WO2023016584A2 - 解耦装置及分动箱 - Google Patents

解耦装置及分动箱 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023016584A2
WO2023016584A2 PCT/CN2022/129185 CN2022129185W WO2023016584A2 WO 2023016584 A2 WO2023016584 A2 WO 2023016584A2 CN 2022129185 W CN2022129185 W CN 2022129185W WO 2023016584 A2 WO2023016584 A2 WO 2023016584A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
actuating
pawl
ratchet
decoupling device
drive
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/129185
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English (en)
French (fr)
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WO2023016584A3 (zh
Inventor
韦亚军
雷鹰
甘伟彪
郑飞翔
王书元
Original Assignee
舍弗勒技术股份两合公司
韦亚军
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Publication date
Application filed by 舍弗勒技术股份两合公司, 韦亚军 filed Critical 舍弗勒技术股份两合公司
Priority to PCT/CN2022/129185 priority Critical patent/WO2023016584A2/zh
Publication of WO2023016584A2 publication Critical patent/WO2023016584A2/zh
Publication of WO2023016584A3 publication Critical patent/WO2023016584A3/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D41/00—Freewheels or freewheel clutches
    • F16D41/12—Freewheels or freewheel clutches with hinged pawl co-operating with teeth, cogs, or the like
    • F16D41/16—Freewheels or freewheel clutches with hinged pawl co-operating with teeth, cogs, or the like the action being reversible
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D41/00—Freewheels or freewheel clutches
    • F16D41/12—Freewheels or freewheel clutches with hinged pawl co-operating with teeth, cogs, or the like
    • F16D41/14—Freewheels or freewheel clutches with hinged pawl co-operating with teeth, cogs, or the like the effective stroke of the pawl being adjustable

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of decoupling devices, and in particular to a decoupling device and a transfer case including the decoupling device.
  • two one-way clutches can be provided, or one one-way clutch can be provided with pawls in both directions.
  • Figure 1 shows a possible one-way clutch with pawls in two directions, in order to ensure torque transmission in both directions, two sets of pawls 100 facing each other are provided, both sets of pawls 100 can be engaged with the ratchet The teeth of 200 are controlled to engage or disengage.
  • the two one-way clutches require a large axial installation space and high cost.
  • the purpose of the present application is to overcome or at least alleviate the shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art, and to provide a decoupling device capable of transmitting large torque.
  • the present application also provides a transfer case including the decoupling device.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a decoupling device, including:
  • a ratchet comprising a plurality of teeth
  • a hub member that is annular and includes a plurality of actuation holes
  • an actuating member capable of extending at least partially into said actuating aperture
  • a driving device for driving the actuating member into or out of the actuating hole
  • the actuator moves out of the actuation hole, the actuator releases the pressure on the pawl, allowing the distal end of the pawl to swing radially outward to disengage from the teeth of the ratchet ,
  • Each of the pawls includes a first engaging portion and a second engaging portion for respectively engaging with the teeth of the ratchet in two opposite directions.
  • the base end of the pawl is rotatably connected to the hub member, the first engagement portion is formed at the distal end of the pawl, and the second engagement portion is formed at the A position between said base end and said distal end of the pawl.
  • the actuator includes: a plurality of actuation posts; and a connecting ring connecting the plurality of actuation posts together,
  • the connecting ring can drive the multiple actuating columns to enter and exit the multiple actuating holes synchronously.
  • the hub member includes a plurality of pawl mounting recesses respectively mounting the plurality of pawls
  • the actuation hole is a through hole passing through the hub member in the axial direction of the hub member, the actuation hole communicates with the corresponding pawl installation recess, and the actuation column extends into the The actuation post is squeezed between the hub member and the pawl when the aperture is actuated.
  • the actuation column includes a column portion and an actuation column slope
  • the pawl includes a pressure surface formed on the back thereof and a pawl slope connected to the pressure surface
  • the cooperation between the inclined surface of the actuating column and the inclined surface of the pawl facilitates the climbing of the column to the pressure receiving surface, so that the distal end of the pawl swings radially inward to engage with the teeth of the ratchet .
  • the decoupling device further includes a return spring, the return spring is disposed between the actuating member and the hub member, and is used to move the actuating member from the actuating hole. removed.
  • the driving device includes a driving mechanism and a driving buffer mechanism, and the driving buffer mechanism is arranged between the driving mechanism and the actuator.
  • the driving mechanism is or includes an electromagnet, a motor, a cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder or an electric cylinder, and the driving buffer mechanism is or includes a compression spring.
  • the driving device further includes a bearing
  • the driving mechanism is an electromagnet
  • the electromagnet includes a coil, an armature, and a driving ring connected to the armature, and the bearing is arranged between the driving ring and the driving buffer mechanism.
  • Embodiments of the present application also provide a transfer case, including the decoupling device according to the embodiments of the present application.
  • the ratchet is connected or includes an input shaft for connecting with a power input member, and the hub member is connected with an output shaft for torque resistance, and the output shaft is used for connecting with a driven member.
  • Fig. 1 shows a structural example diagram of a possible one-way clutch with pawls in two directions.
  • Fig. 2A shows a cut-away perspective view of a decoupling device according to an embodiment of the present application, wherein hatching is omitted.
  • Fig. 2B shows a perspective view of the decoupling device in Fig. 2A, in which part of the structure is omitted.
  • FIG. 3A shows a partial cross-sectional view of the decoupling device in FIG. 2A , wherein hatching is omitted, and the decoupling device is in a separated (decoupled) state.
  • FIG. 3B shows a cross-sectional view of the decoupling device in FIG. 2A , with hatching omitted, and the decoupling device is in an engaged (coupled) state.
  • FIG. 4A shows a view of the decoupling device in FIG. 2A viewed along the axial direction, wherein the decoupling device is in a disengaged (decoupled) state.
  • FIG. 4B shows a view of the decoupling device in FIG. 2A viewed along the axial direction, wherein the decoupling device is in an engaged (coupled) state.
