WO2023036372A1

WO2023036372A1 - Hydroelectric power facility and pumped-storage power plant having at least one such facility

Info

Publication number: WO2023036372A1
Application number: PCT/DE2022/100656
Authority: WO
Inventors: Wolfram Güntzel
Original assignee: Guentzel Wolfram
Priority date: 2021-09-07
Filing date: 2022-09-06
Publication date: 2023-03-16
Also published as: DE102021123146A1; WO2023036372A4

Abstract

Conventional off-shore wind turbines cannot provide energy when there is a storm or when there is no wind, since they have to be shut down when there is a storm, and no energy can be converted when there is too little wind. Furthermore, on the coast and in inland waters there are many unused potential sources of energy in the form of water movements which hitherto have not been utilised. According to the present invention, a floating body is provided with a drive gear and is moved upwards along a rack rail due to the level changes within the water. The kinetic energy of the upward movement is converted to electrical energy. The invention can be implemented at different locations where such level changes occur and there is sufficient installation space for a floating body according to the invention.

Description

HYDRO PLANT AND

PUMPED STORAGE POWER PLANT

WITH AT LEAST ONE

The present invention relates to a hydroelectric power plant for converting potential energy into electrical energy, and a pumped storage power plant with at least one hydroelectric power plant of this type.

The European Union has committed to becoming climate neutral by 2050 in the fight against global warming and climate change through CO2 emissions. Germany has committed to reducing greenhouse gases by 55% by 2030.

Global climate change, the reduction in the use of fossil and finite energy sources and the resulting increase in alternative energy requirements require the use of all available, potentially existing and idle energy resources. Due to the urgency of the energy transition, costs should be of secondary importance, because delaying it only increases the costs and follow-up costs, as well as the already existing global economic damage. If you do nothing, the follow-up costs are unaffordable.

The basic idea of this project is to use water-level power plants and the use of any form of existing and idle potential hydropower, depending on the application, in addition to wind or water flow power in hybrid version, environmentally friendly, sustainable and efficient to generate electrical energy. With this technology, renewable electrical energy is to be generated centrally and decentrally globally in onshore and offshore areas in temperate, subtropical and tropical climate zones.

In addition to conventional use for generating electrical energy, drinking water can be obtained through seawater desalination and hydrogen can be produced sustainably as an energy store or environmentally friendly energy source.

New sales markets and jobs can be created with this type of power plant in the short and long term.

This object is achieved by a hydroelectric power plant according to the features of claim 1 and by a pumped storage power plant according to the features of independent claim 11 . Useful configurations of such a hydroelectric power station and such a pumped storage power station can be found in the subsequent dependent claims.

According to the invention, the water level power plant (WPK) is based on the use of the potential water energy present in a body of water, which transfers energy to a buoyancy body with the help of the buoyancy of the water when the water level changes. The WPK always consists of two buoyancy bodies that are connected via a common drive axle. Depending on the area of application, the buoyancy bodies are designed as cubic segments or as segments of a circle.

Each buoyancy body is equipped with a generator, a main gear, a switching and control cabinet with a transmission unit for electrical energy to a central power plant. A common drive axle for both The buoyant body drives the generator via separating clutches and the main gear. The separating clutches between the drive axle, main gearbox and generator are intended for troubleshooting, maintenance and assembly. When the water level changes, the rotational force is transmitted to the common main drive axle by means of buoyancy or gravity by rolling a common drive gear wheel with an integral gear on a gear rail. This is connected to a level track bed via a toothed rail sleeper. An integral gear in the drive gear should enable a higher initial speed of the drive axle even with small and slow changes in the water level.

If the water level rises, the buoyancy force of the water lifts the common buoyancy bodies and causes the gear wheel to rotate. If the water level drops, gravity pulls the common buoyancy bodies down and sets the gearwheel in the opposite rotary motion. As a result, the kinetic energy is converted into electrical energy via the gears in the generator.

The two-sided guidance is provided by common parallel and orthogonal roller components with integrated torsion compensators, which are positioned to the side of the WPK and roll in profile rails attached parallel to the toothed rail. In order to prevent the bodies from getting caught in the track system, torque compensators with toothed rails with a guide function are installed above and below the WPK on the track side. The torque and torsion compensation should guarantee trouble-free and smooth operation of the WPK.

Air compressors in the buoyancy bodies are intended to generate high air pressure in the integral gear of the drive gear wheel in order to prevent or minimize the ingress of water and to prevent moisture ingress in the switching and control unit. In addition to the trim and balance function, a bilge pump also has the task of disposing of bilge water. The double bottom of the buoyancy bodies is provided with trim and ballast tanks. All buoyancy body covers must be double-walled to protect against collision and ice drift. The waterline should be below the integral gear located in the drive gear. The optimal design of the buoyancy envelope must be adapted to the climatic and physical offshore conditions.

