WO2023032970A1 - 制御システム、制御方法および制御プログラム - Google Patents
制御システム、制御方法および制御プログラム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023032970A1 WO2023032970A1 PCT/JP2022/032564 JP2022032564W WO2023032970A1 WO 2023032970 A1 WO2023032970 A1 WO 2023032970A1 JP 2022032564 W JP2022032564 W JP 2022032564W WO 2023032970 A1 WO2023032970 A1 WO 2023032970A1
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- Prior art keywords
- work machine
- virtual wall
- coordinate system
- vehicle body
- bucket
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 abstract description 20
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 18
- 230000015654 memory Effects 0.000 description 17
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004549 pulsed laser deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/2025—Particular purposes of control systems not otherwise provided for
- E02F9/2033—Limiting the movement of frames or implements, e.g. to avoid collision between implements and the cabin
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/26—Indicating devices
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
- E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
- E02F3/28—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets
- E02F3/36—Component parts
- E02F3/42—Drives for dippers, buckets, dipper-arms or bucket-arms
- E02F3/43—Control of dipper or bucket position; Control of sequence of drive operations
- E02F3/435—Control of dipper or bucket position; Control of sequence of drive operations for dipper-arms, backhoes or the like
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
- B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
- B60Y2200/40—Special vehicles
- B60Y2200/41—Construction vehicles, e.g. graders, excavators
- B60Y2200/412—Excavators
Definitions
- a known technique is to set virtual walls in space to limit the range of motion of work machines.
- the control device of the work machine can control the work machine so as not to exceed the virtual wall by limiting the amount of movement of the actuator of the work machine according to the distance between the virtual wall and the work machine.
- the virtual wall when the virtual wall is set in the vehicle body coordinate system with the rotating body as a reference, the virtual wall set in the vehicle body coordinate system follows the rotation of the rotating body, so it is configured in a ring around the work machine. . Therefore, it is difficult to set a planar virtual wall along a building or the like in the vehicle body coordinate system.
- An object of the present disclosure is to provide a control device, a control method, and a control program capable of restricting the motion of a work machine by a plane virtual wall without referring to the global coordinate system.
- a control system controls a work machine having a swingable rotating body.
- the control system comprises a processor.
- the processor generates a virtual wall defined by a plane on a vehicle body coordinate system having a representative point of the revolving body as an origin.
- the processor rotationally transforms the virtual wall around the origin of the vehicle body coordinate system as the revolving body turns.
- the processor locates the work machine hull in the vehicle body coordinate system.
- a processor controls the work machine so that the shell does not contact the virtual wall.
- a control method for a work machine having a swingable swing body comprising a generation step, a conversion step, a specification step, and a control step.
- the generating step generates a virtual wall defined by a plane on a vehicle body coordinate system having a representative point of the revolving body as an origin.
- the transformation step rotationally transforms the virtual wall around the origin of the vehicle body coordinate system as the revolving body turns.
- the identifying step identifies the position of the hull of the work machine in the vehicle body coordinate system.
- a control step controls the work machine so that the shell does not contact the virtual wall.
- a control program executed by a computer for controlling a work machine having a swingable swing body comprising a generating step, a converting step, a specifying step, and a controlling step.
- the generating step generates a virtual wall defined by a plane on a vehicle body coordinate system having a representative point of the revolving body as an origin.
- the transformation step rotationally transforms the virtual wall around the origin of the vehicle body coordinate system as the revolving body turns.
- the identifying step identifies the position of the hull of the work machine in the vehicle body coordinate system.
- a control step controls the work machine so that the shell does not contact the virtual wall.
- the motion of the working machine can be restricted by the plane virtual wall without referring to the global coordinate system.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a working machine according to a first embodiment
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the drive system of the working machine which concerns on 1st Embodiment.
- 1 is a schematic block diagram showing the configuration of a control device according to a first embodiment
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of resetting of virtual walls accompanying turning of the turning body according to the first embodiment
- 4 is a flow chart showing a front wall setting method according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a working machine 100 according to the first embodiment.
- a working machine 100 according to the first embodiment is, for example, a hydraulic excavator.
- the working machine 100 includes a traveling body 120 , a revolving body 140 , a working machine 160 , an operator's cab 180 and a control device 200 .
- the work machine 100 according to the first embodiment is controlled by an operator to generate a planar virtual wall and to prevent the work machine 100 from coming into contact with the virtual wall. Thereby, the operator can operate the work machine 100 so as not to enter the restricted area.
- Traveling body 120 supports work machine 100 so that it can travel.
- the traveling body 120 is, for example, a pair of left and right endless tracks.
- the revolving body 140 is supported by the traveling body 120 so as to be able to revolve around the revolving center.
- Work implement 160 is operably supported by revolving body 140 .
- Work implement 160 is hydraulically driven.
- Work machine 160 includes a boom 161, an arm 162, and a bucket 163 that is a work implement.
- a base end of the boom 161 is rotatably attached to the revolving body 140 .
- a proximal end of the arm 162 is rotatably attached to a distal end of the boom 161 .
- Bucket 163 is rotatably attached to the tip of arm 162 .
- a portion of the revolving body 140 to which the work implement 160 is attached is referred to as a front portion.
- the front portion is referred to as the rear portion
- the left portion is referred to as the left portion
- the right portion is referred to as the right portion.
- the operator's cab 180 is provided in the front part of the revolving body 140 . Inside the operator's cab 180, an operation device 141 for an operator to operate the work machine 100 and a monitor device 142 as a man-machine interface of the control device 200 are provided.
- the monitor device 142 is realized by a computer having a touch panel, for example.
- the control device 200 controls the traveling body 120, the revolving body 140, and the working machine 160 based on the operator's operation of the operation device.
- the control device 200 is provided inside the cab 180, for example.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the drive system of the work machine 100 according to the first embodiment.
- Work machine 100 includes a plurality of actuators for driving work machine 100 .
- work machine 100 includes an engine 111 , a hydraulic pump 112 , a control valve 113 , a pair of travel motors 114 , a swing motor 115 , a boom cylinder 116 , an arm cylinder 117 and a bucket cylinder 118 .
- the engine 111 is a prime mover that drives the hydraulic pump 112 .
- Hydraulic pump 112 is driven by engine 111 and supplies working oil to travel motor 114 , swing motor 115 , boom cylinder 116 , arm cylinder 117 and bucket cylinder 118 via control valve 113 .
- Control valve 113 controls the flow rate of hydraulic oil supplied from hydraulic pump 112 to travel motor 114 , swing motor 115 , boom cylinder 116 , arm cylinder 117 and bucket cylinder 118 .
- the traveling motor 114 is driven by hydraulic oil supplied from the hydraulic pump 112 to drive the traveling body 120 .
- the swing motor 115 is driven by hydraulic fluid supplied from the hydraulic pump 112 to swing the swing body 140 with respect to the traveling body 120 .
- Boom cylinder 116 is a hydraulic cylinder for driving boom 161 .
- a proximal end of the boom cylinder 116 is attached to a rotating body 140 .