  • FIG. 4C shows a view of the decoupling device in FIG. 2A viewed along the axial direction, wherein the decoupling device is in another engaged (coupled) state.
  • FIG. 4D shows a view of the decoupling device in FIG. 2A viewed along the axial direction, wherein the decoupling device is in the addendum tooth state.
  • Fig. 5A shows a perspective view of the actuation column of the decoupling device in Fig. 2A.
  • Fig. 5B shows a perspective view of the pawl of the decoupling device in Fig. 2A.
  • FIG. 5C is a perspective view showing a positional relationship of the actuating post and the pawl of the decoupling device in FIG. 2A .
  • torque resistant means the ability to transmit torque between two components.
  • a gear when a gear is provided on a shaft in a torque-resistant manner, the gear and the shaft can transmit torque and rotate together, for example, a spline connection can achieve a torque-resistant connection.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a decoupling device.
  • the decoupling device can be used, for example, in a transfer case, which can realize, for example, switching between cutting off and connecting the power input of a bridge system of an electric vehicle.
  • the use of the decoupling device of the present application is not limited thereto.
  • the decoupling device may include a ratchet 10 , a hub member 20 , a plurality of pawls 30 , an actuator 40 , a return spring 50 , and a driving device 60 .
  • the ratchet 10 may be connected to or include an input shaft 90 for connection with a power input member so that the ratchet 10 may rotate at a certain speed.
  • the ratchet 10 is integrally formed with an input shaft 90
  • the power input member may be, for example, a differential
  • the input shaft 90 may be a half shaft of the differential.
  • the decoupling device of this embodiment may further include an output shaft 70 .
  • the output shaft 70 may be rotationally fixedly connected to the hub member 20 .
  • the torque-proof connection between the output shaft 70 and the hub member 20 may be achieved by a splined connection or an interference fit.
  • a snap ring 71 is provided on one axial side of the hub member 20 (eg, the left side in FIGS. 2A, 2B, 3A, 3B) for realizing or assisting in realizing the It is positioned axially relative to the hub member 20 .
  • one axial end of the output shaft 70 may extend into the inner hole of the ratchet 10 , and a bearing 73 may be provided between the output shaft 70 and the ratchet 10 .
  • the output shaft 70 may be connected to a driven member, for example, via its internal splines 72 to the axle of a wheel. Power is thus input to the driven member when the decoupling device is engaged (or coupled).
  • the plurality of pawls 30 are evenly mounted on the hub member 20 in the circumferential direction C of the hub member 20 .
  • the hub member 20 may include: a mounting portion 21 for mounting to the output shaft 70; left in FIG. 3B ) the extended hub portion 22 .
  • the hub ring portion 22 is formed with a plurality of pawl mounting recesses 221 recessed from one axial side to the other axial side.
  • the plurality of pawls 30 can be respectively rotatably (or referred to as swingable) mounted on the plurality of pawl installation recesses 221 .
  • a plurality of pawl return springs 80 may be installed between the pawl 30 and the hub member 20 for rotating the distal end of the pawl 30 (the end for engaging with the teeth 11 of the ratchet 10 ) toward the radially outward, i.e., The pawl 30 is separated from the ratchet 10 (see FIG. 4A ).
  • the pawl return spring 80 may be mounted to a mounting post 222 formed at the bottom of the pawl mounting recess 221 .
  • the base end 31 of the pawl 30 may be cylindrical, so as to be installed and rotated with the pawl mounting recess 221 .
  • the distal end of the ratchet 30 can form a first engaging portion 32, and the first engaging portion 32 can engage with the circumferential top end of the tooth 11 of the ratchet 10, so that the ratchet 10 and the ratchet 30 engage in a first direction, here, See Figure 4B for an engaged (coupled) state.
  • FIG. 4B when the ratchet 10 is rotated in a clockwise direction, the ratchet 10 and the pawl 30 will rotate together.
  • a second engaging portion 33 may be formed at a position between the base end 31 and the distal end of the pawl 30 , for example, the middle portion (or a portion near the middle portion) of the pawl 30 may form the second engaging portion 33 .
  • the second engaging portion 33 may engage with the other circumferential top end of the tooth 11 of the ratchet 10 such that the ratchet 10 and the pawl 30 are engaged in a second direction, which is opposite to the first direction.
  • Fig. 4C another engaged (coupled) state shown in Fig. 4C can be seen. In FIG. 4C, when the ratchet 10 is rotated in the counterclockwise direction, the ratchet 10 and the pawl 30 will rotate together.
  • the hub member 20 also includes a plurality of actuation holes 223, and the actuation member 40 (more specifically, the actuation column 41 described later) can at least partially extend into the actuation holes 223 to move the pawl. 30 presses against the ratchet 10, or moves out of the actuation hole 223 (here, including the actuation post 41 completely or partially moving out of the actuation hole 223), thereby allowing the pawl 30 to be separated from the ratchet 10.
  • the actuation member 40 more specifically, the actuation column 41 described later
  • the actuation hole 223 may be a through hole penetrating the hub member 20 in the axial direction A (more specifically, penetrating the hub ring portion 22 of the hub member 20 ).
  • the actuation hole 223 can communicate with the pawl installation recess 221, and when the actuation post 41 stretches into the actuation hole 223, the actuation post 41 is pressed against the hub member 20 (that is, the hole wall of the actuation hole 223) and the pawl. Between 30.
  • the mounting and positioning of the pawl 30 and the actuator 40 are achieved by the same member (hub member 20), with a small number of parts.
  • the actuator 40 protrudes into the axial through hole of the hub member 20 to provide stable and sufficient axial support for the actuator 40 .
  • the actuation member 40 may include a plurality of actuation posts 41 and a connection ring 42 connecting the plurality of actuation posts 41 together.
  • a plurality of actuation posts 41 can extend into the actuation hole 223 or move out of the actuation hole 223 .
  • the number of actuating posts 41 may be consistent with the number of pawls 30 .
  • the structure of the actuating member 40 of the present application is not limited thereto, for example, the actuating member 40 may also be in the form of a plurality of separated actuating columns, ie, does not include the above-mentioned connecting ring.
