mooring system with small mooring radius and low tension suitable for mooring in shallow water, which is proposed according to the dynamic response characteristics of the mooring system in shallow water.
  • the mooring system of the present embodiment includes a mooring rope 1, one end of the mooring rope 1 (such as the end) is connected to the anchor point 2 of the water bottom a, and the anchor point 2 is anchored to the water bottom a, and the other end of the mooring rope 1 (such as the upper end) is used to connect the floating structure 5 on the water surface b, so as to tie the floating structure 5 to the target position area on the water surface b.
  • the mooring line 1 is provided with at least one buoy 4 and at least two counterweights 3, and the counterweights 3 and the buoys 4 are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the mooring line 1 to form a multi-section mooring line that connects the counterweights 3 and
  • the composite structure of the buoys 4 has at least one counterweight 3 on both sides of each buoy 4, so that a combined structure in the form of "counterweight 3-pontoon 4-counterweight 3" is formed on the mooring rope 1, Through such a combined structure, relying on the upward buoyancy of the buoy 4 in the water and the downward gravity of the counterweight 3 , a spring-like flexible load buffering function can be realized in the mooring rope 1 .
  • the maximum buoyancy of the buoy 4 is greater than that of the counterweight 3 on both sides of the buoy 4.
  • the sum of underwater gravity can make the combination structure of "counterweight 3-pontoon 4-counterweight 3" in the water in the state that the counterweights 3 on both sides are lifted by the middle buoy 4, when the combined structure is due to When the floating structure 5 exists and receives tension, the distance between the counterweights 3 on both sides will be pulled apart, and due to the existence of the buoy 4, the counterweights 3 on both sides will always have a tendency to approach the middle, so
  • the entire mooring system forms a spring-like return restraint mechanism between the anchor point 2 and the moored floating structure 5, which has a flexible load buffering function and can constrain the water surface of the floating structure 5 in the horizontal direction.
  • Offset range If the floating structure 5 is offset, the upper end of the mooring line 1 is connected to the floating structure 5, and will also move accordingly. When the floating structure 5 is far away from the anchor point 2, the "fitting" The combined structure in the form of weight 3-pontoon 4-counterweight 3" will also be stretched, and the restraint load on the floating structure 5 will become larger; and when the floating structure 5 is close to the anchor point 2, the mooring rope 1, the pulling force in the combined structure of "counterweight 3-pontoon 4-counterweight 3" becomes smaller. That is, no matter how the floating structure 5 moves, the spatial position between the counterweights 3 on both sides and the middle buoy 4 in the combined structure of "counterweight 3-pontoon 4-counterweight 3" will be adjusted accordingly.
  • the combined structure can form an anchor point 2 for the floating structure 5 in the horizontal direction on the one hand.
  • the combined structure automatically adjusts its own spatial structure position, and will always provide corresponding restoring force.
  • the mooring system of this embodiment Different from traditional mooring ropes simply adding counterweights to improve the restoring force curve of mooring ropes, or the form of counterweight-unilateral buoys, the mooring system of this embodiment, by setting counterweights 3 on both sides of buoys 4
  • the combined structure in the form of "counterweight 3-pontoon 4-counterweight 3" makes the mooring system more flexible, and the pre-tension is controllable, so that the whole mooring system can have a better effect on the floating structure 5.
  • the horizontal constraint ability In addition, the overall rigidity of the mooring system in this embodiment is much smaller than that of the taut mooring rope without the combined structure of "counterweight 3-pontoon 4-counterweight 3", that is, this
  • the mooring system of an embodiment has great flexibility.
  • the floating structure 5 After being subjected to environmental loads, the floating structure 5 will shift to a new equilibrium position under the action of a constant force or a slowly changing force (current force, wind force, slow wave drifting force).
  • the excitation of the wave-frequency force moves, because the flexibility of the mooring system in this embodiment is relatively large, the wave-frequency excitation will be buffered by the flexible constraints of the mooring system, so the wave-frequency motion of the floating structure 5 will not
  • the mooring rope 1 causes a dynamic tension tens of times higher than the static equilibrium tension of the mooring rope 1, but forms a dynamic tension of the same magnitude as the static equilibrium tension of the mooring rope 1.
  • the overall tension of the mooring rope 1 in the entire mooring system is limited to a lower level, thereby reducing the technical level and requirements of each component in the mooring system, and can greatly reduce the service length of the mooring rope 1 , and the tension level of the mooring rope 1 can also be reduced by an order of magnitude, which greatly reduces the overall cost of the originally expensive shallow water mooring system.
