WO2023033429A1 - 절연 및 열발산 특성이 우수한 파우치형 이차전지 - Google Patents
절연 및 열발산 특성이 우수한 파우치형 이차전지 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023033429A1 WO2023033429A1 PCT/KR2022/012497 KR2022012497W WO2023033429A1 WO 2023033429 A1 WO2023033429 A1 WO 2023033429A1 KR 2022012497 W KR2022012497 W KR 2022012497W WO 2023033429 A1 WO2023033429 A1 WO 2023033429A1
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- Prior art keywords
- electrode assembly
- pouch
- insulating coating
- secondary battery
- coating layer
- Prior art date
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Images
Classifications
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- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
- H01M50/24—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries from their environment, e.g. from corrosion
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- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/651—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by parameters specified by a numeric value or mathematical formula, e.g. ratios, sizes or concentrations
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- H01M10/653—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by electrically insulating or thermally conductive materials
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- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
- H01M50/105—Pouches or flexible bags
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a pouch type secondary battery having excellent insulation and heat dissipation characteristics.
- Secondary batteries whose usage has recently been increasing, are trending toward increasing demand for prismatic secondary batteries and pouch-type secondary batteries that can be applied to products such as mobile phones with a thin thickness in terms of battery shape, and high energy density in terms of materials
- Electrodes are also classified according to the structure of the electrode assembly of the cathode/separator/cathode structure.
- These electrode assemblies include a jelly-roll (wound type) electrode assembly having a structure in which long sheet-shaped positive electrodes and negative electrodes are wound with a separator interposed therebetween, and a plurality of positive electrodes and negative electrodes cut in units of a predetermined size with a separator interposed therebetween.
- a stack type (laminated type) electrode assembly sequentially stacked in a state, a structure in which positive and negative electrodes of a predetermined unit are stacked with a separator interposed therebetween, and bi-cells or full cells are wound with a separator film. and stack/folding type electrode assemblies.
- a pouch-type battery having a structure in which a stacked or stacked/folding type electrode assembly is embedded in a pouch-type battery case of an aluminum laminate sheet has attracted a lot of attention due to low manufacturing cost, small weight, and easy shape deformation. , usage is also gradually increasing.
- a pouch-type secondary battery 100 includes an electrode assembly 20, an electrode tab 50 extending from the electrode assembly 20, and an electrode lead 40 welded to the electrode tab 50. ), and a battery case 10 accommodating the electrode assembly 20.
- a lead insulation coating part 60 is attached to a part of the upper and lower surfaces of the electrode lead 40 to increase the degree of sealing with the battery case 10 and at the same time secure an electrical insulation state.
- Such a pouch-type battery is manufactured by accommodating the electrode assembly in a laminate sheet, injecting an electrolyte solution, and sealing it by thermal fusion, etc. Excessive melting and/or pressurization of the innermost resin layer of the sheet may cause the resin layer to protrude to the outside. Contamination of the sealing part or external protrusion of the inner resin layer acts as a cause of incomplete sealing, and defects in the sealing part cause serious problems such as moisture permeation and electrolyte leakage.
- a pouch-type battery causes insulation breakdown by exposing a metal layer at an end of a laminate sheet, which is a battery case.
- the present invention was made to solve the above problems of the prior art,
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a pouch-type secondary battery having improved heat dissipation characteristics of a sealing portion.
- a pouch-type battery case including an electrode assembly accommodating portion and a sealing portion
- An electrode assembly accommodated in the accommodating unit includes,
- the sealing part includes a bent part in which the sealing part is bent in the direction of the electrode assembly accommodating part,
- An insulating coating layer is bonded to the inner and outer surfaces of the electrode assembly accommodating part of the bent part and to the end surface of the bent part forming the boundary between the inner and outer surfaces,
- the outer surface of the insulating coating layer bonded to the inner surface of the bent portion is bonded to the outer surface of the electrode assembly housing wall
- the insulating coating layer includes a binder and heat-dissipating particles having a thermal conductivity of 0.2 W/(mk) or more, but the joint adhered to the outer surface of the electrode assembly accommodating part wall does not contain heat-dissipating particles. do.
- the bonding portion may have a thickness of 1 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m from the outer surface of the electrode assembly accommodating part wall.
- the inner and outer surfaces of the electrode assembly accommodating part of the bent part, and the insulating coating layer of the end surface of the bent part forming the boundary between the inner and outer surfaces may be formed by being connected to each other.
- the inner and outer surfaces of the electrode assembly accommodating part of the bent part, and the insulating coating layer of the end surface of the bent part forming the boundary between the inner and outer surfaces are bonded by bending the insulating coating film.