  • FIG. 2B in order to illustrate the structure of the pawl 30 , the pawl return spring 80 and the actuator 40 , the hub member 20 is moved toward one axial side (the upper left side in FIG. 2B ), and the part of the structure.
  • the actuation post 41 may include a post portion 412 and an actuation post slope 411 formed at the top end of the actuation post 41 .
  • the setting of the inclined surface 411 of the actuating post enables the actuating post 41 to slide smoothly to the back (radially outer side) of the ratchet 30 .
  • the pawl 30 includes a pressure receiving surface 34 formed on the outer surface of its distal end and a pressure surface 34 formed on the other axial side of the pressure receiving surface 34 (corresponding to the right side in FIGS. 2A, 2B, 3A, and 3B). Pawl slope 35.
  • the arrangement of the inclined surface 35 of the pawl enables the actuating post 41 to slide smoothly to the pressure receiving surface 34 of the pawl 30 .
  • the surface of the pressure receiving surface 34 and the column portion 412 of the actuating column 41 that is in contact with the pressure receiving surface 34 may be curved surfaces with the same or close curvature.
  • actuation post ramp 411 and the pawl ramp 35 can, but need not, exist at the same time.
  • the return spring 50 may be arranged between the actuator 40 and the hub member 20 for pushing the actuator 40 from the engaged state (see Fig. 3B) to the disengaged state (see Fig. 3A ).
  • the return spring 50 may be a wave spring, which is compressed between the hub member 20 and the connecting ring 42 of the actuator 40 .
  • the driving device 60 is used to drive the actuating member 40 so that the actuating member 40 drives the pawl 30 so that the pawl 30 engages with the tooth 11 of the ratchet 10 .
  • the driving device 60 drives the actuating member 40 to move axially to one side so that the pawl 30 engages with the teeth 11 of the ratchet 10
  • the return spring 50 is compressed to accumulate elastic potential energy.
  • the return spring 50 releases its elastic potential energy so that the actuator 40 moves to the other side in the axial direction, and the ratchet 30 is separated from the tooth 11 of the ratchet 10 under the action of the ratchet return spring 80 . reset.
  • the return spring 50 can also be regarded as a part of the driving device 60 .
  • the driving device 60 may be connected to the actuating member 40 to drive the actuating member 40 to reciprocate axially, in this case, the return spring 50 may also be omitted.
  • the driving device 60 may include a driving mechanism 61 , a driving buffer mechanism 62 and a bearing 63 .
  • the driving buffer mechanism 62 and the bearing 63 may be disposed between the driving mechanism 61 and the actuator 40 .
  • the driving buffer mechanism 62 may be a compression spring, and herein, the compression spring may be referred to as an actuation spring, and the actuation spring may be, for example, a wave spring.
  • Bearing 63 may be a thrust bearing. The bearing 63 may be located between the actuating spring and the drive mechanism 61 , and the actuating spring may be located between the bearing 63 and the actuating member 40 . In this way, the driving mechanism 61 can drive the actuating member 40 via the bearing 63 and the actuating spring (ie, driving the buffer mechanism 62 ).
  • the drive mechanism 61 drives the actuator 40 to move via the bearing 63 and the drive buffer mechanism 62, if the pawl 30 is just in contact with the tooth top of the tooth 11 of the ratchet 10 (see FIG. 4D ), since the pawl 30 cannot move radially inward Rotate, the actuating member 40 will not be able to move to one side in the axial direction but will be pressed against the pressure receiving surface 34 of the ratchet 30 . At this time, the driving buffer mechanism 62 can be compressed to absorb the movement of the driving mechanism 61 to prevent the driving mechanism 61 from malfunctioning or being damaged.
  • the pawl 30 can move radially inward to engage with the tooth 11 .
  • the driving buffer mechanism 62 can release the absorbed motion (for example, the elastic potential energy of the actuating spring), so that the pawl 30 moves radially inward quickly and engages with the tooth 11 .
  • the setting of the driving buffer mechanism 62 can prevent the ratchet 10 and the ratchet 30 from forcibly engaging on the one hand to prevent toothing, or prevent the drive mechanism 61 from being blocked and cause movement failure or damage. On the other hand, it can accelerate the ratchet 10 and the ratchet. 30 engagement to improve the performance of the decoupling device.
  • the driving buffer mechanism 62 may also have other structures or forms, for example, the driving buffer mechanism 62 may include elastic materials such as rubber.
  • the driving buffer mechanism 62 can be a rubber spring or a compound spring, etc.
  • the driving mechanism 61 may include or include an electromagnet, a motor, an air cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder or an electric cylinder, and the like.
  • the driving buffer mechanism 62 can also be omitted.
  • the driving mechanism 61 can be seated in the housing (not shown) of the decoupling device, thus, the driving mechanism 61 can not rotate with the hub member 20 and the output shaft 70 . It is understood that the bearing 63 may be omitted in the case where the drive mechanism 61 rotates with the hub member 20 and the output shaft 70 .
  • the drive mechanism 61 is an electromagnet.
  • the drive mechanism 61 may include a coil 611 , an armature 612 , and a drive ring 613 connected to the armature 612 .
  • the bearing 63 is mounted on the drive ring 613 .
  • the coil 611 When the coil 611 is energized, the armature 612 and the drive ring 613 can be moved to one side in the axial direction, thereby driving the actuator 40 to move to one side in the axial direction through the bearing 63 and the driving buffer mechanism 62, so that the decoupling device is engaged.
  • the structure and working method of the electromagnet as the driving mechanism 61 are not limited thereto.
  • Embodiments of the present application also provide a transfer case, which includes the decoupling device of the present application.
  • the ratchet 10 may be connected to or include an input shaft 90 for connection with a power input member, and the hub member 20 may be rotationally connected together with an output shaft 70 for connection with a driven member.
  • Embodiments of the present application also provide a vehicle drive device, which may include the above-mentioned decoupling device or the above-mentioned transfer case.
  • the vehicle can be a fuel vehicle, a pure electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle, etc.
