WO2023035478A1 - 一种线性致动器 - Google Patents

一种线性致动器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023035478A1
WO2023035478A1 PCT/CN2021/139113 CN2021139113W WO2023035478A1 WO 2023035478 A1 WO2023035478 A1 WO 2023035478A1 CN 2021139113 W CN2021139113 W CN 2021139113W WO 2023035478 A1 WO2023035478 A1 WO 2023035478A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
screw rod
tube
nut
motor assembly
linear actuator
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Application number
PCT/CN2021/139113
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李迎
Original Assignee
德沃康科技集团有限公司
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Publication of WO2023035478A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023035478A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H25/00—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms
    • F16H25/18—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms for conveying or interconverting oscillating or reciprocating motions
    • F16H25/20—Screw mechanisms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H25/00—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms
    • F16H25/18—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms for conveying or interconverting oscillating or reciprocating motions
    • F16H25/20—Screw mechanisms
    • F16H25/2021—Screw mechanisms with means for avoiding overloading
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H25/00—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms
    • F16H25/18—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms for conveying or interconverting oscillating or reciprocating motions
    • F16H25/20—Screw mechanisms
    • F16H25/2056—Telescopic screws with at least three screw members in coaxial arrangement
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/06—Means for converting reciprocating motion into rotary motion or vice versa
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H25/00—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms
    • F16H25/18—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms for conveying or interconverting oscillating or reciprocating motions
    • F16H25/20—Screw mechanisms
    • F16H2025/2059—Superposing movement by two screws, e.g. with opposite thread direction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H25/00—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms
    • F16H25/18—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms for conveying or interconverting oscillating or reciprocating motions
    • F16H25/20—Screw mechanisms
    • F16H2025/2062—Arrangements for driving the actuator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H25/00—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms
    • F16H25/18—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms for conveying or interconverting oscillating or reciprocating motions
    • F16H25/20—Screw mechanisms
    • F16H2025/2062—Arrangements for driving the actuator
    • F16H2025/2087—Arrangements for driving the actuator using planetary gears

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a driving device, in particular to a linear actuator.
  • Linear actuator also known as electric screw or electric cylinder or electric push rod
  • the main function is to move the load in a straight line, similar to an air cylinder or a hydraulic cylinder. It mainly includes the motor and the push rod. Through the transmission structure, the rotary motion of the motor is converted into the linear motion of the push rod. Generally, there is a requirement for a rated operating rate.
  • Linear actuators are widely used in the field of adjustable furniture, such as beds, tables or chairs, where linear actuators are used to adjust, for example, the height of a table or the height of a cushion surface of a bed.
  • the linear actuator In the process of adjusting the linear actuator, if the adjustment resistance is too large, it will easily cause the actuator to be overloaded and damaged; at the same time, if the human body hinders the operation of the actuator, the continuous operation of the linear actuator will easily damage the actuator. Damage to the human body.
  • the application provides a linear actuator.
  • This application provides a linear actuator, which adopts the following scheme:
  • a linear actuator includes a motor assembly and at least one screw rod, the screw rod is circumferentially fixed, and the screw rod is externally threaded with a nut, and the motor assembly drives the screw rod and the screw rod The nut rotates relatively, and the screw rod is driven by the motor assembly to move axially.
  • a piezoelectric element is arranged on one side of the motor assembly. When the motor assembly drives the screw rod to move, it directly Or indirectly apply force to the piezoelectric element.
  • the motor assembly drives the screw and the nut to rotate relatively, and a screw nut mechanism is formed between the screw and the nut to limit the position of the nut so that the screw can move in the axial direction, and the motor The reading of the piezoelectric film remains unchanged during the normal working process of the assembly.
  • the resistance will be transmitted to the motor assembly, and the force on the motor assembly will act directly or indirectly on the piezoelectric element, which will make the piezoelectric element
  • a reminder can be set at this time, and the user can stop the actuator or take other measures as needed; the reading of the piezoelectric element reflects the force on the motor assembly when it is working, and the motor There is a range for the normal bearing force of the assembly, which corresponds to a reading range of the piezoelectric element.
  • the reading of the piezoelectric element exceeds this range, it indicates that the force of the motor assembly exceeds its normal bearing range, and a reminder can be set Remind the user to stop the actuator or take measures as needed to avoid overload damage to the actuator; at the same time, if the human body hinders the actuator from working, it can also prevent the actuator from continuing to work and causing damage to the hindered human body .
  • a buffer pad is provided on one side of the piezoelectric element, and the force of the piezoelectric element directly or indirectly acts on the buffer pad.
