Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/32—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
  • E04B2/88—Curtain walls
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
  • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
  • F24S20/60—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings
  • F24S20/61—Passive solar heat collectors, e.g. operated without external energy source

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the field of the design and construction of buildings and buildings, in particular for residential purposes or receiving the public, whose architecture is optimized with respect to solar radiation, this throughout of the year.
• the subject of the invention is more particularly a building comprising at least a portion or part of a facade, advantageously substantially a determined entire facade, transparent to the rays of the sun, more particularly a building of which at least one facade has a heliodynamic architecture.
• This construction allows maximum consideration of solar radiation, but has a very typical external shape (trunk of a cone with a wide angle at the top), a complex architecture and a relatively small interior space compared to the spatial size of construction and whose habitability is not optimal, due to volumes whose exploitation is delicate.
• the present invention aims to provide a solution to meet the above request and to overcome the limitations of the aforementioned known solutions.
• the invention proposes a building, in particular a residential building or building open to the public, the envelope of which comprises at least a portion of the facade, preferably an entire facade, which delimits an exterior and an interior, which is transparent to solar radiation, substantially over its entire surface, and which is located on a face of said building oriented on the south side when said building is located in the northern hemisphere and inversely oriented on the north side of said building when the latter is located in the southern hemisphere, the shape of at least a part of the said at least one portion of the facade falling substantially within the conical surface generated by an imaginary segment extending between the Sun and a corresponding point which is fixed with respect to the Earth, during a complete revolution of the Earth on itself, said or each facade portion extending between a base line and a top line or edge which delimits it with respect to the remaining part of the envelope of the building, this remaining part being mostly or totally opaque, building characterized in that the outer face of said or each aforementioned part of facade portion or facade
• the invention is based on the unexpected and surprising discovery made by the inventor that it is also possible to exploit, for a given fixed point, also the cone or part of the cone (trunk of a cone) opposite or negative (in practice generally an angularly limited part of this concave truncated cone), located under the horizontal plane containing said fixed point, this in an equivalent way to the positive or curved truncated cone, which is located above said horizontal plane, comes from the same fixed point and is used in the aforementioned documents of the state of the art.
• the virtual fixed point In the first case (trunk of a concave or re-entrant cone), the virtual fixed point will be located above the top edge of the facade portion concerned and in the second case (trunk of a convex or curved cone) said virtual fixed point is located below the baseline of the facade concerned.
• FIG. 1 C and [0015] are schematic views, respectively in perspective (1A - non-distorting perspective), from above (1 B), in side elevation (and in section along a vertical plane containing the fixed point and perpendicular to the facade - 1 C) and in front elevation (1 D), of a facade portion of a building according to one embodiment of the invention, comprising a hollow facade portion (bottom) and a curved facade portion (top) , which are mutually superimposed and partially marry surfaces of cones which have the same fixed point (located in the horizontal plane delimiting the two portions of facades) and are symmetrical with respect to the latter (in FIG. 1 D the portion of facade rests on the ground) ;
• FIG. 2B are partial schematic sectional views of two variant embodiments of a building in accordance with the invention, respectively with three and four levels or floors;
• FIG. 3D are schematic representations, in plan view, of different shapes of summit edges corresponding to different constructive configurations of buildings and facades transparent to solar radiation in accordance with the invention
• FIG. 4D are perspective views according to different directions of a two-storey building in accordance with the invention and having summit edges similar to those of FIG. 3B (if necessary only the part of the building corresponding to the central part of the transparent front being shown);
• FIG. 5D are perspective views according to different directions of a two-storey building in accordance with the invention and having other forms of mutually dissimilar top edges (if necessary only the part of the building corresponding to the central part of the transparent front being shown);
• FIG. 6B are partial perspective views of a four-storey building in accordance with the invention, having a summit ridge similar to that of FIG. 3C and a structure similar to that of FIG. 2B, only the part of the building corresponding to the central part of the transparent facade being represented, and,
• FIG. 7 illustrates in the form of thumbnails the penetration of the sun into a building such as represented in FIGS. 6A and 6B, during certain particular days of the year and at certain times (installation in the northern hemisphere - the lit facade parts are colored white or clear and the parts of the facade in the shade are greyed out).