  • the electromagnet as the drive mechanism 61 is de-energized, and the return spring 50 pushes the actuator 40 to the other side in the axial direction, driving Buffer mechanism 62 , bearing 63 , drive ring 613 and armature 612 .
  • the ratchet 30 is separated from the teeth 11 of the ratchet 10 under the action of the ratchet return spring 80 , moves away from the ratchet 10 (that is, the distal end of the ratchet 30 swings radially outward) and resets.
  • the input shaft 90 and the ratchet 10 may be driven to rotate by a power input member such as a differential.
  • the rotational speeds of the hub member 20 and the output shaft 70 may be different from the rotational speeds of the input shaft 90 and the ratchet 10 .
  • the electromagnet as the driving mechanism 61 is energized, and the armature 612 and the driving ring 613 move to one side in the axial direction, thereby driving the actuator 40 to one side in the axial direction via the bearing 63 and the driving buffer mechanism 62 movement, the actuating post 41 climbs onto the pawl 30 (that is, the column portion 412 of the actuating post 41 is pressed against the pressure surface 34 of the pawl 30), and the pawl 30 engages with the teeth 11 of the ratchet 10 to decouple Device engaged.
  • the input shaft 90 , the ratchet wheel 10 , the hub member 20 and the output shaft 70 may be driven to rotate together by a power input member such as a differential.
  • a plurality of pawls 30 are provided, and the shapes, structures, and installation methods of the multiple pawls are the same.
  • Each pawl 30 has a first engaging portion 32 and a second engaging portion 33 that can engage with the teeth 11 of the ratchet 10 in two directions. In this way, each pawl is allowed to transmit loads in two directions, clockwise and counterclockwise, and the device has high structural strength and strong bearing capacity.
  • the actuating post slope 411 cooperates with the pawl slope 35 , so that the actuating post 41 can slide smoothly to the back of the pawl 30 , and the pawl 30 and the ratchet 10 can be engaged smoothly and reliably.
  • the column portion 412 of the actuating column 41 matches the shape of the pressure receiving surface 34 of the ratchet 30 , which can provide a self-locking function and make the engagement of the ratchet 30 and the ratchet 10 reliable.
  • the driving buffer mechanism 62 in the form of an actuating spring is arranged between the actuating member 40 and the driving mechanism 61.
  • the driving buffer mechanism 62 can absorb the motion of the driving mechanism 61 and accumulate energy, improve the performance of the decoupling device, and improve the NVH performance of the device.
  • the number of parts or components when the number of parts or components is not particularly limited, the number may be one or more, and a plurality here refers to two or more.
  • the specific number is generally exemplary and not limiting, and may be It is understood as a plurality, that is, two or more, but this does not mean that the application excludes one case.