- a tip of the boom cylinder 116 is attached to the boom 161 .
- Arm cylinder 117 is a hydraulic cylinder for driving arm 162 .
- a base end of the arm cylinder 117 is attached to the boom 161 .
- a tip of the arm cylinder 117 is attached to the arm 162 .
- Bucket cylinder 118 is a hydraulic cylinder for driving bucket 163 .
- the proximal end of bucket cylinder 118 is attached to arm 162 .
- a tip of the bucket cylinder 118 is attached to the bucket 163 .
- Work machine 100 includes a plurality of sensors for measuring the attitude and position of work machine 100 .
- work machine 100 includes tilt measuring instrument 101 , turning angle sensor 102 , boom angle sensor 103 , arm angle sensor 104 , bucket angle sensor 105 and payload meter 106 .
- the tilt measuring instrument 101 measures the attitude of the revolving body 140 .
- the tilt measuring device 101 measures the tilt (for example, roll angle, pitch angle and yaw angle) of the revolving superstructure 140 with respect to the horizontal plane.
- An example of the tilt measuring instrument 101 is an IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit).
- the tilt measuring instrument 101 measures the acceleration and angular velocity of the revolving structure 140, and calculates the tilt of the revolving structure 140 with respect to the horizontal plane based on the measurement results.
- the tilt measuring instrument 101 is installed, for example, below the driver's cab 180 .
- the inclination measuring instrument 101 outputs the posture data of the revolving body 140 as measured values to the control device 200 .
- the turning angle sensor 102 measures the turning angle of the turning body 140 with respect to the traveling body 120 .
- the measured value of the turning angle sensor 102 indicates zero when the directions of the traveling body 120 and the turning body 140 match, for example.
- the turning angle sensor 102 is installed, for example, at the turning center of the turning body 140 .
- the turning angle sensor 102 outputs turning angle data, which is a measured value, to the control device 200 .
- the boom angle sensor 103 measures the boom angle, which is the rotation angle of the boom 161 with respect to the revolving body 140 .
- Boom angle sensor 103 may be an IMU attached to boom 161 .
- the boom angle sensor 103 measures the boom angle based on the tilt of the boom 161 with respect to the horizontal plane and the tilt of the revolving body measured by the tilt measuring device 101 .
- the measured value of the boom angle sensor 103 indicates zero when, for example, the direction of a straight line passing through the base end and the tip end of the boom 161 coincides with the longitudinal direction of the revolving body 140 .
- the boom angle sensor 103 according to another embodiment may be a stroke sensor attached to the boom cylinder 116 .
- the boom angle sensor 103 may be a rotation sensor provided on a pin that connects the revolving body 140 and the boom 161 .
- Boom angle sensor 103 outputs boom angle data, which is a measured value, to control device 200 .
- the arm angle sensor 104 measures the arm angle, which is the rotation angle of the arm 162 with respect to the boom 161 .
- Arm angle sensor 104 may be an IMU attached to arm 162 .
- the arm angle sensor 104 measures the arm angle based on the tilt of the arm 162 with respect to the horizontal plane and the boom angle measured by the boom angle sensor 103 .
- the measured value of the arm angle sensor 104 indicates zero when the direction of the straight line passing through the proximal end and the distal end of the arm 162 matches the direction of the straight line passing through the proximal end and the distal end of the boom 161, for example.
- the arm angle sensor 104 may calculate the angle by attaching a stroke sensor to the arm cylinder 117 .
- the arm angle sensor 104 according to another embodiment may be a rotation sensor provided on a pin that connects the boom 161 and the arm 162 . Arm angle sensor 104 outputs arm angle data, which is a measured value, to control device 200 .
- the bucket angle sensor 105 measures the bucket angle, which is the rotation angle of the bucket 163 with respect to the arm 162 .
- Bucket angle sensor 105 may be a stroke sensor provided on bucket cylinder 118 for driving bucket 163 . In this case, the bucket angle sensor 105 measures the bucket angle based on the stroke amount of the bucket cylinder. The measured value of the bucket angle sensor 105 indicates zero, for example, when the direction of the straight line passing through the proximal end and the cutting edge of the bucket 163 matches the direction of the straight line passing through the proximal end and the distal end of the arm 162 .
- Bucket angle sensor 105 may be a rotation sensor provided on a pin that connects arm 162 and bucket 163 .
- Bucket angle sensor 105 according to another embodiment may be an IMU attached to bucket 163 . Bucket angle sensor 105 outputs bucket angle data, which is a measured value, to control device 200 .
- the payload meter 106 measures the weight of the cargo held in the bucket 163.
- the payload meter 106 measures, for example, the bottom pressure of the cylinder of the boom 161 and converts it into the weight of the cargo.
- payload meter 106 may be a load cell.
- the payload meter 106 outputs cargo weight data, which is a measured value, to the control device 200 .
- FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram showing the configuration of the control device 200 according to the first embodiment.
- the control device 200 is a computer that includes a processor 210 , main memory 230 , storage 250 and interface 270 .
- Control device 200 is an example of a control system. Controller 200 receives measurements from tilt gauge 101 , turn angle sensor 102 , boom angle sensor 103 , arm angle sensor 104 , bucket angle sensor 105 and payload meter 106 .
- the storage 250 is a non-temporary tangible storage medium. Examples of the storage 250 include magnetic disks, optical disks, magneto-optical disks, semiconductor memories, and the like.
- the storage 250 may be an internal medium directly connected to the bus of the control device 200, or an external medium connected to the control device 200 via the interface 270 or communication line.
- Storage 250 stores a control program for controlling work machine 100 .
- the control program may be for realizing part of the functions that the control device 200 is to perform.
- the control program may function in combination with another program already stored in the storage 250 or in combination with another program installed in another device.
- the control device 200 may include a custom LSI (Large Scale Integrated Circuit) such as a PLD (Programmable Logic Device) in addition to or instead of the above configuration.
- PLDs include PAL (Programmable Array Logic), GAL (Generic Array Logic), CPLD (Complex Programmable Logic Device), and FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array).
- part or all of the functions implemented by the processor may be implemented by the integrated circuit.
- the storage 250 records geometry data representing the dimensions and center-of-gravity positions of the revolving structure 140, the boom 161, the arm 162, and the bucket 163.
- Geometry data is data representing the position of an object in a predetermined coordinate system.
- the processor 210 By executing the control program, the processor 210 performs the operation amount acquisition unit 211, the input unit 212, the display control unit 213, the measured value acquisition unit 214, the position specifying unit 215, the generation unit 216, the rotation conversion unit 217, and the intervention determination unit. 218 , an intervention control unit 219 , and a control signal output unit 220 .
- the operation amount acquisition unit 211 acquires an operation signal indicating the operation amount of each actuator from the operation device 141 .
- the input unit 212 receives operation input from the operator from the monitor device 142 .
- the display control unit 213 outputs screen data to be displayed on the monitor device 142 to the monitor device 142 .
