WO2023027358A1 - 전극, 이의 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 정전기 방전 시스템 - Google Patents
전극, 이의 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 정전기 방전 시스템 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023027358A1 WO2023027358A1 PCT/KR2022/010996 KR2022010996W WO2023027358A1 WO 2023027358 A1 WO2023027358 A1 WO 2023027358A1 KR 2022010996 W KR2022010996 W KR 2022010996W WO 2023027358 A1 WO2023027358 A1 WO 2023027358A1
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- bacteria
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 107
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001039 wet etching Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000231 atomic layer deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000000845 anti-microbial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 35
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 21
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
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- 241000191967 Staphylococcus aureus Species 0.000 description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
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- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- SDGKUVSVPIIUCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dimethylpiperidine Chemical compound CC1CCCC(C)N1 SDGKUVSVPIIUCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000192125 Firmicutes Species 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229950005630 nanofin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000193449 Clostridium tetani Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013960 Lactobacillus bulgaricus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000186672 Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus Species 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000057717 Streptococcus lactis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014897 Streptococcus lactis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 206010043376 Tetanus Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
- B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
- B03C3/45—Collecting-electrodes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
- B03C3/66—Applications of electricity supply techniques
- B03C3/68—Control systems therefor
Definitions
- the present application relates to an electrode, a method for manufacturing the electrode, and an electrostatic discharge system including the electrode.
- Electrostatic discharge technology for improving indoor air quality has been mainly used to replace the HEPA filter shown in FIG. 1 using electric dust collection or to overcome the disadvantages of local UV sterilization shown in FIG. 2 using negative ion generation. .
- a new approach to electrostatic discharge technology is needed to innovatively control bio-fine dust, which accounts for 1/3 of indoor airborne pollutants.
- the object of the present application is an electrode that has excellent negative ion generation concentration, maintains the residual ozone concentration below the indoor standard value, prevents corrosion of the electrode, and exhibits excellent antibacterial performance, a manufacturing method of the electrode, and an electrostatic discharge including the electrode to provide the system.
- This application relates to electrodes.
- the negative ion generation concentration is excellent, the residual ozone concentration is maintained below the indoor standard value, corrosion of the electrode is prevented, and excellent antibacterial performance can be exhibited.
- nano may mean a size in nanometer (nm) units, for example, 0.1 nm to 1,000 nm, but is not limited thereto.
- nanoofin means that protrusions having an average diameter in nanometers (nm) are formed on the surface of a body having a pin shape.
- a “pin” may refer to a structure having a pointed shape with a rod shape having a length greater than a cross-sectional area and a diameter decreasing toward an end side.
- the electrode includes a body 11 , a protrusion 12 and a coating part 13 .
- the body 11 is a part that becomes the body of the electrode.
- the body may have a pin shape. Since the body of the electrode has a pin shape, an active area when generating negative ions can be widened, and an ionization discharge initiation voltage for generating negative ions can be lowered, thereby suppressing ozone generation.
- the body 11 may be made of electrode materials commonly used in the art. Specifically, the body 11 may include a transition metal made of iron, tungsten, silver, copper, gold, nickel, cobalt, zinc, molybdenum, or an alloy thereof.
- the protrusion 12 is a part that protrudes from the surface of the body 11, is formed on the surface of the body 11, and may have a nano size.
- the electrode has nano-sized protrusions on the surface of the body, so that the ionization discharge onset voltage required for generating negative ions is lowered, and when negative ions are generated, negative ions distributed on the surface of the body and the protruding parts are dispersed, thereby It is possible to induce a shape in which the generation of ozone is suppressed and the amount of negative ions is increased by allowing the outer electrons of oxygen atoms to be mainly separated rather than oxygen dissociation with the reduced impulse due to the generated low electron movement speed. In addition, because of this, the electrode can maintain the residual ozone concentration below the indoor standard value.
- a plurality of protrusions 12 may be formed on the surface of the body 11, but the number is not particularly limited.
- the term “plural number” means two or more, and the upper limit is not particularly limited.