  • connection it may be a fixed connection, or a detachable connection, or integrated; it may be a mechanical connection, or it may be an electrical connection; it may be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediary, or it may be two components An internal communication or interaction relationship between two elements, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise.
  • a component is set/installed/located/accommodated in/placed in, within, or inside another component, and a component is inserted/extruded into/ Extending into or into another member may be any of the following two situations: a part or most of the one member is located in the other member; and the one member is completely accommodated/received in the other member Inside.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a decoupling device.
  • the decoupling device can be used, for example, in a transfer case, which can realize, for example, switching between cutting off and connecting the power input of a bridge system of an electric vehicle.
  • a transfer case which can realize, for example, switching between cutting off and connecting the power input of a bridge system of an electric vehicle.
  • the use of the decoupling device of the present application is not limited thereto.

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Abstract

提供一种解耦装置，包括：棘轮(10)；毂构件(20)，其包括多个致动孔(223)；多个棘爪(30)；致动件(40)，其能够至少部分地伸入致动孔(223)；驱动装置(60)，其用于驱动致动件(40)伸入致动孔(223)或从致动孔(223)移出。在致动件(40)伸入致动孔(223)时，棘爪(30)与棘轮(10)接合。在致动件(40)从致动孔(223)移出时，允许棘爪(30)与棘轮(10)分离。每个棘爪(30)均包括分别用于在两个相反方向上与棘轮(10)的齿(11)接合的第一接合部(32)和第二接合部(33)。还提供一种包括解耦装置的分动箱。

Description

解耦装置及分动箱 技术领域
本申请涉及解耦装置技术领域，且特别涉及一种解耦装置及包括该解耦装置的分动箱。
背景技术
目前，在例如车辆的分动箱(transfer case)中，为了确保扭矩传递可以是双向的，可以设置两个单向离合器，或者设置一个具有两个方向的棘爪的单向离合器。
图1示出了一种可能的具有两个方向的棘爪的单向离合器，为了确保两个方向的扭矩传递，设置有两组面向彼此的棘爪100，两组棘爪100均能够与棘轮200的齿受控地接合或分离。
在设置两个单向离合器的情况下，两个单向离合器需要较大的轴向安装空间和较高的成本。
在图1所示的离合器包括两组棘爪100的情况下，因为在每个旋转方向上只有一半的棘爪可以工作，因而，这种离合器不能传递大扭矩。
发明内容
本申请的目的在于克服或至少减轻上述现有技术存在的不足，提供一种可以传递大扭矩的解耦装置。
本申请还提供一种包括该解耦装置的分动箱。
本申请的实施方式提供一种解耦装置，包括：
棘轮，其包括多个齿；
毂构件，其呈环形并且包括多个致动孔；
多个棘爪，所述多个棘爪能转动地安装到所述毂构件；
致动件，其能够至少部分地伸入所述致动孔；
驱动装置，其用于驱动所述致动件伸入所述致动孔或从所述致动孔移出，
其中，在所述致动件伸入所述致动孔时，所述致动件爬上所述棘爪的背面，使所述棘爪的远端向径向内侧摆动而与所述棘轮的齿接合，
在所述致动件从所述致动孔移出时，所述致动件释放对所述棘爪的压力，允许所述棘爪的远端向径向外侧摆动而与所述棘轮的齿分离，
每个所述棘爪均包括第一接合部和第二接合部，所述第一接合部和所述第二接合部分别用于在两个相反方向上与所述棘轮的齿接合。
在至少一个实施方式中，所述棘爪的基端能转动地连接到所述毂构件，所述第一接合部形成于所述棘爪的远端，所述第二接合部形成于所述棘爪的所述基端和所述远端之间的位置。
在至少一个实施方式中，所述致动件包括：多个致动柱；以及将所述多个致动柱连接到一起的连接环，
所述连接环能够带动所述多个致动柱同步地进出所述多个致动孔。
在至少一个实施方式中，所述毂构件包括分别安装所述多个棘爪的多个棘爪安装凹部，
所述致动孔为在所述毂构件的轴向上贯穿所述毂构件的通孔，所述致动孔与对应的所述棘爪安装凹部连通，在所述致动柱伸入所述致动孔时，所述致动柱挤压在所述毂构件和所述棘爪之间。
在至少一个实施方式中，所述致动柱包括柱部和致动柱斜面，所述棘爪包括形成于其背面的受压面和连接到所述受压面的棘爪斜面，
通过所述致动柱斜面和所述棘爪斜面配合便于使所述柱部爬上所述受压面，而使所述棘爪的远端向径向内侧摆动而与所述棘轮的齿接合。
在至少一个实施方式中，所述解耦装置还包括复位弹簧，所述复位弹簧设置于所述致动件和所述毂构件之间，用于使所述致动件从所述致动孔中移 出。
在至少一个实施方式中，所述驱动装置包括驱动机构和驱动缓冲机构，所述驱动缓冲机构设置于所述驱动机构和所述致动件之间。
在至少一个实施方式中，所述驱动机构为或者包括电磁铁、电机、气缸、液压缸或电缸，所述驱动缓冲机构为或者包括压缩弹簧。
在至少一个实施方式中，所述驱动装置还包括轴承，
所述驱动机构为电磁铁，所述电磁铁包括线圈、电枢、连接到所述电枢的驱动环，所述轴承设置在所述驱动环和所述驱动缓冲机构之间。
本申请的实施方式还提供一种分动箱，包括根据本申请的实施方式的解耦装置。
在至少一个实施方式中，所述棘轮连接或包括用于与动力输入构件连接的输入轴，所述毂构件与输出轴抗扭连接在一起，所述输出轴用于与被驱动构件连接。
附图说明
图1示出了一种可能的具有两个方向的棘爪的单向离合器的结构示例图。
图2A示出了根据本申请的一个实施方式的解耦装置的剖视立体图，其中省略了剖面线。