• the invention relates to a building (1), in particular a residential building or building open to the public, the envelope (T) of which comprises at least a portion of the facade (2), preferably an entire facade, which delimits an exterior (E) and an interior (I), which is transparent to solar radiation, substantially over its entire surface, and which is located on a face (2') of said building (1) oriented on the south side when said building is located in the northern hemisphere and inversely oriented on the north side of said building (1) when the latter is located in the southern hemisphere.
• the shape of at least one part (3, 3') of said at least one facade portion (2) is substantially inscribed in the conical surface generated by an imaginary segment extending between the Sun and a point (PF) corresponding which is fixed with respect to the Earth, during a complete revolution of the Earth on itself.
• Said or each facade portion (2) extends between a base line (6) and a top line or edge (7) which together delimit it with respect to the part remaining part (1”) of the envelope (T) of the building (1), this remaining part (1”) being mainly or totally opaque.
• This remaining part (1”) can be formed by a roof which extends to the ground (S), by a roof associated with load-bearing external walls, or by a roof or an upper slab (9) and walls side walls in the case of multi-storey buildings.
• said building (1) is characterized in that the outer face of said or each part (3, 3 ') above facade portion or facade (2) fits approximately in the surface of part of a truncated cone, forming part of the conical surface generated by the aforementioned imaginary segment and whose imaginary vertex is the associated fixed point (PF), in that the outer face of each part (3, 3 ') above of the facade portion (2) is, at each point of the summit edge (7), set back and inclined inwards (I) with respect to a straight line perpendicular to the horizontal plane (PH) local, that is to say a straight line normally perpendicular to the plane of the ground (4), and passing through this point of the summit ridge (7), and in that at least one (3) of the parts of aforementioned facade (3, 3') is inscribed in the surface of a portion of the aforementioned truncated cone which is hollow or concave with respect to the face in question (2') seen from the e exterior (E).
• part of a truncated cone forming part
• the front portion (2) may optionally, according to a first embodiment, be composed only of recessed front parts (3), as shown in Figures 2, 6 and 7.
• the fixed point of each portion of facade is located in height (virtual point) and the hollow frustoconical surface band exploited can be beneficially exploited for a construction in superimposed floors.
• one or more partial zone(s) only of this facade portion or entire facade is (are) constituted by one or such hollow facade part(s) (3) re-entrant frustoconical shape (from the outside to the inside).
• the virtual fixed point (PF) of the or each part of the recessed facade is located above the top edge (7) of the portion of facade concerned (see figs 2A, 2B, 4A, 4C and 6A on which said virtual fixed point (PF) associated with the facade portion concerned is visible, as well as partially the cone, a band-shaped part of which constitutes the truncated cone in which the corresponding part of the facade is inscribed).
• the glazed facade (2) inclined outwards from bottom to top reflects the ground and not the sky or the horizon and therefore renders an image which visually corresponds to a material obstacle.
• This interesting accessory property makes it possible to prevent birds from colliding with said glass facade.
• At least one other (3 ') of the aforementioned facade parts (3, 3') is part of the surface of a part of truncated cone that is domed or convex with respect to the face in question (2').
• said virtual fixed point of the or each part of the facade (3') is located below the baseline (6) of the facade concerned.
• the facades or portions of facades targeted by the invention correspond to surface three-dimensional expressions of the tangents of the trajectories of the sun. These geometric expressions can be expressed positively (space, curved shape) or negatively (counter-space, hollow shape) in relation to a vertical facade plane.
• the invention provides, by combining the two approaches, facades sculpted by the sun, in accordance with its respectively summer and winter trajectories.
• the recessed frustoconical facade portions specifically proposed by the invention allow, like the protruding (curved) frustoconical portions, both high brightness combined with non-direct sunlight. total in summer and maximum sunshine in winter. This results in a cool and bright interior (I) (glass surface) in summer, because the glass facade is protected from direct exposure to the sun (in the shade), and exposed from the first to the last ray of sunlight in winter (optimal reception of winter sunshine).
• I interior
• At least one curved front part (3 ' ) and at least one recessed facade part (3) are arranged superimposed, being separated by a horizontal plane (PH), this plane containing the base line (6) of the upper facade part (3, 3 ') and the top line (7) of the lower facade part (3, 3').
• PH horizontal plane
• the two front parts (3 and 3 ') extend to the tops of their trunks of respective cones, these vertices being coincident and corresponding to a common fixed point.
