WO2023013452A1 - ガス処理システム - Google Patents
ガス処理システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023013452A1 WO2023013452A1 PCT/JP2022/028591 JP2022028591W WO2023013452A1 WO 2023013452 A1 WO2023013452 A1 WO 2023013452A1 JP 2022028591 W JP2022028591 W JP 2022028591W WO 2023013452 A1 WO2023013452 A1 WO 2023013452A1
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- Prior art keywords
- gas
- compressor
- carbon dioxide
- compressors
- separator
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
- C10L3/06—Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by C10G, C10K3/02 or C10K3/04
- C10L3/10—Working-up natural gas or synthetic natural gas
- C10L3/101—Removal of contaminants
- C10L3/102—Removal of contaminants of acid contaminants
- C10L3/104—Carbon dioxide
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/50—Carbon dioxide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
- C10L3/06—Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by C10G, C10K3/02 or C10K3/04
- C10L3/10—Working-up natural gas or synthetic natural gas
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
- Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
- Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to gas processing systems.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a membrane system that separates carbon dioxide from natural gas that mainly contains methane and carbon dioxide using a membrane that separates carbon dioxide.
- Patent Literature 2 discloses an adsorption system that separates carbon dioxide contained in exhaust gas using an adsorbent such as polyamine.
- the pressure difference between the two spaces separated by the membrane is the driving force for separating carbon dioxide.
- the gas to be treated is generally pressurized in order to increase the pressure of the gas to be treated, and energy is required for compressing the gas.
- the adsorption method it is necessary to compress or heat the gas to be treated, which also requires energy.
- the present disclosure has been made in view of the above circumstances, and aims to provide a technology that enables separation of carbon dioxide from a gas to be treated containing carbon dioxide with less energy than before. .
- a gas processing system is a gas processing system that separates carbon dioxide from a gas to be processed containing carbon dioxide, comprising one or more first compressors that pressurize the gas to be processed, and The target gas pressurized by one or more first compressors is divided into a first gas having a higher carbon dioxide concentration than the target gas and a second gas having a lower carbon dioxide concentration than the target gas.
- one or more second compressors for pressurizing the first gas; and the first gas pressurized by the one or more second compressors.
- Kinetic energy (power) is recovered from the second gas and the fourth gas, and the recovered kinetic energy is transferred to one or more compressors including the one or more first compressors and the one or more second compressors.
- an inflator in communication with at least one.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a separator 110;
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the structural example of the gas processing system 1B by a modification (2).
- Embodiment FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a gas processing system 1A according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the gas processing system 1A is a gas processing system that separates carbon dioxide from a target gas GA containing carbon dioxide.
- the gas to be treated GA of the present embodiment is exhaust gas generated by burning fossil fuel such as coal, petroleum, or natural gas. More specifically, the gas to be treated GA in this embodiment is exhaust gas obtained by removing soot, nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides from gas generated by thermal power generation in a thermal power plant.
- the gas processing system 1A includes a gas processing unit 10, a gas processing unit 20, and an expander 40.
- gas processing unit 20 is connected in series with gas processing unit 10 .
- the target gas GA is supplied to the gas processing unit 10 .
- the gas processing unit 10 comprises compressors 100A and 100B and a separator 110 .
- compressor 100A, compressor 100B, and separator 110 are connected in series in this order.
- Each of compressor 100A and compressor 100B is an example of a first compressor in the present disclosure.
- Separator 110 is an example of a first separator in the present disclosure.
- Gas processing unit 10 is an example of a first unit in the present disclosure.
- the compressor 100A is a fluid machine that pressurizes supplied gas by means of rotary motion of an impeller or rotor or reciprocating motion of a piston.
- the gas to be processed GA is supplied to the compressor 100A. Pressurization by the compressor 100A reduces the volume of the gas to be processed GA and increases the pressure of the gas to be processed GA.