The electrical energy is transmitted to the consumer via a submarine cable and/or via induction loops.

Such a hydroelectric power plant is used to convert potential energy into electrical energy, comprising a buoyant body that is guided on a support element so that it cannot be lost and is height-adjustable Generator is assigned, which generates an electrical voltage due to a rotation of the gear, which is present via an electrical discharge on the support element to an electrical consumer.

In a preferred embodiment, the voltage can be transmitted between the generator and the electrical consumer via a sea cable or via an inductive transmitter, which interacts with an induction loop running parallel to the toothed rail in the support element.

In addition, the hydropower plant can be designed in such a way that the buoyant body has a bilge pump and is surrounded by an outer shell made of liquid-tight individual elements, with water preferably being pumped out of the interior of the buoyant body and/or into at least some of the individual elements with the aid of the bilge pump Position trim can be pumped in and out of them, using the buoyancy body preferably at least one air compressor is assigned, which generates an overpressure in the buoyancy body, in particular in the transmission.

Furthermore, the gear can be an integral and/or planetary gear.

Advantageously, the water power plant can be designed in such a way that support elements with toothed rollers are provided above and/or below a contact point of the gear wheel with the toothed rail, which mesh with roller rails running parallel to the toothed rail on both sides and are each supported against the buoyant body via a spring strut.

A further helpful configuration can be implemented in such a way that the toothed wheel and/or the at least one toothed roller has a lateral guide on both sides, preferably tapered, which encloses the teeth of the toothed rail between them.

Furthermore, the support element can be a vertical or sloping wall, in particular a dam wall. In addition, the supporting element can be a tower or a round or polygonal column.

A further advantageous modification can provide that several buoyant bodies are distributed at least in sections around the tower or the column, preferably divided into hollow cylinder segments which together completely surround the tower or the column.

In addition, the water power plant can be designed in such a way that the buoyancy body is assigned a generator turbine, which is operatively connected to the electrical consumer.

With at least two such hydroelectric power plants, a pumped storage power plant can be used, in which the hydroelectric power plants are geodetic in two height-staggered reservoirs are arranged, which are connected via at least one connecting line via a pump.

The pumped storage power plant can be provided with particular advantage with at least two hydroelectric power plants that can be operated alternately per storage basin.

The invention described above is explained in more detail below using an exemplary embodiment.

Show it

Figure 1 Basic structure of the WPK with induction loop

Figure 2 drive gear with integral gear

Figure 3 planetary integral gear

Figure 4 Gear Rail Guidance and Torsion & Torque Compensation

Figure 5 Island power plant on bored piles

Figure 6 floors gear rail column

Figure 7 WPK isolated operation

Figure 8 Exchange chambers with wind hybrid PWKW

Figure 9 WPK and wind, island version

Figure 10 Island operation HPK with pump Figure 11 several changing chambers

Figure 12 Wind turbine on WPK and generator turbine

Figure 13 WPK island with storage room

Figure 14 WPK on rock face with surf

Figure 15 rock face FPC in the face with surf

In the schematic representation of FIG. 1 of a WPK, the electrical energy obtained is transmitted to the consumer by means of induction. However, this can also be done, in contrast to what is shown, by a submarine cable, which is led out to the outside of the WPK on the sea side and laid as a loop under the buoyancy body 2 for transfer to a transmitter station on the toothed rail side. The submarine cable is guided by tapered rollers surrounding the cable, which are intended to ensure trouble-free winding and unwinding, so that the cable loop around the buoyancy body 2 is adapted to the changes in the water level. The disadvantage of this type of transmission is the sagging cable loop, since large foreign objects, ice drift and water currents can lead to entanglement and the submarine cable can be damaged. Therefore, the solution is wireless inductive energy transmission, which enables the universal use of WPK in onshore and offshore applications. The electrical energy generated in the respective WPK sections is transmitted by means of a transmitter 7 to an induction loop 8, which is integrated parallel to the up and down movement in the gear rail underground in the form of the support element 1 and which forwards it to a transformer station. The electrical energy is transmitted from the transformers to the energy companies via overhead or underground lines or a submarine cable. In Figure 2, the drive gear 4 is shown with integral gear 13 and in Figure 3 an integral planetary gear 13 of the WPK with drive gear 4 is shown. The large torque of the drive gear wheel 4 is intended to produce a higher speed of the common main drive axle between the WPK sections with the integral planetary gear 13 even with small changes in the water level. As a result, the internal planetary gears 13 of the two WPK sections can generate a higher speed of the generator drive axle 29 . The transmission consists of the inner gear rim 27 with the lateral guide profile of the WPK drive gear 4, the left and right-hand gear troughs 28 with the drive gear guide profile, and the two left and right crossed gear hollow axles 29 with the gear gears 30, the common main gear drive axle 26, the left and right-hand WPK section with gear abutment 31 and the four fastening and spacer axles integrated in the gear trough 28, as well as the compressed air connections 32 and the left and right gear hollow axles 29. The compressed air from the air compressors 12 of the two WPK segments 25 is intended to ensure that moisture is introduced into the integral gear 13 can be prevented or minimized.

