WO2023015528A1 - 一种软体机器人仿真方法、装置、电子设备及存储介质 - Google Patents

一种软体机器人仿真方法、装置、电子设备及存储介质 Download PDF

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WO2023015528A1
WO2023015528A1 PCT/CN2021/112324 CN2021112324W WO2023015528A1 WO 2023015528 A1 WO2023015528 A1 WO 2023015528A1 CN 2021112324 W CN2021112324 W CN 2021112324W WO 2023015528 A1 WO2023015528 A1 WO 2023015528A1
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grid
moment
parameter
material point
soft robot
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PCT/CN2021/112324
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English (en)
French (fr)
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夏泽洋
何思炜
熊璟
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中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院
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Priority to PCT/CN2021/112324 priority Critical patent/WO2023015528A1/zh
Publication of WO2023015528A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023015528A1/zh

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/20Design optimisation, verification or simulation

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  • the invention belongs to the field of robots, and in particular relates to a soft robot simulation method, device, electronic equipment and storage medium.
  • the flexible body and the fluid need to be updated separately, and the update of the fluid adopts the method of smooth particle hydrodynamics, finite element method, finite volume method, etc. Steps for converting a fluid from a simulation object to a boundary condition. Therefore, the existing soft robot simulation is still unable to provide a simple and unified processing method to solve the problem of flexible body-flexible body and flexible body-fluid interaction simulation in complex scenes.
  • the particle-finite element method (Cremonesi et al., "A State of the Art Review of the Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM)", 2020) is an improved method based on the finite element method.
  • the vertices of the grid unit are regarded as particles that can move freely. After each unit movement according to the result of the finite element solution, the unit is re-divided according to the new vertex distribution and used for the next finite element solution.
  • the above method solves the problem of mesh penetration to a certain extent when simulating soft robots, but flexible bodies and fluids still need to be solved asynchronously, and the mesh redivision before each solution requires additional algorithm design.
  • the purpose of the embodiments of this specification is to provide a soft robot simulation method, device, electronic equipment, and storage medium.
  • the tracking of the soft robot can be completed by setting a small number of marked material points without using additional algorithms to solve the network between different operation steps.
  • the problem of changing grid boundaries has high flexibility.
  • a soft robot simulation method comprising:
  • the second grid dynamics parameters at the second moment are determined through the implicit time integration method, and the second moment is the next moment of the first moment;
  • the second kinematics parameter of the material point corresponding to the second grid dynamics parameter is determined by an interpolation function.
  • the second grid dynamic parameters at the second moment are determined through an implicit time integration method, including:
  • the second grid dynamic parameters at the second moment are determined by an implicit time integration method.
  • the boundary condition applied to the mesh includes an applied pressure of a drive source driving the soft robot.
  • determining the applied pressure of the driving source includes:
  • the first grid dynamic parameters include grid speed, stress, and quality
  • the second grid dynamics parameters at the second moment are determined through the implicit time integration method, including:
  • the nonlinear equation system is constructed; the nonlinear equation system includes the balance equation of the force on the position of all grids with mass;
  • the quasi-Newton method is used to solve the nonlinear equations to obtain the dynamic parameters of the second grid.
  • the first kinematics parameter includes at least one of velocity, mass, stress, and angular momentum of the material point.
  • a soft robot simulation device comprising:
  • the first determination module is used to determine the first kinematic parameters of the material point of the soft robot at the first moment
  • the second determination module is used to determine the first grid dynamics parameter corresponding to the first kinematics parameter of the material point through an interpolation function
  • the third determination module is configured to determine the second grid dynamics parameter at the second moment through an implicit time integration method based on the first grid dynamics parameter, and the second moment is the next moment of the first moment;
  • the fourth determination module is configured to determine the second kinematics parameter of the material point corresponding to the second grid dynamics parameter through an interpolation function.
  • an electronic device including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and operable on the processor.
  • the processor executes the program, the soft robot simulation method in the first aspect is implemented.
  • a readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored, and when the program is executed by a processor, the soft robot simulation method as in the first aspect is implemented.
  • the present invention proposes a soft robot simulation method, device, electronic equipment, and storage medium. This solution can track the boundary of the soft robot by setting a small number of marked material points, and there is no need to use additional algorithms in PFEM to solve the problem between different calculation steps.
  • the problem of grid boundary changes has higher flexibility.
  • the present invention can simultaneously complete the simulation of different objects within a unified update framework, and combine the backward Euler method to solve the problem at the same time, thereby ensuring higher precision.
  • Fig. 1 is the schematic flow chart of the soft robot simulation method that the embodiment of the present application provides;
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of updating steps of the soft robot simulation method provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of preprocessing the input geometric model provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a soft robot simulation device provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the particle-finite element method is used, which is an improved method based on the finite element method.
  • the vertices of the grid unit are regarded as particles that can move freely.
  • the unit is re-divided according to the new vertex distribution and used for the next finite element solution.
  • the embodiment of the present application proposes a soft robot simulation method, which does not need to use additional algorithms to solve the problem of grid boundary changes between different operation steps, and has higher flexibility.
  • FIG. 1 and 2 it shows a schematic flow chart of a soft robot simulation method applicable to the embodiment of the present application.
  • the soft robot simulation method in this application can be applied to fluid-driven soft robots, wire-driven soft robots, etc. It can be understood that bio-energy-driven soft robots, chemical reaction-driven soft robots, etc. can be converted into forces, using the embodiments of this application
  • the proposed simulation method is used for simulation.
  • the generated external force such as gravity, electromagnetic force, etc.
  • the subscript i indicates the grid variable;
  • the subscript p indicates the material point variable;
  • the superscript n indicates the nth moment, the superscript n+1 indicates the n+1th moment, and the nth
  • the interval between the time instant and the (n+1)th instant is a preset time step ⁇ t.