  • the buffer pad can be arranged on any side of the piezoelectric element, and the buffer pad can buffer the piezoelectric element, so as to prevent the piezoelectric element from being damaged due to excessive force applied by the motor assembly to the piezoelectric element.
  • the motor assembly includes a base, the two sides of the piezoelectric element abut against the base and the buffer pad respectively, and the side of the buffer pad facing away from the piezoelectric element is also provided with an outer The end cover, the outer end cover is fixedly arranged, and the buffer pad is installed and fixed on the outer end cover.
  • the piezoelectric element and the buffer pad are protected between the base and the outer end cover, so that the piezoelectric element and the buffer pad are not easily affected by the outside.
  • a slot is provided on the outer end cover, and the buffer pad is embedded in the slot.
  • the outer end cover is provided with an embedded groove to embed the buffer pad, so as to facilitate the positioning of the buffer pad and prevent the position of the buffer pad from shifting.
  • the outer end cover is provided with a connecting column
  • the base is correspondingly provided with a perforation
  • the connecting column is embedded in the perforation, and a gap is left between the outer end cover and the base .
  • the motor assembly is circumferentially fixed in the outer casing
  • the screw rod includes a primary screw rod and a secondary screw rod
  • the nut includes a primary nut and a secondary nut
  • a driving aluminum tube is arranged inside the outer sleeve, and the driving aluminum tube is directly driven to rotate by the motor assembly.
  • the interior of the rod is hollow, the secondary screw rod is sleeved in the primary screw rod, the primary nut is sleeved outside the primary screw rod and threaded with it, the primary nut is connected to the outer sleeve
  • the tube is fixedly connected, the secondary nut is fixedly connected to the primary screw rod, the secondary nut is sleeved on the secondary screw rod and threaded with it, and the end of the secondary screw rod is fixedly connected
  • the motor assembly directly drives the driving aluminum tube to rotate
  • the outer sleeve is fixedly connected to the motor assembly
  • the first-level nut is fixedly connected to the outer sleeve
  • the first-level screw rod is fixed circumferentially to the driving aluminum tube, so the first-level wire
  • the rod rotates together with the driving aluminum tube.
  • the first-stage screw rod it forms a screw-nut mechanism with the first-stage nut, which makes the first-stage screw rod expand and contract along the axial direction.
  • the first-stage screw rod drives the second-stage nut to rotate.
  • the secondary screw cannot rotate due to the limit of the outer top plate and the outer tube, so that a screw nut mechanism is formed between the secondary nut and the secondary screw, so that the secondary screw can expand and contract along the axial direction at the same time, and can be set in the same way Multiple screw rods expand and contract at the same time; at the same time, since the first-level screw rod and the first-level nut form a screw-nut mechanism, and the first-level nut is fixedly connected with the outer casing, when the screw rod is blocked, the force is transmitted from the screw rod to the On the primary nut and the outer casing, the force is transmitted through the outer casing, and the motor assembly is protected in the outer casing, thereby effectively protecting the motor assembly.
  • a middle pipe and an inner pipe are sequentially sleeved in the outer pipe, the outer sleeve is sleeved in the inner pipe, the secondary nut is axially fixed at one end of the middle pipe, and the two
  • the step nut is rotatably connected to the middle pipe, the end of the inner pipe is fixedly connected to an inner top plate, the outer end cover is fixedly connected to the outer top plate, the outer pipe is slidably connected to the outer wall of the middle pipe,
  • the middle tube is slidingly connected to the outer wall of the inner tube.
  • the middle tube and the inner tube are arranged, so that the primary screw rod and the secondary screw rod are covered by the tube during the expansion and contraction process, which plays a role of protecting the internal structure of the actuator.
  • sliders are installed and fixed on the outer walls of the middle pipe and the inner pipe.
  • bushings are installed and fixed at ends of the outer tube and the middle tube.
  • a bushing is provided for sealing, preventing impurities from entering the interior of the actuator.
  • a plurality of screw rods can be set up to expand and contract synchronously, so that the control distance of the actuator is large.
  • Fig. 1 is the overall structural representation of embodiment
  • Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of part A in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of part B in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of part C in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 5 is an exploded view of a part of the structure of the embodiment.
  • the embodiment of the present invention discloses a linear actuator, as shown in Figure 1, including a motor assembly 1, the motor assembly 1 can be a motor and a planetary gear set, or just a motor, in this embodiment it is a motor and
  • the combination of planetary gear sets is provided with at least one screw 2 at the same time.
  • the lead screw nut 3 mechanism is formed between the first-level nut 14 and the first-level screw mandrel 12, the second-level nut 15 and the second-level screw mandrel 13 Form the lead screw nut 3 mechanism between them, when the primary nut 14 and the secondary nut 15 rotate relative to the primary screw mandrel 12 and the secondary screw mandrel 13, the primary screw mandrel 12 and the secondary screw mandrel 13 can be correspondingly stretched.