- Measured value acquisition unit 214 acquires measured values from tilt measuring device 101 , turning angle sensor 102 , boom angle sensor 103 , arm angle sensor 104 , bucket angle sensor 105 and payload meter 106 .
- the position specifying unit 215 specifies the position of the outer shell of the work machine 100 in the vehicle body coordinate system.
- the outer shell of work machine 100 is the external shape of work machine 100 .
- the outer shell of work machine 100 is defined, for example, by the shapes that form the contours of rotating body 140 and work machine 160 .
- the position specifying unit 215 locates a plurality of points on the outer shell of the work machine 100 in the vehicle body coordinate system.
- Identify the location of The plurality of points on the outer shell identified by the position identifying unit 215 are the edge of the bucket 163 , the end of the arm 162 on the bucket 163 side (arm top), the end of the arm 162 on the boom 161 side (arm bottom), and the swing body 140 . Including points behind the counterweight.
- the vehicle body coordinate system is an orthogonal coordinate system whose origin is a representative point of the revolving body 140 (for example, a point passing through the center of revolving). The calculation of the position specifying unit 215 will be described later. Note that the point specified by the position specifying unit 215 is not limited to this.
- the generating unit 216 calculates parameters of the virtual wall based on the position of the cutting edge of the bucket 163 identified by the position identifying unit 215 .
- the generation unit 216 records the generated parameters of the virtual wall in the vehicle body coordinate system in the main memory 230 .
- the rotation conversion unit 217 updates the parameters of the virtual wall stored in the main memory 230 as the revolving body 140 revolves. Specifically, the rotation conversion unit 217 rotates the parameters of the virtual wall around the origin of the vehicle body coordinate system by the amount of change in the pitch angle, roll angle, and yaw angle measured by the tilt measuring device 101 .
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of resetting the virtual wall accompanying the revolving of the revolving body in the first embodiment. For example, as shown in FIG.
- the rotation converting unit 217 refers to the measured value of the tilt measuring device 101 acquired by the measured value acquiring unit 214 to The amount of change in the roll angle, pitch angle, and yaw angle caused by the turning of the vehicle is calculated, and the parameters of the virtual wall are rotationally transformed around the origin of the vehicle body coordinate system. Thereby, the rotation conversion unit 217 can cancel the rotation of the virtual wall due to the rotation of the rotating body 140 .
- Intervention determining unit 218 determines whether or not to limit the turning speed of rotating body 140 or the speed of work implement 160 based on the positional relationship between the plurality of points on the outer shell specified by position specifying unit 215 and the virtual wall. do.
- the restriction of the speed of revolving superstructure 140 or work implement 160 by control device 200 is also referred to as intervention control.
- the intervention determination unit 218 obtains the minimum turning angle until at least one of a plurality of points on the virtual wall and the outer shell come into contact with each other. It is determined that intervention control is performed for. Further, intervention determination unit 218 obtains the minimum distance between the virtual wall and work implement 160 , and determines that intervention control is to be performed for work implement 160 when the minimum distance is equal to or less than a predetermined distance.
- the intervention control unit 219 controls an intervention target operation amount among the operation amounts acquired by the operation amount acquisition unit 211 when the intervention determination unit 218 determines to perform intervention control.
- the control signal output unit 220 outputs the operation amount acquired by the operation amount acquisition unit 211 or the operation amount controlled by the intervention determination unit 218 to the control valve 113 .
- the position specifying unit 215 specifies the positions of the outer shell points based on the various measurement values acquired by the measurement value acquisition unit 214 and the geometry data recorded in the storage 250 .
- the storage 250 records geometry data representing the dimensions and center-of-gravity positions of the revolving structure 140 , the boom 161 , the arm 162 and the bucket 163 .
- the geometry data of the revolving superstructure 140 includes the positions (x bm , y bm , z bm ) of the pins supporting the boom 161 of the revolving super structure 140 in the vehicle body coordinate system, which is the local coordinate system, and the points of the outer shell of the revolving super structure 140 . Positions (x sp , y sp , z sp ) are indicated. Points on the outer shell of the revolving body 140 include, for example, protruding points of the counterweight, which are highly likely to come into contact with the wall surface during revolving.
- the vehicle body coordinate system is a coordinate system composed of the X sb axis extending in the front-rear direction, the Y sb axis extending in the left-right direction, and the Z sb axis extending in the up-down direction with reference to the turning center of the turning body 140 .
- the vertical direction of the revolving body 140 does not necessarily match the vertical direction.
- the geometry data of the boom 161 indicates the position (x am , y am , z am ) of the boom top in the boom coordinate system, which is the local coordinate system.
- the boom coordinate system is based on the position of the pin that connects the boom 161 and the revolving body 140, and is orthogonal to the Xbm axis extending in the longitudinal direction, the Ybm axis extending in the direction in which the pin extends, and the Xbm axis and the Ybm axis. It is a coordinate system composed of the Zbm axis.
- the position of the boom top is the position of the pin connecting the boom 161 and the arm 162 .
- the boom top is one of the points on the hull of work machine 100 .
- the geometry data of the arm 162 indicates the arm top position (x bk , y bk , z bk ) in the arm coordinate system, which is the local coordinate system.
- the arm coordinate system is based on the position of the pin that connects the arm 162 and the boom 161, the X am axis extending in the longitudinal direction, the Y am axis extending in the direction in which the pin extends, and the Z axis perpendicular to the X am axis and the Yam axis. It is a coordinate system composed of the am- axis.
- the arm top position is the position of the pin connecting the arm 162 and the bucket 163 .
- the armtop is one of the points on the hull of work machine 100 .
- the geometry data of the bucket 163 indicates the position (x ed , y ed , z ed ) of the cutting edge of the bucket 163 in the bucket coordinate system, which is the local coordinate system.
- a cutting edge is one of the points on the hull of work machine 100 .
- the bucket coordinate system is based on the position of the pin that connects the bucket 163 and the arm 162.
- the Xbk axis extends in the direction of the cutting edge
- the Ybk axis extends in the direction in which the pin extends
- the Xbk axis and the Ybk axis are perpendicular to each other. It is a coordinate system composed of the Zbk axis.
- the position specifying unit 215 converts the boom coordinate system to the vehicle body coordinate system using the following formula (1) based on the measured value of the boom angle ⁇ bm acquired by the measured value acquisition unit 214 and the geometry data of the swing body 140.
- the position specifying unit 215 obtains the product of the position of the boom top in the boom coordinate system indicated by the geometry data of the boom 161 and the boom-vehicle transformation matrix T bm sb , thereby determining the position of the boom top in the vehicle body coordinate system. demand.
- the position specifying unit 215 converts the arm coordinate system to the boom coordinate system using the following formula (2) based on the measured value of the arm angle ⁇ am acquired by the measured value acquiring unit 214 and the geometry data of the boom 161. Generate an arm-to-boom transformation matrix T am bm for .
- the arm-boom transformation matrix T am bm is rotated about the Y am axis by the arm angle ⁇ am and translated by the deviation (x am , y am , z am ) between the origin of the boom coordinate system and the origin of the arm coordinate system.