- the adhesion of the insulating coating film may be made by thermal fusion.
- the sealing part further includes a terrace part positioned in a direction parallel to an upper surface or a lower surface of the electrode assembly accommodating part,
- An insulating coating layer is further laminated in the space formed between the terrace portion and the outer surface of the electrode assembly accommodating portion wall,
- the insulating coating layer may include a binder and heat dissipating particles having a thermal conductivity of 0.2 W/(mk) or more, but a junction bonded to an outer surface of the electrode assembly accommodating part wall may not include heat dissipating particles.
- the bonding portion may have a thickness of 1 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m from the outer surface of the electrode assembly accommodating part wall.
- the height of the insulating coating layer may be formed equal to or lower than the height of the wall of the electrode assembly accommodating part.
- an electrode lead may be positioned at the front end of the terrace part.
- the portion including the heat dissipating particles in the insulating coating layer may include 10 to 90 wt % of the binder and 10 to 90 wt % of the heat dissipating particles.
- the heat dissipating particles may have an average particle diameter of 0.1 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m.
- the bent portion may include a portion folded in two or more layers by folding the sealing portion.
- the pouch-type secondary battery of the present invention provides excellent sealability and excellent insulation characteristics, and in particular, excellent heat dissipation characteristics.
- the pouch type secondary battery of the present invention provides an effect of significantly improving the safety of the battery.
- FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a conventional pouch-type secondary battery
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view schematically showing an embodiment of a pouch-type secondary battery of the present invention
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the A-A section of the pouch-type secondary battery of FIG. 2;
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the shape of a film for insulation coating as an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 5 is a perspective view schematically showing an embodiment of a pouch-type secondary battery of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the BB section of the pouch-type secondary battery of FIG. 5;
- FIG. 7 is a perspective view schematically showing the shape of a bar for insulation coating as an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG 8 to 10 are cross-sectional views schematically showing one embodiment of the pouch type secondary battery of the present invention.
- FIGS. 2 and 5 are perspective views schematically showing an embodiment of the pouch-type secondary battery of the present invention.
- the pouch-type secondary battery 100 of the present invention includes a pouch-type battery case 10 including an electrode assembly accommodating part 11 and a sealing part 12; And an electrode assembly 20 accommodated in the accommodating part 11; includes,
- the sealing part 12 includes a bent part 12-1 in which the sealing part is bent in the direction of the electrode assembly accommodating part 11,
- An insulating coating layer 30 is bonded to the inner and outer surfaces of the bent part 12-1 based on the electrode assembly accommodating part 11, and the end surface of the bent part forming the boundary between the inner and outer surfaces,
- the outer surface of the insulating coating layer 30 bonded to the inner surface of the bent part 12-1 is bonded to the outer surface of the wall of the electrode assembly accommodating part 11,
- the insulating coating layer 30 includes a binder and heat dissipating particles 32 having a thermal conductivity of 0.2 W/(mk) or more, and the bonding portion 30a adhered to the outer surface of the electrode assembly accommodating part wall includes heat dissipating particles ( 32) is characterized in that it does not include.
- the present invention has the characteristics of significantly improving heat dissipation characteristics as well as improving sealing properties and insulation characteristics of the sealing portion.
- the insulating layer formed on the conventional sealing part includes heat dissipating particles as a whole, it has a disadvantage in that it does not maintain an adhesive state for a long period of time due to insufficient adhesion to the pouch-type battery case.
- the present invention has technical features that solve the problems of the prior art as described above.
- the bonding portion 30a may have a thickness of 1 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m, preferably 5 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m, from the outer surface of the wall of the electrode assembly accommodating portion 11 .
- the thickness of the bonding portion 30a is less than 1 ⁇ m, adhesive strength is reduced, and when the thickness exceeds 100 ⁇ m, the heat dissipation effect is reduced.
- the inner and outer surfaces of the electrode assembly accommodating part 11 of the bent part 12-1 and the insulating coating layer 30 on the end surface of the bent part forming the boundary between the inner and outer surfaces may be connected to each other. there is.
- the inner and outer surfaces of the electrode assembly accommodating part 11 of the bent part and the insulating coating layer 30 on the end surface of the bent part forming the boundary between the inner and outer surfaces are for insulating coating as shown in FIG.
- the film 34 may be bent and adhered. At this time, the bent portion of the insulating coating film 34 may be adhered to the end surface of the bent portion forming the boundary between the inner and outer surfaces.
- Adhesion of the insulating coating film 34 may be performed by thermal fusion.
- the insulating coating film 34 may be manufactured in the form illustrated in FIG. 4 .