  • the planetary gear set is a planetary reducer
  • the motor shaft is connected to a connecting piece 24 after being decelerated by the planetary gear set
  • the first-stage screw rod 12 and the second-stage screw rod 13 are externally connected with a driving aluminum tube 16
  • the primary screw rod 12 is socketed in the driving aluminum tube 16
  • the inside of the primary screw rod 12 is hollow
  • the secondary screw rod 13 is socketed in the primary screw rod 12
  • the connecting piece 24 is socketed in the driving aluminum tube 16
  • a groove along the axial direction is provided on the outer wall of the driving aluminum tube 16
  • a corresponding protrusion is provided on the inner wall of the connecting piece 24, and the protrusion is embedded in the groove, so that the connecting piece 24 and the driving
  • the aluminum tube 16 is fixed circumferentially, and when the motor assembly 1 is working, the aluminum tube 16 can be driven to rotate through the transmission of the connecting piece 24 .
  • a sliding snap ring 25 is arranged between the primary screw rod 12 and the driving aluminum tube 16, the sliding snap ring 25 is sleeved on the end of the primary screw rod 12, and a hole is arranged on the primary screw rod 12, and the sliding snap ring 25 is partially embedded in the hole, so that the sliding snap ring 25 and the primary screw rod 12 are relatively fixed, and the inner wall of the driving aluminum tube 16 is also provided with a groove along its axial direction, and the outer wall of the sliding snap ring 25 is also provided with There is a protrusion, and the protrusion is embedded in the groove, so that the sliding snap ring 25 and the driving aluminum tube 16 are circumferentially fixed.
  • the motor assembly 1 is externally connected with an outer sleeve 11 , the inner wall of the outer sleeve 11 is provided with grooves arranged along its axial direction, and the outer wall of the motor assembly 1 is correspondingly provided with protrusions.
  • the protrusion is embedded in the groove, so that the outer casing 11 and the motor assembly 1 are circumferentially fixed, the primary nut 14 is arranged at the end of the driving aluminum tube 16 away from the connecting piece 24, and the primary nut 14 is fixedly connected to the outer casing 11 Above, the primary nut 14 is sleeved on the primary screw rod 12 and threadedly connected with it.
  • the rotating shaft of the motor assembly 1 drives the connecting piece 24 to rotate, and since the connecting piece 24 and the driving aluminum tube 16 are circumferentially fixed, the driving aluminum tube 16 rotates accordingly; and the sliding snap ring 25 is fixed on the On the primary screw rod 12, the sliding snap ring 25 and the driving aluminum tube 16 are circumferentially fixed, but the sliding snap ring 25 can slide along the axial direction of the driving aluminum tube 16, so when the driving aluminum tube 16 rotates, the primary screw rod 12 rotates thereupon; since the outer casing 11 and the motor assembly 1 are circumferentially fixed, and the first-stage nut 14 is clamped and fixed on one end of the outer casing 11, so the first-stage nut 14 does not rotate relative to the motor assembly 1, then in a When the primary screw rod 12 rotates, the primary nut 14 does not rotate, and a screw nut mechanism is formed between the primary nut 14 and the primary screw rod 12, so that the primary screw rod 12 moves in the axial direction, that is, the primary screw rod 12 stretches, At
  • the motor assembly 1 is provided with a base 6 , the base 6 is partly sleeved in the outer sleeve 11 , one side of the base 6 is provided with an outer end cover 7 , and the outer end cover 7 is fixedly connected to the outer sleeve 11 , and the base 6 is limited and clamped between the end wall of the outer sleeve 11 and the outer end cover 7; the outer end cover 7 is provided with a plurality of connecting columns 9, and the base 6 is correspondingly provided with a plurality of perforations 10, connecting The column 9 passes through the perforation 10, and the connecting column 9 is provided with a threaded hole, the threaded hole is connected with a bolt, the bolt is sleeved with a gasket, the gasket presses the base 6, and there is a gap between the outer end cover 7 and the base 6 There are gaps.
  • a piezoelectric element 4 is arranged between the base 6 and the outer end cover 7, the piezoelectric element 4 abuts against the base 6, and the side of the piezoelectric element 4 facing away from the base 6 abuts against a buffer pad 5, the outer end cover 7 A slot 8 is arranged on the top, and the buffer pad 5 is embedded in the slot 8 .
  • the force is transmitted to the first-level nut 14 through the first-level screw rod 12, and then from the first-level nut 14 to the outer sleeve 11, and the force of the outer sleeve 11 is then transmitted to the base 6, so that The base 6 moves to the side of the outer end cover 7 to press the piezoelectric element 4.
