WO2023032615A1 - 液化水素タンク及びその設計方法 - Google Patents
液化水素タンク及びその設計方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023032615A1 WO2023032615A1 PCT/JP2022/030428 JP2022030428W WO2023032615A1 WO 2023032615 A1 WO2023032615 A1 WO 2023032615A1 JP 2022030428 W JP2022030428 W JP 2022030428W WO 2023032615 A1 WO2023032615 A1 WO 2023032615A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- tank
- liquefied hydrogen
- wall thickness
- leak
- design
- Prior art date
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 32
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 63
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000000556 factor analysis Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
- B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
- B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
- B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
- B63B25/16—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D90/00—Component parts, details or accessories for large containers
- B65D90/22—Safety features
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a structure of a liquefied hydrogen tank mounted on a vessel that transports liquid hydrogen (hereinafter referred to as a liquefied hydrogen carrier) and a method of designing the liquefied hydrogen tank.
- a known cargo tank for a liquefied hydrogen carrier includes an inner tank containing liquefied hydrogen, an outer tank surrounding the inner tank, and a heat insulating layer between the inner tank and the outer tank.
- Patent Literature 1 discloses an example of a cargo tank for a liquefied hydrogen carrier.
- Non-Patent Document 1 The design and manufacture of ships that transport liquefied gas are required to comply with the IGC Code (Non-Patent Document 1), an international regulation.
- the current IGC Code is intended for ships that transport liquefied gases such as LPG and LNG, and liquefied hydrogen carriers are not covered by the IGC Code, and liquefied hydrogen does not have requirements for transportation. .
- the design steam pressure Po is set sufficiently high in anticipation of the safety factor, so the minimum design pressure is also high, and the strength corresponding to this minimum design pressure is provided. Therefore, the wall thickness of the tank is designed to be sufficiently large. As a result, the dynamic fluctuation stress of the tank is sufficiently small, and the assumed initial defect development is also sufficiently small compared to the wall thickness. is not obligatory.
- the design system for tanks other than Type C tanks i.e. Type A tanks or Type B tanks
- the design method of type C tanks according to the IGC code has mainly been applied only to small tanks with a volume of 20000 m 3 or less. The reason is that if the type C tank design method conforming to the IGC code is applied to a large tank, the wall thickness of the tank corresponding to the minimum design pressure exceeds the practical numerical range.
- the present disclosure has been made in view of the above circumstances, and its purpose is to realize mass transportation of cryogenic liquefied hydrogen, in a liquefied hydrogen tank mounted on a ship, regardless of the size of the liquefied hydrogen tank.
- the object of the present invention is to propose a structure and a design method capable of preventing leakage of liquid or gaseous hydrogen.
- a liquefied hydrogen tank is a liquefied hydrogen tank mounted on a ship, comprising an inner tank containing liquefied hydrogen and an outer tank surrounding the inner tank, wherein the inner tank and the outer tank At least one of the tanks is a leaktight tank, said leaktight tank being characterized by a wall thickness such that incipient defects do not propagate more than half the wall thickness during the life of the tank.
- a method for designing a liquefied hydrogen tank is a method for designing a liquefied hydrogen tank mounted on a ship, which includes an inner tank containing liquefied hydrogen and an outer tank surrounding the inner tank. , At least one of the inner tank and the outer tank is a leak prevention tank, In a first processor, a tank life of the leakproof tank, an initial defect size of the leakproof tank, a temperature of the leakproof tank, a stress intensity factor of the leakproof tank, and a stress induced in the leakproof tank.
- a second processor acquires the obtained crack growth amount and the design wall thickness of the leakage prevention tank, and if the crack growth amount does not grow beyond half of the design wall thickness, the design wall determining that the thickness is appropriate, and determining that the design wall thickness is inappropriate when the amount of crack growth grows beyond half of the design wall thickness,
- the wall thickness of the leakage prevention tank is determined so as to be equal to or greater than the design wall thickness determined to be appropriate.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a ship equipped with a liquefied hydrogen tank according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a liquefied hydrogen carrier.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the configuration of a device for designing a leak-proof tank.