  • a single buoy 4 may include several small buoys arranged in a distributed manner, and the several small buoys are arranged in a distributed manner to form a function equivalent to one buoy 4 as a whole.
  • a single counterweight 3 may include several small weights arranged in a distributed manner, and the distributed arrangement of several small weights forms a function equivalent to that of one counterweight 3 as a whole.
  • Fig. 1 shows that the mooring system adopts a single mooring rope 1, and the single mooring rope 1 is provided with a combined structure in the form of "counterweight 3-pontoon 4-counterweight 3".
  • the number of combined structures on it is not limited, and can be moored on a single mooring line according to actual engineering needs.
  • multiple mooring ropes 1 can be provided, wherein At least one mooring line 1 is provided with a counterweight 3 and a buoy 4, that is, at least one mooring line 1 is provided with a combined structure in the form of "counterweight 3-pontoon 4-counterweight 3".
  • a counterweight 3-pontoon 4-counterweight 3 At least one mooring line 1 is provided with a combined structure in the form of "counterweight 3-pontoon 4-counterweight 3"
  • all mooring ropes 1 are provided with a combined structure in the form of "counterweight 3-pontoon 4-counterweight 3", so as to optimize the overall effect of the mooring system.
  • Figures 2 and 3 show that the mooring system is equipped with four mooring lines 1, and Figure 4 shows that the mooring system is equipped with eight mooring lines 1, of course, the number and spatial arrangement of the mooring lines 1 are not limited to The mode shown in Fig. 2-Fig. 4 can be determined according to actual engineering needs, depending on many factors such as water condition, surrounding facilities, available water area, etc. Even if the mooring systems of the same floating structure all adopt the mooring system In the form of mooring ropes, the specific technical parameters of each mooring rope do not have to be completely consistent with other mooring ropes.
  • the configuration of the counterweight 3 and the buoy 4 on the single mooring line 1 is as described above. On the premise of ensuring the formation of at least one group of "counterweight 3-pontoon 4-counterweight 3" combined structure, according to the actual The engineering needs to select the quantity and arrangement of counterweights 3 and buoys 4 to form.
  • the mooring rope 1 plays the role of bearing tension.
  • the mooring rope 1 can use anchor chains, steel wire ropes or composite cables, and the anchor chains can be steel gearless anchor chains.
  • the mooring rope 1 can also use other materials capable of achieving equivalent mechanical functions.
  • the connection between the mooring lines 1 of multiple sections can be completed by using steel shackles or other components with equivalent functions.
  • the anchor point 2 realizes the anchoring of the lower end of the mooring rope 1 on the water bottom a.
  • the anchor point 2 provides horizontal bearing capacity and vertical bearing capacity.
  • the anchor point 2 can be a suction anchor or a deep mud anchor.
  • the anchor point 2 can also adopt other structures capable of realizing the underwater anchoring load-bearing function.
  • the counterweight 3 provides downward gravity in the water.
  • the counterweight 3 may include a steel shell, and the inside of the steel shell is filled with concrete or iron ore.
  • the counterweight 3 can also adopt other structures that can provide the required underwater gravity.
  • the buoy 4 provides upward buoyancy in the water.
  • the buoy 4 can use a floating ball, which is a steel hollow structure.
  • the buoy 4 can also adopt other structures that can provide the required buoyancy.
  • the mooring system of this embodiment can be installed according to the following steps: 1) the anchor point 2 is pre-installed, and the anchor point 2 and a section of mooring rope connected to the anchor point 2 are installed to the designed underwater a anchor point by the construction ship point position, and connect the upper end of the mooring rope with a temporary positioning rope and a buoy for easy identification; The ship is connected and assembled by multi-section mooring ropes, and then the combined structure is put into the water, and the counterweight 3 at one end is connected to the upper end of the mooring rope on the anchor point 2 that has been installed; 3) the other section One end of the mooring rope is connected to the floating structure 5, and then the floating structure 5 is dragged in place, and then the other end of the mooring rope is connected to the counterweight 3 at the other end of the combined structure, thereby forming a The composite mooring rope 1 structure of the combined structure of "counterweight 3-pontoon 4-counterweight 3".
  • the above installation steps can be
  • the floating barge 51 is a barge with a length of 100m, a width of 10m, a dry string of 1m, and a draft of 3m, and is arranged in a water area with a water depth of 10m.