  • the driving aluminum tube 16 and the motor assembly 1 are arranged in the outer casing 11, and the three axially remain stationary, or the three are coaxial. Therefore, the force is transmitted to the base 6 through the outer casing 11, and then the base 6 is driven to move to the outer end cover 7, so that the piezoelectric element 4 is squeezed to cause a change in reading.
  • the secondary nut 15 is fixedly connected to the end of the primary screw rod 12 away from the sliding snap ring 25, the secondary nut 15 is sleeved on one end of the secondary screw rod 13 and threaded with it, and the secondary screw rod 15 is threadedly connected to it.
  • the end of the screw rod 13 away from the secondary nut 15 is fixed with a sliding ring 27 , and the sliding ring 27 is sleeved in the primary screw rod 12 .
  • One end of the secondary screw mandrel 13 connected with the secondary nut 15 is fixedly connected with the outer top plate 17 by bolts, and the end of the secondary screw mandrel 13 is non-circular and is circumferentially fixed with the outer top plate 17, and is fixedly connected to the outer top plate 17.
  • the middle tube 19 and the inner tube 20 are all square tubes, so all three are fixed with the motor assembly 1 in the circumferential direction.
  • the secondary screw 13 When the secondary nut 15 rotates together with the primary screw 12, the secondary screw 13 is affected by the external
  • the top plate 17 and the outer tube 18 are limited and fixed circumferentially, and a screw nut mechanism is formed between the secondary nut 15 and the secondary screw mandrel 13, so that the secondary screw mandrel 13 is telescopic at the same time, and the primary screw mandrel 12 and the secondary screw mandrel 13 extend or retract at the same time.
  • one end of the inner tube 20 is internally fixedly connected with an inner top plate 21, and a plurality of perforations 10 are also arranged on the inner top plate 21, and the connecting column 9 on the outer end cover 7 passes through the perforation 10 and is threaded.
  • There are bolts, and gaskets are sleeved on the bolts and press the inner top plate 21, so that the inner pipe 20 and the motor assembly 1 are fixed in the circumferential direction, and the outer end cover 7 and the inner top plate 21 are in contact.
  • the motor assembly 1 works to drive the primary screw 12 and the secondary screw 13 to protrude, and the outer top plate 17 and the outer tube 18 move accordingly, when the movement is hindered , or when the extension of the primary screw 12 and the secondary screw 13 is hindered, the reaction force acts on the motor assembly 1 and the outer sleeve 11, and the piezoelectric element 4 is squeezed through the transmission of the base 6, thereby The magnitude of the reaction force on the motor assembly 1 can be reflected through the data reading of the piezoelectric element 4 , and the motor assembly 1 is shut down in time or other measures are taken to avoid overload and damage to the motor assembly 1 .
  • the end of the middle pipe 19 is fixed with a middle pipe seat 26, and the secondary nut 15 is rotatably connected to the middle pipe seat 26.
  • the secondary screw rod 13 stretches out, it drives the outer top plate 17 and The outer tube 18 moves; when the primary screw rod 12 stretches out, it drives the middle tube 19 to move; thus the secondary screw rod 13 is always protected in the outer tube 18 and the outer sleeve 11, and the primary screw rod 12 is always protected in the middle tube 19 and the outer tube 11.
  • a slide block 22 is installed and fixed on the outer wall of the middle tube 19 and the outer wall of the inner tube 20, and when the outer tube 18 stretches It is slidably connected with the slide block 22, and the middle pipe 19 is slidably connected with the slide block 22 when it expands and contracts.
  • the outer The end of the pipe 18 away from the outer top plate 17 and the end of the middle pipe 19 away from the secondary nut 15 are all equipped with a bushing 23.