- the position specifying unit 215 obtains the product of the boom-body transformation matrix T bm sb and the arm-boom transformation matrix T am bm , thereby obtaining the arm-body transformation matrix T for transformation from the arm coordinate system to the vehicle body coordinate system. Generate am sb . Further, the position specifying unit 215 obtains the product of the position of the arm top in the arm coordinate system indicated by the geometry data of the arm 162 and the arm-to-body transformation matrix T am sb , thereby determining the position of the arm top in the body coordinate system. demand.
- the position specifying unit 215 converts the bucket coordinate system into the arm coordinate system using the following formula (3) based on the measured value of the bucket angle ⁇ bk acquired by the measured value acquiring unit 214 and the geometry data of the arm 162. Generate a bucket-to-arm transformation matrix T bk am for .
- the bucket-to-arm transformation matrix T bk am is rotated about the Y bk axis by the bucket angle ⁇ bk and translated by the deviation (x bk , y bk , z bk ) between the origin of the arm coordinate system and the origin of the bucket coordinate system.
- the position specifying unit 215 obtains the product of the arm-body transformation matrix T am sb and the bucket-arm transformation matrix T bk am , thereby obtaining the bucket-body transformation matrix T for transforming from the bucket coordinate system to the vehicle body coordinate system. Create bk sb .
- the position specifying unit 215 obtains the position of the cutting edge of the bucket 163 in the vehicle body coordinate system by multiplying the position of the cutting edge in the bucket coordinate system indicated by the geometry data of the bucket 163 by the bucket-vehicle transformation matrix T bk sb . .
- the display control unit 213 causes the monitor device 142 to display a selection screen for the type of virtual wall to be set.
- the front wall, left wall, and right wall are wall surfaces extending in the vertical direction.
- the upper wall and the lower wall are wall surfaces extending in the horizontal direction.
- FIG. 5 is a flow chart showing a front wall setting method according to the first embodiment.
- the display control unit 213 causes the monitor device 142 to display a guidance screen including a setting button (step S101).
- the guidance screen displays a message to move the cutting edge of the bucket 163 to the point where the front wall is to be set and to operate the setting button.
- the operator operates work machine 100 to move the cutting edge of bucket 163 to a desired position, and then operates the setting button.
- the input unit 212 receives the operation of the setting button from the monitor device 142 (step S102).
- the measured value acquisition unit 214 acquires the measured values of the tilt measuring instrument 101, the turning angle sensor 102, the boom angle sensor 103, the arm angle sensor 104, the bucket angle sensor 105, and the payload meter 106 when the setting button is operated (step S103).
- the position specifying unit 215 specifies the position of the cutting edge of the bucket 163 in the vehicle body coordinate system based on the acquired measurement values (step S104).
- the generation unit 216 calculates parameters of the front wall extending in the vertical direction based on the roll angle and the pitch angle obtained from the tilt measuring instrument 101 in step S103 and the position of the cutting edge obtained in step S104.
- a virtual wall is represented by a normal vector indicating the normal direction of the virtual wall and a position vector indicating the position of a point through which the virtual wall passes.
- the generation unit 216 rotates a vector with an X sb axis value of ⁇ 1, a Y sb axis value of 0, and a Z sb axis value of 0 by the roll angle and the pitch angle to obtain a normal vector ( step S105).
- the generation unit 216 also sets the vector indicating the position of the cutting edge obtained in step S104 as the position vector (step S106).
- the generator 216 records the generated front wall parameters in the main memory 230 (step S107). If the front wall parameters are already recorded in the main memory 230, the old parameters are overwritten with the new parameters.
- FIG. 6 is a flow chart showing a sidewall setting method according to the first embodiment.
- the display control unit 213 causes the monitor device 142 to display the first guidance screen including the setting button (step S121).
- the guidance screen displays that the cutting edge of the bucket 163 should be moved to the point where the right wall or the left wall should be set, and the setting button should be operated.
- the operator operates work machine 100 to move the cutting edge of bucket 163 to a desired position, and then operates the setting button.
- the input unit 212 receives operation of the setting button from the monitor device 142 (step S122).
- the measured value acquisition unit 214 acquires the measured values of the tilt measuring instrument 101, the turning angle sensor 102, the boom angle sensor 103, the arm angle sensor 104, the bucket angle sensor 105, and the payload meter 106 when the setting button is operated (step S123).
- the position specifying unit 215 specifies the position of the cutting edge of the bucket 163 (first cutting edge position) in the vehicle body coordinate system based on the acquired measurement value (step S124).
- the position specifying unit 215 temporarily records in the main memory 230 the specified position of the cutting edge and the roll angle, pitch angle, and yaw angle acquired in step S123.
- the display control unit 213 causes the monitor device 142 to display the second guidance screen including the setting button (step S125).
- the guidance screen displays that the cutting edge of the bucket 163 should be moved to the point where the right wall or the left wall should be set, and the setting button should be operated.
- the operator operates work machine 100 to move the cutting edge of bucket 163 to a position different from the position set in step S122, and then operates the setting button.
- the input unit 212 receives the operation of the setting button from the monitor device 142 (step S126).
- the measured value acquisition unit 214 acquires the measured values of the tilt measuring instrument 101, the turning angle sensor 102, the boom angle sensor 103, the arm angle sensor 104, the bucket angle sensor 105, and the payload meter 106 when the setting button is operated for the second time. acquire (step S127).
- the position specifying unit 215 specifies the position of the cutting edge of the bucket 163 (position of the cutting edge for the second time) in the vehicle body coordinate system based on the obtained measurement value (step S128).
- the attitude of work machine 100 when the position of the cutting edge is measured for the first time is different from the attitude of work machine 100 when the position of the cutting edge is measured for the second time. Therefore, the rotation conversion unit 217 converts the first position of the cutting edge recorded in the main memory 230 into the position, roll angle, pitch angle, and yaw angle of the first cutting edge, and the second position of the cutting edge. based on the roll angle, pitch angle and yaw angle (step S129). As a result, the rotation conversion unit 217 can convert the first position of the cutting edge to the current position of the vehicle body coordinate system.
- the generating unit 216 calculates the difference between the vector representing the first cutting edge position converted in step S129 and the second vector representing the cutting edge position obtained in step S128 as a wall vector (step S130).
- the wall surface vector is a vector along the wall surface of the virtual wall, and is a vector that passes through the position of the cutting edge for the first time and the position of the cutting edge for the second time.
- the generation unit 216 calculates a vertical vector pointing in the vertical direction based on the roll angle and the pitch angle when the position of the cutting edge is measured for the second time (step S131).
- the generation unit 216 calculates the normal vector by calculating the outer product of the vector calculated in step S130 and the vertical vector (step S132).
- the generation unit 216 also obtains a position vector based on the second position of the cutting edge obtained in step S128 (step S133).
- the generation unit 216 records the generated left wall or right wall parameter in the main memory 230 (step S134). If the left wall or right wall parameters are already recorded in the main memory 230, the old parameters are overwritten with the new parameters.