- Kinetic energy for driving the impeller, rotor or piston in the compressor 100A is provided from a power source such as an electric motor connected to the compressor 100A.
- the expander 40 also provides kinetic energy for driving the impeller, rotor, or piston in the compressor 100A, although details will be described later.
- the gas to be treated GA compressed by the compressor 100A is supplied to the compressor 100B.
- the compressor 100B is a fluid machine that pressurizes supplied gas by means of rotary motion of an impeller or rotor or reciprocating motion of a piston.
- compressor 100A and compressor 100B may be referred to as compressor 100 when there is no need to distinguish between compressor 100B and compressor 100A.
- the volume of the compressor 100B may be smaller than the volume of the compressor 100A. Compression by the compressor 100B further reduces the volume of the gas to be processed GA and further increases the pressure of the gas to be processed GA.
- the kinetic energy required for compressing the target gas GA in the compressor 100B is given from a power source such as an electric motor connected to the compressor 100B.
- the separator 110 is supplied with the target gas GA compressed by the compressor 100B.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a configuration example of the separator 110.
- the separator 110 includes a membrane 110a for separating carbon dioxide from the gas to be treated GA compressed by the compressor 100B.
- the membrane 110a has the property of selectively permeating carbon dioxide.
- the separator 110 is a membrane-type device that separates carbon dioxide using the membrane 110a that selectively permeates carbon dioxide.
- a membrane-type device is used as the separator 110 because, in the adsorption method, it is necessary to perform post-treatment such as heat treatment or chemical treatment in order to recover carbon dioxide from the adsorbent that has adsorbed carbon dioxide. On the other hand, the membrane method does not require such a post-treatment.
- the film 110a include a polyethylene glycol crosslinked film, a rubber-based film such as an elastomer, a film formed of porous carbon fiber, or a film formed of an inorganic material such as ceramic.
- the partial pressure of carbon dioxide upstream of the membrane 110a in the separator 110 is the partial pressure of carbon dioxide contained in the target gas GA compressed by the compressor 100B.
- two compressors 100 are provided in front of the separator 110 , and the gas to be treated GA is compressed by these two compressors 100 .
- the partial pressure of carbon dioxide contained in the gas to be treated GA supplied to the first-stage compressor 100A is generally normal pressure of about 0.3 atm.
- the pressure of the gas to be treated GA supplied to the separator 110 is increased to 3 to 10 atmospheres by pressurization by the two-stage compressor 100, and carbon dioxide can be efficiently separated.
- the gas to be treated GA compressed by the compressor 100B is separated by the separator 110 into a first permeable gas G1 that permeates the membrane 110a and a first non-permeable gas G2 that does not permeate the membrane 110a.
- the first permeable gas G1 is a gas having a carbon dioxide concentration higher than that of the target gas GA.
- the size and type of the membrane 110a may be selected, for example, so that the concentration of carbon dioxide in the first permeable gas G1 is about 50% higher than the concentration of carbon dioxide in the gas to be treated GA.
- the first permeable gas G1 is an example of the first gas in the present disclosure.
- the first non-permeable gas G2 is a gas having a carbon dioxide concentration lower than that of the target gas GA.
- the first non-permeable gas G2 is an example of the second gas in the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 1, a first permeate gas G1 is supplied to the gas treatment unit 20 and a first non-permeate gas G2 is supplied to the expander 40. As shown in FIG. 1, a first permeate gas G1 is supplied to the gas treatment unit 20 and a first non-permeate gas G2 is supplied to the expander 40. As shown in FIG.
- the gas processing unit 20 includes compressors 200A and 200B, and a separator 210.
- compressor 200A, compressor 200B, and separator 210 are connected in series in this order.
- Each of the compressor 200A and the compressor 200B is a fluid machine that pressurizes supplied gas by rotating motion of an impeller or rotor or reciprocating motion of a piston, like the compressor 100 .