  • a soft robot simulation method may include:
  • the material area of the soft robot is discretized into a group of material points that move relative to the background grid, and each material point represents a material area and carries physical information (ie, kinematic parameters) of all materials. , so the set of all material points represents the entire material region of the soft robot.
  • the kinematic parameters may include at least one of mass m, velocity v, stress f, strain, angular momentum, deformation gradient F, and volume V. It can be understood that when updating, the mass, volume, etc. of each material point are quantitative, while the velocity, stress, strain, etc. are variable.
  • stress is used for fluid-driven soft robot simulation. can be derived from the material model (the first PK stress tensor of the form ⁇ is the strain energy density function, given by the material model) to calculate the stress:
  • the first moment can be any moment, when the first moment is the initial moment, that is, the soft robot is in a static state or a balanced state, at this time, the first kinematics parameter can be a preset initial value, for example, velocity and stress Both can be 0. It is understandable that the initial velocity and stress can also be non-zero, such as some boundary conditions set.
  • the first kinematics parameter is updated according to the kinematics parameter at the previous moment.
  • the moment before the second moment is the first moment.
  • the interval between the first moment (for example nth moment) and the second moment (for example n+1th moment) may be a preset time step ⁇ t, that is, the kinematic parameters of the material point are updated every ⁇ t. It can be understood that the preset time step ⁇ t can be set according to actual requirements.
  • the grid in the soft robot is fixed in space and acts as an integration point, which is used to calculate the spatial derivative and solve the momentum equation.
  • the first grid dynamics parameter refers to the corresponding dynamics parameter after the first kinematics parameter of the material point is transferred to the grid through an interpolation function.
  • the interpolation function can use:
  • h represents the distance between adjacent grids
  • the mass and momentum of the material point are transferred to the grid as:
  • the second grid dynamics parameter refers to the grid dynamics parameter updated according to the implicit time integration method after the preset time step ⁇ t of the first grid dynamics parameter.
  • the second mesh dynamic parameters are then transformed into second kinematic parameters of the material points by an interpolation function.
  • the grid dynamic parameters of position, velocity, deformation gradient, and affine velocity field C are converted to material points as follows:
  • the second grid dynamics parameters at the second moment are determined through an implicit time integration method, which may include:
  • the second grid dynamic parameters at the second moment are determined by an implicit time integration method.
  • the boundary condition may be a first-type boundary condition, a second-type boundary condition, and the like.
  • the boundary conditions may include the applied pressure of the driving source driving the soft robot, and may also include constraints on the fixed end of the soft robot, additional speed applied at a certain moment, external force, and set initial speed, etc.
  • the superscript ext represents the external force generated by the boundary conditions
  • the subscript i represents the grid variable.
  • one common type of soft robot uses fluid as a drive source.
  • the soft robot is forced to move by the pressure provided by the fluid inside the soft robot. Due to the large degree of deformation of the soft robot, the shape and position of the pressure surface change with time, so it is difficult to give a simple geometric representation.
  • determining the applied pressure of the driving source for driving the soft robot may include:
  • the input geometric model is preprocessed: firstly, mark the material point on the initial pressure surface of the soft robot; secondly, find b points including the material point itself Neighborhood composed of material points in the neighborhood and an adjacency line constructed (the adjacency line is constructed between any two material points in the neighborhood).
  • the area and normal vector of the neighborhood composed of b+1 points of a certain material point are calculated through the adjacency line to determine the magnitude and direction of the driving force of the material point.
  • the pressure situation can be approximated by calculating the magnitude and direction of the driven force at each marked material point.
  • the b neighborhood material points can be set according to actual needs, for example, 3 neighborhood material points, 5 neighborhood material points, and so on.
  • the area and normal vector of the neighborhood composed of b+1 points of a certain material point are calculated through the adjacency line to determine the magnitude and direction of the driving force of the material point, which can include:
  • Step 1 For the mth marked material point x p m , find its k neighbor material points;
  • the second step take the coordinates of the b+1 material points in the first step as a column vector, arrange them into a matrix G' of 3 ⁇ (b+1), and find the average value of each row of the matrix G' to form a column vector h , subtract the column vector h from each row of G' to complete the zero-meanization and obtain the matrix G;
  • the fifth step is to normalize the remaining two eigenvectors to obtain two orthogonal unit vectors to form a unit orthogonal basis.
  • Each vector is used as a row vector to form a 2 ⁇ 3 matrix S, and right multiplied
  • the coordinates of the k+1 material points are projected onto a two-dimensional plane to obtain the two-dimensional coordinates of the k+1 material points on the plane;
  • the sixth step is to obtain the convex polygon surrounding the b+1 material points on the plane, and calculate the surface area of the convex polygon, and multiply the area by the pressure provided by the driving source at the moment to obtain a force.
  • the value is the magnitude of the driving force f p ext on the material point x p m .
  • the explicit time integration of the forward Euler method will cause problems such as unstable operation and low precision.
  • the backward Euler method has the advantages of stable operation and high precision. But the backward Euler method needs to be combined with the update framework. Due to the large number of material points, the dimensionality is high when used as an independent variable, while the number of grids is small, and through the transfer of physical quantities from material points to the grid, the grid already has dynamic information, such as force and velocity. Therefore, it is a reasonable choice to use the grid as the variable of the implicit time integration.
  • the second grid dynamics parameters at the second moment are determined through an implicit time integration method, which may include:
  • the nonlinear equation system is constructed; the nonlinear equation system includes the balance equation of the force on the position of all grids with mass;
  • the quasi-Newton method is used to solve the nonlinear equations to obtain the dynamic parameters of the second grid.