- FIG. 4 is a functional block diagram of a leak-proof tank design device.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a ship 1 equipped with a liquefied hydrogen tank 3 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- a ship 1 shown in FIG. 1 includes a hull 2 and four liquefied hydrogen tanks 3 mounted on the hull 2 .
- the liquefied hydrogen tank 3 according to this embodiment is a cargo tank for transporting liquefied hydrogen, and the ship 1 is a liquefied hydrogen carrier.
- the liquefied hydrogen tanks 3 are arranged in the longitudinal direction in this embodiment, they may be arranged in the transverse direction when the width of the ship is wide.
- the number of liquefied hydrogen tanks 3 mounted on the hull 2 may be one, or may be two or more.
- the four liquefied hydrogen tanks 3 have substantially the same structure.
- the liquefied hydrogen tank 3 is constructed as a multilayer tank.
- the ship 1 is equipped with a plurality of liquefied hydrogen tanks 3, the plurality of liquefied hydrogen tanks 3 may have different structures.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the ship 1.
- the liquefied hydrogen tank 3 includes an inner tank 4 containing liquefied hydrogen and an outer tank 5 surrounding the inner tank 4 .
- the volume of the inner tank 4 is more than 20000 m 3 and not more than 50000 m 3 , and the liquefied hydrogen tank 3 is classified as a relatively large tank.
- the inner tank 4 has a substantially spherical inner tank main body 41 .
- the inner tank 4 may be provided with an inner tank dome protruding upward from the inner tank main body 41 .
- the outer tub 5 includes a substantially spherical outer tub main body 51 .
- the outer tub 5 may be provided with an outer tub dome protruding upward from the outer tub main body 51 .
- the inner tank main body 41 and the outer tank main body 51 do not necessarily have to be spherical, and may have a horizontally elongated cylindrical shape or a vertically elongated cylindrical shape.
- the inner tank main body 41 and the outer tank main body 51 may be cubic or rectangular parallelepiped.
- the inner tank 4 and the outer tank 5 are separated in the thickness direction of the tank.
- a space between the inner bath 4 and the outer bath 5 is called a "first region 31".
- a first heat insulating layer is formed in the first region 31 .
- the first heat insulating layer is composed of the first gas and heat insulating material filled in the first region 31 .
- the first region 31 filled with the first gas is substantially at atmospheric pressure or in a low vacuum state.
- the first gas is hydrogen gas or helium gas. Atmospheric pressure indicates about 10 5 Pa, but since the pressure in the first region 31 may fluctuate due to temperature, shaking of the hull 2, etc., the term “substantially atmospheric pressure” is used in the present specification and claims. can include about 10 5 Pa and atmospheric pressure with a range of pressure fluctuations greater than about 10 5 Pa. Also, the low vacuum state means a pressure lower than the atmospheric pressure and between 10 5 Pa and 10 2 Pa.
- the first gas is hydrogen gas, even if the gas phase portion of the inner tank 4 and the first region 31 are communicated so that the vaporized gas generated in the inner tank 4 flows into the first region 31 good.
- the liquefied hydrogen tank 3 according to the present embodiment is not of the vacuum insulation type, but the inner tank 4 and the inner tank 4 are A vacuum heat insulating layer may be provided between the outer tanks 5 .
- the hull 2 has a plurality of holds 21 that open upward.
- a plurality of holds 21 are arranged in the longitudinal direction, and the holds 21 are separated from each other by walls 22.
- - The lower portions of the inner tank 4 and the outer tank 5 are accommodated inside each hold 21 .
- the upper part of the outer tank 5 is covered with a tank cover 6.