- the protrusion 12 may have a radius of curvature of 1 nm to 10 ⁇ m.
- the radius of curvature of the protrusion 12 may be 5 nm to 8 ⁇ m, 10 nm to 6 ⁇ m, 50 nm to 4 ⁇ m, or 100 nm to 2 ⁇ m. Since the protrusion 12 has a radius of curvature within the aforementioned range, an ionization discharge initiation voltage for generating negative ions may be lowered, and thus ozone generation may be suppressed by lowering an electric field strength.
- the electrode may have an ionization discharge initiation voltage for generating negative ions of 0.02 kV to 20 kV, specifically, 0.05 kV to 18 kV, 0.1 kV to 15 kV, 0.5 kV to 13 kV, or 1 kV to 10 kV. It can be kV.
- the electric field intensity may be lowered to suppress ozone generation.
- V s the ionization discharge initiation voltage for generating the negative ion
- r is the radius of curvature of the protrusion
- E is the electric field strength when ionization begins to appear on the surface of the body and the protrusion to generate negative ions
- d is the distance between the electrode and the ground.
- the electric field strength (E) can be calculated by substituting the ionization discharge initiation voltage (V s ) obtained through an actual experiment, the curvature radius (r) of the previously designated protrusion, and the distance (d) between the electrode and the ground plate. .
- the distance (d) between the electrode and the ground plate may be 4 mm to 16 mm in the air, specifically, the lower limit may be 6 mm or more, 8 mm or more, or 10 mm or more, and the upper limit may be 14 mm or less or 12 mm may be below.
- the distance between the electrode and the ground plate satisfies the aforementioned range, application of a voltage for generating negative ions is lowered, and thus ozone generation can be suppressed by lowering the electric field strength.
- voltage application for generating negative ions increases, resulting in increased electric field strength and increased ozone production.
- the protrusion 12 is integrated with the body 11 by a forming step to be described later, and may be made of the same material as the body 11 .
- the protrusion 12 may include a transition metal made of iron, tungsten, silver, copper, gold, nickel, cobalt, zinc, molybdenum, or an alloy thereof.
- the coating part 13 is a part formed by coating the surface of the body 11 and the protrusion part 12, and is a part formed by coating the above-mentioned surface with conductive carbon.
- the electrode includes a coating portion in which conductive carbon is coated on the surface of the electrode, so that corrosion of the electrode can be prevented and excellent antibacterial performance can be exhibited.
- the coating part may be formed in the form of a film or fiber on the surface of the body and the protrusion.
- the conductive carbon is conductive carbon, and may be included in the electrode in an amount of 10 parts by weight to 40 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the transition metal. Specifically, the conductive carbon is 13 parts by weight to 38 parts by weight, 15 parts by weight to 35 parts by weight, 18 parts by weight to 33 parts by weight, 20 parts by weight to 30 parts by weight, 23 parts by weight to 100 parts by weight of the transition metal 28 parts by weight or 25 parts by weight to 28 parts by weight may be included in the electrode.
- the negative ion generation concentration is excellent, the residual ozone concentration is maintained below the indoor standard value, and excellent antibacterial performance can be exhibited.
- the negative ion generation concentration measured while supplying air to the electrode at a flow rate of 5 L/min may be 8 ⁇ 10 5 ions/cm 3 or more.
- the concentration of negative ions generated by applying a DC negative voltage for example, a DC negative voltage of 7 kV, while supplying air at the above-described flow rate, is measured at a certain distance, in one embodiment, 3.5 cm.
- the negative ion generation concentration of the electrode measured under the above conditions is specifically, 9 ⁇ 10 5 ions/cm 3 or more, 10 ⁇ 10 5 ions/cm 3 or more, 11 ⁇ 10 5 ions/cm 3 or more, or 12 ⁇ 10 5 ions/cm 3 or more.