  • the acceleration of the grid can be expressed in the form of grid displacement and velocity at the current moment:
  • the acceleration of the grid can be expressed in the form of the resultant force on the grid as:
  • the superscript 0 of represents the solution result of the 0th iteration, namely The initial value of 0, similar to Indicates the result of the kth iterative solution, and the ultimate goal is to obtain a make
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic structural diagram of a soft robot simulation device described according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the soft robot simulation device may include:
  • the first determination module 410 is used to determine the first kinematic parameters of the soft robot material point at the first moment;
  • the second determination module 420 is configured to determine the first grid dynamics parameter corresponding to the first kinematics parameter of the material point through an interpolation function
  • the third determination module 430 is configured to determine a second grid dynamics parameter at a second moment by using an implicit time integration method based on the first grid dynamics parameter, and the second moment is the next moment of the first moment;
  • the fourth determination module 440 is configured to determine the second kinematics parameter of the material point corresponding to the second grid dynamics parameter through an interpolation function.
  • the third determining module 430 is also used for:
  • the second grid dynamic parameters at the second moment are determined by an implicit time integration method.
  • the boundary conditions applied to the grid include the applied pressure of the driving source driving the soft robot.
  • the third determining module 430 is also used for:
  • the first grid dynamics parameters include grid speed, stress, and quality; the third determining module 430 is also used for:
  • the nonlinear equation system is constructed; the nonlinear equation system includes the balance equation of the force on the position of all grids with mass;
  • the quasi-Newton method is used to solve the nonlinear equations to obtain the dynamic parameters of the second grid.
  • the first kinematics parameter includes at least one of velocity, mass, stress, and angular momentum of the material point.
  • a software robot simulation device provided in this embodiment can execute the above-mentioned method embodiment, and its implementation principle and technical effect are similar, and will not be repeated here.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 5 , a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device 500 suitable for implementing the embodiment of the present application is shown.
  • an electronic device 500 includes a central processing unit (CPU) 501, which can operate according to a program stored in a read-only memory (ROM) 502 or a program loaded from a storage section 508 into a random access memory (RAM) 503 Instead, various appropriate actions and processes are performed.
  • ROM read-only memory
  • RAM random access memory
  • various programs and data necessary for the operation of the device 500 are also stored.
  • the CPU 501, ROM 502, and RAM 503 are connected to each other via a bus 504.
  • An input/output (I/O) interface 505 is also connected to the bus 504 .
  • the following components are connected to the I/O interface 505: an input section 506 including a keyboard, a mouse, etc.; an output section 507 including a cathode ray tube (CRT), a liquid crystal display (LCD), etc., and a speaker; a storage section 508 including a hard disk, etc. and a communication section 509 including a network interface card such as a LAN card, a modem, or the like.
  • the communication section 509 performs communication processing via a network such as the Internet.
  • Drive 510 is also connected to I/O interface 506 as needed.
  • a removable medium 511 such as a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a magneto-optical disk, a semiconductor memory, etc., is mounted on the drive 510 as necessary so that a computer program read therefrom is installed into the storage section 508 as necessary.
  • the process described above with reference to FIG. 1 may be implemented as a computer software program.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure include a computer program product including a computer program tangibly contained on a machine-readable medium, the computer program including program codes for executing the above soft robot simulation method.
  • the computer program may be downloaded and installed from a network via communication portion 509 and/or installed from removable media 511 .
  • each block in a flowchart or block diagram may represent a module, program segment, or part of code that includes one or more logical functions for implementing specified executable instructions.
  • the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or they may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved.
  • each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustrations, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustrations can be implemented by a dedicated hardware-based system that performs the specified functions or operations , or may be implemented by a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions.
  • the units or modules involved in the embodiments described in the present application may be implemented by means of software or by means of hardware.
  • the described units or modules may also be provided in a processor.
  • the names of these units or modules do not constitute limitations on the units or modules themselves in some cases.
  • a typical implementing device is a computer.
  • the computer can be, for example, a personal computer, a notebook computer, a mobile phone, a smart phone, a personal digital assistant, a media player, a navigation device, an email device, a game console, a tablet computer, a wearable device, or any of these devices combination of devices.
  • the present application also provides a storage medium, which may be the storage medium contained in the aforementioned device in the above embodiment, or may be a storage medium that exists independently and is not assembled into the device.
  • the storage medium stores one or more programs, and the aforementioned programs are used by one or more processors to execute the soft robot simulation method described in this application.
  • Storage media includes permanent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media.
  • Information storage can be realized by any method or technology.
  • Information may be computer readable instructions, data structures, modules of a program, or other data.
  • Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other types of random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM), Flash memory or other memory technology, Compact Disc Read-Only Memory (CD-ROM), Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) or other optical storage, Magnetic tape cartridge, tape magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage device or any other non-transmission medium that can be used to store information that can be accessed by a computing device.
  • computer-readable media excludes transitory computer-readable media, such as modulated data signals and carrier waves.