  • the wave perpendicular to the direction of the ship's length is suppressed, and the arrow in Fig. 5 shows the direction of the environmental load. According to the same direction of wind, wave and current, the layout of the whole mooring system is shown in Figure 5.
  • the mooring radius is 30m (the horizontal distance between the mooring rope and the floating barge 51 and the anchor point under the design static balance)
  • the load of the anchor point is also huge, the corresponding design difficulty is also great, and the cost is also extremely high.
  • it is usually adopted to increase the mooring radius to extend the length of the mooring rope, and simply add a weight in the middle of the mooring rope to improve the load of the steel chain.
  • the idea is that when the mooring radius increases, when the floating barge 51 When the wave frequency movement is superimposed at the shifted equilibrium position, the upper end of the corresponding mooring line moves. At this time, the line shape of the mooring line changes with the distance from the anchor point, and the weight may be lifted or lowered. Improves the loading of the mooring lines, but not enough to substantially reduce the dynamic loads. The maximum tension load can still reach the level of five or six hundred tons.
  • each mooring rope is changed to a composite mooring rope 1 structure having a combined structure in the form of "counterweight 3-pontoon 4-counterweight 3" , from the floating barge 51 to the anchor point 2 are configured in sequence: a section of 12m mooring rope, a counterweight 3 with an underwater gravity of 5 tons, a section of 12m mooring rope, a buoy 4 with a maximum buoyancy of 12 tons, and a section of A 12m mooring rope, a counterweight 3 with an underwater gravity of 5 tons and a section of 22m mooring rope, under the same environmental conditions, the maximum load of the mooring system drops to 24 tons.
  • the overall technical level requirement of the mooring rope 1 can be greatly reduced, and the corresponding cost can also be greatly reduced.
  • the load of the anchor point 2 becomes lower, and the load at the joint of the floating barge 51 also becomes lower, the technical difficulty and requirements of all links of the entire mooring system are reduced, and the cost of the mooring system can reach 4%-20% of the original The ratio has significant economic advantages.
  • the floating structure 5 as an example of a semi-submersible floating wind power system with a displacement of 12,000-14,000 tons, in a sea area with a water depth of 40m-60m, the design wind speed is 50m/s, and the surface velocity is 2m/s. The peak period is 14s and the significant wave height is 10m, which is also a typical shallow water mooring system design. If the mooring form of the traditional catenary line with simple weight blocks in the middle is adopted, even if the anchorage load is dispersed in the form of 9-point mooring arrangement, the mooring radius can still reach eight or nine hundred meters. Or the breaking force of the steel wire rope should exceed 2,000 tons, and the corresponding anchor point grade is also extremely high.
  • the material cost of the entire system can reach 70 to 90 million RMB, which is extremely high, and because the system is bulky and complex, it is suitable for offshore installation or construction needs.
  • the construction ship grade requirements are high, and the corresponding offshore construction costs are also high.
  • the mooring system of this embodiment is adopted, the maximum tension in the corresponding mooring system can be controlled to a level of 200 tons, and the mooring radius can be controlled within 5-10 times of the water depth. Therefore, the cost of materials corresponding to the mooring system of this embodiment is far lower than that of the traditional mooring system, and the economic advantages are extremely obvious.
  • the structural design requirements for the connection with the platform are also significantly reduced , which further reduces the cost and engineering design difficulty of the floating platform, and can greatly promote the overall cost reduction of the offshore floating wind power system.