- - The outer tank 5 is surrounded by a wall 22 and a tank cover 6 which are components of the hull 2 forming a hold 21 .
- a space between the outer tank 5, the tank cover 6, and the wall 22 of the hold 21 is called a "second area 32".
- a second heat insulating layer is formed in the second region 32 .
- the second heat insulating layer is composed of a heat insulating material arranged around the outer wall of the outer tank 5 and the second gas filled in the second region 32 .
- the second region 32 filled with the second gas is substantially at atmospheric pressure. Although not particularly limited, the second region 32 may have a higher pressure than the first region 31 .
- the second gas includes at least one of an inert gas such as nitrogen and dry air.
- the second region 32 may be filled with dry air and the inert gas may be held in the second heat insulating layer.
- skirts 25 are provided that are separated from each other in the longitudinal direction.
- the skirt 25 supports the outer tub 5 .
- a pair of support members 35 for supporting the inner tank main body 41 are provided between the inner tank 4 and the outer tank 5 .
- the skirt 25 is arranged on the extension line of the support member 35, but the arrangement of the support member 35 and the skirt 25 is not limited to this embodiment.
- Tank type of liquefied hydrogen tank 3 Here, the tank type of the liquefied hydrogen tank 3 will be described in detail.
- the outer tank 5 is configured as an independent tank independent from the hull 2, and the liquefied hydrogen tank 3 is an independent tank as a whole.
- An independent tank is a self-supporting tank that does not form part of the hull structure and is not essential to the strength of the hull.
- At least one of the inner tank 4 and the outer tank 5 is a leak-proof tank.
- a leak proof tank has a wall thickness such that incipient defects do not propagate more than half the wall thickness during the life of the tank. In such a leak-proof tank, since the presumed initial defect development is sufficiently small relative to the wall thickness (wall thickness), leakage of the liquid or gas contained in the leak-proof tank is not assumed.
- a leak-proof tank defined in this way corresponds to a type C tank defined by the IGC Code in that the contained liquid or gas is not assumed to leak.
- both the inner tank 4 and the outer tank 5 are leak-proof tanks.
- the inner tank 4 contains liquefied hydrogen, and the first region 31 between the inner tank 4 and the outer tank 5 is filled with hydrogen gas. It is difficult to distinguish whether the hydrogen gas is due to leakage from the inner tank 4 or has been filled in the first region 31 in advance.
- the inner tank 4 since it is difficult to detect leakage of liquefied hydrogen from the inner tank 4, the inner tank 4 is particularly required to be configured so as not to cause leakage of liquefied hydrogen. Therefore, it is desirable that at least the inner tank 4 be a leak-proof tank.
- the outer tank 5 is desirably a leak prevention tank in order to prevent the combustible hydrogen gas in the first region 31 from leaking from the outer tank 5 .
- the inner tank 4 is a leak-proof tank. It doesn't have to be a tank.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram of the design device 8 for the leak-proof tank.
- a method for designing a leak-proof tank is implemented using a design device 8 .
- the design device 8 is composed of at least one computer 80 .
- Each computer 80 includes a processor 81 and a memory 82 in which programs executed by the processor 81, information, and the like are stored.
- the memory 82 is connected to the processor 81 so that information can be read from and written to.
- An input device, an output device, an auxiliary storage device, a communication interface, and the like may be connected to the processor 81 .
- the functionality of the design apparatus 8 disclosed herein includes general purpose processors, special purpose processors, integrated circuits, Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), conventional circuits, and/or configured or programmed to perform the disclosed functionality. Alternatively, it can be implemented using a circuit or processing circuit that includes a combination thereof.
- a processor is considered a processing circuit or circuit because it includes transistors and other circuits.
- a circuit, unit or means is hardware that performs the recited function.
- the hardware may be the hardware disclosed herein, or other known hardware programmed or configured to perform the recited functions. Where the hardware is a processor which is considered a type of circuit, the circuit, means or unit is a combination of hardware and software, the software being used to configure the hardware and/or the processor.