- FIG. 7 is a flow chart showing a method for setting the top wall according to the first embodiment.
- the display control unit 213 causes the monitor device 142 to display a guidance screen including a setting button (step S141).
- the guidance screen displays a message to move the cutting edge of the bucket 163 to the point where the top wall is to be set and to operate the setting button.
- the operator operates work machine 100 to move the cutting edge of bucket 163 to a desired position, and then operates the setting button.
- the input unit 212 receives the operation of the setting button from the monitor device 142 (step S142).
- the measured value acquisition unit 214 acquires the measured values of the tilt measuring instrument 101, the turning angle sensor 102, the boom angle sensor 103, the arm angle sensor 104, the bucket angle sensor 105, and the payload meter 106 when the setting button is operated (step S143).
- Position specifying unit 215 specifies the position of the cutting edge of bucket 163 in the vehicle body coordinate system based on the acquired measurement value (step S144).
- the generation unit 216 calculates parameters of the upper wall extending in the horizontal direction based on the roll angle and the pitch angle obtained from the tilt measuring instrument 101 in step S143 and the position of the cutting edge obtained in step S144.
- the generation unit 216 rotates the vector with the X sb axis value of 0, the Y sb axis value of 0, and the Z sb axis value of -1 by the roll angle and the pitch angle to obtain the normal vector ( step S145).
- the generator 216 also obtains a position vector based on the position of the cutting edge obtained in step S144 (step S146).
- the generator 216 records the generated upper wall parameters in the main memory 230 (step S147). If the main memory 230 already stores the parameters of the upper wall, the old parameters are overwritten with the new parameters.
- FIG. 8 is a flow chart showing a method of setting the bottom wall according to the first embodiment.
- the display control unit 213 causes the monitor device 142 to display a guidance screen including a distance input field and a setting button (step S161).
- the guidance screen displays instructions to move the blade edge of the bucket 163 above the point where the lower wall is to be set, enter the distance from the blade edge to the lower wall in the distance input field, and operate the setting button.
- An initial value of 0 meters is entered in the distance input field.
- the operator operates work machine 100 to move the cutting edge of bucket 163 to a desired position, and then operates the setting button.
- the input unit 212 receives an input to the distance input field and an operation of the setting button from the monitor device 142 (step S162).
- the input unit 212 acquires the value in the distance input field when the setting button is operated (step S163).
- the measured value acquisition unit 214 acquires the measured values of the tilt measuring instrument 101, the turning angle sensor 102, the boom angle sensor 103, the arm angle sensor 104, the bucket angle sensor 105, and the payload meter 106 when the setting button is operated (step S164).
- the position specifying unit 215 specifies the position of the cutting edge of the bucket 163 in the vehicle body coordinate system based on the acquired measurement values (step S165).
- the generation unit 216 generates a lower wall extending in the horizontal direction based on the roll angle and the pitch angle obtained from the tilt measuring instrument 101 in step S164, the position of the cutting edge obtained in step S165, and the distance obtained in step S163. Calculate parameters.
- the generation unit 216 rotates a vector having a value of 0 on the X sb axis, a value of 0 on the Y sb axis, and a value of 1 on the Z sb axis by the roll angle and the pitch angle, thereby obtaining a normal vector (step S166).
- the generation unit 216 also obtains a position vector by obtaining the sum of the vector indicating the position of the cutting edge obtained in step S165 and the depth vector obtained by multiplying the normal vector by the distance (step S167).
- the generator 216 records the generated lower wall parameters in the main memory 230 (step S168). If the main memory 230 already stores the parameters of the lower wall, the old parameters are overwritten with the new parameters.
- the work machine 100 can perform work within the reach of the work machine 160 by turning the revolving body 140 . Therefore, an operator normally turns work machine 100 when performing work such as excavation. Since the vehicle body coordinate system is based on the revolving body 140, it rotates following the revolving of the work machine 100 when viewed from the viewpoint of the global coordinate system. If the virtual wall set in the vehicle body coordinate system rotates following the turning of work machine 100, the right wall and the left wall do not interfere with work machine 100, making no sense.
- the right wall is set on the right side of the revolving body 140, the right wall is always maintained on the right side of the revolving body 140 no matter how the revolving body 140 is revolved, and does not interfere with the work machine 100.
- the front wall rotates following the turning of the work machine 100, it behaves as an annular wall instead of a planar wall, and therefore does not function as a virtual wall along the wall surface of the building. Therefore, the control device 200 according to the first embodiment performs rotation conversion processing of the virtual wall in order to maintain the position of the virtual wall in the global coordinate system before and after the work machine 100 turns.
- control device 200 starts the control described below.
- the operation amount acquisition unit 211 acquires operation signals for the boom 161, the arm 162, the bucket 163, and the revolving body 140 from the operation device 141 (step S201).
- the measured value acquisition unit 214 acquires measured values of the tilt measuring device 101, the turning angle sensor 102, the boom angle sensor 103, the arm angle sensor 104, the bucket angle sensor 105, and the payload meter 106 (step S202).
- the rotation conversion unit 217 rotates each of the one or more virtual walls stored in the main memory 230 based on the roll angle, pitch angle, and yaw angle of the revolving structure 140 acquired from the tilt measuring device 101 in step S202, Update (step S203).
- the position specifying unit 215 calculates the positions of a plurality of points on the outer shell of the work machine 100 in the vehicle body coordinate system based on the measured values acquired in step S202 (step S204).
- the intervention determination unit 218 selects the points identified by the position identification unit 215 one by one (step S205), and executes the processing from step S206 to step S212 below.
- the intervention determination unit 218 identifies a cross section passing through the point selected in step S205 and parallel to the X sb -Y sb plane of the vehicle body coordinate system (step S206). Intervention determination unit 218 also identifies a cross section that passes through the point selected in step S205 and is parallel to the X sb -Z sb plane of the vehicle body coordinate system (step S207).
- the intervention determination unit 218 selects one or more virtual walls set in the main memory 230 one by one (step S208), and executes the processing from step S209 to step S212 below.
- the intervention determination unit 218 calculates a line of intersection between the cross section generated in step S206 and the virtual wall selected in step S208 as a horizontal virtual wall line (step S209). Note that the horizontal virtual wall line may not exist depending on the positional relationship between the cross section generated in step S206 and the virtual wall. If a horizontal virtual wall line exists, the intervention determination unit 218 obtains the turning angle at which the point selected in step S205 contacts the horizontal virtual wall line calculated in step S209 for each of the right turn and left turn (step S210).
- the intervention determination unit 218 calculates the intersection of a circle centered on the turning center and passing through the point selected in step S205 and the horizontal virtual wall line, and calculates the line segment extending from the turning center to the point selected in step S205 and the turning center. Find the angle between the line segment extending from to the intersection point. Depending on the positional relationship between the point selected in step S205 and the horizontal virtual wall line, there may be no intersection point.