In order to ensure that the drive gear 4 rolls true to the track on the toothed rail 3, the outer toothed rim is flanged on both sides as a lateral guide 17--as can be seen in FIG. Both side guides 17 are slightly tapered and stay on track even with torsional movement, comparable to railway wheels on rails. Each time the water level changes, a large torque is generated on the FPC segments 25. In order to cushion this, torque compensators 33 are arranged on the lower and upper toothed rail-side FPC segment connections. In addition, they are designed with a dental splint function. The WPK torque compensation element 33 consists of a swing arm mounting plate 34, a support element 14 with a guide gear wheel 35 and torque compensators 33 with a forced stopper or alternatively a leaf spring. The forced stopper or the leaf spring ensure the minimum distance between the WPK Buoyancy segment 25 and the gear rail 3. A snagging caused by the pitching movement triggered by the torque is hereby prevented. The gear pinion with flanges on both sides should also ensure a stable vertical upward and downward movement of the WPK buoyancy segments 2.

Instead of the cubic arrangement of two WPK segments 25, an island version of the WPK with WPK circular segments 20 can also be offered. In this case, four WPK circular segments 20 are arranged around a round toothed rail column 3 and 19 .

Figures 5 and 6 show possible trays for such a water level island power plant. The WPK in the island or the round tower version requires a round column 19 as the central core to accommodate the gear and guide rails 3 and the WPK circular segments 20. The design depends on the application in the onshore and offshore areas. Three round column types 19 are available for this. Onshore a gear rail column 19, consisting of a steel tube bundle 36, which is suitable for the use of WPK in pumped storage power plants on its own or in the round tower 19. A cogwheel rail column 3 and 19 made of a solid round column 19 or a hollow cylindrical round column 19 made of reinforced concrete (Wil-Beton) for the offshore area, with the solid round column 19 being advantageously designed for wind turbines, while the hollow cylinder 38 is suitable, for example, for a tower island WPC.

This means that FPCs can be divided into two areas of application, onshore and offshore, each with different versions. The onshore WPK can be installed as a dam wall version 18 with or without an alternating chamber 39 wind generator hybrid for pumped storage power plants, as an island version with or without an alternating chamber 39 wind generator hybrid for pumped storage power plants, on paved banks and quays of inland waterways with wind generator hybrids, as well as with exchangeable buffer chamber wind generators in Hybrid shape and water turbines 21 in tandem for ship locks. offshore possibility Possibilities are formed in WPK hybrids with tidal and current power plants and also with wind turbines 40 in island tower version, as well as in shaft versions for fjords and cliffs as well as wind turbine shaft hybrids for sea coasts with strong surf and strong tides.

The WPK for pumped storage power plants as a dam wall or island version is based on pumped storage power plants, which are a form of intermediate storage of excess electrical energy from regenerative energy production for wind and hydroelectric power plants. In the case of pumped storage power plants, the fallow energy resource of the water level change in the reservoirs 22 should also be used in pump and turbine operation and efficiency increased. There are four possible implementations. The first version is with a cubic FPC buoyancy body with gear rails 3 and side rail guides on the dam wall 18, the second as a water-level alternating buffer shaft wind hybrid power plant on the dam wall 18, which is shown in Figures 7 and 8. A third embodiment is a circular FPC buoyancy body arrangement 20 around a gear rail column 19 as a water level island power plant in the reservoirs 22 or, as a fourth embodiment, a water level island alternating buffer shaft wind hybrid power plant, the top view of which can be seen in Figures 7 and 8 .

The disadvantage of the first and third versions is the lower efficiency due to the lower and slower water level change, but the costs are lower than for the second and fourth versions. Due to the alternating chamber design of the second and fourth embodiment, the pump and turbine water is fed directly to the alternating chambers 39 before they are diverted to the reservoir 22 . This creates a rapid water level change and thus increases efficiency. Wind turbines 40 in the shaft cover 41 of the exchangeable buffer shafts 42 use the sucked-in air when the water level drops and the compressed air when the water level rises to generate electrical energy, thereby increasing the efficiency of this WPK. Another possibility of electrical see Energy generation in turbine operation offers the use of additional water turbines 21 . A water turbine 21 in the outlet of the water pipe at the upper reservoir 22 to the pumped storage power plant turbine can use the potential energy of the suction gravity of the water column in addition to generating electrical energy, as can a water turbine 21 in the inlet to the water level alternating buffer shaft power plants.