- FIG. 4 is a functional block diagram of the design device 8.
- the design device 8 includes a stress analysis unit 84, a fatigue crack growth analysis unit 85 for obtaining a crack growth amount, a stress intensity factor analysis unit 86 for obtaining a stress intensity factor, a determination unit 87, and a wall thickness determination unit 88.
- Each functional part is provided.
- a plurality of functional units may be configured in a single computer 80, or a plurality of functional units may be distributed in a plurality of computers 80 and configured.
- the design wall thickness is set in the design device 8 when implementing the design method of the leak-proof tank.
- the design wall thickness is an arbitrary value, but it is set within the range of values that are practicable for the wall plate of a leakproof tank. For example, if the wall plate of the leakage prevention tank is a steel plate, the design wall thickness is set in the range of 60 mm or less, and if the wall plate of the leakage prevention tank is a non-ferrous steel plate, the design wall thickness may be set in the range of 80 mm or less. .
- a design method for a leak-proof tank includes (1) a stress analysis step, (2) a stress intensity factor analysis step, (3) a crack growth analysis step, (4) a determination step, and (5) a wall thickness determination step. include.
- the wall thickness determination step may be performed by the designer in place of the wall thickness determination section 88 .
- the method of stress analysis by the stress analysis unit 84 is not particularly limited, but examples include numerical analysis methods such as the finite element method, simulation, and the like.
- the stress analysis unit 84 acquires the fluctuating load caused by the swaying of the hull 2 due to waves during sailing and the waves received by the hull 2, and calculates the fluctuating load from the hull structure, the leakage prevention tank structure, and the tank support structure. It is possible to obtain the generated stress (the generated stress distribution of the leakage prevention tank) estimated by performing numerical analysis by loading the numerical analysis model of the entire ship 1 including. A set wall thickness is incorporated as a parameter in the leaktight tank construction.
- the fluctuating load and the numerical analysis model may be given to the stress analysis section 84 in advance.
- the fluctuating load can be obtained by simulation based on the conditions of the route of the ship 1, or obtained experimentally.
- the stress intensity factor analysis unit 86 obtains the stress intensity factor of the crack (stress intensity factor distribution of the leakage prevention tank).
- Stress intensity factor analysis techniques are known.
- a stress intensity factor analysis method by the stress intensity factor analysis unit 86 is not particularly limited, but a numerical analysis method such as the finite element method is exemplified.
- the stress intensity factor analysis unit 86 performs numerical analysis including, for example, the generated stress obtained by the stress analysis unit 84, the leakage prevention tank structure including the shape of the welded portion, the size of the initial defect of the leakage prevention tank, and the crack shape.
- elastic stress analysis by the finite element method is performed to obtain the stress intensity factor of the crack.
- the stress intensity factor analysis unit 86 may change the analysis method according to the analysis part of the leak-proof tank.
- the fatigue crack growth analysis unit 85 obtains the crack growth amount of the initial defect of the leakage prevention tank by fatigue crack growth analysis.
- the method of fatigue crack growth analysis by the fatigue crack growth analysis unit 85 is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include numerical analysis methods such as the finite element method, simulation, and the like.
- the fatigue crack growth analysis unit 85 acquires the tank life of the leakage prevention tank, the fracture toughness of the material of the leakage prevention tank, the stress intensity factor of the analysis portion, and the generated stress of the analysis portion, and converts them into fatigue cracks.
- the amount of crack growth of the initial defect during the life of the tank can be obtained by performing numerical analysis by loading it into the growth analysis model.
- the size of the initial defect may be any value corresponding to the size of the initial defect that can actually exist.
- the tank life may be any value that corresponds to the life of the vessel 1 . Based on the tank life, the number of stress cycles generated during the tank life can be estimated.