- the intervention determination unit 218 also calculates the line of intersection between the cross section generated in step S207 and the virtual wall selected in step S208 as a vertical virtual wall line (step S211). Note that the vertical virtual wall line may not exist depending on the positional relationship between the cross section generated in step S207 and the virtual wall. If the vertical virtual wall line exists, the intervention determination unit 218 obtains the distance between the point selected in step S205 and the vertical virtual wall line calculated in step S211 (step S212).
- intervention determination unit 218 determines that at least one of the plurality of points is at least one virtual wall for each of right turn and left turn. A minimum turning angle for contacting the wall is calculated (step S213). Intervention determination unit 218 calculates the shortest distance between work machine 160 and the virtual wall based on the distance for each virtual wall at each point on work machine 100 obtained in step S212 (step S214).
- the intervention determination unit 218 calculates the turning direction and the target turning speed based on the operation signal of the turning body 140 acquired in step S201 (step S215). The intervention determination unit 218 determines whether or not the minimum turning angle in the turning direction indicated by the operation signal is greater than the intervention start angle (step S216). If the minimum turning angle is greater than the intervention start angle (step S216: YES), the intervention control unit 219 does not perform intervention control for turning.
- the intervention control unit 219 identifies the limited angular velocity from the minimum turning angle based on a predetermined angular velocity limit table,
- the target turning speed is limited to a value equal to or less than the angular speed limit (step S217).
- the angular velocity limit table is a function showing the relationship between the minimum turning angle and the angular velocity limit, and is a function in which the smaller the minimum turning angle, the smaller the angular velocity limit.
- the limited angular velocity table may be set, for example, to a deceleration rate that does not impair the operational feeling of the revolving body 140 by the operator.
- the intervention determination unit 218 calculates the target speed of the work implement 160 based on the operation signals of the boom 161, arm 162 and bucket 163 acquired in step S201 (step S218). Specifically, intervention determination unit 218 calculates the target speeds of boom 161, arm 162, and bucket 163 based on the operation signals of boom 161, arm 162, and bucket 163 acquired in step S201. Next, the intervention determination unit 218 determines whether or not the shortest distance calculated in step S214 is longer than the intervention start distance (step S219). If the shortest distance is longer than the intervention start distance (step S ⁇ b>219 : YES), intervention control unit 219 does not perform intervention control for work implement 160 .
- intervention control unit 219 selects each axis of work machine 160 one by one, and performs step S221 to step S222 below for the selected axis. (step S220).
- the intervention control unit 219 determines whether or not the operation direction of the selected axis is the operation in the direction of approaching the virtual wall (step S221). If the operation direction of the selected axis is not the direction of approaching the virtual wall (step S220: NO), the intervention control unit 219 does not perform intervention control for the selected axis.
- the intervention control unit 219 controls the selected axis based on a predetermined speed limit table.
- a speed limit is identified, and the target speed is limited to a value equal to or lower than the speed limit (step S222).
- the control signal output unit 220 generates a control signal based on the target velocities of the boom 161, arm 162 and bucket 163 and the target angular velocity of the revolving structure 140, and outputs the control signal to the control valve 113 (step S223).
- control device 200 rotationally transforms the virtual wall defined by the vehicle body coordinate system as revolving body 140 turns, and rotates work machine 100 so that the outer shell of work machine 100 does not come into contact with the virtual wall. Control.
- the control device 200 can fix the absolute position of the virtual wall. Therefore, control device 200 can restrict the movement of work machine 100 by a plane virtual wall without referring to the global coordinate system. By setting up a plane virtual wall, it is possible to appropriately restrict access to areas of the construction site that are normally separated by planes.
- control device 200 specifies the position of the tip of the work implement 160 in the vehicle body coordinate system, and when receiving an instruction to generate a virtual wall, creates a virtual wall at the position of the tip of the work implement 160 . to generate Thereby, the operator can easily set the virtual wall by operating the working machine and inputting the generation instruction.
- the virtual wall may be set by the operator inputting the coordinates of the virtual wall by operating the monitor device 142, for example.
- control device 200 generates a virtual wall extending vertically or horizontally based on the measured value of the tilt measuring device 101 .
- the construction site area is delimited along the vertical direction by walls or fences. Therefore, by setting the virtual wall to extend in the vertical direction, entry into the area by work machine 100 can be appropriately controlled. Further, since work machine 100 is generally controlled so as not to exceed the lowest point of overhead obstacles such as overhead wires and ceilings, setting the virtual wall so as to extend in the horizontal direction will A nadir control can be performed on
- control device 200 may be configured by a single computer, or the configuration of the control device 200 may be divided into a plurality of computers, and the plurality of computers may cooperate with each other. may function as the control device 200. At this time, a part of the computers constituting control device 200 may be mounted inside work machine 100 and the other computers may be provided outside work machine 100 .
- the control device 200 determines the angular velocity limit based on a predetermined angular velocity limit table when performing intervention control of a turning operation, but is not limited to this.
- the moment of inertia of work machine 100 changes depending on the attitude of work machine 160 and the weight of the load loaded on bucket 163 . Therefore, the intervention control unit 219 may determine the limit angular velocity in consideration of changes in the moment of inertia. For example, by storing the center-of-gravity position of each part in the geometry data, the position specifying unit 215 can specify the center-of-gravity position of each part in the vehicle body coordinate system.
- Intervention control unit 219 obtains the center-of-gravity position of work implement 160 based on a vector obtained by multiplying each center-of-gravity position by a known weight and a vector obtained by multiplying the position of bucket 163 by the weight indicated by the measurement value of payload meter 106 . can be done. As a result, the intervention control unit 219 multiplies the angular velocity limit obtained from the angular velocity limit table by a coefficient corresponding to the inertia ratio calculated from the position of the center of gravity and the weight of the working machine 160, thereby adjusting the inertia moment. A limited angular velocity can be determined.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the configuration of a work system according to another embodiment.
- a work machine 100 according to another embodiment may be operated by a remote control device 500 as shown in FIG.
- the remote-controlled work machine 100 further includes an imaging device 119 in addition to the configuration of the first embodiment, and the control device 200 transmits an image captured by the imaging device 119 to the remote control device 500 in real time.
- the remote control device 500 includes a driver's seat 510 , a display 520 , an operating device 530 and a remote control server 540 .
- Remote control server 540 causes display 520 to display the image received from work machine 100 .
- Remote control server 540 also transmits an operation signal of operation device 530 by an operator to work machine 100 via the network.
- the remote control server 540 executes at least part of the functions of the control device 200 according to the first embodiment.
- the control device 200 and the remote control server 540 constitute the work system.
- a bucket 163 is attached to the working machine 160 according to the first embodiment, but it is not limited to this.
- the work implement 160 according to another embodiment may include other work implements such as a breaker and a grapple instead of the bucket.
- a work implement such as the bucket 163 according to another embodiment may be attached to the tip of the arm 162 via a tilt attachment or a tilt-rotate attachment.