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Abstract

一种系泊系统，包括系泊索（1），系泊索（1）的一端连接水底的锚点，另一端用于连接水面上的漂浮式结构物（5）。系泊索（1）上设有至少一个浮筒（4）和至少两个配重块（3），配重块（3）与浮筒（4）沿系泊索（1）的长度方向间隔布置，每个浮筒（4）的两侧分别有至少一个配重块（3）。在系泊索上设置"配重块（3）—浮筒（4）—配重块（3）"形式的组合结构，使得系泊系统在水平方向上形成约束漂浮式结构物偏移的能力，同时又具有足够的柔性，可将系泊索（1）内波频激励带来的动态张力幅度降低一到两个数量级，从而降低系泊索的使用长度，进而降低成本。

Description

一种系泊系统 技术领域
本发明涉及水上系泊技术领域，尤其涉及一种系泊系统。
背景技术
漂浮式结构物在海上受到外界风、浪、流等外界载荷的作用，需要有相应的系泊系统将其与海底相连接，才能保证其被系留在目标位置附近，不至于被风浪流冲跑或吹跑。常见的系泊系统根据目标水深的不同，系泊系统的形式也不同。根据漂浮式结构物的尺寸与水深的相对比例关系，系泊系统可以分为深水系泊和浅水系泊。记漂浮式结构物水下部分在水平面的投影外轮廓面积为S，定义漂浮式结构物外轮廓特征尺度
Figure PCTCN2022085829-appb-000001
记设计极端环境条件波浪谱峰周期对应的波长为λ，记水深为WD，当满足WD<λ/2或WD<5L时，对应的系泊系统可认为是浅水系泊，其它可认为是中等水深或深水系泊。
对于中等水深或深水系泊系统，通常的系泊系统的线型有悬链线形式、半张紧式、或者张紧式系泊。深水系泊系统设计相对比较容易。而对于浅水系泊系统，尤其是长期或永久系泊，系泊系统需要能够经受较大环境条件时，其设计则有非常大的技术挑战。浅水系泊的设计难度在于，如果系泊索设置为悬链线形式，则为了保证漂浮式结构物在最大偏移的情况下锚点处仍然不被拎起来，系泊索长度要设置的非常长，通常浅水系泊如果采用悬链线形式的系泊，系泊半径会到水深的十几倍，乃至二三十倍。为了改善系泊索的动力响应特性，降低系泊半径，工程上会在系泊索中间增加若干配重，在漂浮式结构物偏移时，锚点处系泊索不至于被拎起来，但即使增加重块，系泊半径通常仍然在水深的十几倍以上。这样就造成浅水系泊系统的系泊索等物料使用量极大，设计指标高，整体的系泊系统成本居高不下，单纯系泊系统的成本接近甚至超过漂浮式结构物本身的结构物料造价。同时，浅水系泊系统很难被做成小系泊半径(如十倍水深以内)的张紧式系泊方案，其原因在于如果浅水张紧式系泊，则系泊索在受到外部载荷后，偏离设计平衡位置，系泊索整体处于绷紧的状态，此状态下，在经受较高环境条件海况时，漂浮式结构物在海洋波浪的载荷的激励下，除了让其偏移的波浪慢漂力和定常力(风、流)外，还受到波浪的波频载荷的激励，通常波浪激励载荷要比慢漂载荷大一个甚至两个数量级，平台在波频激励下的运动，传递到绷紧的系泊索上，此时的系泊索只能靠其自身材料的弹性变形来承担平台传递的载荷，由于系泊索本身材料沿其长度 方向的刚度较大，犹如绷紧的琴弦，在上端被弹拨，这就造成系泊索内部会有极大的动态张力，动态张力的峰值要比承受单纯静态偏移的值大许多倍，两者比值能够达到十几倍乃至几十倍。浅水张紧式系泊这样的动态响应特征就决定了浅水系泊系统在工程上，如果作为长期系泊、要承受较大海况条件的情况下，无法简单采用小半径张紧式系泊系统。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种小系泊半径、低张力的系泊系统，以克服现有技术的上述缺陷。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明采用如下技术方案：一种系泊系统，包括系泊索，系泊索的一端连接水底的锚点，且另一端用于连接水面上的漂浮式结构物，系泊索上设有至少一个浮筒和至少两个配重块，配重块与浮筒沿系泊索的长度方向间隔布置，每个浮筒的两侧分别有至少一个配重块。
优选地，系泊索设有多根，至少一根系泊索上设有配重块和浮筒。
优选地，浮筒的最大浮力大于浮筒两侧的配重块的水下重力之和。
优选地，系泊索采用锚链或钢丝绳或复合材料缆绳。
优选地，锚点提供水平承载力和垂向承载力。
优选地，锚点采用吸力锚或入泥板锚。
优选地，配重块包括钢制外壳，钢制外壳内部填充混凝土或铁矿砂。
优选地，浮筒采用浮球，浮球为钢制中空结构。
优选地，单个浮筒包括若干个分布布置的小浮体。
优选地，单个配重块包括若干个分布布置的小重块。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有显著的进步：