The number of necessary water level alternating buffer shaft power plants and their design depends on the maximum water throughput capacity (m ³ /s) in pump and turbine operation, as well as depending on the weight of the displaced water volume and the cross section of the buoyancy body 2 depending on the installed generator design including accessories, ie the cross-section of the exchangeable buffer chamber 39. This specifies the level change speed and the associated energy yield.

The disadvantage of a WPK for pumped storage power plants in the simple version with lateral and spacer guide frames is the very slow water level change in the pumped storage lakes 22. The use of WPK with alternating chamber shaft systems can noticeably increase the energy generation efficiency. Here, the pumped water or the turbine waste water is first fed into the alternating buffer chamber 39 of the modified WPK before it is discharged into the reservoirs 22. As a result, the high water throughput during pump or turbine operation, distributed over several such WPK, is used for a rapid change in the water level and thus an increase in efficiency is achieved. The speed at which the water level changes in a WPK depends on the cross section of the WPK buoyancy body 2, the resulting cross section and the water absorption volume of an exchangeable buffer chamber shaft, as well as the pump or turbine throughput (m ³ /s). The cross section of the WPK buoyancy body 2 depends on the weight of the displaced water volume and results from the installed design of the WPK. By using several WPK, the water throughput volume in pump or turbine operation of a pumped storage power plant can be divided evenly over several heat exchangers.

A further increase in efficiency is achieved by using a water level alternating chamber wind turbine hybrid power plant. By terminating each interchangeable buffer shaft 42 with a dome 41 and an integrated wind turbine 40, when the water level changes, the sucked in or the compressed outflowing air can also be used to generate electrical energy. In addition to the cubic water level dam wall alternating chamber power plant, the island version as shown in Figure 9 as a water level tower alternating chamber power plant is also an alternative.

Also shown in FIG. 9 is a buffer chamber interchangeable hybrid FPC version. In pump operation, the slider 43 of the turbine water supply line for the water feed assignment of the buffer exchange chamber 39 is set to through-line to the left buffer chamber 39 and right buffer chamber 39 in the lower reservoir 22 . The slide 44 of the left-hand buffer chamber 39 and the slide 45 of the right-hand buffer chamber 39 are set to outlet water from the reservoir. The slide 46 of the storage water intake line is set to pump operation. During the pumping operation, the pump 23 of the pumped storage power plant center draws in the water from the lower reservoir 22 . The water level falls in the reservoir 22 and at the same time in the two water buffer exchange chambers 39. Gravity pulls both buoyancy bodies 2 of the WPK down. The drive gears 4 roll on the toothed rails 3 and convert the kinetic energy of the FPC into electrical energy. Both buffer chambers 39 are covered with a hood 41, in each of which a wind turbine 40 is integrated. When the water level and the two WPK buoyancy bodies 2 drop, air is sucked in and converted into electrical energy in the wind turbines 40 . The electrical energy of the hybrid WPK is fed to the pumped storage power station. In the upper reservoir 22, with reference to FIG. 8, the first step in the buffer chamber exchange pump operation is to close the slide valve 43 of the turbine water discharge. The slide 37 of the pumped water supply line for the feed assignment of the buffer exchange chambers 39 and the slide 44 for the left-hand buffer chambers 39 are set through. If the water level rises, the buoyant force lifts the left WPK buoyancy body 2 and the drive gear wheel 4 romps on the toothed rail 3. Gravity pulls both buoyancy bodies 2 of the left FPC down. The drive gears 4 roll on the toothed rails 3 and convert the kinetic energy in the FPC into electrical energy. Both buffer chambers 39 are covered with a hood 41, in each of which a wind turbine 40 is integrated. When the water level in both WPK drops, air is sucked in and converted into electrical energy in the wind turbines 40 . The electrical energy of the hybrid WPK is fed to the pumped storage power station.

In the second step, after the left WPK buoyancy body 2 in the left buffer chamber 39 has reached the maximum water level of the reservoir 22 in the upper pumped storage lake 22 on the dam wall 19, the slider 37 of the pumped water supply line 24 for the feed assignment of the buffer exchange chambers 39 and the Slider 45 for the right-hand buffer chamber 39 set through. At the same time, the slider 44 for the left-hand buffer chamber 39 is set to drain water into the reservoir 22 and the water level in the reservoir 22 rises. The water level in the left buffer chamber 39 drops. Gravity pulls both buoyancy bodies 2 of the FPC down. The drive gear 4 rolls down the toothed rail 3 . At the same time, the water level in the right-hand buffer chamber 39 rises and the buoyant force lifts the right-hand FPC buoyant body 2, as a result of which the drive gear wheel 4 rolls upwards on the toothed rail 3. Thus, electrical energy is generated both when rising and when falling in the WPK. Both buffer chambers

39 are completed at the top with domes 41, each containing a wind turbine

40 is integrated. When the water level drops and thus the WPK buoyancy body 2, air is in the buffer chamber 39 through the wind turbines 40 air is sucked in or, during the rise, is pressed outwards by the wind turbines 40 and their kinetic energy is converted into electrical energy.