- the temperature of the leak-preventing tank is the temperature of the leak-preventing tank when the inner tank 4 contains liquefied hydrogen.
- the fracture toughness the fracture toughness of the material at the temperature of the leak-proof tank when the inner tank 4 contains liquefied hydrogen may be used.
- the stress intensity factor of the analyzed region the one calculated by the stress intensity factor analysis unit 86 may be used.
- the generated stress at the analysis site may be calculated by the stress analysis unit 84 .
- the determination unit 87 determines that the design wall thickness is “suitable” if it satisfies the requirement of “a wall thickness in which initial defects do not propagate beyond half of the wall thickness during the life of the tank”. Otherwise, it is determined as "unsuitable”. Specifically, the determination unit 87 acquires the crack growth amount of the initial defect in the tank life obtained by the fatigue crack growth analysis unit 85, and if the crack growth amount does not exceed half of the design wall thickness (i.e. , when the amount of crack growth is less than half of the design wall thickness), the design wall thickness is determined to be appropriate, and when the amount of crack growth exceeds half of the design wall thickness, the design wall thickness is determined to be inappropriate.
- the wall thickness determining section 88 determines the wall thickness of the leakage prevention tank so that it is equal to or larger than the design wall thickness determined to be appropriate by the determining section 87 .
- a leak-proof tank is designed with the wall thickness thus determined.
- the suitability of the design wall thickness is judged based on the amount of crack growth. You can judge.
- the stress intensity factor analysis unit 86 calculates the stress intensity factor of the crack (i.e., the crack in the tank life) in which the initial defect has grown by the amount of crack growth obtained by the fatigue crack growth analysis unit 85 as an unstable fracture. Obtained as a judgment index. If this criterion is greater than or equal to the fracture toughness value, unstable fracture is expected to occur during the life of the tank.
- the determination unit 87 acquires the determination index and the fracture toughness value of the material of the leakage prevention tank, determines that the design wall thickness is inappropriate when the determination index is equal to or greater than the fracture toughness value, and determines that the determination index is the fracture toughness value.
- the design wall thickness is judged to be suitable if the value is less than
- a liquefied hydrogen tank 3 is a liquefied hydrogen tank 3 mounted on a ship 1 and includes an inner tank 4 containing liquefied hydrogen and an outer tank 5 surrounding the inner tank 4. , at least one of the inner tank 4 and the outer tank 5 is a leak-proof tank, characterized in that the leak-proof tank has a wall thickness such that incipient faults do not propagate more than half the wall thickness during the life of the tank. .
- both the inner tank 4 and the outer tank 5 may be leak-proof tanks.
- the space between the inner tank 4 and the outer tank 5 is filled with hydrogen gas, and the inner tank 4 may be a leak prevention tank.
- the space between the inner tank 4 and the outer tank 5 is filled with hydrogen gas, and the outer tank 5 may be a leak prevention tank.
- the liquefied hydrogen tank 3 configured as described above, even if there is an initial defect in the leakage prevention tank included in the liquefied hydrogen tank 3, the progress of the initial defect during the life of the tank is sufficiently small relative to the wall thickness. Leakage of liquids or gases contained in leakproof tanks is not assumed.
- Such a leak-proof tank corresponds to a Type C tank defined by the IGC Code in that no leakage of the contained liquid or gas is assumed. Therefore, the leak-proof tank and the liquefied hydrogen tank 3 having the same can omit the secondary barrier.
- the volume of the inner tank 4 may exceed 20,000 m 3 and be 50,000 m 3 or less.
- the liquefied hydrogen tank 3 is a relatively large tank as described above, it can have a wall thickness that can be actually constructed while providing a predetermined leak prevention function.