- the film 34 for insulation coating is prepared by preparing a heat dissipating composition for insulation coating including, for example, a binder and heat dissipating particles having a thermal conductivity of 0.2 W/(mk) or more, coating it on a substrate, and curing the first heat dissipating composition. After forming the coating layer, the upper surface of the first coating layer may be partitioned, and the heat dissipating composition for insulating coating may be coated on a portion, and the binder composition may be coated on the remaining portion and cured.
- the production of the insulating coating film 34 may be performed by a known extrusion (injection) method.
- the upper surface of the first coating layer may be partitioned, and the binder composition may be coated on only a part (joint portion 30a) and cured.
- the film for insulation coating 34 The production of may be performed by a known extrusion (injection) method.
- the thickness of the insulating coating film 34 may be 20 ⁇ m to 1 mm, preferably 40 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m.
- the sealing part 12 further includes a terrace part (non-bent part) positioned in a direction parallel to the upper or lower surface of the electrode assembly accommodating part 11, and at this time, As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 , the insulating coating layer 30 ′ may be further stacked in a space formed between the terrace portion and the outer surface of the wall of the electrode assembly accommodating portion 11 .
- the insulating coating layer 30' includes a binder and heat dissipating particles 32 having a thermal conductivity of 0.2 W/(mk) or more, and the bonding portion 30'a adhered to the outer surface of the electrode assembly housing wall It may be of a type that does not include the diverging particles 32 .
- the bonding portion 30a may have a thickness of 1 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m, preferably 5 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m, from the outer surface of the wall of the electrode assembly accommodating portion 11 .
- the thickness of the bonding portion 30a is less than 1 ⁇ m, adhesive strength is reduced, and when the thickness exceeds 100 ⁇ m, the heat dissipation effect is reduced.
- the insulating coating layer 30' may be formed in a shape suitable for a space formed between the terrace portion and the outer surface of the electrode assembly accommodating portion wall 11, for example, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, a square shape. It may be formed in a shape similar to a pillar, but is not limited thereto.
- the insulating coating layer 30' may be formed using an insulating coating bar 36 as shown in FIG. 7 .
- the bar 36 for insulation coating may have a shape similar to a square pillar, but may have an appropriate shape depending on the shape of a pouch-type battery case.
- the bonding of the insulating coating bar 36 may be performed by thermal fusion, or it is also possible to bond using a separate adhesive.
- the insulating coating layer 30' is formed only on the terrace in the direction where the electrode lead 40 is located, or as shown in FIG. Likewise, the electrode lead 40 may be formed on both the terrace portion in the direction in which it is located and the terrace portion opposite to the terrace portion.
- the insulating coating layer 30' may be formed to cover the front end of the terrace part, and part or all of the front end of the terrace part and the lower surface of the terrace part. It may be formed in the form of covering.
- the height of the insulating coating layer 30 ' may be equal to or lower than the height of the wall 11 of the electrode assembly accommodating part.
- the electrode lead 40 may be positioned at the front end of the terrace part.
- the heat dissipating particle having portions 30b and 30'b of the insulating coating layers 30 and 30' contain 10 to 90 wt% of a binder and 10 to 90 wt% of heat dissipating particles. preferably 30 to 70% by weight of the binder and 30 to 70% by weight of the heat dissipating particles, more preferably 40 to 60% by weight of the binder and 40 to 60% by weight of the heat dissipating particles It may contain divergent particles. In addition to the above components, known components used for insulating coating in this field may be further included.
- the heat dissipating particles are included in less than 10% by weight, it is difficult to expect a heat dissipation effect, and if the content exceeds 90% by weight, the adhesiveness of the insulating coating layers 30 and 30' may deteriorate, which is not preferable.
- a photo-curable polymer or a thermo-curable polymer may be used as the binder.
- the polymers include polyurethane resins, polyethylene resins, polypropylene resins, polybutylene resins, polystyrene resins, polyethylene terephthalate resins, polycarbonate resins, polybutadiene resins, unsaturated polyester resins, polyimide resins, and polyacrylates.
- a resin or the like may be used alone or in a mixed form of two or more, but is not limited thereto.
- Examples of the polyacrylate-based resin include polyester acrylate, epoxy acrylate, and urethane acrylate.
- Examples of the heat dissipating particles having a thermal conductivity of 0.2 W/(mk) or more include aluminum, carbon, copper, chromium, titanium, and stainless steel particles, and these may be used alone or in combination of two or more. .
- the heat dissipating particles may have an average particle diameter of 0.1 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m, but are not limited to this range.