本发明的系泊系统，在系泊索上设置“配重块-浮筒-配重块”形式的组合结构，使得系泊系统整体在水平方向上形成约束漂浮式结构物偏移的能力，同时系泊系统整体又具有足够的柔性，整体刚度较小，漂浮式结构物波频运动带动系泊连接点的运动，无法造成系泊系统整体的动态响应载荷的大幅度增大，犹如给系泊系统中间增加了一个低刚度的防震缓冲，由此可以将系泊索内波频激励带来的动态张力幅度降低一到两个数量级，波频激励带来的动态张力降低到系泊索承受的静态偏移载荷同一个级别。因此，采用本发明的系泊系统可以大幅降低系泊索的使用长度，并且系泊索的拉力等级也可以下降一个数量级，将原本价格高昂的 浅水系泊系统整体成本大幅度降低，具有重要的经济价值。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例的系泊系统第一种实施方式的侧视示意图。
图2是本发明实施例的系泊系统第二种实施方式的侧视示意图。
图3是本发明实施例的系泊系统第二种实施方式的俯视示意图。
图4是本发明实施例的系泊系统第三种实施方式的俯视示意图。
图5是漂浮式驳船受环境载荷的示意图。
其中，附图标记说明如下：
1                系泊索
2                锚点
3                配重块
4                浮筒
5                漂浮式结构物
51               漂浮式驳船
a                水底
b                水面
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细说明。这些实施方式仅用于说明本发明，而并非对本发明的限制。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是 两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
此外，在本发明的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。
如图1至图4所示，本发明的系泊系统的一种实施例。本实施例的系泊系统是根据浅水系泊系统的动力响应特点，提出的一种适用于浅水系泊的小系泊半径、低张力的复合式系泊系统。
参见图1，本实施例的系泊系统包括系泊索1，系泊索1的一端(如下端)连接水底a的锚点2，锚点2锚固于水底a，系泊索1的另一端(如上端)用于连接水面b上的漂浮式结构物5，以将漂浮式结构物5系留在水面b上目标位置区域。系泊索1上设有至少一个浮筒4和至少两个配重块3，配重块3与浮筒4沿系泊索1的长度方向间隔布置，形成多段系泊索依次连接配重块3和浮筒4的复合式结构，每个浮筒4的两侧分别有至少一个配重块3，从而在系泊索1上形成“配重块3-浮筒4-配重块3”形式的组合结构，通过这样的组合结构，依靠浮筒4在水中向上的浮力和配重块3向下的重力，可以在系泊索1中实现一种类似弹簧的柔性载荷缓冲功能。
具体地，由于浮筒4在水中向上的浮力作用，通过浮筒4的最大浮力与配重块3的水下重力的配置，优选为，浮筒4的最大浮力大于浮筒4两侧的配重块3的水下重力之和，可使得“配重块3-浮筒4-配重块3”形式的组合结构在水中呈两侧配重块3被中间的浮筒4吊起的状态，当该组合结构因漂浮式结构物5存在而受到拉力的时候，两侧配重块3之间的距离会被拉开，并且由于浮筒4的存在，两侧配重块3一直会有往中间靠近的趋势，故使得整个系泊系统在锚点2与被系泊的漂浮式结构物5之间形成一种类似弹簧的回复约束机构，具有柔性载荷缓冲功能，能够在水平方向上约束漂浮式结构物5的水面偏移幅度：若漂浮式结构物5偏移，系泊索1上端和漂浮式结构物5相连，也会跟随移动，当漂浮式结构物5远离锚点2时，系泊索1上“配重块3-浮筒4-配重块3”形式的组合结构也会被拉伸，对漂浮式结构物5的约束载荷变大；而当漂浮式结构物5靠近锚点2时，系泊索1上“配重块3-浮筒4-配重块3”形式的组合结构中的拉力变小。即无论漂浮式结构物5如何运动，“配重块3-浮筒4-配重块3”形式的组合结构中两侧配重块3与中间浮筒4三者之间的空间位置都会跟随调整，并且，由于配重块3的水下重力和浮筒4的浮力作用，使得整个组合结构中一直有张力，因此该组合结构在水平方向上一方面能够对漂浮式结构物5形成一个往锚点2方向的恢复力，另一方面，当漂浮式结构物5运动后，该组合结构自动调整自身的空间结构位置，一直会相 应的提供恢复力。