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Abstract

一种软体机器人仿真方法、装置、电子设备及存储介质,属于机器人领域。该方法包括:确定第一时刻软体机器人物质点的第一运动学参数(S110);通过插值函数确定物质点的第一运动学参数对应的第一网格动力学参数(S120);基于第一网格动力学参数,通过隐式时间积分方法,确定第二时刻的第二网格动力学参数(S130),第二时刻为第一时刻的下一时刻;通过插值函数确定第二网格动力学参数对应的物质点的第二运动学参数(S140)。该方法追踪软体机器人边界可以通过设置少量标记的物质点完成,无需PFEM中通过额外的算法解决不同运算步之间网格边界变化的问题,具有更高的灵活性。

Description

一种软体机器人仿真方法、装置、电子设备及存储介质 技术领域
本发明属于机器人领域,特别涉及一种软体机器人仿真方法、装置、电子设备及存储介质。
背景技术
在设计软体机器人时,设计人员需要首先给出一个设计方案,该方案可以从仿生学或简化模型分析获得。之后将该设计方案的几何与材料参数输入到仿真场景中,通过基于连续介质假设的离散化方法(常采用有限元法)求解偏微分方程的数值解,得到仿真结果。在对柔性体-柔性体交互情形进行仿真时,在发生接触时需要针对离散化网格的位置关系进行调整,以防止网格穿透与畸形网格现象。在对柔性体-流体交互情形进行仿真时,在同一个更新步内,需要对柔性体及流体分别更新,流体的更新采用光滑粒子流体动力学方法、有限元法、有限体积法等,均存在将流体从仿真对象转变为边界条件的步骤。因此,现有的软体机器人仿真尚无法提供简单、统一的处理手段来解决复杂场景中的柔性体-柔性体及柔性体-流体交互仿真问题。
现有技术中,粒子-有限元法(Cremonesi et al.,“A State of the Art Review of the Particle Finite Element Method(PFEM)”,2020)是一种以有限元法为基础的改进方法。这种方法将网格单元的顶点作为可以自由移动的粒子,在每次根据有限元求解结果进行单元移动后,依据新的顶点分布重新划分单元并用于下一次有限元求解。
上述方法在仿真软体机器人时,一定程度上解决了网格穿透的问题,但柔性体与流体依然需要异步求解,且每一次求解之前的网格重划分需要额外的算法设计。
发明内容
本说明书实施例的目的是提供一种软体机器人仿真方法、装置、电子设备及存储介质,该方法追踪软体机器人可以通过设置少量标记的物质点完成,无需通过额外的算法解决不同运算步之间网格边界变化的问题,灵活性高。
为解决上述技术问题,本说明书实施例通过以下方式实现的:
第一方面,提供一种软体机器人仿真方法,该方法包括:
确定第一时刻软体机器人物质点的第一运动学参数;
通过插值函数确定物质点的第一运动学参数对应的第一网格动力学参数;
基于第一网格动力学参数,通过隐式时间积分方法,确定第二时刻的第二网格动力学参数,第二时刻为第一时刻的下一时刻;
通过插值函数确定第二网格动力学参数对应的物质点的第二运动学参数。
在其中一个实施例中,基于第一网格动力学参数,通过隐式时间积分方法,确定第二时刻的第二网格动力学参数,包括:
基于第一网格动力学参数且满足施加于网格的边界条件,通过隐式时间积分方法,确定第二时刻的第二网格动力学参数。
在其中一个实施例中,施加于网格的边界条件包括驱动软体机器人的驱动源的施加压力。
在其中一个实施例中,确定驱动源的施加压力,包括:
标记软体机器人处于初始受压表面的物质点;
确定包含物质点在内的若干个邻域物质点组成的邻域;
在邻域内任意两个物质点之间构造邻接线;
基于邻接线确定物质点组成的邻域的面积、法向量;
根据邻域的面积、法向量,确定物质点受压力的大小及方向。
在其中一个实施例中,第一网格动力学参数包括网格的速度、应力、质量;
基于第一网格动力学参数,通过隐式时间积分方法,确定第二时刻的第二网格动力学参数,包括:
根据网格的速度及应力,构造网格位置上力的平衡方程;
根据平衡方法,构造非线性方程组;非线性方程组包括所有有质量的网格的位置上力的平衡方程;
采用拟牛顿法求解非线性方程组,得到第二网格动力学参数。
在其中一个实施例中,第一运动学参数包括物质点的速度、质量、应力、角动量中至少一者。
在其中一个实施例中,第一时刻与第二时刻之间间隔预设时间步长。
第二方面,提供一种软体机器人仿真装置,该装置包括:
第一确定模块,用于确定第一时刻软体机器人物质点的第一运动学参数;
第二确定模块,用于通过插值函数确定物质点的第一运动学参数对应的第一网格动力学参数;
第三确定模块,用于基于第一网格动力学参数,通过隐式时间积分方法,确定第二时刻的第二网格动力学参数,第二时刻为第一时刻的下一时刻;
第四确定模块,用于通过插值函数确定第二网格动力学参数对应的物质点的第二运动学参数。
第三方面,提供一种电子设备,包括存储器、处理器及存储在存储器上并可在处理器上运行的计算机程序,处理器执行程序时实现如第一方面的软体机器人仿真方法。
第四方面,提供一种可读存储介质,其上存储有计算机程序,该程序被处理器执行时实现如第一方面的软体机器人仿真方法。
由以上本说明书实施例提供的技术方案可见,
(1)本发明提出一种软体机器人仿真方法、装置、电子设备及存储介质,该方案追踪软体机器人边界可以通过设置少量标记的物质点完成,无需PFEM中通过额外的算法解决不同运算步之间网格边界变化的问题,具有更高的灵活性。
(2)本发明可以在统一的更新框架内同时完成对不同物体的仿真,同时结合后向欧拉法进行求解,保证了较高的精度。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本说明书实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本说明书中记载的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请实施例提供的软体机器人仿真方法的流程示意图;
图2为本申请实施例提供的软体机器人仿真方法的更新步骤示意图;
图3为本申请实施例提供的对输入的几何模型进行预处理的示意图;
图4为本申请实施例提供的软体机器人仿真装置的结构示意图;
图5为本申请实施例提供的电子设备的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本申请作进一步的详细说明。可以理解的是,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用于解释相关发明,而非对该发明的限定。另外还需要说明的是,为了便于描述,附图中仅示出了与发明相关的部分。