- the motion of the working machine can be restricted by the plane virtual wall without referring to the global coordinate system.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2021年8月31日に日本に出願された特願2021-141532号について優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
《作業機械の構成》
以下、図面を参照しながら実施形態について詳しく説明する。
図1は、第1の実施形態に係る作業機械100の構成を示す概略図である。第1の実施形態に係る作業機械100は、例えば油圧ショベルである。作業機械100は、走行体120、旋回体140、作業機160、運転室180、制御装置200を備える。第1の実施形態に係る作業機械100は、オペレータによる操作によって平面状の仮想壁を生成し、作業機械100が仮想壁に接触しないように制御される。これにより、オペレータは、進入禁止区域に侵入しないように作業機械100を操作することができる。
旋回体140は、走行体120に旋回中心回りに旋回可能に支持される。
作業機160は、旋回体140に動作可能に支持される。作業機160は、油圧により駆動する。作業機160は、ブーム161、アーム162、および作業器具であるバケット163を備える。ブーム161の基端部は、旋回体140に回動可能に取り付けられる。アーム162の基端部は、ブーム161の先端部に回動可能に取り付けられる。バケット163は、アーム162の先端部に回動可能に取り付けられる。ここで、旋回体140のうち作業機160が取り付けられる部分を前部という。また、旋回体140について、前部を基準に、反対側の部分を後部、左側の部分を左部、右側の部分を右部という。
図2は、第1の実施形態に係る作業機械100の駆動系を示す図である。
作業機械100は、作業機械100を駆動するための複数のアクチュエータを備える。具体的には、作業機械100は、エンジン111、油圧ポンプ112、コントロールバルブ113、一対の走行モータ114、旋回モータ115、ブームシリンダ116、アームシリンダ117、バケットシリンダ118を備える。
油圧ポンプ112は、エンジン111により駆動され、コントロールバルブ113を介して走行モータ114、旋回モータ115、ブームシリンダ116、アームシリンダ117およびバケットシリンダ118に作動油を供給する。
コントロールバルブ113は、油圧ポンプ112から走行モータ114、旋回モータ115、ブームシリンダ116、アームシリンダ117およびバケットシリンダ118へ供給される作動油の流量を制御する。
走行モータ114は、油圧ポンプ112から供給される作動油によって駆動され、走行体120を駆動する。
旋回モータ115は、油圧ポンプ112から供給される作動油によって駆動され、走行体120に対して旋回体140を旋回させる。
アームシリンダ117は、アーム162を駆動するための油圧シリンダである。アームシリンダ117の基端部は、ブーム161に取り付けられる。アームシリンダ117の先端部は、アーム162に取り付けられる。
バケットシリンダ118は、バケット163を駆動するための油圧シリンダである。バケットシリンダ118の基端部は、アーム162に取り付けられる。バケットシリンダ118の先端部は、バケット163に取り付けられる。
作業機械100は、作業機械100の姿勢および位置を計測するための複数のセンサを備える。具体的には、作業機械100は、傾斜計測器101、旋回角センサ102、ブーム角センサ103、アーム角センサ104、バケット角センサ105、ペイロードメータ106を備える。
図3は、第1の実施形態に係る制御装置200の構成を示す概略ブロック図である。
制御装置200は、プロセッサ210、メインメモリ230、ストレージ250、インタフェース270を備えるコンピュータである。制御装置200は、制御システムの一例である。制御装置200は、傾斜計測器101、旋回角センサ102、ブーム角センサ103、アーム角センサ104、バケット角センサ105、およびペイロードメータ106から計測値を受信する。
プロセッサ210は、制御プログラムを実行することで、操作量取得部211、入力部212、表示制御部213、計測値取得部214、位置特定部215、生成部216、回転変換部217、介入判定部218、介入制御部219、制御信号出力部220を備える。
入力部212は、モニタ装置142からオペレータによる操作入力を受け付ける。
表示制御部213は、モニタ装置142に表示させる画面データをモニタ装置142へ出力する。
計測値取得部214は、傾斜計測器101、旋回角センサ102、ブーム角センサ103、アーム角センサ104、バケット角センサ105およびペイロードメータ106から計測値を取得する。
制御信号出力部220は、操作量取得部211が取得した操作量、または介入判定部218によって制御された操作量をコントロールバルブ113に出力する。
ここで、位置特定部215による作業機械100の外殻の点の位置の特定方法を説明する。位置特定部215は、計測値取得部214が取得した各種計測値とストレージ250に記録されたジオメトリデータとに基づいて外殻の点の位置を特定する。ストレージ250には、旋回体140、ブーム161、アーム162及びバケット163の寸法及び重心位置を表すジオメトリデータが記録される。
また、位置特定部215は、ブーム161のジオメトリデータが示すブーム座標系におけるブームトップの位置と、ブーム-車体変換行列Tbm sbとの積を求めることで、車体座標系におけるブームトップの位置を求める。
以下、第1の実施形態に係る作業機械100の制御方法について説明する。
まず作業機械100のオペレータは、モニタ装置142を操作し、仮想壁の設定を行う。
入力部212がモニタ装置142から仮想壁の設定指示を受け付けると、表示制御部213は、モニタ装置142に設定すべき仮想壁の種類の選択画面を表示させる。制御装置200が設定可能な仮想壁は、前壁、左壁、右壁、上壁および下壁の5種類である。前壁、左壁、右壁は鉛直方向に伸びる壁面である。上壁、下壁は水平方向に伸びる壁面である。
図5は、第1の実施形態に係る前壁の設定方法を示すフローチャートである。
入力部212がモニタ装置142から前壁の設定指示を受け付けると、表示制御部213は、設定ボタンを含むガイダンス画面をモニタ装置142に表示させる(ステップS101)。ガイダンス画面には、前壁を設定したい点にバケット163の刃先を移動させて設定ボタンを操作する旨が表示される。オペレータは、作業機械100を操作し、バケット163の刃先を所望の位置に移動させた後に設定ボタンを操作する。入力部212はモニタ装置142から設定ボタンの操作を受け付ける(ステップS102)。
図6は、第1の実施形態に係る側壁の設定方法を示すフローチャートである。
入力部212がモニタ装置142から右壁または左壁の設定指示を受け付けると、表示制御部213は、設定ボタンを含む第1ガイダンス画面をモニタ装置142に表示させる(ステップS121)。ガイダンス画面には、右壁または左壁を設定したい点にバケット163の刃先を移動させて設定ボタンを操作する旨が表示される。オペレータは、作業機械100を操作し、バケット163の刃先を所望の位置に移動させた後に設定ボタンを操作する。入力部212はモニタ装置142から設定ボタンの操作を受け付ける(ステップS122)。
図7は、第1の実施形態に係る上壁の設定方法を示すフローチャートである。