- the design method of the liquefied hydrogen tank 3 includes: In the first processor (fatigue crack growth analysis unit 85), the tank life of the leakage prevention tank, the size of the initial defect of the leakage prevention tank, the temperature of the leakage prevention tank, the stress intensity factor of the leakage prevention tank, and the leakage prevention The stress generated in the tank is acquired, and the amount of crack growth of the initial defect due to the stress corresponding to the number of cycles corresponding to the life of the tank is obtained by fatigue crack growth analysis, The second processor (determining unit 87) acquires the obtained crack growth amount and the design wall thickness of the leakage prevention tank, and if the crack growth amount does not grow beyond half of the design wall thickness, the design wall thickness is judged to be suitable, and the design wall thickness is judged to be unsuitable when the amount of crack growth grows beyond half of the design wall thickness, It is characterized in that the wall thickness of the leakage prevention tank is determined so as to be equal to or greater than the design wall thickness determined to be appropriate. Note that the first processor and
- the design method of the liquefied hydrogen tank 3 is The third processor (stress intensity factor analysis unit 86) obtains the stress intensity factor of a crack that has progressed from the initial defect during the life of the tank as a determination index, and the fourth processor (wall thickness determination unit 88) determines the leakage prevention Obtaining the fracture toughness value of the tank material, and determining that the design wall thickness is inappropriate because the occurrence of unstable fracture is expected during the life of the tank when the determination index is equal to or greater than the fracture toughness value. may contain.
- the calculation of the stress intensity factor may be performed for the final crack shape after the tank life period has elapsed, or may be performed for the crack shape that develops during the tank life period.
- the first to fourth processors may be physically the same processor, or may be processors independent of each other.