不同于传统的系泊索单纯加配重块来改善系泊索的恢复力曲线，或者配重块-单边浮筒形式，本实施例的系泊系统，通过在浮筒4两侧设置配重块3的“配重块3-浮筒4-配重块3”形式的组合结构，使得系泊系统的柔性更强，并且预张力可控，这样整个系泊系统可以对漂浮式结构物5有更好的水平方向约束能力。此外，本实施例的系泊系统的整体刚度相较不设置“配重块3-浮筒4-配重块3”形式的组合结构的绷紧系泊索的刚度要小得多，亦即本实施例的系泊系统具有很大的柔性。当受到环境载荷后，漂浮式结构物5会在定常力或缓变力(流力、风力、波浪慢漂力)作用下偏移至新的平衡位置，同时在新的平衡位置上，由于波浪波频作用力的激励而运动，由于本实施例的系泊系统的柔性较大，波频激励会被系泊系统的柔性约束给缓冲掉，因此漂浮式结构物5的波频运动不会在系泊索1中造成几十倍于系泊索1静平衡张力的动态张力，而是形成一个和系泊索1静平衡张力同等量级的动态张力。由此，整个系泊系统内系泊索1的整体张力也就限制到了一个较低的水平，从而降低了系泊系统中各部件的技术等级和要求，可以大幅降低系泊索1的使用长度，并且系泊索1的拉力等级也可以下降一个数量级，将原本价格高昂的浅水系泊系统整体成本大幅度降低。
本实施例中，优选地，单个浮筒4可以包括若干个分布布置的小浮体，由若干个小浮体分布布置，整体上形成等效于一个浮筒4的功能。优选地，单个配重块3可以包括若干个分布布置的小重块，由若干个小重块分布布置，整体上形成等效于一个配重块3的功能。
本实施例中，图1显示为系泊系统采用单根系泊索1，该单根系泊索1上设有“配重块3-浮筒4-配重块3”形式的组合结构。对于设有“配重块3-浮筒4-配重块3”形式的组合结构的单根系泊索1，其上设有的组合结构的数量并不局限，可以根据实际工程需要在单根系泊索1上设置一组或多组“配重块3-浮筒4-配重块3”形式的组合结构，多组“配重块3-浮筒4-配重块3”形式的组合结构之间可以相互镶套，也可以与其它形式的系泊索结构形式组合应用；组合结构中浮筒4和配重块3的数量也不局限，可以是图1中所示一个浮筒4和两个配重块3，也可以根据实际工程需要增加配重块3和浮筒4的数量。
由于水上环境条件的载荷方向实际上不是恒定不变的，为确保对漂浮式结构物5的定位效果，优选地，本实施例的系泊系统中，系泊索1可以设有多根，其中至少一根系泊索1上设有配重块3和浮筒4，即至少一根系泊索1上设有“配重块3-浮筒4-配重块3”形式的组合结构，当然，最佳地，是所有的系泊索1上均设有“配重块3-浮筒4-配重块3”形式的组合结构，以使系泊系统整体效果最佳。例如，图2和图3显示为系泊系统设有四根系泊索1， 图4显示为系泊系统设有八根系泊索1，当然系泊索1的数量和空间布置形式并不局限于图2-图4所示的方式，可以根据实际工程需要，视水况条件、周边是设施、可用水域面积等诸多因素而定，同一漂浮式结构的系泊系统即使都采用本实施例的系泊索形式，每根系泊索的具体技术参数也不必和其它系泊索完全一致。单根系泊索1上配重块3和浮筒4的配置如上所述，可以在保证形成至少一组“配重块3-浮筒4-配重块3”形式的组合结构的前提下，根据实际工程需要选择配重块3和浮筒4的数量及布置形成。
本实例中，系泊索1起承担张力的作用，优选地，系泊索1可以采用锚链或钢丝绳或复合材料缆绳，锚链可以是钢制无档锚链。当然，系泊索1也可以采用其它能够实现同等力学功能的材质。多段系泊索1之间的连接可以采用钢制卸扣或其它等效功能的构件完成。
本实例中，锚点2实现系泊索1下端在水底a的锚固，优选地，锚点2提供水平承载力和垂向承载力。较佳地，锚点2可以采用吸力锚或深入泥板锚。当然，锚点2也可以采用其它能够实现水底锚固承载功能的结构。
本实例中，配重块3提供水中向下的重力，优选地，配重块3可以包括钢制外壳，钢制外壳内部填充混凝土或铁矿砂。当然，配重块3也可以采用其它能够提供需要的水下重力的结构。
本实例中，浮筒4提供水中向上的浮力，优选地，浮筒4可以采用浮球，浮球为钢制中空结构。当然，浮筒4也可以采用其它能够提供需要的浮力的结构。
实施时，本实施例的系泊系统可以按以下步骤进行安装：1)锚点2预安装，将锚点2和与锚点2相连的一段系泊索通过施工船安装到设计的水底a锚点位置，并将该段系泊索的上端连上临时的定位绳索和浮球，便于识别；2)将“配重块3-浮筒4-配重块3”形式的组合结构在岸上或辅助船舶上由多段系泊索连接装配好，然后将该组合结构放入水中，将其一端的配重块3与已经安装好的锚点2上的系泊索的上端连接；3)将另一段系泊索的一端与漂浮式结构物5连接，然后将漂浮式结构物5拖运到位，再将该段系泊索的另一端与组合结构另一端的配重块3连接，由此形成具有“配重块3-浮筒4-配重块3”形式的组合结构的复合式系泊索1结构。在实际施工时，上述安装步骤可以根据实际施工资源与工具灵活调整。