  • the bushing 23 on the outer pipe 18 is slidably connected to the middle pipe 19, and the bushing on the middle pipe 19 23 is slidably connected on the inner tube 20.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transmission Devices (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种线性致动器，涉及一种驱动装置。技术方案为一种线性致动器，包括电机总成，以及至少一根丝杆，所述丝杆周向固定，且所述丝杆外螺纹连接有螺母，所述电机总成驱动所述丝杆和所述螺母相对旋转，所述丝杆由电机总成驱动而沿自身轴向移动，所述电机总成的一侧设置有压电元件，所述电机总成驱动丝杆移动时直接或间接给所述压电元件施加作用力。本申请结构合理，通过压电片读数来反映致动器工作是否受阻，同时反映电机总成是否过载，使得使用人员可以根据情况做出调整。

Description

一种线性致动器 技术领域
本发明涉及一种驱动装置，特别涉及一种线性致动器。
背景技术
线性致动器，又名电动螺杆或电动缸或电动推杆，最主要的功能是将负载作直线的移动，类似气缸或液压缸。主要包括电机和推杆，通过传动结构，将电机的旋转运动转换为推杆的直线运动，一般有额定运转率要求。
线性致动器广泛用于可调节家具领域，例如床、桌或椅，其中，线性致动器用于调节例如桌的高度或床的垫子表面的高度。在线性致动器进行调节的过程中，若是调节受到的阻力过大，容易导致致动器过载和受损；同时，若阻碍致动器运行的为人体，线性致动器持续工作也容易对人体造成伤害。
发明内容
为了减小致动器因受阻而过载和受损的几率，避免致动器持续工作而对阻碍的人体造成伤害，本申请提供一种线性致动器。
本申请提供一种线性致动器，采用如下方案：
一种线性致动器，包括电机总成，以及至少一根丝杆，所述丝杆周向固定，且所述丝杆外螺纹连接有螺母，所述电机总成驱动所述丝杆和所述螺母相对旋转，所述丝杆由所述电机总成驱动而沿自身轴向移动，所述电机总成的一侧设置有压电元件，所述电机总成驱动所述丝杆移动时直接或间接给所述压电元件施加作用力。
通过采用上述方案，在电机总成开始工作时，电机总成驱动丝杆和螺母相对旋转，丝杆和螺母之间构成丝杠螺母机构，限制螺母位置，使得丝杆可以沿轴向移动，电机总成正常工作过程中压电片读数不变，若是丝杆伸缩受到阻碍，所受阻力传导给电机总成，电机总成所受的力再直接或间接作用到压电元件上，会使得压电元件的读数发生变化，此时可以设置提醒器进行提醒，使用人员再根据需要停止致动器或者采取其他措施；压电元件的读数侧面反映了电机总成工作时所受的力大小，电机总成的正常承受力存在一个范围，此范围对应压电元件的一个读数范围，若是压电元件的读数超出此范围，则表明电机总成的受力超出其正常承受范围，可以设置提醒器进行提醒，使用人员再根据需要停止致动器或采取措施，避免致动器过载损坏；同时，若阻碍致动器工作的为人体，也能够避免致动器持续工作而对造成阻碍的人体造成伤害。
可选地，所述压电元件的一侧设置有缓冲垫，所述压电元件的受力直接或间接作用于所述缓冲垫。
通过采用上述方案，缓冲垫可以设置在压电元件的任意一边，缓冲垫对压电元件起到缓冲作用，避免电机总成施加给压电元件的力过大而导致压电元件损坏。
可选地，所述电机总成包括底座，所述压电元件的两侧分别抵接于所述底座和所述缓冲垫，所述缓冲垫背向所述压电元件的一侧还设置有外端盖，所述外端盖固定设置，所述缓冲垫安装固定在所述外端盖上。
通过采用上述方案，利用底座和外端盖将压电元件和缓冲垫保护在两者之间，使得压电元件和缓冲垫不易受到外部影响。
可选地，所述外端盖上设置有嵌槽，所述缓冲垫嵌设在所述嵌槽内。
通过采用上述方案，在外端盖上设置嵌槽以嵌设缓冲垫，方便定位缓冲垫，防止缓冲垫的位置发生偏移。
可选地，所述外端盖上设置有连接柱，所述底座上对应设置有穿孔，所述连接柱嵌设在所述穿孔内，所述外端盖和所述底座之间留有间隙。
通过采用上述方案，方便定位外端盖和底座的相对位置，使得压电元件和缓冲垫位于指定位置。
可选地，还包括外套管，所述电机总成周向固定在所述外套管内，所述丝杆包括一级丝杆和二级丝杆，所述螺母包括一级螺母和二级螺母，所述外套管内设置有驱动铝管，所述驱动铝管由所述电机总成直接驱动旋转，所述一级丝杆套接在所述驱动铝管内并与其周向固定，所述一级丝杆内部空心，所述二级丝杆套接在所述一级丝杆内，所述一级螺母套接在所述一级丝杆外并与其螺纹连接，所述一级螺母与所述外套管固定连接，所述二级螺母固定连接于所述一级丝杆，所述二级螺母套接在所述二级丝杆上并与其螺纹连接，所述二级丝杆的端部固定连接有外顶板，所述外顶板上固定连接有外管，所述外管套接在所述外套管外并与其周向固定。