- the upper limit of the negative ion generating concentration of the electrode measured under the above conditions is 1 ⁇ 10 8 ions/cm 3 or less, 5 ⁇ 10 7 ions/cm 3 or less, 1 ⁇ 10 7 ions/cm 3 or less, 5 ⁇ 10 6 ions/cm 3 or less, 4 ⁇ 10 6 ions/cm 3 or less, 35 ⁇ 10 5 ions/cm 3 or less, or 33 ⁇ 10 5 ions/cm 3 or less.
- the electrode has an excellent negative ion generation concentration and can maintain a residual ozone concentration below the indoor standard value by satisfying the above-described range in the negative ion generation concentration measured under the above conditions.
- the negative ion measuring unit is installed at a certain distance from the part where the negative ion is generated, so that the generated negative ion can be measured after it is sufficiently diffused in the air, thereby increasing the reliability of the measurement.
- the negative ion generator is installed at a distance less than the predetermined distance from the part where the negative ion is generated, there may be a risk of generating an arc due to electric field interference between the two parts.
- air containing negative ions generated under the above conditions is injected into a 22 L chamber together with 2000 bacteria/cm 3 bacteria to expose the bacteria to negative ions, and the measured bacterial survival rate is It may be 25% or less, specifically, 24% or less.
- the lower limit of the survival rate of bacteria measured under the above conditions is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 0% or more, 3% or more, 5% or more, 8% or more, or 10% or more.
- the electrode may exhibit excellent antibacterial performance when the survival rate of bacteria measured under the above conditions satisfies the above range.
- gram-positive bacteria may be used in terms of higher resistance to antibacterial compared to normal gram-negative bacteria.
- Staphylococcus aureus, Diplococcus pneunoniae, Streptococcus lactis ), Bulgarian lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus bulgaricus), Bacillus subtilils, tetanus bacteria (Clostridium tetani), etc. may be used.
- air containing negative ions generated under the above conditions is injected into a 22 L chamber together with bacteria of 2000 bacteria/cm 3 to expose the bacteria to negative ions, and then the remaining number of bacteria is measured. It may be 12 CFU (Colony Forming Unit) or less, specifically, may be 11 CFU or less.
- the lower limit of the remaining number of bacteria measured under the above conditions is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 0 CFU or more, 1 CFU or more, 2 CFU or more, or 3 CFU or more.
- the electrode may exhibit excellent antibacterial performance when the remaining number of bacteria measured under the above conditions satisfies the above range. At this time, bacteria, the above-mentioned gram-positive bacteria in the above aspect may be used.
- the electrode may have a residual ozone concentration of less than 50 ppb, specifically, 45 ppb or less or 40 ppb or less, when negative ions are generated under the above conditions.
- the electrode has a residual ozone concentration within the aforementioned range when negative ions are generated under the above conditions, thereby maintaining the residual ozone concentration below the indoor standard value and exhibiting excellent antibacterial performance.
- the electrode may have an electric field of 500 V/m to 500,000 V/m applied when negative ions are generated under the above conditions. Specifically, the electrode may have an electric field of 1000 V/m to 300000 V/m or 5000 V/m to 200000 V/m applied when negative ions are generated under the above conditions.
- the electrode generates negative ions with an electric field within the aforementioned range, so that the negative ion generation concentration is excellent, the residual ozone concentration is maintained below the indoor standard value, and excellent antibacterial performance can be exhibited.
- This application also relates to a method for manufacturing an electrode.
- the method of manufacturing the electrode relates to the method of manufacturing the above-described electrode, and the specific details of the electrode to be described later may be equally applied to the description of the electrode.
- the manufacturing method of the electrode includes a forming step and a coating step.
- the forming step is a step of forming the shape of the electrode, and is performed by forming nano-sized protrusions on the surface of the body. Since the electrode is formed in the above-described form, an ionization discharge initiation voltage for generating negative ions can be lowered, and through this, an electric field strength can be lowered to suppress ozone generation.
- the forming step may be performed through etching.
- the etching may be performed by at least one selected from wet etching, optical etching, and physical etching. Since the forming step is performed by the above-described etching, it is possible to form the protrusion on the surface of the body through a simple process.