图2B示出了图2A中的解耦装置的立体图，其中省略了部分结构。
图3A示出了图2A中的解耦装置的局部剖视图，其中省略了剖面线，并且该解耦装置处于分离(解耦)状态。
图3B示出了图2A中的解耦装置的剖视图，其中省略了剖面线，并且该解耦装置处于接合(耦合)状态。
图4A示出了图2A中的解耦装置的沿着轴向观察的视图，其中该解耦装置处于分离(解耦)状态。
图4B示出了图2A中的解耦装置的沿着轴向观察的视图，其中该解耦装置处于一个接合(耦合)状态。
图4C示出了图2A中的解耦装置的沿着轴向观察的视图，其中该解耦装置处于另一接合(耦合)状态。
图4D示出了图2A中的解耦装置的沿着轴向观察的视图，其中该解耦装置处于齿顶齿状态。
图5A示出了图2A中的解耦装置的致动柱的立体图。
图5B示出了图2A中的解耦装置的棘爪的立体图。
图5C是示出了图2A中的解耦装置的致动柱和棘爪的一个位置关系的立体图。
具体实施方式
下面参照附图描述本申请的示例性实施方式。
在本申请中，“抗扭”是指两个部件之间能够传递扭矩。例如，当齿轮以抗扭的方式设置于轴时，齿轮与轴能够传递扭矩且能够一起转动，例如，花键连接可以实现抗扭连接。
参照图2A至图5C，本申请的实施方式提供一种解耦装置。该解耦装置可以用于例如分动箱，它可以实现例如电动汽车的电桥系统的动力输入的切断和连接之间的切换。当然，本申请的解耦装置的用途不限于此。
参照图2A至图3B，该解耦装置可以包括棘轮10、毂构件20、多个棘爪30、致动件40、复位弹簧50、驱动装置60。
棘轮10可以连接或包括用于与动力输入构件连接的输入轴90，从而棘轮10可以以一定的速度旋转。在图示的示例中，棘轮10和输入轴90一体形成，该动力输入构件可以是例如差速器，该输入轴90可以是差速器的一个半轴。
该实施方式的解耦装置可以还包括输出轴70。输出轴70可以与毂构件20抗扭连接在一起。例如，可以通过花键连接或过盈配合实现输出轴70与毂构 件20之间的抗扭连接。在图示的示例中，在毂构件20的轴向一侧(例如，图2A、图2B、图3A、图3B中的左侧)设置有卡环71，用于实现或辅助实现输出轴70与毂构件20之间轴向相对定位。
这里，输出轴70的轴向一端可以伸入棘轮10的内孔中，可以在输出轴70和棘轮10之间设置轴承73。
输出轴70可以与被驱动构件连接，例如，通过其内花键72与车轮的轮轴连接。从而在解耦装置接合(或称耦合)时，将动力输入到被驱动构件。
多个棘爪30在毂构件20的周向C上均布地安装于毂构件20。毂构件20可以包括：用于安装到输出轴70的安装部21：以及从安装部21朝向径向R上的外侧及轴向一侧(棘轮10所在侧，图2A、图2B、图3A、图3B中的左侧)延伸的毂环部22。毂环部22形成有从轴向一侧向轴向另一侧凹陷的多个棘爪安装凹部221。多个棘爪30可以分别可转动(或称可摆动)地安装到该多个棘爪安装凹部221。
多个棘爪复位弹簧80可以安装到棘爪30和毂构件20之间，用于使棘爪30的远端(用于与棘轮10的齿11接合的一端)朝向径向外侧转动，即，使棘爪30与棘轮10分离(参照图4A)。参照图2B，棘爪复位弹簧80可以安装到形成于棘爪安装凹部221的底部的安装柱222。
参照图2A至图3B、图5B、图5C，棘爪30的基端31可以为圆柱形，以便于与棘爪安装凹部221安装并转动。棘爪30的远端可以形成第一接合部32，第一接合部32可以与棘轮10的齿11的周向一侧顶端接合，使得棘轮10和棘爪30在第一方向上接合，这里，可以参见图4B所示的一个接合(耦合)状态。在图4B中，在棘轮10沿顺时针方向转动时，棘轮10和棘爪30将一起转动。
在棘爪30的基端31和远端之间的位置可以形成第二接合部33，示例性地，棘爪30的中部(或者中部靠前侧的部分)可以形成第二接合部33。第二接合部33可以与棘轮10的齿11的周向另一侧顶端接合，使得棘轮10和棘爪30在第二方向上接合，该第二方向与第一方向相反。这里，可以参见图4C所示 的另一接合(耦合)状态。在图4C中，在棘轮10沿逆时针方向转动时，棘轮10和棘爪30将一起转动。
参照图2A至图3B，毂构件20还包括多个致动孔223，致动件40(更具体地，后述的致动柱41)能够至少部分地伸入致动孔223而将棘爪30压向棘轮10，或者从致动孔223中移出(这里，包括致动柱41完全移出或部分移出致动孔223)，从而允许棘爪30与棘轮10分离。
在图示的示例中，致动孔223可以是在轴向A上贯穿毂构件20(更具体地，贯穿毂构件20的毂环部22)的通孔。致动孔223可以与棘爪安装凹部221连通，在致动柱41伸入致动孔223时，致动柱41挤压在毂构件20(即，致动孔223的孔壁)和棘爪30之间。这样，在致动柱41穿过致动孔223而压到棘爪30上时，致动柱41在棘爪30的远端部的径向外侧(背面)将棘爪30压向径向内侧。
这里，由同一个构件(毂构件20)实现棘爪30和致动件40的安装和定位，部件数量少。致动件40(致动柱41)伸入到毂构件20的轴向通孔中，可以为致动件40提供稳定、足够的轴向支撑。
参见图2B，致动件40可以包括多个致动柱41和将多个致动柱41连接到一起的连接环42。多个致动柱41可以伸入致动孔223或者从致动孔223移出。致动柱41的数量可以和棘爪30的数量一致。
可以理解，本申请的致动件40的结构不限于此，例如，致动件40还可以表现为多个分开的致动柱的形式，即，不包括上述连接环。
可以理解，在图2B中，为了示出棘爪30、棘爪复位弹簧80和致动件40的结构，而朝向轴向一侧(图2B中的左上侧)移动了毂构件20，并且省略了部分结构。
参照图5A至图5C，致动柱41可以包括柱部412和致动柱斜面411，致动柱斜面411形成于致动柱41的顶端。致动柱斜面411的设置，使得致动柱41可以顺滑地滑动到棘爪30的背面(径向外侧面)。
棘爪30包括形成于其远端部外侧面的受压面34和形成于受压面34的轴 向另一侧(对应于图2A、图2B、图3A、图3B中的右侧)的棘爪斜面35。棘爪斜面35的设置，使得致动柱41可以顺滑地滑动到棘爪30的受压面34。示例性地，受压面34和致动柱41的与受压面34接触的柱部412的表面可以是曲率相同或接近的曲面。
可以理解，致动柱斜面411和棘爪斜面35可以、但不必须同时存在。
参照图2A、图3A、图3B，复位弹簧50可以设置于致动件40和毂构件20之间，用于将致动件40从接合状态(参见图3B)推到脱离状态(参见图3A)。示例性地，复位弹簧50可以是波形弹簧，压缩设置于毂构件20和致动件40的连接环42之间。
驱动装置60用于驱动致动件40，使致动件40驱动棘爪30，从而使棘爪30与棘轮10的齿11接合。在驱动装置60驱动致动件40向轴向一侧运动，从而使棘爪30与棘轮10的齿11接合时，复位弹簧50被压缩，从而蓄积弹性势能。在驱动装置60释放其驱动力后，复位弹簧50释放其弹性势能使得致动件40向轴向另一侧运动，棘爪30在棘爪复位弹簧80的作用下与棘轮10的齿11分离并复位。
可以理解，在复位弹簧50释放其弹性势能使得致动件40向轴向另一侧运动后，可选地，致动件40或者说致动柱41的至少一部分可以仍位于致动孔223中，这便于解耦装置的后续接合的顺利进行。也就是说，本申请中提到的使致动件40伸入致动孔223不必须是致动件40从完全从致动孔223移出的状态开始伸入，本申请中的提到的使致动件40从致动孔223移出也不必须是使致动件40从致动孔223完全移出。