通过采用上述方案，电机总成直接带动驱动铝管转动，外套管和电机总成固定连接，一级螺母又与外套管固定连接，一级丝杆与驱动铝管周向固定，所以一级丝杆随着驱动铝管一同转动，一级丝杆转动过程中与一级螺母构成丝杆螺母机构，使得一级丝杆沿着轴向伸缩，同理，一级丝杆带动二级螺母转动，二级丝杆由于外顶板和外管的限位而无法转动，使得二级螺母和二级丝杆之间构成丝杆螺母机构，使得二级丝杆同时沿着轴向伸缩，同理可以设置多根丝杆同时进行伸缩；同时，由于一级丝杆与一级螺母构成丝杆螺母机构，一级螺 母又与外套管固定连接，所以在丝杆受到阻碍时，力从丝杆上传导到一级螺母和外套管上，力由外套管内进行传导，电机总成被保护在外套管内，从而可以有效保护电机总成。
可选地，所述外管内还依次套接有中管和内管，所述外套管套接在所述内管内，所述二级螺母轴向固定于所述中管的一端，所述二级螺母与所述中管转动连接，所述内管的端部固定连接有内顶板，所述外端盖与所述外顶板固定连接，所述外管滑动连接于所述中管的外壁，所述中管滑动连接于所述内管的外壁。
通过采用上述方案，设置中管和内管，使得一级丝杆和二级丝杆在伸缩过程中都被管包住，起到保护致动器内部结构的作用。
可选地，所述中管和所述内管的外壁上皆安装固定有滑块。
通过采用上述方案，方便一级丝杆和二级丝杆伸缩过程中外管与中管之间、中管与内管之间相对滑动。
可选地，所述外管和所述中管的端部皆安装固定有衬套。
通过采用上述方案，设置衬套进行密封，避免杂质进入到致动器内部。
综上所述，本申请具有以下有益效果：
1、实时监测电机总成所受到的反作用力，避免致动器因受到阻碍而过载和受损；
2、可以设置多根丝杆，同步进行伸缩，使得致动器的控制距离大。
附图说明
图1是实施例的总体结构示意图；
图2是图1中A部分的放大图；
图3是图1中B部分的放大图；
图4是图1中C部分的放大图；
图5是实施例的部分结构爆炸图。
附图标记：1、电机总成；2、丝杆；3、螺母；4、压电元件；5、缓冲垫；6、底座；7、外端盖；8、嵌槽；9、连接柱；10、穿孔；11、外套管；12、一级丝杆；13、二级丝杆；14、一级螺母；15、二级螺母；16、驱动铝管；17、外顶板；18、外管；19、中管；20、内管；21、内顶板；22、滑块；23、衬套；24、连接件；25、滑动卡环；26、中管座；27、滑动圈。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图1-5对本申请作进一步详细说明。
本发明实施例公开了一种线性致动器，如图1所示，包括电机总成1，电机总成1可 以是电机和行星齿轮组，也可以单单就是电机，本实施例中为电机和行星齿轮组的组合，同时，设置有至少一根丝杆2，本实施例中丝杆2设置有两根，分别为一级丝杆12和二级丝杆13，设置有两个螺母3，分别为一级螺母14和二级螺母15，由电机总成1提供动力，一级螺母14和一级丝杆12之间构成丝杠螺母3机构，二级螺母15和二级丝杆13之间构成丝杠螺母3机构，在一级螺母14、二级螺母15相对于一级丝杆12、二级丝杆13转动时，一级丝杆12和二级丝杆13则可以对应伸缩。
结合图1和图3所示，行星齿轮组为行星减速器，电机转轴经过行星齿轮组的减速后连接有连接件24，一级丝杆12和二级丝杆13外套接有驱动铝管16，一级丝杆12套接在驱动铝管16内，一级丝杆12内部中空，并且二级丝杆13套接在一级丝杆12内，连接件24套接在驱动铝管16的一端，在驱动铝管16的外壁上设置有沿其轴向设置的凹槽，在连接件24的内壁上对应设置有凸起，凸起嵌设在凹槽内，从而使得连接件24和驱动铝管16周向固定，在电机总成1工作时，通过连接件24的传动，能够带动驱动铝管16转动。
在一级丝杆12和驱动铝管16之间设置有滑动卡环25，滑动卡环25套接在一级丝杆12的端部，并且一级丝杆12上设置有孔，滑动卡环25部分嵌入孔内，从而使得滑动卡环25和一级丝杆12相对固定，在驱动铝管16的内壁上也设置有沿其轴向设置的凹槽，滑动卡环25的外壁上也设置有凸起，凸起嵌设在凹槽内，使得滑动卡环25和驱动铝管16周向固定。
结合图1和图4所示，电机总成1外套接有外套管11，外套管11的内壁上设置有沿其轴向设置的凹槽，电机总成1的外壁上对应设置有凸起，凸起嵌设在凹槽内，使得外套管11和电机总成1周向固定，一级螺母14设置在驱动铝管16背离连接件24的一端，并且一级螺母14固定连接在外套管11上，一级螺母14套接在一级丝杆12上并与其螺纹连接。
当电机总成1工作时，电机总成1的转轴带动连接件24转动，由于连接件24和驱动铝管16周向固定，使得驱动铝管16随之转动；而滑动卡环25又固定在一级丝杆12上，滑动卡环25和驱动铝管16周向固定，但是滑动卡环25又可以沿着驱动铝管16的轴向滑动，所以在驱动铝管16转动时一级丝杆12随之转动；由于外套管11和电机总成1周向固定，并且一级螺母14卡接固定在外套管11的一端，所以一级螺母14相对于电机总成1不转动，则在一级丝杆12转动时一级螺母14不转动，一级螺母14和一级丝杆12之间构成丝杠螺母机构，使得一级丝杆12沿轴向移动，即一级丝杆12伸缩，此时滑动卡环25沿驱动铝管16的轴向滑动。