- wet etching may be used as the forming step.
- the wet etching may be performed by immersing the body in an etching solution and then applying ultrasonic waves.
- etching solution a single or mixed solution based on a strong acid such as HCl, H 2 SO 2 , HF or a strong base such as NaOH is used because of its ease of application, low price, and recognized performance. and an etching solution such as commercially available tungsten, stainless or nickel may be used.
- a strong acid such as HCl, H 2 SO 2 , HF or a strong base such as NaOH is used because of its ease of application, low price, and recognized performance.
- an etching solution such as commercially available tungsten, stainless or nickel may be used.
- the ultrasonic application time may be 10 seconds to 1 hour. Specifically, the ultrasonic application time may be 20 seconds to 45 minutes, 30 seconds to 30 minutes, 40 seconds to 15 minutes, 1 minute to 10 minutes, or 1 minute to 5 minutes.
- the ultrasonic application time during the wet etching satisfies the aforementioned range, it is possible to manufacture an electrode having an excellent negative ion generation concentration and maintaining a residual ozone concentration below the indoor standard value.
- photolithography or laser lithography may be used for the optical etching.
- 4 to 9 are diagrams exemplarily illustrating electrodes manufactured using a laser lithography process as another embodiment.
- 10 to 15 are diagrams illustratively illustrating electrodes manufactured using a laser lithography process as another embodiment. 4 to 15, the electrode may have a structure in which various types of protrusions 12 are formed on a body (not shown).
- the forming step may be performed through attachment.
- the attachment may be performed by attaching catalyst particles to the surface of the body.
- 16 is a view exemplarily illustrating an electrode having catalyst particles attached to a surface of a body according to another embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 16, the forming step is performed by the above-described attachment, so that the protrusions 12 can be formed on the surface of the body 11.
- a transition metal may be used as the catalyst particle, and for example, a transition metal made of iron, tungsten, silver, copper, gold, nickel, cobalt, zinc, molybdenum, or an alloy thereof may be used. Since the specific details of using the transition metal as the catalyst particle are the same as those described in the protrusion, it will be omitted.
- the size of the catalyst particles may be nano-sized. Since the catalyst particles have a nano size, an active area when generating negative ions can be widened. On the other hand, when the size of the catalyst particles exceeds the nano size, the area covering the body increases, and during coating, for example, when coating using a chemical vapor deposition method, the function as a catalyst may be limited. .
- the attachment may be additionally performed after performing the etching. That is, by performing the attachment between the protrusions formed on the body through the above-described etching, additional protrusions may be formed.
- the coating step is a step of forming a coating part on the surface of the electrode, and is performed by coating conductive carbon on the surface of the body and the protrusion part included in the electrode.
- the electrode may prevent corrosion of the electrode and exhibit excellent antibacterial performance by coating conductive carbon on the surface of the body and the protrusion.
- the coating step may be performed by one method selected from a chemical vapor deposition method, a sputtering method, an atomic layer deposition method, a spray coating method, and a spin coating method.
- the coating step may be a chemical vapor deposition method.
- a chemical vapor deposition method as the coating step, the technical and cost thresholds can be lowered.
- the coating unit 13 may be formed in the form of a film on the surface of the body (not shown) and the protrusion 12 through the above-described method.
- the coating portion 13 may be formed in the form of a fiber on the surface of the body (not shown) and the protrusion 13 through the above-described method.
- the electrode manufactured by the above method supplies air at a flow rate of 5 L/min to generate negative ions, and injects air containing the generated negative ions into a 22 L chamber together with bacteria of 2000 bacteria/cm 3 to kill the bacteria. After exposure to these anions, the measured bacterial survival rate may be 25% or less. Since the detailed description of the survival rate of bacteria measured according to the negative ions of the electrode generated under the above conditions is the same as described above, it will be omitted. When the survival rate of bacteria measured according to the negative ions of the electrode generated under the above conditions satisfies the above range, excellent antibacterial performance can be exhibited.