- the heat dissipating particles may preferably have electrical conductivity of 0.2 S/cm or less. When the electrical conductivity is greater than the above range, it is not preferable because insulation may be deteriorated.
- the junctions 30a and 30'a of the insulating coating layers 30 and 30' to the outer surface of the electrode assembly housing wall that do not contain heat dissipating particles are formed with a binder and It may include additives commonly used to improve adhesion, and may be composed of only the above-exemplified binder.
- the sealing part 12 as shown in FIGS. 2, 3, and 8, includes a bent part 12-1 in which the sealing part is bent toward the electrode assembly accommodating part. can do.
- the bent part 12-1 may be bent at an angle of 80 degrees to 180 degrees, preferably at an angle of 85 degrees to 145 degrees, and more preferably at an angle of 90 degrees to 100 degrees based on the non-bent part of the sealing part.
- the bent portion 12-1 may include a portion folded in two or more layers by folding the sealing portion.
- the electrode assembly 20 may be used without limitation in a form known in the art, a detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- the electrode assembly 20 is not particularly limited as long as it has a structure in which an anode and a cathode are formed by connecting a plurality of electrode tabs, and preferably has a folding structure, a stacked structure, a stack / It may have a folding type structure or a lamination-stack type structure.
- the battery case 10 may be a pouch-type case made of a laminate sheet including a metal layer and a resin layer, for example, an aluminum laminate sheet, and including an electrode assembly accommodating part and a sealing part.
- the battery case 10 may be made of a laminate sheet of one unit.
- a case body portion including an electrode assembly accommodating portion around a bent portion and a cover portion coupled to the case body so as to surround the electrode assembly accommodating portion are formed.
- a terrace portion in which electrode terminals having a structure in which an electrode tab protruding from the electrode assembly and an electrode lead are combined may be positioned at a portion opposite to the bent portion of the laminate sheet, and side surfaces respectively adjacent to both ends of the terrace portion are positioned.
- a sealing unit may be located.
- a bent portion may be formed on the side sealing portion.
- a heat dissipating composition for insulation coating was prepared by adding a polyurethane binder and an aluminum/carbon composite (particle size: 0.1 ⁇ m) with heat dissipating particles having a thermal conductivity of 0.2 W/(mk) or more in a weight ratio of 1:9 to an acetone solvent.
- a binder composition for insulating coating was prepared by adding a polyurethane binder to an acetone solvent.
- the heat dissipating composition for insulating coating was applied to a substrate and cured to form a first coating layer.
- the upper surface of the first coating layer is partitioned according to the shape of the film for insulation coating shown in FIG. 5, the portion to be bonded to the outer surface of the electrode assembly housing wall is coated with the binder composition for insulation coating, and The portion was coated with the heat dissipating composition for insulation coating and cured to prepare a film for insulation coating as shown in FIG. 4 .
- the heat dissipating composition for insulating coating prepared in Example 1 was applied to the same thickness as the film for insulating coating prepared in Example 1, and cured to prepare a film for insulating coating.
- Example 2 Formation of an insulating layer for the sealing portion of a pouch-type secondary battery
- Example 1 Of the sealing portion of the pouch-type battery case in which the electrode assembly is accommodated, a portion of the electrode assembly accommodating portion was left, and the remaining portion was bent at 90 degrees toward the electrode assembly accommodating portion to form a bent portion. Thereafter, the film for insulating coating prepared in Example 1 was bent and then heat-sealed to form an insulating coating layer as shown in FIG. 2 .
- Comparative Example 2 Formation of an insulating layer for the sealing part of a pouch-type secondary battery
- An insulating coating layer was formed in the same manner as in Example 2, except that the film for insulating coating prepared in Preparation Example 1 was used.