- the suitability of the designed wall thickness is further determined based on the presence or absence of the occurrence of unstable fracture, so it is possible to design a tank that can more reliably prevent leakage.
- the inner tank 4 is generally classified as a large tank. good. That is, the structure and design method of the liquefied hydrogen tank 3 according to the present disclosure are not limited to the scale of the tank, and may be applied to small tanks and large tanks exceeding 50000 m 3 .
- the liquefied hydrogen tank 3 is a cargo tank, but the structure and design method of the liquefied hydrogen tank 3 according to the present disclosure may be applied to a fuel tank mounted on the ship 1.
- the ship 1 is not limited to a liquefied hydrogen carrier.
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Abstract
Description
前記内槽及び前記外槽のうち少なくとも一方を漏洩防止タンクとし、
第1のプロセッサで、前記漏洩防止タンクのタンク寿命、前記漏洩防止タンクの初期欠陥の大きさ、前記漏洩防止タンクの温度、前記漏洩防止タンクの応力拡大係数、及び、前記漏洩防止タンクに生じる応力を取得し、前記タンク寿命と対応する繰り返し数の前記応力による前記初期欠陥のき裂進展量を疲労き裂進展解析により求め、
第2のプロセッサで、求めた前記き裂進展量、及び、前記漏洩防止タンクの設計壁厚を取得し、前記き裂進展量が前記設計壁厚の半分を超えて進展しない場合に前記設計壁厚を適と判定し、前記き裂進展量が前記設計壁厚の半分を超えて進展する場合に前記設計壁厚を不適と判定し、
適と判断された前記設計壁厚以上となるように前記漏洩防止タンクの壁厚を決定することを特徴としている。
ここで、液化水素タンク3のタンク形式について詳細に説明する。
ここで、液化水素タンク3を構成する内槽4及び外槽5のうち漏洩防止タンクの設計方法について詳細に説明する。
船舶1は、海洋の波浪中を航行するため、船体2の表面には波浪による変動圧力が作用する。この変動圧力により船体2が動揺し、動揺の加速度により貨物である液体水素の慣性力に起因する変動荷重が漏洩防止タンクに作用する。この変動荷重によって、漏洩防止タンクに変動する応力、即ち、動的応力が発生する。応力解析部84は、このように船体2の動揺によって漏洩防止タンク、特に、漏洩防止タンクの溶接部に発生する応力を求める。
応力拡大係数解析部86は、き裂の応力拡大係数(漏洩防止タンクの応力拡大係数分布)を求める。種々の応力拡大係数の解析手法が公知である。応力拡大係数解析部86による応力拡大係数解析手法は特に限定されないが、有限要素法などの数値解析手法が例示される。応力拡大係数解析部86は、例えば、応力解析部84で求めた発生応力と、溶接部形状を含めた漏洩防止タンク構造と、漏洩防止タンクの初期欠陥の大きさと、き裂形状を含む数値解析モデルを用いて、有限要素法による弾性応力解析でき裂の応力拡大係数を求める。応力拡大係数解析部86は、漏洩防止タンクの解析部位に応じて解析方法を変えてもよい。
疲労き裂進展解析部85は、疲労き裂進展解析により漏洩防止タンクの初期欠陥のき裂進展量を求める。疲労き裂進展解析部85による疲労き裂進展解析の手法は特に限定されないが、有限要素法などの数値解析手法のほか、シミュレーションなどが例示される。例えば、疲労き裂進展解析部85は、漏洩防止タンクのタンク寿命、漏洩防止タンクの材料の破壊靭性、解析部位の応力拡大係数、及び、解析部位の発生応力を取得し、これらを疲労き裂進展解析モデルに負荷して数値解析を行うことにより、タンク寿命における初期欠陥のき裂進展量を求めることができる。タンク寿命、初期欠陥の大きさ、漏洩防止タンクの温度、漏洩防止タンクの材料の破壊靭性などのタンク構造に関する情報は予め疲労き裂進展解析部85へ与えられる。初期欠陥の大きさは、実際に存在し得る初期欠陥の大きさに相当する任意の値であってよい。タンク寿命は、船舶1の寿命に相当する任意の値であってよい。タンク寿命に基づいて、タンク寿命中の発生応力の繰り返し数を推定することができる。漏洩防止タンクの温度は、内槽4に液化水素が収容されているときの漏洩防止タンクの温度である。破壊靭性は、内槽4に液化水素が収容されているときの漏洩防止タンクの温度の材料の破壊靭性が用いられてよい。解析部位の応力拡大係数は、応力拡大係数解析部86で算出されたものが用いられてよい。解析部位の発生応力は、応力解析部84で算出されたものが用いられてよい。