结合图2和图5所示，电机总成1设置有底座6，底座6部分套接在外套管11内， 底座6一侧设置有外端盖7，外端盖7固定连接在外套管11上，并且底座6部分被限位夹在外套管11的端壁和外端盖7之间；外端盖7上设置有多根连接柱9，底座6上对应设置有多个穿孔10，连接柱9穿过穿孔10，并且连接柱9上设置有螺纹孔，螺纹孔内螺纹连接有螺栓，螺栓上套接有垫片，垫片压住底座6，外端盖7和底座6之间留有间隙。在底座6和外端盖7之间设置有压电元件4，压电元件4与底座6抵接，并且压电元件4背向底座6的一侧抵接有缓冲垫5，外端盖7上设置有嵌槽8，缓冲垫5嵌设在嵌槽8内。
在致动器运动受阻时，力通过一级丝杆12传递到一级螺母14上，再从一级螺母14传递到外套管11上，外套管11的受力再传递到底座6上，使得底座6向外端盖7侧移动以压迫压电元件4，此时驱动铝管16和电机总成1设置在外套管11内，三者轴向保持不动，或者说三者是一同轴向移动的，所以力是通过外套管11传递给底座6，再带动底座6向外端盖7移动，使得压电元件4受到挤压而引起读数变化。
结合图1和图4所示，二级螺母15固定连接在一级丝杆12背离滑动卡环25的一端，二级螺母15套接在二级丝杆13的一端并与其螺纹连接，二级丝杆13背离二级螺母15的一端固定有滑动圈27，滑动圈27套接在一级丝杆12内。二级丝杆13连接有二级螺母15的一端通过螺栓固定连接有外顶板17，并且二级丝杆13的端部为非圆形而与外顶板17周向固定，外顶板17上固定连接有外管18，外管18套接在外套管11外以起到保护作用，外管18内依次套接有中管19和内管20，外套管11套接在内管20内，外管18、中管19和内管20皆为方管，所以三者皆和电机总成1周向固定，当二级螺母15随着一级丝杆12一同转动时，二级丝杆13受到外顶板17和外管18的限制而周向固定，二级螺母15和二级丝杆13之间构成丝杠螺母机构，使得二级丝杆13同时伸缩，一级丝杆12和二级丝杆13同时伸出或缩回。
结合图3和图5所示，内管20的一端内部固定连接有内顶板21，内顶板21上也设置有多个穿孔10，外端盖7上的连接柱9穿过穿孔10并螺纹连接有螺栓，螺栓上套接有垫片并压住内顶板21，则内管20和电机总成1周向固定，并且外端盖7和内顶板21抵接。
在安装时，内管20或内顶板21安装固定，电机总成1工作以驱动一级丝杆12和二级丝杆13伸出，外顶板17和外管18随之移动，当移动受到阻碍时，或者说一级丝杆12和二级丝杆13的伸出受到阻碍时，反作用力作用到电机总成1和外套管11上，通过底座6的传递而挤压压电元件4，从而通过压电元件4的数据读数即可反应出电机总成1所受的反作用力大小，及时关闭电机总成1或采取其他措施，避免电机总成1过载和损坏。
结合图1和图4所示，中管19的端部安装固定有中管座26，二级螺母15转动连接 在中管座26上，二级丝杆13伸出时，带动外顶板17和外管18移动；一级丝杆12伸出时，带动中管19移动；从而使得二级丝杆13始终保护在外管18和外套管11内，一级丝杆12始终保护在中管19和外套管11内。
结合图1和图2所示，为了减小外管18、中管19伸缩时的摩擦，在中管19的外壁和内管20的外壁上皆安装固定了滑块22，外管18伸缩时与滑块22滑动连接，中管19伸缩时与滑块22滑动连接。
为了避免杂质从外管18和中管19之间的间隙、中管19和内管20之间的间隙进入，亦为了避免外管18和中管19在伸缩时因间隙而摆动不稳，在外管18背离外顶板17的一端、中管19背离二级螺母15的一端皆安装固定了衬套23，外管18上的衬套23滑动连接在中管19上，中管19上的衬套23滑动连接在内管20上。
本具体实施例仅仅是对本申请的解释，其并不是对本申请的限制，本领域技术人员在阅读完本说明书后可以根据需要对本实施例做出没有创造性贡献的修改，但只要在本申请的权利要求范围内都受到专利法的保护。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种线性致动器，包括电机总成(1)，以及至少一根丝杆(2)，所述丝杆(2)周向固定，且所述丝杆(2)外螺纹连接有螺母(3)，所述电机总成(1)驱动所述丝杆(2)和所述螺母(3)相对旋转，所述丝杆(2)由所述电机总成(1)驱动而沿自身轴向移动，其特征在于：所述电机总成(1)的一侧设置有压电元件(4)，所述电机总成(1)驱动所述丝杆(2)移动时直接或间接给所述压电元件(4)施加作用力。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种线性致动器，其特征在于：所述压电元件(4)的一侧设置有缓冲垫(5)，所述压电元件(4)的受力直接或间接作用于所述缓冲垫(5)。