可以理解，还可以将复位弹簧50视为驱动装置60的一部分。
在一个可能的方案中，驱动装置60可以连接到致动件40，驱动致动件40轴向往复运动，在这种情况下，也可以省略复位弹簧50。
驱动装置60可以包括驱动机构61、驱动缓冲机构62、轴承63。驱动缓冲机构62和轴承63可以设置在驱动机构61和致动件40之间。
在图示的示例中，驱动缓冲机构62可以是压缩弹簧，这里，可以将该压缩弹簧称为致动弹簧，该致动弹簧可以是例如波形弹簧。轴承63可以是推力轴承。轴承63可以位于致动弹簧与驱动机构61之间，致动弹簧可以位于轴承63与致动件40之间。这样，驱动机构61可以经由轴承63和致动弹簧(即，驱动缓冲机构62)驱动致动件40。
在驱动机构61经由轴承63和驱动缓冲机构62驱动致动件40运动时，如果棘爪30正好与棘轮10的齿11的齿顶接触(参见图4D)，由于棘爪30不能向径向内侧转动，致动件40将不能向轴向一侧移动而压到棘爪30的受压面34上。此时，驱动缓冲机构62可以被压缩，吸收驱动机构61的运动，避免驱动机构61发生运动故障或受损。待棘轮10和棘爪30转动一小的角度后，棘爪30可以向径向内侧运动而与齿11接合。此时，驱动缓冲机构62可以释放其吸收的运动(例如，致动弹簧的弹性势能)，使棘爪30迅速地向径向内侧运动而与齿11接合。可见，驱动缓冲机构62的设置一方面可以避免棘轮10和棘爪30强行接合而打齿、或者避免驱动机构61运动受阻而发生运动故障或受损，另一方面，可以加速棘轮10和棘爪30的接合，提高解耦装置的性能。
可以理解，驱动缓冲机构62还可以是其它结构或形式，例如，驱动缓冲机构62可以包括橡胶等弹性材料。例如，驱动缓冲机构62可以是橡胶弹簧或复合弹簧等。
这里，驱动机构61可以包括或是电磁铁、电机、气缸、液压缸或电缸等。在驱动机构61是电磁铁或气缸等具有一定运动柔性的驱动机构时，也可以省略驱动缓冲机构62。
驱动机构61可以安座于解耦装置的壳体(未图示)，因而，驱动机构61可以不随毂构件20及输出轴70转动。可以理解，在驱动机构61随毂构件20及输出轴70转动的情况下，可以省略轴承63。
在图示的示例中，驱动机构61是电磁铁。驱动机构61可以包括线圈611、电枢612、连接到电枢612的驱动环613。轴承63安装在驱动环613上。线圈611 通电时，可以使电枢612和驱动环613向轴向一侧运动，从而经由轴承63和驱动缓冲机构62驱动致动件40向轴向一侧运动，使解耦装置接合。可以理解，作为驱动机构61的电磁铁的构造及工作方式不限于此。
本申请的实施方式还提供一种分动箱，其包括本申请的解耦装置。
棘轮10可以连接或包括用于与动力输入构件连接的输入轴90，毂构件20可以与输出轴70抗扭连接在一起，输出轴70用于与被驱动构件连接。
本申请的实施方式还提供一种车辆驱动装置，其可以包括上述解耦装置或上述分动箱。该车辆可以是燃油车、纯电动车或混合动力车辆等。
下面简单说明本申请的解耦装置的工作方式。
参见图3A和图4A，在解耦装置分离时，或者在解耦装置的分离状态下，作为驱动机构61的电磁铁断电，复位弹簧50向轴向另一侧推动致动件40、驱动缓冲机构62、轴承63、驱动环613和电枢612。棘爪30在棘爪复位弹簧80的作用下与棘轮10的齿11分离，远离棘轮10运动(即，棘爪30的远端向径向外侧摆动)并复位。
此时，在本申请的解耦装置应用于例如车辆时，可以由例如差速器的动力输入构件驱动输入轴90和棘轮10转动。毂构件20、输出轴70的转速可以与输入轴90、棘轮10的转速不同。
在使解耦装置接合时，作为驱动机构61的电磁铁通电，电枢612和驱动环613向轴向一侧运动，从而经由轴承63和驱动缓冲机构62驱动致动件40向轴向一侧运动，致动柱41爬到棘爪30上(即，致动柱41的柱部412压到棘爪30的受压面34上)，棘爪30与棘轮10的齿11接合，使解耦装置接合。
此时，在本申请的解耦装置应用于例如车辆时，可以由例如差速器的动力输入构件驱动输入轴90、棘轮10、毂构件20、输出轴70一起转动。
下面简单说明本申请的解耦装置的部分有益效果。
在本申请的实施方式的解耦装置中，设置多个棘爪30，多个棘爪的形状、构造、安装方式相同。每个棘爪30均具有第一接合部32和第二接合部33，可 以在两个方向上与棘轮10的齿11接合。这样，允许每个棘爪在顺时针方向和逆时针方向这两个方向上传递负载，装置的结构强度大，承载能力强。
允许每个棘爪在顺时针方向和逆时针方向这两个方向上传递负载，在相同的空间或体积下可以实现更高的扭矩传递。
致动柱斜面411和棘爪斜面35配合，使得致动柱41可以顺滑地滑动到棘爪30的背面，可以使棘爪30和棘轮10顺畅、可靠地接合。
致动柱41的柱部412与棘爪30的受压面34形状匹配，可以提供自锁功能，使棘爪30和棘轮10的接合可靠。
例如致动弹簧形式的驱动缓冲机构62设置在致动件40和驱动机构61之间，在棘爪30和棘轮10发生齿顶齿情况时，驱动缓冲机构62可以吸收驱动机构61的运动，积蓄能量，提高解耦装置的性能，提高装置的NVH性。
应当理解，上述实施方式、实施例或示例的至少部分方面或特征可以适当地组合。
可以理解，在本申请中，未特别限定部件或构件的数量时，其数量可以是一个或多个，这里的多个是指两个或更多个。对于附图中示出和/或说明书描述了部件或构件的数量为例如两个、三个、四个等的具体数量的情况，该具体数量通常是示例性的而非限制性的，可以将其理解为多个，即两个或更多个，但是，这不意味着本申请排除了一个的情况。
在本申请中，除非另有明确的说明或限定，“安装”、“装配”、“组装”、“相连”、“连接”、“联接”、“连结”、“抵接”、“连通”、“相通”、“导通”、“固定”、“紧固”等术语应做广义理解，例如，其可以是直接或间接的。例如，关于连接，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系，除非另有明确的说明或限定。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
在本申请中，除非另有明确的说明或限定，一个构件设置在/安装在/位于/容纳在/收纳在/置于另一构件之中、之内、内部，一个构件插入/伸入/延伸到另一个构件内或内部等可以是如下两种情形中的任一情形：该一个构件的一部分或大部分位于该另一个构件内；以及该一个构件被完全容纳/收纳在该另一个构件内。
本申请不限于上述实施方式、实施例或示例，本领域技术人员在本申请的教导下可以对本申请的上述实施方式、实施例或示例做出各种变型，而不脱离本申请的范围。
工用实用性
本申请的实施方式提供一种解耦装置。该解耦装置可以用于例如分动箱，它可以实现例如电动汽车的电桥系统的动力输入的切断和连接之间的切换。当然，本申请的解耦装置的用途不限于此。
附图标记列表
100 棘爪
200 棘轮
10 棘轮
11 齿
20 毂构件
21 安装部
22 毂环部
221 棘爪安装凹部
222 安装柱
223 致动孔
30 棘爪
31 基端
32 第一接合部
33 第二接合部
34 受压面
35 棘爪斜面
40 致动件
41 致动柱
411 致动柱斜面
412 柱部
42 连接环
50 复位弹簧
60 驱动装置
61 驱动机构
611 线圈
612 电枢
613 驱动环
62 驱动缓冲机构
63 轴承
70 输出轴
71 卡环
72 内花键