- the electrostatic discharge system relates to an electrostatic discharge system including the electrode described above, and details of the electrode described below may be equally applied to the description of the electrode.
- the electrostatic discharge system includes the electrodes described above. By including the above electrode, the electrostatic discharge system has an excellent negative ion generation concentration, maintains a residual ozone concentration below the indoor standard value, prevents corrosion of the electrode, and exhibits excellent antibacterial performance.
- Other configurations of the electrostatic discharge system may use configurations commercially available in the art, and are not particularly limited as long as they include the electrodes described above.
- the manufacturing method of the electrode, and the electrostatic discharge system including the electrode the negative ion generation concentration is excellent, the residual ozone concentration is maintained below the indoor standard value, the corrosion of the electrode is prevented, and the antibacterial performance is excellent.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a HEPA filter included in a conventional electrostatic system.
- FIG. 2 is a view showing a UV sterilizer included in a conventional electrostatic system.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an electrode according to an embodiment of the present application by way of example.
- 4 to 9 are diagrams exemplarily illustrating electrodes manufactured using a laser lithography process as another embodiment.
- 10 to 15 are diagrams exemplarily illustrating electrodes manufactured using a laser lithography process as another embodiment.
- 16 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary apparatus for manufacturing an electrode according to an embodiment of the present application.
- Example 17 is a low-magnification image (left, X 500) and a high-magnification image (right, X 10000) of the electrode manufactured in Example 1 taken using a scanning electron microscope.
- Example 18 is a low magnification image (left, X 500) and a high magnification image (right, X 10000) of the electrode manufactured in Example 3 taken using a scanning electron microscope.
- Example 19 is a low magnification image (left, X 500), a high magnification image (middle, X 10000), and an ultra-high magnification image (right, X 50000) of the electrode prepared in Example 5 taken using a scanning electron microscope.
- Example 21 is an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy elemental map image (top) and a graph (bottom) for the electrode prepared in Example 1.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram showing an ion concentration evaluation device for measuring the negative ion generation concentration of the electrodes prepared in Examples 1 to 5 and the electrode prepared in Comparative Example 1 by way of example.
- 25 is a view showing an antimicrobial evaluation device for evaluating the remaining number of cells and antibacterial efficiency according to the relative electric field strength of the electrode prepared in Example 1 and the electrode prepared in Comparative Example 1 by way of example.
- 26 is a graph showing the number of remaining cells according to the relative electric field strength of the electrode prepared in Example 1 and the electrode prepared in Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 27 is a graph showing the antibacterial efficiency of cells according to the relative electric field strength of the electrode prepared in Example 1 and the electrode prepared in Comparative Example 1.
- 29 is a low-magnification image (X 500) of the protrusion of the electrode manufactured in Example 1 photographed using a scanning electron microscope.
- FIG. 30 is a diagram showing a residual ozone concentration evaluation device for measuring the residual ozone concentration according to the electrodes prepared in Examples 1 to 5 and the electrode prepared in Comparative Example 1 by way of example.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary apparatus for manufacturing an electrode according to an embodiment of the present application.
- An electrode was prepared using the apparatus shown in FIG. 16 . Specifically, after impregnating a nanofin electrode (Tungsten Pin, American Elements Inc. 21) containing tungsten into a beaker 22 containing an etching solution (667498, Sigma Aldrich), the beaker 22 is filled with water. It was immersed in the filled ultrasonic bath 23, and ultrasonic waves were generated for 1 minute to form protrusions on the surface of the body.
- a nanofin electrode Tungsten Pin, American Elements Inc. 21
- etching solution 667498, Sigma Aldrich
- the electrode having protrusions formed on the surface of the nanofin-shaped body is put into the chemical vapor deposition chamber 24, and 100 mL of nitrogen (N 2 ) is added to the vapor deposition chamber 24 under conditions of 2 Torr and 20 °C. /min at a rate of injection for 20 minutes, and after raising the temperature of the chemical vapor deposition chamber 24 to 650° C. for 70 minutes, acetylene (C 2 H 2 ) was added to the vapor deposition chamber 24 at 30 mL/min. After injecting at a flow rate of min for 10 minutes and reacting for 50 minutes, the vapor deposition chamber 24 was naturally cooled to manufacture electrodes coated with carbon on the surfaces of the body and protrusions.