The alternating loading of the two buffer chambers 39 in the upper pumped storage lake 22 is carried out in pumping operation until the maximum water level of the storage lake 22 is reached. The alternating control of the buffer chamber slides 44 and 45 takes place by balancing the water level of the reservoir 22 with the water level of the left and right buffer chamber 39. If, for example, the maximum fill level is reached in the left buffer chamber 39, the buffer chamber assignment slide 43 and the slide 45 the right buffer chamber 39 set to conduction. At the same time, the slider 44 of the left-hand buffer chamber 39 is switched to reservoir discharge. If the water level in the left-hand buffer chamber 39 is the same as the water level in the reservoir 22 when it is being emptied, the left-hand buffer chamber slide 44 and the buffer-chamber assignment slide 43 are switched back to the supply line. If the water level in both buffer chambers 39 is equal to the maximum water level of the reservoir 22 and the pumping operation has come to an end, the buffer chamber allocation slider 43 is switched to both buffer chambers 39 and the sliders 44 and 45 of the left and right buffer chamber 39 are switched to the reservoir feed. In the emptied lower reservoir 22, the slide of the pumped water suction line 24 is blocked and, for example, the buffer chamber assignment slide 43 and the left buffer chamber slide 44 are switched to turbine water feed. The right buffer chamber slide 45 is set to turbine water exchange feed. Both plants are ready for turbine operation.

As with the simple dam wall FPC, the disadvantage of the island version is the low efficiency due to the slow changes in the water level. Large drive gears 4 and gears 5 are required. The solution is to use the water level wind turbine hybrid alternating chamber power plants as a dam wall version or as an island version for pumped storage power plants. As also shown in Figure 10 in the island version, the rate of rise of the water level in the alternating chambers 39 of the water level wind turbine hybrid alternating chamber power plant is noticeably increased through the direct feeding of pumped or turbine water and thus also the efficiency of this FPC . Furthermore, the high water throughput capacity is divided by the alternating feed through the changing chambers 39 . Alternately, the pump or turbine water is diverted to the reservoirs 22 when the maximum water level in the changing chambers 39 is reached. The height of the changing chamber should be slightly higher than the maximum water level of the reservoirs 22 in order to achieve faster water drainage by gravity and to ensure that the changing chamber 39 is emptied. This ensures that the inlet and outlet slides are subsequently switched to the loading position at the point in time before a possible alternating loading of pump and turbine water.

Due to the upper closure by means of couplings 41 with integrated wind turbines 40, additional electrical energy can be generated via the suctioned or compressed air when the water level changes in the changing chambers 39. The efficiency of a pumped storage power plant can be noticeably increased by this water-level wind turbine hybrid alternating chamber power plant. The design of the water-level wind turbine hybrid alternating-chamber power plant depends on the throughput of the pump or turbine water output, the generator output and the number of coupled water-level wind turbine hybrid alternating-chamber power plants. The faster the water level rise rate in the changing chambers 39, the higher the efficiency.

We find an untapped potential energy resource in river navigation locks or shipping canals. Water power can be used when flooding the sluice chambers 47 and lowering the water level in the sluice chamber 47 to the lower level. This is ideal proposes a water level wind power hybrid variable chamber power plant in tandem with a water turbine 21, which is shown in FIG. Both sides of the lock chambers 47 can be used for the integration of this type of power plant. Depending on the lock size, cascades of exchangeable chambers 39 can be used. As a result, the potential energy of the water is converted into electrical energy by the water level change and the resulting changes in air pressure in the changing chambers 39 during the lock process by this type of power plant. In addition, when the water level in the sluice chamber 47 is lowered, the outflowing water can be diverted in tandem by a water turbine. In the case of river navigation locks, the lock 48 can be used like a normal water turbine power plant without a lock process.

The advantage here is that three untapped energy resources can be used, the water buoyancy, the wind energy and the water flow. In addition, there is an increase in the efficiency of lock systems in inland navigation to river or shipping canals. The water level alternating shaft power plant with water turbine 21 in tandem can be integrated into lock systems on both sides. In addition, an additional water turbine power plant expansion can take place at river navigation locks. Especially since the power plant can be retrofitted, is sustainable and CO2-free.