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本申请方案,下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图,对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅是本申请一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例,都属于本申请保护的范围。
本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”、“第四”等(如果存在)是用于区别类似的对象,而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。应该理解这样使用的数据在适当情况下可以互换,以便描述的本申请的实施例能够以除了在这里图示或描述的那些以外的顺序实施。
此外,术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形,意图在于覆盖不排他的包含,例如,包含了一系列步骤或模块的过程、方法、系统、产品或设备不必限于清楚地列出的那些步骤或模块,而是可包括没有清楚地列出的或对于这些过程、方法、产品或设备固有的其它步骤或模块。
需要说明的是,在不冲突的情况下,本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。下面将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本申请。
现有技术中,软体机器人仿真时,采用例如粒子-有限元法,一种以有限元法为基础的改进方法。这种方法将网格单元的顶点作为可以自由移动的粒子,在每次根据有限元求解结果进行单元移动后,依据新的顶点分布重新划分单元并用于下一次有限元求解。该方法在一定程度上解决了网格穿透的问题,但柔性体与流体依然需要异步求解,且每一次求解之前的网格重划分需要额外的算法设计。
基于上述缺陷,本申请实施例提出了一种软体机器人仿真方法,无需通过额外的算法解决不同运算步之间网格边界变化的问题,具有更高的灵活性。
参照图1、2,其示出了适用于本申请实施例一种软体机器人仿真方法的流 程示意图。本申请中软体机器人仿真方法可以适用于流体驱动软体机器人、线驱动软体机器人等,可以理解的,生物能源驱动软体机器人、化学反应驱动软体机器人等可以通过将其转化为力,采用本申请实施例提出的仿真方法进行仿真。
说明:本申请实施例中,x表示位置;v表示速度;m表示质量;f表示力;V表示体积;F表示形变梯度;上标int表示基于应力表示的内力;上标ext表示由边界条件产生的外力(如重力、电磁力等);下标i表示网格变量;下标p表示物质点变量;上标n表示第n时刻,上标n+1表示第n+1时刻,第n时刻和第n+1时刻之间间隔为预设时间步长Δt。
如图1、2所示,一种软体机器人仿真方法,可以包括:
S110、确定第一时刻软体机器人物质点的第一运动学参数;
S120、通过插值函数确定物质点的第一运动学参数对应的第一网格动力学参数;
S130、基于第一网格动力学参数,通过隐式时间积分方法,确定第二时刻的第二网格动力学参数,第二时刻为第一时刻的下一时刻;
S140、通过插值函数确定第二网格动力学参数对应的物质点的第二运动学参数。
具体的,本实施例中将软体机器人的材料区域离散为一组相对于背景网格运动的物质点,每个物质点均代表一块材料区域并携带有所以物质的物理信息(即运动学参数),因此,所有物质点的集合代表了软体机器人的整个材料区域。可选的,运动学参数可以包括质量m、速度v、应力f、应变、角动量、形变梯度F、体积V中至少一者。可以理解的,更新时,每个物质点的质量、体积等是定量,而速度、应力、应变等是变量。其中,应力用于流体驱动软体机器人仿真。可以由材料模型(第一PK应力张量形式
Figure PCTCN2021112324-appb-000001
Ψ为应变能密度函数,由材料模型给出)计算应力:
Figure PCTCN2021112324-appb-000002
其中,
Figure PCTCN2021112324-appb-000003
其中,第一时刻可以是任意时刻,当第一时刻是初始时刻时,即软体机器人处于静止态或平衡态,此时,第一运动学参数可以是预先设置的初始值,例如, 速度和应力都可以是0,可以理解的,初始速度和应力也可以不为0,例如设置的一些边界条件等。当第一时刻不是初始时刻时,第一运动学参数是根据前一时刻的运动学参数更新得到的。
其中,第二时刻的前一时刻即为第一时刻。可选的,第一时刻(例如第n时刻)与第二时刻(例如第n+1时刻)之间间隔可以为预设时间步长Δt,即每Δt更新一次物质点的运动学参数。可以理解的,预设时间步长Δt可以根据实际需求进行设定。
软体机器人中的网格是指在空间中固定的,起到积分点的作用,用来计算空间导数和求解动量方程。
第一网格动力学参数是指物质点的第一运动学参数通过插值函数转移到网格上后对应的动力学参数。
示例性的,插值函数可以采用:
Figure PCTCN2021112324-appb-000004
在进行质量与动量的转移时,物质点p对网格i的贡献度由权重α ip求得,其中,α ip为:
Figure PCTCN2021112324-appb-000005
其中,h表示相邻网格之间的距离,物质点p的位置为x p=(x p,y p,z p),网格i的位置为x i=(x i,y i,z i)。
示例性的,将物质点的质量与动量转移到网格上为:
Figure PCTCN2021112324-appb-000006
Figure PCTCN2021112324-appb-000007
其中,
Figure PCTCN2021112324-appb-000008
为对局部角动量耗散的修正项。
第二网格动力学参数是指第一网格动力学参数在预设时间步长Δt后,根据隐式时间积分方法更新的网格动力学参数。
然后通过插值函数将第二网格动力学参数转换为物质点的第二运动学参数。
示例性的,将位置、速度、形变梯度、仿射速度场C的网格动力学参数转换到物质点为:
Figure PCTCN2021112324-appb-000009
Figure PCTCN2021112324-appb-000010
Figure PCTCN2021112324-appb-000011
Figure PCTCN2021112324-appb-000012
其中,
Figure PCTCN2021112324-appb-000013
在一个实施例中,基于第一网格动力学参数,通过隐式时间积分方法,确定第二时刻的第二网格动力学参数,可以包括:
基于第一网格动力学参数且满足施加于网格的边界条件,通过隐式时间积分方法,确定第二时刻的第二网格动力学参数。