- N 2 nitrogen
- C 2 H 2 acetylene
- the pressure in the vapor deposition chamber 24 may be controlled by the vacuum pump 25, and the radius of curvature of the protrusion may be 2 ⁇ m or less.
- a low magnification (X 500) image was taken of the protrusion of the electrode prepared in Example 1 using a scanning electron microscope (SEM, S-4800, Hitachi, Japan), and the results are shown in FIG. 29 .
- An electrode was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a nanofin-shaped electrode containing tungsten was immersed in a beaker containing an etching solution and then ultrasonic waves were generated for 2 minutes to form a protrusion on the surface of the body.
- the radius of curvature of the protrusion may be 1 ⁇ m or less.
- An electrode was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a nanofin-type electrode containing tungsten was immersed in a beaker containing an etching solution and then ultrasonic waves were generated for 3 minutes to form a protrusion on the surface of the body.
- the radius of curvature of the protrusion may be 500 nm or less.
- An electrode was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a nanofin-shaped electrode containing tungsten was immersed in a beaker containing an etching solution and then ultrasonic waves were generated for 4 minutes to form a protrusion on the surface of the body.
- the radius of curvature of the protrusion may be 300 nm or less.
- the electrode was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a nanofin-shaped electrode containing tungsten was immersed in a beaker containing an etching solution and then ultrasonic waves were generated for 5 minutes to form a protrusion on the surface of the body.
- the radius of curvature of the protrusion may be 100 nm or less.
- Electrode in the form of nanofins containing tungsten of Example 1 without forming protrusions and coatings was prepared.
- the electrode prepared in Comparative Example 1 may not include a protrusion, and the radius of curvature of the pointed portion of the upper end of the body may be 100 ⁇ m.
- the surface development of the electrodes prepared in Examples 1, 3 and 5 and the electrodes prepared in Comparative Example 1 were taken using a scanning electron microscope (SEM, S-4800, Hitachi, Japan) to take low and high magnification images, and the results 17 to 20, respectively.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- the composition of the electrode prepared in Example 1 and the electrode prepared in Comparative Example 1 was observed using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX, S-4800, Hitachi, Japan), and the results are shown in FIGS. 22 and Table 1 below.
- EDX energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
- the content of carbon is the content including the content of the carbon tape.
- the contents of oxygen and potassium are contents due to the etching process.
- Example 1 Comparative Example 1 W 68.18wt% 100wt% C 18.85wt% 0wt% O 12.82wt% 0wt% Fe 0wt% 0wt% K 0.20wt% 0wt%
- the electrodes prepared in Examples 1, 3, and 5 have a nanofin-shaped body compared to the electrode prepared in Comparative Example 1, and at the same time, the carbon component is included in the protrusion Confirmed.
- Anion generation concentrations of the electrodes prepared in Examples 1 to 5 and the electrode prepared in Comparative Example 1 were evaluated using the negative ion concentration evaluation device shown in FIG. 23 .
- the electrodes prepared in Examples 1 to 5 and each electrode 31 prepared in Comparative Example 1 are placed in the negative ion generator 33, and the flow control unit 33 is used.
- air is supplied from the air supply unit 32 to the negative ion generator 34 at a flow rate of 5 L/min, and 7 kV of DC is supplied to each of the electrodes prepared in Examples 1 to 5 and the electrode prepared in Comparative Example 1 Negative voltage was applied to generate negative ions.
- the strength of the applied electric field may be 200,000 V/m.
- the concentration of anions generated from the electrodes prepared in Examples 1 to 5 was superior to the concentration of anions generated from the electrode prepared in Comparative Example 1.