The shipping locks water-level alternating buffer chamber hybrid power plant with water turbines in tandem work as follows. In the lock chamber 47, the lock gates 48 are closed and the slider 49 to the water turbines is closed. The slider 50 to the water-level changing buffer chambers is open in the feed position. As a result, the FPC buoyancy bodies 2 rise in the buffer chambers 39 due to the buoyancy force and their kinetic energy is converted into electrical energy. At the same time, the air in the buffer chambers is pressed outwards by the wind turbines 40 in the cover hoods 41 and also convert electrical energy. The slider 50 of the water level Exchangeable buffer chambers is placed in the outflow position to the sluice chamber 47. As a result, the WPK buoyancy bodies 2 in the buffer chamber 39 sink due to the falling water level and generate electrical energy. At the same time, the air sucked in from the outside flows into the buffer chambers 39 through the wind turbines 40 in the cover hoods 41 and additionally converts electrical energy. The water level and the ship in the lock chamber 47 rise.

For example, if the water level in the exchangeable buffer chamber is at the same level as the water level in the upper shipping canal, the slide valve 51 is switched to drain to the sluice chamber 47. The water level in the exchangeable buffer chamber 39 drops until it has reached the level of the water level in the sluice chamber 47 . Now the same slide 51 is switched back to the water supply in the exchangeable buffer chamber 39 . This process is repeated until the water levels of the upper shipping channel, the exchangeable buffer chambers 39 and the lock chamber 47 have the same level. Now the upper floodgate 48 is opened. The ship exits the lock. The slides 50 of the water level changing buffer chambers 39 are placed in the outflow position for the lock chamber 47 . The shipping lock is ready to lock a ship out of the upper canal.

In tandem with the water turbines 21, the lock gates 48 on a ship which is in the lock are initially closed and the sliders 51 of the exchangeable buffer chambers are set to the feed position. The sliders 52 for the water turbine feed are open and direct the lock water through the turbines 21 into the lower shipping canal, thereby converting electrical energy. When the water level drops, the four WPK in the exchangeable buffer chambers 39 convert electrical energy at a reduced rate of level change. The lower speed of the PWK drive gears 4 is compensated for by the WPK gear 5 . When the water level drops, the four exchangeable buffer chambers 39 convert additional electrical energy with the air sucked in by the wind turbines 40 . Have the water levels in the removable buffer chambers 39 and the lock chamber 47 is at the same level as the water level of the lower shipping canal, the water turbine feed valves 52 are closed and the lower sluice gate 48 can be opened. The ship can exit lock chamber 47. If no ship is waiting, the lock gate 48 to the lower shipping channel can remain closed, the upper one is open. The water level in the lock chamber 47 has the same level as the water level of the upper shipping channel. When the sliders 52 for the water turbine feed are open, the water from the lock can flow through the wind turbines 40 and thereby convert electrical energy.

Another example relates to hybrid water gauge bank shaft wind turbines on inland waterways. Every moving ship that moves on a navigable river or shipping canal first generates a wave trough, followed by the ship's bow wave, with the subsequent wave trough merging into the ship's stern wave. The wave trough before the bow wave builds up behaves like a mini tsunami, i.e. the water pulls back from the shore and the subsequent bow wave returns to the shore with increased amplitude. The larger the amount of water displaced by a ship's hull and/or the higher the speed of a ship, the greater the amplitude of the wave and thus also the usable potential energy due to the dynamic and varying water level change. These water level bank shaft wind hybrid power plants can use the fallow energy resources on busy navigable rivers or shipping canals, as well as seaports such as Hamburg and Rotterdam. The water level bank shaft wind hybrid power plant are integrated into fixed bank facilities 18 or quay walls 18 with water inlet and outlet below the minimum water level of the navigable waters. Efficiency increases with the number of power plants.

Marine FPCs are used in the maritime use of regenerative and sustainable production of electrical energy from the unlimited ten potential or kinetic energy of the sea water level change by sea waves and tides. An extended use of the sea current is carried out by a sea water level current hybrid power plant. When the sea water level shaft or tower is a closed system, the compressed and decompressed air can also be used in a hybrid function with wind turbines 40 in the shaft or tower dome 41 to generate energy. With the hybrid versions, an increase in the efficiency of the marine FPC is achieved.

The basic principle is always the same as with onshore WPK. WPK always consist of at least two interconnected buoyancy bodies 2, each with a gear 5, generator s, sleeping and control cabinets, electrical energy transmission 7 and 8, a bilge pump 9 and an air compressor 12 for excess air pressure in the buoyancy body 2 and an integral gear 13 in the drive gear 4. The Generators 6 are driven by the drive gear 4 with integral gear 13 via the common drive axle, which rolls off a vertical toothed rail 3 when the level changes. The toothed rails 3 are attached vertically to a round column 19 or a hollow cylinder 19 in the case of island or tower versions or on an inner wall 19 of cubic shaft systems on coasts and quays.