参见图5，以漂浮式结构物5为漂浮式驳船51为例，漂浮式驳船51为一个船长度100m、船宽10m、干弦1m、吃水3m的驳船，布置在水深为10m的水域中，对垂直于船长方向的波浪进行消波，图5中箭头所示为环境载荷方向。按照风浪流同向，整个系泊系统布置如图5所示，当系泊半径为30m(设计静平衡情况下，系泊索与漂浮式驳船51连接处距锚点处水平距 离)，对应的设计环境条件为有义波高Hs＝1.0m、谱峰周期6.1s、表面流速2m/s、风速50m/s。
如果直接采用40m长(4倍水深)的钢链作为锚固系统，则钢链迎风侧的钢链动态载荷可达到八九百吨，主要原因是由于水深太浅，漂浮式驳船51偏移到新的平衡位置后，钢链被紧绷，还有波频运动导致钢链上端部随着漂浮式驳船51运动，在此状态下，钢链只能通过自身的材料弹性变形来抵抗漂浮式驳船51运动带来的顶端位移，故钢链的动态载荷极大，如果按照最大载荷选取带有相应安全系数的钢链，不仅钢链本身成本高昂，而且对漂浮式驳船51上的连接结构、水底的锚点载荷也极大，对应的设计难度也大，成本也极高。工程上通常采用加大系泊半径延长系泊索长度，并在系泊索中间单纯增加重块的方式改善钢链的载荷，其思路是当系泊半径增加后，当漂浮式驳船51在偏移后的平衡位置处叠加波频运动时，对应系泊索的上端随着运动，此时系泊索的线型随着与锚点距离远近变化，可能会把重块拎起或下放，能够改善系泊索的载荷，但是不足以根本性降低动态载荷。最大的张力载荷仍能够达到五六百吨的级别。
而采用本实施例的系泊系统，系泊半径不变，将每根系泊索改为具有“配重块3-浮筒4-配重块3”形式的组合结构的复合式系泊索1结构，从漂浮式驳船51到锚点2依次配置为：一段12m的系泊索、一个水下重力5吨的配重块3、一段12m的系泊索、一个最大浮力12吨的浮筒4、一段12m的系泊索、一个水下重力5吨的配重块3以及一段22m的系泊索，则在同样的环境条件下，系泊系统的最大载荷下降至24吨。故采用本实施例的系泊系统，系泊索1的整体的技术等级要求可以大幅度下降，相应的成本也可以大幅度下降。相应的锚点2载荷也变低，漂浮式驳船51连接处的载荷也变低，整个系泊系统所有环节的技术难度和要求均下降，系泊系统的成本可以达到原先的4％-20％的比例，有显著的经济优势。
再以漂浮式结构物5为排水量12000吨-14000吨的半潜式漂浮式风电系统为例，在水深40m-60m的海域，设计风速50m/s，表面流速2m/s，如果设计波谱的谱峰周期为14s，有义波高10m，则这也是典型的浅水系泊系统设计。如果采用传统的悬链线线型中间单纯加重块的系泊形式，即便采用9点系泊布置的形式来分散锚固载荷，则系泊半径仍可达八九百米，采用的无档锚链或钢丝绳的破断力要超过2000吨，对应的锚点等级也极高，整个系统的仅物料成本可达七至九千万人民币，成本极高，并且由于系统笨重复杂，对应海上安装还是施工需要的施工船舶等级要求高，对应海上施工成本也高。而采用本实施例的系泊系统，则对应的系泊系统内张力最大值可以控制到200吨的级别，系泊半径可以控制在水深的5-10倍之内。故采用本实施例的系泊系统对应的物料成本远远低于传统的系泊系统，经济优势极其明显， 同时，由于系泊系统上整体载荷下降，和平台连接处的结构设计要求也明显降低，进一步降低了漂浮式平台的成本和工程设计难度，能够对海上漂浮式风电系统的整体降本起到极大的推动作用。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和替换，这些改进和替换也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种系泊系统，其特征在于，包括系泊索，所述系泊索的一端连接水底的锚点，且另一端用于连接水面上的漂浮式结构物，所述系泊索上设有至少一个浮筒和至少两个配重块，所述配重块与所述浮筒沿所述系泊索的长度方向间隔布置，每个所述浮筒的两侧分别有至少一个所述配重块。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的系泊系统，其特征在于，所述系泊索设有多根，至少一根所述系泊索上设有所述配重块和所述浮筒。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的系泊系统，其特征在于，所述浮筒的最大浮力大于所述浮筒两侧的所述配重块的水下重力之和。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的系泊系统，其特征在于，所述系泊索采用锚链或钢丝绳或复合材料缆绳。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的系泊系统，其特征在于，所述锚点提供水平承载力和垂向承载力。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的系泊系统，其特征在于，所述锚点采用吸力锚或入泥板锚。