- the concentration of negative ions generated from the electrode prepared in Example 4 was 32 ⁇ 10 5 ions/cm 3 , which was six times higher than the concentration of negative ions generated from the electrode prepared in Comparative Example 1.
- the remaining number of cells and antibacterial efficiency were evaluated according to the relative electric field strength of the electrode prepared in Example 1 and the electrode prepared in Comparative Example 1, and the results are shown in FIGS. 26 and 27, respectively.
- the electrodes prepared in Examples 1 to 5 and the electrode 41 prepared in Comparative Example 1 are placed in the negative ion generator 44, respectively, and the flow control unit 43 is used to Air is supplied from the air supply unit 42 to the negative ion generating unit 44 at a flow rate of 5 L/min, and a DC negative voltage of 7 kV is applied to each of the electrodes prepared in Examples 1 to 5 and the electrode prepared in Comparative Example 1. A voltage was applied to generate negative ions.
- the air containing the negative ions is injected into the 22 L chamber 45 together with 2000 bacteria/cm 3 of Staphylococcus aureus so that the Staphylococcus aureus is exposed to the negative ions, and then a button sampler (button Sampler, SKC, USA) (46) collected the Staphylococcus aureus.
- a button sampler button Sampler, SKC, USA
- the Staphylococcus aureus collected in the button sampler 46 is dispersed in a buffer solution 47, and then smeared and cultured on a medium 48 to count the remaining number of bacteria (CUF) according to the presence or absence of anions , the antibacterial efficiency was calculated through this, and the remaining rate of Staphylococcus aureus was calculated.
- the ionization radius initiation voltage according to the radius of curvature of the protrusions of the electrodes prepared in Examples 1 to 5 and the upper end of the body of the electrode prepared in Comparative Example 1 was calculated by the following general formula 1, and the results are shown in FIG. 28 . Since the electrode prepared in Comparative Example 1 did not include a protrusion, the radius of curvature of the pointed portion of the upper end of the body was used.
- Equation 1 r is the radius of curvature of the protrusion, E is the electric field strength when ionization begins to appear on the surface of the body and the protrusion to generate negative ions, and d is the distance between the electrode and the ground plate.
- the residual ozone concentration of the electrodes prepared in Examples 1 to 5 and the electrode prepared in Comparative Example 1 was evaluated using the residual ozone concentration evaluation device shown in FIG. 30 .
- the residual ozone concentration evaluation device uses the ozone measuring unit 55 composed of the sampling probe of the inhalation type ozone monitor instead of the negative ion measuring unit 35 in the negative ion concentration evaluating device shown in FIG. 23 to generate negative ions. Except for being connected to the unit 54, it was designed in the same way as the negative ion concentration evaluation device, and the residual ozone concentration was measured by measuring the ozone present in some air in the negative ion generator 34.
- the residual ozone concentration according to the electrodes prepared in Examples 1 to 5 was lower than the residual ozone concentration according to the electrode prepared in Comparative Example 1.
- the residual ozone concentration according to the electrode prepared in Example 1 in which the electric field strength was applied at 2/3 of the electric field strength applied to the electrode prepared in Comparative Example 1 was 50 ppb
- Comparative Example in which the electric field was applied at the above-mentioned strength It was confirmed that the residual ozone concentration of the electrode prepared in 1 was significantly lower than 130 ppb.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Disinfection, Sterilisation Or Deodorisation Of Air (AREA)
Abstract
Description
실시예 1 | 비교예 1 | |
W | 68.18 wt% | 100 wt% |
C | 18.85 wt% | 0 wt% |
O | 12.82 wt% | 0 wt% |
Fe | 0 wt% | 0 wt% |
K | 0.20 wt% | 0 wt% |
Claims (22)
- 몸체;상기 몸체의 표면에 형성된 나노 크기의 돌기부; 및상기 몸체 및 돌기부의 표면에 전도성 탄소가 코팅된 코팅부를 포함하는 전극.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 전극에 5 L/min의 유량으로 공기를 공급하면서, 7 kV의 DC 음전압을 인가하여 음이온을 발생시키고, 발생된 음이온을 포함하는 공기를 22 L의 챔버 내로 2000 bacteria/cm3의 세균과 함께 주입하여 상기 세균을 음이온에 노출시킨 후, 측정된 세균의 잔존율이 25% 이하인 전극.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 전극에 5 L/min의 유량으로 공기를 공급하면서, 7 kV의 DC 음전압을 인가하여 음이온을 발생시키고, 발생된 음이온을 포함하는 공기를 22 L의 챔버 내로 2000 bacteria/cm3의 세균과 함께 주입하여 상기 세균을 음이온에 노출시킨 후, 측정된 세균의 잔존수가 12 CFU 이하인 전극.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 전극에 5 L/min의 유량으로 공기를 공급하면서, 7 kV의 DC 음전압을 인가하여 측정되는 음이온 발생 농도가 8 Х 105 ions/cm3 이상인 전극.