具体的,边界条件可以是第一类边界条件、第二类边界条件等。示例性的,边界条件可以包括驱动软体机器人的驱动源的施加压力,还可以包括对软体机器人固定端的约束、在某一个时刻施加的额外速度、外力及设置初始速度等。例如,设置速度v i和(或)外力
Figure PCTCN2021112324-appb-000014
其中,上标ext表示由边界条件产生的外力,下标i表示网格变量。
可以理解的,软体机器人的一大常见类型以流体作为驱动源。在运动时,由软体机器人内部的流体提供压强使软体机器人受迫运动。由于软体机器人的形变程度较大,受压表面的形状与位置都随时间发生改变,因而难以给出简单的几何表示方法。
在一个实施例中,确定驱动软体机器人的驱动源的施加压力,可以包括:
标记软体机器人处于初始受压表面的物质点;
确定包含物质点在内的若干个邻域物质点组成的邻域;
在邻域内任意两个物质点之间构造邻接线;
基于邻接线确定物质点组成的邻域的面积、法向量;
根据邻域的面积、法向量,确定物质点受压力的大小及方向。
具体的,假设流体驱动软体机器人的初始受压表面上的点始终处于任意时刻的受压表面。
在进行算法的初始化时,如图3所示,对输入的几何模型进行预处理:首先,标记出软体机器人处于初始受压表面的物质点;其次,找出包含物质点自身在内的b个邻域物质点组成的邻域并构造邻接线(该邻接线为在邻域内任意两个物质点之间构造的)。在每次更新时,通过邻接线计算某个物质点的b+1个点组成的邻域的面积、法向量,以确定该物质点受驱动力的大小与方向。通过计算标记出的每一个物质点的受驱动力大小和方向,可以近似压强情况。
可以理解的,b个邻域物质点可以根据实际需求进行设置,例如3个邻域物质点、5个邻域物质点等。
在每次更新时,通过邻接线计算某个物质点的b+1个点组成的邻域的面积、法向量,以确定该物质点受驱动力的大小与方向,可以包括:
设共有q个在初始受压表面时被标记出的物质点,暂时记为(x p 1…x p m…x p n),m∈[1,q],进行如下操作:
第一步:对于第m个被标记出的物质点x p m,找出其k个邻域物质点;
第二步:将第一步中b+1个物质点的坐标作为列向量,排列为3×(b+1)的矩阵G’,求该矩阵G’的每一行的平均值组成列向量h,将G’的每一行减去列向量h,完成零均值化,得到矩阵G;
第三步,计算GG T,其中T表示矩阵的转置,得到3×3的方阵L,对该方阵做SVD分解,得到3个特征值与3个对应的特征向量。取最小的特征值向量V’所对应的特征向量作为该物质点上所受驱动力所在的直线,并对其作归一化得到单位向量V=V’/||V’||,||V’||表示向量V’的模;
第四步,记W(x p m,V)表示如下操作:将x p m的坐标按照V的方向移动1个单位的距离,取该移动后坐标最近的网格的质量m i;完成两次这样的操作m i 1=W(x p m,V),m i 2=W(x p m,-V),若m i 1>m i 2,则该物质点上所受驱动力的方向为V,若m i 1<m i 2,则该物质点上所受驱动力的方向为-V;
第五步,将其余两个特征向量也分别做归一化得到两个正交的单位向量,组成单位正交基,每个向量作为行向量,组成一个2×3的矩阵S,并右乘k+1个物质点的坐标,将三维坐标投影至二维的平面,得到这k+1个物质点在该平面的二维坐标;
第六步,求取该b+1个物质点在该平面的外包凸多边形,并计算该凸多边形的表面积,使用该面积乘以此刻驱动源所提供的压强,即得到一个力的大小,该值即该物质点x p m上所受驱动力的大小f p ext
可以理解的,将该力从物质点转移到网格上参与动力学更新,可以通过f i ext=Σ pα ipf p ext完成。
前向欧拉法的显式时间积分会造成运算不稳定,精度低等问题。后向欧拉法具有运算稳定、精度高的优点。但需要将后向欧拉法与更新框架相结合。由于物质点的数量多,作为自变量时的维数高,而网格的数量较少,且通过物质点到网格的物理量转移,网格上已经具有动力学信息,如力和速度。因而,将网格作为隐式时间积分的变量是合理的选择。
在一个实施例中,基于第一网格动力学参数,通过隐式时间积分方法,确定第二时刻的第二网格动力学参数,可以包括:
根据网格的速度及应力,构造网格位置上力的平衡方程;
根据平衡方法,构造非线性方程组;非线性方程组包括所有有质量的网格的位置上力的平衡方程;
采用拟牛顿法求解非线性方程组,得到第二网格动力学参数。
具体的,网格的加速度a i n+1可转化为网格位置的函数a i(x i n+1),而网格上的力f i n+1也是网格位置的函数f i(x i n+1),因而可以构造在网格更新后位置上的力的平衡方程m ia i(x i n+1)-f i(x i n+1)=r。通过下述方式求
Figure PCTCN2021112324-appb-000015
使得r=0。
其中,网格的速度为:
Figure PCTCN2021112324-appb-000016
网格的加速度用网格的位移和当前时刻的速度的形式可表示为:
Figure PCTCN2021112324-appb-000017
网格的加速度用网格上合力的形式可表示为:
Figure PCTCN2021112324-appb-000018
其中,
Figure PCTCN2021112324-appb-000019
Figure PCTCN2021112324-appb-000020
均与Δx i有关,记
Figure PCTCN2021112324-appb-000021
Figure PCTCN2021112324-appb-000022
Figure PCTCN2021112324-appb-000023
为真实值的时候,两个表达式的加速度
Figure PCTCN2021112324-appb-000024
应相等,即
Figure PCTCN2021112324-appb-000025
由于
Figure PCTCN2021112324-appb-000026
并非网格的真实位移,而是进行时间积分的中间变量,在每个时间步之间重置为0,因而上式在未进行迭代求解
Figure PCTCN2021112324-appb-000027
的真实值之前不为0,即
Figure PCTCN2021112324-appb-000028
此处,
Figure PCTCN2021112324-appb-000029
的上标0表示第0次迭代求解的结果,即
Figure PCTCN2021112324-appb-000030
的初始值为0,类似的
Figure PCTCN2021112324-appb-000031
表示第k次迭代求解的结果,最终目标是求得一个
Figure PCTCN2021112324-appb-000032
使得