- Test Example 1 Evaluation of adhesive performance of insulating coating layer
- sealing part 12-1 bending part
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- Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
72 시간 후 | 360 시간 후 | |
실시예 2 파우치형 이차전지의 절연 코팅층 상태 | 이상 없음 | 이상 없음 |
비교예 2 파우치형 이차전지의 절연 코팅층 상태 | 절연 코팅층 중 전극 조립체 수납부 벽체의 외부면에 접착된 접합부에 틈이 발생함 | 절연 코팅층 중 전극 조립체 수납부 벽체의 외부면에 접착된 접합부 중 50%가 탈락됨 |
Claims (12)
- 전극조립체 수납부 및 실링부를 포함하는 파우치형 전지케이스; 및상기 수납부에 수용된 전극조립체;를 포함하며,상기 실링부는 실링부를 전극조립체 수납부 방향으로 절곡시킨 절곡부를 포함하며,상기 절곡부의 전극조립체 수납부 기준 내측면, 외측면, 및 상기 내측면과 외측면의 경계를 이루는 절곡부 단부면에는 절연 코팅층이 접합되며,상기 절곡부의 내측면에 접합된 절연 코팅층의 외부면은 상기 전극 조립체 수납부 벽체의 외부면에 접합되며,상기 절연 코팅층은 바인더와 열전도도가 0.2 W/(mk) 이상인 열발산 입자를 포함하되, 상기 전극 조립체 수납부 벽체의 외부면에 접착된 접합부는 열발산 입자를 포함하지 않는 파우치형 이차전지.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 접합부는 상기 전극 조립체 수납부 벽체의 외부면으로부터 1㎛ 내지 100㎛의 두께를 갖는 것을 특징으로 하는 파우치형 이차전지.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 절곡부의 전극조립체 수납부 기준 내측면, 외측면, 및 상기 내측면과 외측면의 경계를 이루는 절곡부 단부면의 절연 코팅층은 서로 연결된 것을 특징으로 하는 파우치형 이차전지.
- 제3항에 있어서,상기 절곡부의 전극조립체 수납부 기준 내측면, 외측면, 및 상기 내측면과 외측면의 경계를 이루는 절곡부 단부면의 절연 코팅층은 절연코팅용 필름을 절곡시켜 접착시킨 것을 특징으로 하는 파우치형 이차전지.
- 제4항에 있어서,상기 절연코팅용 필름의 접착은 열융착에 의해 이루어진 것을 특징으로 하는 파우치형 이차전지.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 실링부는 전극조립체 수납부의 상부면 또는 하부면과 평행한 방향으로 위치되는 테라스부를 더 포함하며,상기 테라스부와 전극조립체 수납부 벽체 외부면 사이에 형성된 공간에 절연 코팅층이 더 적층되며,상기 절연 코팅층은 바인더와 열전도도가 0.2 W/(mk) 이상인 열발산 입자를 포함하되, 상기 전극 조립체 수납부 벽체의 외부면에 접착된 접합부는 열발산 입자를 포함하지 않는 파우치형 이차전지.
- 제6항에 있어서,상기 접합부는 상기 전극 조립체 수납부 벽체의 외부면으로부터 1㎛ 내지 100㎛의 두께를 갖는 것을 특징으로 하는 파우치형 이차전지.
- 제6항에 있어서,상기 절연 코팅층의 높이는 상기 전극조립체 수납부 벽체의 높이와 같거나 낮은 것을 특징으로 하는 파우치형 이차전지.
- 제8항에 있어서,상기 테라스부 선단에는 전극리드가 위치하는 것을 특징으로 하는 파우치형 이차전지.
- 제1항 또는 제6항에 있어서,상기 절연 코팅층 중 열발산 입자를 포함하는 부분은 10 내지 90 중량%의 바인더와 10 내지 90 중량%의 열발산 입자를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 파우치형 이차전지.
- 제10항에 있어서,상기 열발산 입자는 평균 입경이 0.1 ㎛ 내지 10 ㎛인 것을 특징으로 하는 파우치형 이차전지.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 절곡부는 실링부를 접어서 2겹 이상으로 포갠 부분을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 파우치형 이차전지.
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP22864933.1A EP4293797A1 (en) | 2021-08-31 | 2022-08-22 | Pouch-type secondary battery having excellent insulation and heat dissipation properties |
US18/270,134 US20240072353A1 (en) | 2021-08-31 | 2022-08-22 | Pouch-Type Secondary Battery With Excellent Insulation And Heat-Dissipating Properties |
JP2023538826A JP2024501523A (ja) | 2021-08-31 | 2022-08-22 | 絶縁及び熱発散特性が優れたパウチ型二次電池 |
CN202280008458.4A CN116802893A (zh) | 2021-08-31 | 2022-08-22 | 具有优异的绝缘和散热特性的软包型二次电池 |
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KR20210115869 | 2021-08-31 | ||
KR10-2021-0115869 | 2021-08-31 | ||
KR1020220088456A KR20230032880A (ko) | 2021-08-31 | 2022-07-18 | 절연 및 열발산 특성이 우수한 파우치형 이차전지 |
KR10-2022-0088456 | 2022-07-18 |
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- 2022-08-22 WO PCT/KR2022/012497 patent/WO2023033429A1/ko active Application Filing
- 2022-08-22 JP JP2023538826A patent/JP2024501523A/ja active Pending
- 2022-08-22 EP EP22864933.1A patent/EP4293797A1/en active Pending
- 2022-08-22 US US18/270,134 patent/US20240072353A1/en active Pending
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