- 제 4 항에 있어서, 상기 전극에 5 L/min의 유량으로 공기를 공급하면서, 7 kV의 DC 음전압을 인가하여 측정되는 음이온 발생 농도는 8 Х 105 ions/cm3 내지 1 Х 108 ions/cm3인 전극.
- 제 4 항에 있어서, 음이온 발생 시 잔류오존농도가 50 ppb 미만인 전극.
- 제 2 항 내지 제 6 항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 음이온 발생 시 적용되는 전기장은 500 V/m 내지 500000 V/m인 전극.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 몸체는 핀(pin) 형태인 전극.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 몸체는 철, 텅스텐, 은, 구리, 금, 니켈, 코발트, 아연, 몰리브덴 또는 이들의 합금으로 이루어진 전이금속을 포함하는 전극.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 돌기부는 곡률 반경이 1 nm 내지 10 ㎛인 전극.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 돌기부는 철, 텅스텐, 은, 구리, 금, 니켈, 코발트, 아연, 몰리브덴 또는 이들의 합금으로 이루어진 전이금속을 포함하는 전극.
- 제 11 항에 있어서, 상기 전도성 탄소는 상기 전이금속 100 중량부 대비 10 중량부 내지 40 중량부로 포함되는 전극.
- 제 1 항에 따른 전극의 제조방법에 관한 것으로,몸체의 표면에 나노 크기의 돌기부를 형성하는 형성 단계; 및상기 몸체 및 돌기부의 표면에 전도성 탄소를 코팅하여 코팅부를 형성하는 코팅 단계를 포함하는 전극의 제조방법.
- 제 13 항에 있어서, 상기 형성 단계는 식각 또는 부착을 통해 수행되는 전극의 제조방법.
- 제 14 항에 있어서, 상기 식각은 습식 식각, 광학적 식각 및 물리적 식각 중 선택된 하나 이상으로 수행되는 전극의 제조방법.
- 제 15 항에 있어서, 상기 습식 식각은 몸체를 식각 용액에 함침시킨 후, 초음파를 인가하여 수행되는 전극의 제조방법.
- 제 16 항에 있어서, 상기 초음파 인가 시간은 10 초 내지 1 시간인 전극이 제조방법.
- 제 14 항에 있어서, 상기 부착은 상기 몸체의 표면에 촉매 입자를 부착하여 수행되는 전극의 제조방법.
- 제 18 항에 있어서, 상기 촉매 입자는 철, 텅스텐, 은, 구리, 금, 니켈, 코발트, 아연, 몰리브덴 또는 이들의 합금으로 이루어진 전이금속인 전극의 제조방법.
- 제 13 항에 있어서, 상기 코팅 단계는 화학 기상 증착 방법, 스퍼터링 방법, 원자층 증착 방법, 스프레이 코팅 방법 및 스핀 코팅 방법 중 선택된 하나의 방법으로 수행되는 전극의 제조방법.
- 제 13 항에 있어서, 상기 코팅 단계는 화학 기상 증착 방법으로 수행되는 전극의 제조방법.
- 제 1 항에 따른 전극을 포함하는 정전기 방전 시스템.
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