Figure PCTCN2021112324-appb-000033
Figure PCTCN2021112324-appb-000034
是一个关于
Figure PCTCN2021112324-appb-000035
的非线性方程组,需要通过迭代的方式求得。
由于网格数量多,运算复杂,
Figure PCTCN2021112324-appb-000036
的雅可比矩阵
Figure PCTCN2021112324-appb-000037
难以计算,因此考虑采用Broyden形式的拟牛顿法进行迭代求解,该方法只要求未知量初始值时的雅可比矩阵
Figure PCTCN2021112324-appb-000038
令B =J 0,作为对雅可比矩阵的初始估计,之后每一次迭代求解的雅可比矩阵估计值B k可以通过迭代得到而不用耗费大量计算资源计算J k
使用Broyden形式的拟牛顿法的具体步骤为
1)构造线性方程组
Figure PCTCN2021112324-appb-000039
(第一次迭代时为
Figure PCTCN2021112324-appb-000040
),其中p k为该线性方程组的未知量,也是
Figure PCTCN2021112324-appb-000041
在第k步的增量,解该线性方程组得到p k
2)通过线搜索算法确定增量p k的系数α,并更新未知量
Figure PCTCN2021112324-appb-000042
3)计算更新B k+1需要的中间变量s k和y k
其中,s k=αp k
而y k为r的增量,即
Figure PCTCN2021112324-appb-000043
4)更新下一次迭代用的对雅可比矩阵的估计B k+1
Figure PCTCN2021112324-appb-000044
其中
Figure PCTCN2021112324-appb-000045
为s k的转置。
至此,完成一次Broyden形式的拟牛顿法的迭代求解。
Figure PCTCN2021112324-appb-000046
满足条件,即小于设定的阈值时,停止迭代,令
Figure PCTCN2021112324-appb-000047
则网格的位移为
Figure PCTCN2021112324-appb-000048
速度为
Figure PCTCN2021112324-appb-000049
随后通过网格动力学参数转换到物质点的公式将其转移到物质点上。
参照图4,其示出了根据本申请一个实施例描述的软体机器人仿真装置的结构示意图。
如图4所示,软体机器人仿真装置,可以包括:
第一确定模块410,用于确定第一时刻软体机器人物质点的第一运动学参数;
第二确定模块420,用于通过插值函数确定物质点的第一运动学参数对应的第一网格动力学参数;
第三确定模块430,用于基于第一网格动力学参数,通过隐式时间积分方法, 确定第二时刻的第二网格动力学参数,第二时刻为第一时刻的下一时刻;
第四确定模块440,用于通过插值函数确定第二网格动力学参数对应的物质点的第二运动学参数。
可选的,第三确定模块430还用于:
基于第一网格动力学参数且满足施加于网格的边界条件,通过隐式时间积分方法,确定第二时刻的第二网格动力学参数。
可选的,施加于网格的边界条件包括驱动软体机器人的驱动源的施加压力。
可选的,第三确定模块430还用于:
标记软体机器人处于初始受压表面的物质点;
确定包含物质点在内的若干个邻域物质点组成的邻域;
在邻域内任意两个物质点之间构造邻接线;
基于邻接线确定物质点组成的邻域的面积、法向量;
根据邻域的面积、法向量,确定物质点受压力的大小及方向。
可选的,第一网格动力学参数包括网格的速度、应力、质量;第三确定模块430还用于:
根据网格的速度及应力,构造网格位置上力的平衡方程;
根据平衡方法,构造非线性方程组;非线性方程组包括所有有质量的网格的位置上力的平衡方程;
采用拟牛顿法求解非线性方程组,得到第二网格动力学参数。
可选的,第一运动学参数包括物质点的速度、质量、应力、角动量中至少一者。
可选的,第一时刻与第二时刻之间间隔预设时间步长。
本实施例提供的一种软体机器人仿真装置,可以执行上述方法的实施例,其实现原理和技术效果类似,在此不再赘述。
图5为本发明实施例提供的一种电子设备的结构示意图。如图5所示,示出了适于用来实现本申请实施例的电子设备500的结构示意图。
如图5所示,电子设备500包括中央处理单元(CPU)501,其可以根据存储在只读存储器(ROM)502中的程序或者从存储部分508加载到随机访问存储器(RAM)503中的程序而执行各种适当的动作和处理。在RAM 503中,还存 储有设备500操作所需的各种程序和数据。CPU 501、ROM 502以及RAM 503通过总线504彼此相连。输入/输出(I/O)接口505也连接至总线504。
以下部件连接至I/O接口505:包括键盘、鼠标等的输入部分506;包括诸如阴极射线管(CRT)、液晶显示器(LCD)等以及扬声器等的输出部分507;包括硬盘等的存储部分508;以及包括诸如LAN卡、调制解调器等的网络接口卡的通信部分509。通信部分509经由诸如因特网的网络执行通信处理。驱动器510也根据需要连接至I/O接口506。可拆卸介质511,诸如磁盘、光盘、磁光盘、半导体存储器等等,根据需要安装在驱动器510上,以便于从其上读出的计算机程序根据需要被安装入存储部分508。
特别地,根据本公开的实施例,上文参考图1描述的过程可以被实现为计算机软件程序。例如,本公开的实施例包括一种计算机程序产品,其包括有形地包含在机器可读介质上的计算机程序,计算机程序包含用于执行上述软体机器人仿真方法的程序代码。在这样的实施例中,该计算机程序可以通过通信部分509从网络上被下载和安装,和/或从可拆卸介质511被安装。
附图中的流程图和框图,图示了按照本发明各种实施例的系统、方法和计算机程序产品的可能实现的体系架构、功能和操作。在这点上,流程图或框图中的每个方框可以代表一个模块、程序段、或代码的一部分,前述模块、程序段、或代码的一部分包含一个或多个用于实现规定的逻辑功能的可执行指令。也应当注意,在有些作为替换的实现中,方框中所标注的功能也可以以不同于附图中所标注的顺序发生。例如,两个接连地表示的方框实际上可以基本并行地执行,它们有时也可以按相反的顺序执行,这依所涉及的功能而定。也要注意的是,框图和/或流程图中的每个方框、以及框图和/或流程图中的方框的组合,可以用执行规定的功能或操作的专用的基于硬件的系统来实现,或者可以用专用硬件与计算机指令的组合来实现。
描述于本申请实施例中所涉及到的单元或模块可以通过软件的方式实现,也可以通过硬件的方式来实现。所描述的单元或模块也可以设置在处理器中。这些单元或模块的名称在某种情况下并不构成对该单元或模块本身的限定。