• this superposition makes it possible to define two triangular surfaces (4') in the horizontal plane (PH), said triangles being of isosceles shape, symmetrical with respect to the fixed point (PF) and connected by their spikes at said point.
• These two triangular surfaces the edges of which define a cross of Saint Andrew, separate the two facade parts (3 and 3') and can for example correspond to areas of a slab (9) separating two floors and physically materializing said plane in a building with two floors and two corresponding glazed facade portions (2).
• the aligned isosceles sides of the two triangles define two straight lines in a cross and correspond respectively to the lines of the rising sun in summer and of the setting sun in winter.
• the fixed point is also located in height (not on the ground) and both the volumes of the space (curved shape) and of the counter-space (shape hollow) are exploited.
• the facade of the face (2 ') considered said building (1) is subdivided into at least two facade portions (2) in the form of superimposed strips which are, on the one hand, each formed by a succession of at least two front parts (3, 3') comprising at least two recessed front parts (3) and/or at least two curved front parts ( 3'), mutually contiguous horizontally, and, on the other hand, separated from each other vertically by a horizontal plane (PH), this plane containing the base line (6) of the upper facade part (3, 3') and the top line (7) of the lower facade part (3, 3').
• PH horizontal plane
• each facade portion (2) is formed of a succession of contiguous recessed facade parts (3), where appropriate ending at its two opposite ends with curved facade parts ( 3'), and each facade portion (2) corresponds to or is associated with a floor of the multi-storey building (1), the facade portions (2) of the upper floors being recessed with respect to the facade portions (2) respective lower floors.
• each front portion (2) in the form of a strip and which preferably extends in one piece over the entire width of the considered face (2') of the building (1), or formed of three contiguous and adjoining constituent parts in a direction substantially parallel to the relevant side of the building (1), namely, a central part (5) and two end parts opposite, in that at least one, preferably each, of the two end parts corresponds to a curved front part (3') and in that the central part (5) of the said front part (2) consists of several recessed facade parts (3) which are connected continuously to each other and, where applicable, to the or each of the two end facade parts (3'), at the level of the top edge (7), from the base line (6) and at their respective outer surfaces.
• the portion (7') of the top line (7) associated with the central facade part (5) can present, seen from above or in projection on the horizontal plane or plane of the ground (4), a substantially rectilinear, concave curved or convex curved extension between the upper ends of the portions (7′′) of the top line (7) associated with the two curved end facade parts (3′), ends which it connects together (figures 3A at 3C).
• the portion (7 ') of the top line (7) associated with the central facade part (5) present, seen from above or in projection on the ground (4), an undulating shape with at least one concave segment (10) and at least one convex segment (10'), and connects the upper ends of the portions (7") of the summit line (7) associated with each other to the two extremal facade parts (3').
• the upper ends of the portions (7 ") of the top line (7) associated with the two extremal facade parts (3 ') each correspond to the point culminating point of the respective truncated cone part with respect to the ground (4) - land or slab forming the ground, the truncated cone parts corresponding respectively to the two curved extremal facade parts (3') optionally having a similar and complementary angular amplitude .
• the building (1) comprises at least two storeys or superimposed levels (8, 8', 8”, 8'”) each of which comprises at least a portion of facade (2) and which are separated from each other by a respective slab (9), the or each slab (9) separating two storeys or superimposed levels corresponding to the ground for the storey or the level located immediately above and to a part of the rest of the envelope (1') for the level or floor located immediately below.
• top lines (7) of all the superimposed levels or stages (8, 8', 8”, 8'”) are of identical shapes, said top edges (7) being either all superimposed in a coincident vertical manner, or each time shifted backwards or set back with respect to the summit line (7) immediately below.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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• Civil Engineering (AREA)
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• 2021
  • 2021-09-09 FR FR2109431A patent/FR3126720B1/fr active Active
• 2022
  • 2022-09-08 JP JP2024515548A patent/JP2024530826A/ja active Pending
  • 2022-09-08 CA CA3229189A patent/CA3229189A1/fr active Pending
  • 2022-09-08 EP EP22773710.3A patent/EP4399373B1/fr active Active
  • 2022-09-08 US US18/689,710 patent/US12612777B2/en active Active
  • 2022-09-08 WO PCT/EP2022/074970 patent/WO2023036866A1/fr not_active Ceased

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