73 轴承
80 棘爪复位弹簧
90 输入轴
A 轴向
R 径向
C 周向

Claims (11)

  1. 一种解耦装置，包括：
    棘轮(10)，其包括多个齿(11)；
    毂构件(20)，其呈环形并且包括多个致动孔(223)；
    多个棘爪(30)，所述多个棘爪(30)能转动地安装到所述毂构件(20)；
    致动件(40)，其能够至少部分地伸入所述致动孔(223)；
    驱动装置(60)，其用于驱动所述致动件(40)伸入所述致动孔(223)或从所述致动孔(223)移出，
    其中，在所述致动件(40)伸入所述致动孔(223)时，所述致动件(40)爬上所述棘爪(30)的背面，使所述棘爪(30)的远端向径向内侧摆动而与所述棘轮(10)的齿(11)接合，
    在所述致动件(40)从所述致动孔(223)移出时，所述致动件(40)释放对所述棘爪(30)的压力，允许所述棘爪(30)的远端向径向外侧摆动而与所述棘轮(10)的齿(11)分离，
    每个所述棘爪(30)均包括第一接合部(32)和第二接合部(33)，所述第一接合部(32)和所述第二接合部(33)分别用于在两个相反方向上与所述棘轮(10)的齿(11)接合。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的解耦装置，其特征在于，所述棘爪(30)的基端能转动地连接到所述毂构件(20)，所述第一接合部(32)形成于所述棘爪(30)的远端，所述第二接合部(33)形成于所述棘爪(30)的所述基端和所述远端之间的位置。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的解耦装置，其特征在于，所述致动件(40)包括：多个致动柱(41)；以及将所述多个致动柱(41)连接到一起的连接环(42)，
    所述连接环(42)能够带动所述多个致动柱(41)同步地进出所述多个致动孔(223)。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的解耦装置，其特征在于，所述毂构件(20)包 括分别安装所述多个棘爪(30)的多个棘爪安装凹部(221)，
    所述致动孔(223)为在所述毂构件(20)的轴向(A)上贯穿所述毂构件(20)的通孔，所述致动孔(223)与对应的所述棘爪安装凹部(221)连通，在所述致动柱(41)伸入所述致动孔(223)时，所述致动柱(41)挤压在所述毂构件(20)和所述棘爪(30)之间。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的解耦装置，其特征在于，所述致动柱(41)包括柱部(412)和致动柱斜面(411)，所述棘爪(30)包括形成于其背面的受压面(34)和连接到所述受压面(34)的棘爪斜面(35)，
    通过所述致动柱斜面(411)和所述棘爪斜面(35)配合便于使所述柱部(412)爬上所述受压面(34)，而使所述棘爪(30)的远端向径向内侧摆动而与所述棘轮(10)的齿(11)接合。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的解耦装置，其特征在于，还包括复位弹簧(50)，所述复位弹簧(50)设置于所述致动件(40)和所述毂构件(20)之间，用于使所述致动件(40)从所述致动孔(223)中移出。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的解耦装置，其特征在于，所述驱动装置(60)包括驱动机构(61)和驱动缓冲机构(62)，所述驱动缓冲机构(62)设置于所述驱动机构(61)和所述致动件(40)之间。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的解耦装置，其特征在于，所述驱动机构(61)为或者包括电磁铁、电机、气缸、液压缸或电缸，所述驱动缓冲机构(62)为或者包括压缩弹簧。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的解耦装置，其特征在于，所述驱动装置(60)还包括轴承(63)，
    所述驱动机构(61)为电磁铁，所述电磁铁包括线圈(611)、电枢(612)、连接到所述电枢(612)的驱动环(613)，所述轴承(63)设置在所述驱动环(613)和所述驱动缓冲机构(62)之间。
  10. 一种分动箱，包括权利要求1至9中任一项所述的解耦装置。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的分动箱，其特征在于，所述棘轮(10)连接或包括用于与动力输入构件连接的输入轴(90)，所述毂构件(20)与输出轴(70)抗扭连接在一起，所述输出轴(70)用于与被驱动构件连接。
PCT/CN2022/129185 2022-11-02 2022-11-02 解耦装置及分动箱 WO2023016584A2 (zh)

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US5927455A (en) * 1997-07-21 1999-07-27 Warn Industries Overrunning pawl clutch
US9416828B2 (en) * 2012-03-20 2016-08-16 Warner Electric Technology Llc Pin and pawl style bi-directional overrunning clutch
US9127730B2 (en) * 2012-10-17 2015-09-08 Magna Powertrain Of America, Inc. Electric actuator module for selectable clutch
US9097299B2 (en) * 2013-04-02 2015-08-04 Warner Electric Technology Llc Electromagnetic actuator for a bi-directional clutch
US10533617B2 (en) * 2016-09-01 2020-01-14 Magna Powertrain Inc. Strut-type selectable clutch with hydraulic deployment prevention features
US10024370B1 (en) * 2017-01-13 2018-07-17 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Hybrid transmission having electro-magnetically actuated pawl clutch
US11261922B2 (en) * 2019-08-23 2022-03-01 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Clutch assembly for transmission
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