判定部87は、設計壁厚が「タンク寿命中に初期欠陥が壁の厚さの半分を超えて伝播しない壁厚」という要件を満たす場合に「適」と判定し、それ以外では「不適」と判定する。具体的には、判定部87は、疲労き裂進展解析部85で求めたタンク寿命における初期欠陥のき裂進展量を取得し、き裂進展量が設計壁厚の半分を超えない場合(即ち、き裂進展量が設計壁厚の半分以下の場合)に当該設計壁厚を適と判定し、き裂進展量が設計壁厚の半分を超える場合に当該設計壁厚を不適と判定する。
壁厚決定部88は、判定部87で適と判断された設計壁厚以上となるように漏洩防止タンクの壁厚を決定する。このようにして決定された壁厚を有する漏洩防止タンクが設計される。
本開示の実施形態に係る液化水素タンク3は、船舶1に搭載される液化水素タンク3であって、液化水素が収容される内槽4と、内槽4を包囲する外槽5とを備え、内槽4及び外槽5のうち少なくとも一方は漏洩防止タンクであり、漏洩防止タンクはタンク寿命中に初期欠陥が壁の厚さの半分を超えて伝播しない壁厚を有することを特徴としている。
第1のプロセッサ(疲労き裂進展解析部85)で、漏洩防止タンクのタンク寿命、漏洩防止タンクの初期欠陥の大きさ、漏洩防止タンクの温度、漏洩防止タンクの応力拡大係数、及び、漏洩防止タンクに生じる応力を取得し、タンク寿命と対応する繰り返し数の応力による初期欠陥のき裂進展量を疲労き裂進展解析により求め、
第2のプロセッサ(判定部87)で、求めたき裂進展量、及び、漏洩防止タンクの設計壁厚を取得し、き裂進展量が設計壁厚の半分を超えて進展しない場合に設計壁厚を適と判定し、き裂進展量が設計壁厚の半分を超えて進展する場合に設計壁厚を不適と判定し、
適と判断された設計壁厚以上となるように漏洩防止タンクの壁厚を決定することを特徴としている。なお、第1のプロセッサと第2のプロセッサは、物理的に同一のプロセッサであってもよいし、互いに独立したプロセッサであってもよい。
第3のプロセッサ(応力拡大係数解析部86)で、タンク寿命中に初期欠陥から進展したき裂の応力拡大係数を判定指標として求め、第4のプロセッサ(壁厚決定部88)で、漏洩防止タンクの材料の破壊靭性値を取得し、判定指標が破壊靭性値以上の場合に、タンク寿命の期間に不安定破壊の発生が予期されることから設計壁厚を不適と判定することを、更に含んでいてもよい。なお、応力拡大係数の計算は、タンク寿命期間経過後の最終のき裂形状に対して行われてもよいし、タンク寿命期間中に進展するき裂形状に対して逐次行われてもよい。また、第1乃至第4のプロセッサは、物理的に同一のプロセッサであってもよいし、互いに独立したプロセッサであってもよい。
Claims (6)
- 船舶に搭載される液化水素タンクであって、
液化水素が収容される内槽と、前記内槽を包囲する外槽とを備え、前記内槽及び前記外槽のうち少なくとも一方は漏洩防止タンクであり、前記漏洩防止タンクはタンク寿命中に初期欠陥が壁の厚さの半分を超えて伝播しない壁厚を有する、
液化水素タンク。 - 前記内槽及び前記外槽の双方が前記漏洩防止タンクである
請求項1に記載の液化水素タンク。 - 前記内槽と前記外槽との槽間に水素ガスが充填されており、
前記内槽は前記漏洩防止タンクであり、且つ、前記外槽は前記漏洩防止タンクではない、
請求項1に記載の液化水素タンク。 - 前記内槽の容積は20000m3を超えて50000m3以下である、
請求項1乃至3のいずれか一項に記載の液化水素タンク。 - 液化水素が収容される内槽と、前記内槽を包囲する外槽とを備え、船舶に搭載される液化水素タンクの設計方法であって、
前記内槽及び前記外槽のうち少なくとも一方を漏洩防止タンクとし、
第1のプロセッサで、前記漏洩防止タンクのタンク寿命、前記漏洩防止タンクの初期欠陥の大きさ、前記漏洩防止タンクの温度、前記漏洩防止タンクの応力拡大係数、及び、前記漏洩防止タンクに生じる応力を取得し、前記タンク寿命と対応する繰り返し数の前記応力による前記初期欠陥のき裂進展量を疲労き裂進展解析により求め、
第2のプロセッサで、求めた前記き裂進展量、及び、前記漏洩防止タンクの設計壁厚を取得し、前記き裂進展量が前記設計壁厚の半分を超えて進展しない場合に前記設計壁厚を適と判定し、前記き裂進展量が前記設計壁厚の半分を超えて進展する場合に前記設計壁厚を不適と判定し、
適と判断された前記設計壁厚以上となるように前記漏洩防止タンクの壁厚を決定する、液化水素タンクの設計方法。 - 第3のプロセッサで、タンク寿命期間中に前記初期欠陥から進展したき裂の応力拡大係数を判定指標として求め、
第4のプロセッサで、前記漏洩防止タンクの材料の破壊靭性値を取得し、前記判定指標が前記破壊靭性値以上の場合に、前記タンク寿命の期間に不安定破壊の発生が予期されることから前記設計壁厚を不適と判定する、
請求項5に記載の液化水素タンクの設計方法。
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