A hybrid version of a sea-water-level-tide-current hybrid power plant with an offshore wind power plant 53 as in FIG and to stop the wind rotors when there is no wind. In both situations, they fail as electrical energy generators.

A hybrid sea-water level tidal current hybrid power plant with an offshore wind turbine 53 would compensate for the outage if the offshore wind turbine 53 were to shut down regardless of wind conditions. The efficiency of an offshore wind turbine 53 is determined by the Combination to a sea-water level tidal current hybrid power plant in hybrid version with an offshore wind turbine 53 increased in normal operation. The foundation base 54 of the offshore wind turbine 53 serves as a gear rail column 19 for the application of a water-level island power plant.

Four gear rails 3 are mounted vertically, being distributed around the foundation plinth 54 of the offshore wind turbine at 90 degrees and 45 degrees to the main sea current. Four torsion compensation rails 55 are offset by 45 degrees to the gear rails 3 on the foundation base 54 of the offshore wind turbine 53 attached. The WPK circular segments 20 are docked to the gear rails 3 in a circle around the gear rail column 3 and 19 created in this way and connected to form a circular water level island power plant.

As shown in FIG. 12, there is an additional use of two sea current power plants. These will be oriented in the main ocean current direction and mounted under the water gauge island power plant. Thus eight or ten generators 6 can generate electrical energy. The electrical energy is to be transmitted via an inductive receiver loop 8 to the wind turbine 53 .

Sea-water-level tidal current hybrid power plant in a hybrid version with an offshore wind power plant 53 with a sea current around a round column 19, the water is compressed as flow isobars on the column and generate a jet flow. This offers the application of sea water level tidal current hybrid power plant in a hybrid version with an offshore wind power plant 53, since the arrangement and alignment of the sea current power plant takes place in the main sea current direction or in the tidal current direction. The sea water level tidal wind turbine hybrid tower power plant is intended to be used in coastal waters. In addition to generating electrical energy, a seawater desalination plant or a hydrogen production plant can be used in the tower roof dome 41, as shown in FIG. 13, or it can serve as a meteorological and/or marine biological research station. Desalinated seawater or hydrogen can be temporarily stored in a tank in the hollow cylinder column 19 of the toothed wheel rail.

In a round tower 19, which merges into a caisson at its bottom, four WPK circular segments 20 are arranged around a hollow cylinder column 19 as a gear rail column 19 with an integral high-pressure storage tank. Four gear rails 3 are vertically offset by 90 degrees and distributed on the inner round cylinder tower 19 . Four more gear rails 3 are offset by 45 degrees to the inner gear rails 3 and attached vertically to the inside of the outer cylinder tower 19 . Four torsion compensation profile guide rails 55 are offset by 45 degrees to the gear rails 3 on the inner round cylinder tower 19 and attached vertically. The upper and lower edges of the lift segments 2 on the inner and outer circle sides are each equipped with torque compensation 33 and torsion compensation 55 .

For narrow fjord passages and cliffs 18 with a strong tidal range and strong sea currents, as is the case in Norway, Canada, Alaska and New Zealand or between the Indonesian islands in the Sunda archipelago, a water level-sea current-tidal hybrid power plant offers the ideal opportunity to generate unlimited pollution-free electrical energy. Narrow fjord passages offer the mutual use of water level-sea current-tide hybrid power plants such as one in Figure 14. The water level-sea current-tide hybrid power plant consists of a cubic WPK, which, recognizable in Figure 15, is embedded in a cliff 18 on the sea side open shaft 56, to which a water turbine is attached below the waterline and into the sea current protrudes. Through the combination of WPK and water turbine, sea tides and sea currents are used twice a day to generate electrical energy, as well as the varying sea waves.

Many countries and islands have strong sea surf on cliffs. With the following water level-wind-coastal surf-tidal hybrid power plant type, this sea surf can be used as a potential energy resource. Through a shaft cover 41 with an integrated wind turbine 40, this water level shaft power plant uses the air flowing in and out due to the varying sea water level change to generate additional electrical energy in a hybrid function. The kinetic energy of the surf presses the seawater into the funnel-shaped seawater inlet channel 57. The buoyant force pushes up the FPC buoyancy body 2 and the FPC drive gear wheel 4 rolls up on the toothed rail 3, thereby driving the FPC generator 6. The resulting expanding air pressure in the sealed well 56 drives the wind turbines 40 of the power plant. Pulls back the surf wave, the sea water flows from the water level shaft power plant and gravity pulls the WPK buoyancy body 2 down. The FPC drive gear wheel 4 rolls down the toothed rail 3 and drives the FPC generator 6 . The resulting negative air pressure in the closed shaft 56 draws in fresh air from outside and thus drives the wind turbine power plant. The integral gear 13 in the drive gear wheel 4 is intended to generate a generator speed even with relatively low waves and small changes in the tide level.