上述实施例阐明的系统、装置、模块或单元,具体可以由计算机芯片或实体实现,或者由具有某种功能的产品来实现。一种典型的实现设备为计算机。具体 的,计算机例如可以为个人计算机、笔记本电脑、行动电话、智能电话、个人数字助理、媒体播放器、导航设备、电子邮件设备、游戏控制台、平板计算机、可穿戴设备或者这些设备中的任何设备的组合。
作为另一方面,本申请还提供了一种存储介质,该存储介质可以是上述实施例中前述装置中所包含的存储介质;也可以是单独存在,未装配入设备中的存储介质。存储介质存储有一个或者一个以上程序,前述程序被一个或者一个以上的处理器用来执行描述于本申请的软体机器人仿真方法。
存储介质包括永久性和非永久性、可移动和非可移动媒体可以由任何方法或技术来实现信息存储。信息可以是计算机可读指令、数据结构、程序的模块或其他数据。计算机的存储介质的例子包括,但不限于相变内存(PRAM)、静态随机存取存储器(SRAM)、动态随机存取存储器(DRAM)、其他类型的随机存取存储器(RAM)、只读存储器(ROM)、电可擦除可编程只读存储器(EEPROM)、快闪记忆体或其他内存技术、只读光盘只读存储器(CD-ROM)、数字多功能光盘(DVD)或其他光学存储、磁盒式磁带,磁带磁磁盘存储或其他磁性存储设备或任何其他非传输介质,可用于存储可以被计算设备访问的信息。按照本文中的界定,计算机可读介质不包括暂存电脑可读媒体(transitory media),如调制的数据信号和载波。
还需要说明的是,术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含,从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、商品或者设备不仅包括那些要素,而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素,或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、商品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下,由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素,并不排除在包括要素的过程、方法、商品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。
本说明书中的各个实施例均采用递进的方式描述,各个实施例之间相同相似的部分互相参见即可,每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处。尤其,对于系统实施例而言,由于其基本相似于方法实施例,所以描述的比较简单,相关之处参见方法实施例的部分说明即可。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种软体机器人仿真方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括:
    确定第一时刻所述软体机器人物质点的第一运动学参数;
    通过插值函数确定所述物质点的第一运动学参数对应的第一网格动力学参数;
    基于所述第一网格动力学参数,通过隐式时间积分方法,确定第二时刻的第二网格动力学参数,所述第二时刻为所述第一时刻的下一时刻;
    通过插值函数确定所述第二网格动力学参数对应的所述物质点的第二运动学参数。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述基于所述第一网格动力学参数,通过隐式时间积分方法,确定第二时刻的第二网格动力学参数,包括:
    基于所述第一网格动力学参数且满足施加于网格的边界条件,通过所述隐式时间积分方法,确定所述第二时刻的所述第二网格动力学参数。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述施加于网格的边界条件包括驱动所述软体机器人的驱动源的施加压力。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,确定所述驱动源的施加压力,包括:
    标记所述软体机器人处于初始受压表面的物质点;
    确定包含所述物质点在内的若干个邻域物质点组成的邻域;
    在所述邻域内任意两个物质点之间构造邻接线;
    基于所述邻接线确定所述物质点组成的邻域的面积、法向量;
    根据所述邻域的面积、法向量,确定所述物质点受压力的大小及方向。
  5. 根据权利要1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第一网格动力学参数包括所述网格的速度、应力、质量;
    所述基于所述第一网格动力学参数,通过隐式时间积分方法,确定第二时刻的第二网格动力学参数,包括:
    根据所述网格的速度及应力,构造所述网格位置上力的平衡方程;
    根据所述平衡方法,构造非线性方程组;所述非线性方程组包括所有有质量的所述网格的位置上力的平衡方程;
    采用拟牛顿法求解所述非线性方程组,得到所述第二网格动力学参数。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第一运动学参数包括所述物质点的速度、质量、应力、角动量中至少一者。
  7. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的方法,其特征在于:所述第一时刻与所述第二时刻之间间隔预设时间步长。
  8. 一种软体机器人仿真装置,其特征在于,所述装置包括:
    第一确定模块,用于确定第一时刻所述软体机器人物质点的第一运动学参数;
    第二确定模块,用于通过插值函数确定所述物质点的第一运动学参数对应的第一网格动力学参数;
    第三确定模块,用于基于所述第一网格动力学参数,通过隐式时间积分方法,确定第二时刻的第二网格动力学参数,所述第二时刻为所述第一时刻的下一时刻;
    第四确定模块,用于通过插值函数确定所述第二网格动力学参数对应的所述物质点的第二运动学参数。
  9. 一种电子设备,包括存储器、处理器及存储在存储器上并可在处理器上运行的计算机程序,其特征在于,所述处理器执行所述程序时实现如权利要求1-7中任一所述的软体机器人仿真方法。
  10. 一种可读存储介质,其上存储有计算机程序,其特征在于,该程序被处理器执行时实现如权利要求1-7中任一所述的软体机器人仿真方法。
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