入力部212がモニタ装置142から上壁の設定指示を受け付けると、表示制御部213は、設定ボタンを含むガイダンス画面をモニタ装置142に表示させる(ステップS141)。ガイダンス画面には、上壁を設定したい点にバケット163の刃先を移動させて設定ボタンを操作する旨が表示される。オペレータは、作業機械100を操作し、バケット163の刃先を所望の位置に移動させた後に設定ボタンを操作する。入力部212はモニタ装置142から設定ボタンの操作を受け付ける(ステップS142)。
図8は、第1の実施形態に係る下壁の設定方法を示すフローチャートである。
入力部212がモニタ装置142から下壁の設定指示を受け付けると、表示制御部213は、距離入力欄と設定ボタンを含むガイダンス画面をモニタ装置142に表示させる(ステップS161)。ガイダンス画面には、下壁を設定したい点の上方にバケット163の刃先を移動させ、距離入力欄に刃先から下壁までの距離を入力し、設定ボタンを操作する旨が表示される。距離入力欄には、初期値として0メートルが入力される。オペレータは、作業機械100を操作し、バケット163の刃先を所望の位置に移動させた後に設定ボタンを操作する。入力部212はモニタ装置142から距離入力欄への入力および設定ボタンの操作を受け付ける(ステップS162)。入力部212は、設定ボタンが操作された時点における距離入力欄の値を取得する(ステップS163)。
作業機械100は、旋回体140を旋回させて作業機160が届く範囲内の作業を行うことができる。そのため、通常、オペレータは、掘削などの作業を行う場合、作業機械100を旋回させる。車体座標系は、旋回体140を基準とするため、グローバル座標系の視点から見て作業機械100の旋回に追従して回転する。車体座標系に設定される仮想壁が作業機械100の旋回に追従して回転してしまうと、右壁および左壁は作業機械100に干渉することがなく、意味をなさない。例えば、旋回体140の右側に右壁を設定すると、旋回体140をどのように旋回させても、右壁は常に旋回体140の右側に維持され、作業機械100に干渉することがない。また、前壁は、作業機械100の旋回に追従して回転してしまうと、平面状の壁ではなく環状の壁としてふるまうため、建築物の壁面に沿った仮想壁として機能しない。
そのため、第1の実施形態に係る制御装置200は、作業機械100の旋回前後でグローバル座標系における仮想壁の位置を維持するために、仮想壁の回転変換処理を行う。
介入判定部218は、ステップS206で生成した断面とステップS208で選択した仮想壁との交線を水平仮想壁線として算出する(ステップS209)。なお、ステップS206で生成した断面と仮想壁との位置関係によっては水平仮想壁線が存在しない場合もある。水平仮想壁線が存在する場合、介入判定部218は、右旋回と左旋回のそれぞれについて、ステップS205で選択した点がステップS209で算出した水平仮想壁線と接触する旋回角を求める(ステップS210)。例えば、介入判定部218は、旋回中心を中心としてステップS205で選択した点を通る円と水平仮想壁線との交点を算出し、旋回中心からステップS205で選択した点へ伸びる線分と旋回中心から交点へ伸びる線分とのなす角を求める。なお、ステップS205で選択した点と水平仮想壁線との位置関係によっては交点が存在しない場合もある。
介入判定部218は、ステップS212で求めた作業機械100上の各点における仮想壁ごとの距離に基づいて、作業機160と仮想壁との最短距離を算出する(ステップS214)。
制限角速度テーブルは、例えば、オペレータによる旋回体140の操作感が損なわれない減速率に設定してもよい。
このように、制御装置200は、旋回体140の旋回に伴って車体座標系で規定された仮想壁を回転変換し、作業機械100の外殻が仮想壁と接触しないように、作業機械100を制御する。このように、車体座標系で規定された仮想壁を旋回体140の旋回に伴って回転させることで、制御装置200は、仮想壁の絶対位置を固定することができる。したがって、制御装置200は、グローバル座標系を参照することなく平面の仮想壁によって作業機械100の動作を制限することができる。平面の仮想壁を設定することで、通常平面で区切られる施工現場の領域への進入を適切に制限することができる。
以上、図面を参照して一実施形態について詳しく説明してきたが、具体的な構成は上述のものに限られることはなく、様々な設計変更等をすることが可能である。すなわち、他の実施形態においては、上述の処理の順序が適宜変更されてもよい。また、一部の処理が並列に実行されてもよい。
上述した実施形態に係る制御装置200は、単独のコンピュータによって構成されるものであってもよいし、制御装置200の構成を複数のコンピュータに分けて配置し、複数のコンピュータが互いに協働することで制御装置200として機能するものであってもよい。このとき、制御装置200を構成する一部のコンピュータが作業機械100の内部に搭載され、他のコンピュータが作業機械100の外部に設けられてもよい。
Claims (7)
- 旋回可能な旋回体を備える作業機械を制御する制御システムであって、
プロセッサを備え、
前記プロセッサは、
前記旋回体の代表点を原点とする車体座標系上に平面で規定される仮想壁を生成し、
前記旋回体の旋回に伴って、前記仮想壁を前記車体座標系の原点回りに回転変換し、
前記車体座標系における前記作業機械の外殻の位置を特定し、
前記外殻が前記仮想壁と接触しないように、前記作業機械を制御する、
制御システム。 - 前記プロセッサは、
前記旋回体の姿勢を計測する傾斜計測器から計測値を取得し、
前記計測値に基づいて前記旋回体の旋回によって生じた前記姿勢の変化量を計算し、
前記姿勢の変化量に基づいて、前記仮想壁を回転変換する
請求項1に記載の制御システム。 - 前記プロセッサは、
前記旋回体の姿勢を計測する傾斜計測器から計測値を取得し、
前記計測値に基づいて、鉛直方向または水平方向に伸びる前記仮想壁を生成する
請求項1または請求項2に記載の制御システム。 - 前記作業機械は、前記旋回体に設けられた作業機を備え、
前記プロセッサは、
前記作業機の先端の位置を特定し、
仮想壁の生成指示を受け付けたときに、前記作業機の先端の位置に前記仮想壁を生成する
請求項1から請求項3の何れか1項に記載の制御システム。 - 前記プロセッサは、
前記作業機械の外殻上の複数の点の位置を特定し、
前記複数の点の位置に基づいて、前記複数の点の少なくとも1つが前記旋回体を旋回させたときに前記仮想壁と接触する最小旋回角を求め、
前記最小旋回角に基づいて前記旋回体の旋回を制御する
請求項1から請求項4の何れか1項に記載の制御システム。 - 旋回可能な旋回体を備える作業機械の制御方法であって、
前記旋回体の代表点を原点とする車体座標系上に平面で規定される仮想壁を生成するステップと、
前記旋回体の旋回に伴って、前記仮想壁を前記車体座標系の原点回りに回転変換するステップと、
前記車体座標系における前記作業機械の外殻の位置を特定するステップと、
前記外殻が前記仮想壁と接触しないように、前記作業機械を制御するステップと
を備える制御方法。 - 旋回可能な旋回体を備える作業機械を制御するコンピュータに、
前記旋回体の代表点を原点とする車体座標系上に平面で規定される仮想壁を生成するステップと、
前記旋回体の旋回に伴って、前記仮想壁を前記車体座標系の原点回りに回転変換するステップと、
前記車体座標系における前記作業機械の外殻の位置を特定するステップと、
前記外殻が前記仮想壁と接触しないように、前記作業機械を制御するステップと
を実行させるための制御プログラム。
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