The advantage of such a system is the sustainability, the independence from fossil fuels, the lack of CC emissions, that it can be easily integrated into the landscape and is climate-independent, as well as a favorable price-performance ratio in the long term and the islanders and residents on remote coasts offers independent access to the electrical energy supply. REFERENCE LIST

1 support element

2 buoyancy bodies

3 gear rail

4 gear

5 gears

6 generators

7 Inductive transmitter

8 induction loop

9 bilge pump

10 outer shell

11 liquid-tight individual elements

12 air compressor

13 integral and/or planetary gears

14 support elements

15 sprockets

16 shock absorber

17 side guide

18 sloping wall/dam

19 tower/column

20 hollow cylinder segments

21 generator turbine

22 reservoirs

23 connection line

24 pump

25 WPK buoyancy segment

26 Generator drive axle/main drive axle

27 Inner ring gear

28 transmission pan 29 transmission hollow axle

30 gear wheel

31 gear abutment

32 compressed air connection

33 torque compensator

34 Swing Arm Mounting Plate

35 guide gear

36 steel tube bundle

37 Pump water inlet valve

38 hollow cylinder

39 changing chamber

40 wind turbine

41 shaft cover/cover hood

42 removable buffer slot

43 Turbine water inlet spool

44 slider left buffer chamber

45 slide right buffer chamber

46 slider storage water suction line

47 lock chamber

48 lock gate

49 slider to the water turbine

50 slider water level change buffer chamber

51 Valve drain and feed buffer chamber

52 slider water turbine feed

53 wind turbine

54 foundation plinth

55 Torsion Compensation

56 shaft

57 Funnel-shaped seawater intake canal

Claims

25

P A T E N T L A N G A N G H E A hydroelectric power plant for converting potential energy into electrical energy, comprising a buoyant body (2) that is guided on a supporting element (1) so that it cannot be lost and is height-adjustable, with the supporting element (1) being assigned a toothed rail (3) which is connected to a buoyant body

(2) associated gear (4) meshes, wherein the gear (4) with the interposition of a gear (5) is assigned a generator (6) which generates an electrical voltage due to a rotation of the gear (4), this via an electrical Discharge on the support element (1) rests against an electrical consumer. Hydroelectric power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the voltage is transmitted between the generator (6) and the electrical consumer via a submarine cable or via an inductive transmitter (7) which is parallel to the toothed rail with a

(3) in the support element (1) running induction loop (8) interacts. Hydroelectric power plant according to at least one of Claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the buoyant body (2) has a bilge pump (9) and is surrounded on all sides by an outer shell (10) which is made from liquid-tight individual elements (11), with the Bilge pump (9) water can be pumped out of the interior of the buoyant body (2) and/or into at least one of the individual elements (11) for position trimming and out of them, with the buoyant body (2) preferably being assigned at least one air compressor (12). is, which generates an overpressure in the buoyant body (2), in particular in the gear (5).

4. Water power plant according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the gear (5) is an integral and/or planetary gear (13).

5. Hydroelectric power plant according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that support elements (14) with toothed rollers (15) are provided above and/or below a contact point of the gear wheel (4) with the toothed rail (3), which are parallel on both sides to the Toothed rail (3) mesh extending roller rails and each have a spring leg (16) against the buoyant body (2) are supported.

6. Hydroelectric power plant according to claim 5, characterized in that the toothed wheel (4) and/or the at least one toothed roller (15) have a lateral guide (17) on both sides, preferably tapered, which enclose the teeth of the toothed rail (3) between them .

7. Hydroelectric power plant according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support element (1) is a vertical or sloping wall, in particular a dam wall (18).

8. Hydroelectric power plant according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the supporting element is a tower (19) or a round or polygonal column (19).

9. Hydroelectric power plant according to claim 8, characterized in that several buoyancy bodies (2) are distributed at least in sections around the tower (19) or the column (19), preferably in the hollow cylinder segments completely surrounding the tower (19) or the column (19). 20) divided, are.

10. Hydroelectric power plant according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the buoyancy body (2) is associated with a generator turbine (21) which is operatively connected to the electrical consumer.

11. Pumped storage power plant with at least two hydropower plants according to one of claims 1 to 10, which are arranged in two geodetically height-staggered reservoirs (22) which are connected via at least one connecting line (23) via a pump (24).

12. Pumped storage power plant according to claim 11, characterized in that at least two alternately operable water power plants are provided per storage basin (22).