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种线性致动器，其特征在于：所述电机总成(1)包括底座(6)，所述压电元件(4)的两侧分别抵接于所述底座(6)和所述缓冲垫(5)，所述缓冲垫(5)背向所述压电元件(4)的一侧还设置有外端盖(7)，所述外端盖(7)固定设置，所述缓冲垫(5)安装固定在所述外端盖(7)上。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种线性致动器，其特征在于：所述外端盖(7)上设置有嵌槽(8)，所述缓冲垫(5)嵌设在所述嵌槽(8)内。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的一种线性致动器，其特征在于：所述外端盖(7)上设置有连接柱(9)，所述底座(6)上对应设置有穿孔(10)，所述连接柱(9)嵌设在所述穿孔(10)内，所述外端盖(7)和所述底座(6)之间留有间隙。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种线性致动器，其特征在于：还包括外套管(11)，所述电机总成(1)周向固定在所述外套管(11)内，所述丝杆(2)包括一级丝杆(12)和二级丝杆(13)，所述螺母(3)包括一级螺母(14)和二级螺母(15)，所述外套管(11)内设置有驱动铝管(16)，所述驱动铝管(16)由所述电机总成(1)直接驱动旋转，所述一级丝杆(12)套接在所述驱动铝管(16)内并与其周向固定，所述一级丝杆(12)内部空心，所述二级丝杆(13)套接在所述一级丝杆(12)内，所述一级螺母(14)套接在所述一级丝杆(12)外并与其螺纹连接，所述一级螺母(14)与所述外套管(11)固定连接，所述二级螺母(15)固定连接于所述一级丝杆(12)，所述二级螺母(15)套接在所述二级丝杆(13)上并与其螺纹连接，所述二级丝杆(13)的端部固定连接有外顶板(17)，所述外顶板(17)上固定连接有外管(18)，所述外管(18)套接在所述外套管(11)外并与其周向固定。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种线性致动器，其特征在于：所述外管(18)内还依次套接有中管(19)和内管(20)，所述外套管(11)套接在所述内管(20)内，所述二级螺母(15)轴向固定于所述中管(19)的一端，所述二级螺母(15)与所述中管(19)转动连 接，所述内管(20)的端部固定连接有内顶板(21)，所述外端盖(7)与所述外顶板(17)固定连接，所述外管(18)滑动连接于所述中管(19)的外壁，所述中管(19)滑动连接于所述内管(20)的外壁。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的一种线性致动器，其特征在于：所述中管(19)和所述内管(20)的外壁上皆安装固定有滑块(22)。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的一种线性致动器，其特征在于：所述外管(18)和所述中管(19)的端部皆安装固定有衬套(23)。
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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050012430A1 (en) * 2001-12-13 2005-01-20 Jeppe Bastholm Adjustable construction preferably an article of furniture and a squeeze protection and a drive unit thereto
CN102056514A (zh) * 2008-06-06 2011-05-11 利纳克有限公司 线性致动器
CN202100671U (zh) * 2011-06-17 2012-01-04 宁波迪麦格磁电科技有限公司 电动推杆

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050012430A1 (en) * 2001-12-13 2005-01-20 Jeppe Bastholm Adjustable construction preferably an article of furniture and a squeeze protection and a drive unit thereto
CN102056514A (zh) * 2008-06-06 2011-05-11 利纳克有限公司 线性致动器
CN202100671U (zh) * 2011-06-17 2012-01-04 宁波迪麦格磁电科技有限公司 电动推杆

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