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的系泊系统，其特征在于，所述配重块包括钢制外壳，所述钢制外壳内部填充混凝土或铁矿砂。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的系泊系统，其特征在于，所述浮筒采用浮球，所述浮球为钢制中空结构。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的系泊系统，其特征在于，单个所述浮筒包括若干个分布布置的小浮体。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的系泊系统，其特征在于，单个所述配重块包括若干个分布布置的小重块。
PCT/CN2022/085829 2021-09-18 2022-04-08 一种系泊系统 WO2023040245A1 (zh)

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EP0950812A2 (en) * 1998-04-10 1999-10-20 Yoshio Masuda Wave energy absorber of the oscillating water column type
CN2492460Y (zh) * 2001-06-21 2002-05-22 陈杰诚 极浅水系泊装置
JP2004176626A (ja) * 2002-11-27 2004-06-24 Hitachi Zosen Corp 洋上風力発電設備
CN1810574A (zh) * 2006-02-27 2006-08-02 天津大学 集浮体与重力块结合式深水系泊系统
CN201056287Y (zh) * 2007-05-30 2008-05-07 陈杰诚 自调节弹性浮筒系泊装置
CN102815373A (zh) * 2012-08-01 2012-12-12 江苏科技大学 一种混合式深水系泊系统
CN104604768A (zh) * 2015-01-14 2015-05-13 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 具有动力缓冲功能的网箱系泊锚腿
KR102296855B1 (ko) * 2020-03-26 2021-09-01 고등기술연구원연구조합 부유식 해상구조물
CN113636019A (zh) * 2021-09-18 2021-11-12 夏尔特拉(上海)新能源科技有限公司 一种系泊系统
CN215971973U (zh) * 2021-09-18 2022-03-08 夏尔特拉(上海)新能源科技有限公司 一种系泊系统

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0950812A2 (en) * 1998-04-10 1999-10-20 Yoshio Masuda Wave energy absorber of the oscillating water column type
CN2492460Y (zh) * 2001-06-21 2002-05-22 陈杰诚 极浅水系泊装置
JP2004176626A (ja) * 2002-11-27 2004-06-24 Hitachi Zosen Corp 洋上風力発電設備
CN1810574A (zh) * 2006-02-27 2006-08-02 天津大学 集浮体与重力块结合式深水系泊系统
CN201056287Y (zh) * 2007-05-30 2008-05-07 陈杰诚 自调节弹性浮筒系泊装置
CN102815373A (zh) * 2012-08-01 2012-12-12 江苏科技大学 一种混合式深水系泊系统
CN104604768A (zh) * 2015-01-14 2015-05-13 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 具有动力缓冲功能的网箱系泊锚腿
KR102296855B1 (ko) * 2020-03-26 2021-09-01 고등기술연구원연구조합 부유식 해상구조물
CN113636019A (zh) * 2021-09-18 2021-11-12 夏尔特拉(上海)新能源科技有限公司 一种系泊系统
CN215971973U (zh) * 2021-09-18 2022-03-08 夏尔特拉(上海)新能源科技有限公司 一种系泊系统

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