- compressor 200A and compressor 200B may be referred to as compressor 200 when there is no need to distinguish between compressor 200A and compressor 200B.
- the separator 210 like the separator 110, is a membrane-type device that separates carbon dioxide using a membrane that selectively permeates carbon dioxide.
- a first permeable gas G1 is supplied to the compressor 200A.
- the gas to be treated GA pressurized by the compressor 100B is separated by the separator 110 into the first permeable gas G1 and the first non-permeable gas G2. Since only the first permeating gas G1 is supplied to the compressor 200A, the volume of the compressor 200A may be smaller than the volume of the compressor 100B. Compression by the compressor 200A reduces the volume of the first permeate gas G1 and increases the pressure of the first permeate gas G1.
- the kinetic energy required for compressing the first permeation gas G1 in the compressor 200A is given from a power source such as an electric motor connected to the compressor 200A.
- the first permeating gas G1 compressed by the compressor 200A is supplied to the compressor 200B. Since the compressor 200B is supplied with the first permeating gas G1 compressed by the compressor 200A, the volume of the compressor 200B may be smaller than the volume of the compressor 200A. Compression by the compressor 200B further reduces the volume of the first permeate gas G1 and further increases the pressure of the first permeate gas G1.
- the kinetic energy required for compressing the first permeation gas G1 in the compressor 200B is given from a power source such as an electric motor connected to the compressor 200B.
- the separator 210 is supplied with the first permeated gas G1 compressed by the compressor 100B.
- carbon dioxide is also separated due to the pressure difference between the partial pressure of carbon dioxide upstream of the membrane and the partial pressure of carbon dioxide downstream of the membrane.
- the partial pressure of carbon dioxide upstream of the membrane in separator 210 is the partial pressure of carbon dioxide contained in first permeate gas G1 compressed by compressor 200B.
- the partial pressure of carbon dioxide downstream of the membrane of separator 210 is approximately atmospheric pressure, ie, the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
- the compressors 200 are provided in two stages before the separator 210, and the first permeating gas G1 is compressed by these two stage compressors 100, so that the first permeating gas G1 contains By further increasing the partial pressure of carbon dioxide, it is possible to separate carbon dioxide efficiently.
- the first permeable gas G1 compressed by the compressor 200B is separated by the separator 210 into a second permeable gas G3 that permeates the membrane included in the separator 210 and a second non-permeable gas G4 that does not permeate the membrane. be done.
- the second permeable gas G3 is a gas having a carbon dioxide concentration higher than that of the first permeable gas G1.
- the second permeable gas G3 is an example of a third gas in the present disclosure.
- the second non-permeable gas G4 is a gas having a carbon dioxide concentration lower than that of the first permeable gas G1.
- the second non-permeable gas G4 is an example of a fourth gas in the present disclosure.
- the second permeating gas G3 discharged from the separator 210 is stored in a tank or the like (not shown).
- the carbon dioxide contained in the second permeate gas G3 may be vented to a subterranean reservoir or may be utilized in the performance of enhanced oil recovery.
- the enhanced oil recovery method refers to a method of injecting carbon dioxide into the underground of an oil field in order to recover crude oil that does not self-spout from an oil field or the like, and ejecting the crude oil by the pressure of this carbon dioxide.
- the second non-permeating gas G4 discharged from the separator 210 is supplied to the expander 40 after joining the first non-permeating gas G2, as shown in FIG.
- the expander 40 is a device that converts pressure energy of fluid into kinetic energy of mechanical motion such as rotational motion.
- the expander 40 of the present embodiment includes a turbine as a mechanism for converting pressure energy of fluid into kinetic energy.
- expander 40 may include a piston instead of a turbine.
- the expander 40 is supplied with a high pressure first non-permeating gas G2 and a higher pressure second non-permeating gas G4.
- the expander 40 expands the supplied first non-permeable gas G2 and second non-permeable gas G4 to rotate the turbine, thereby generating rotational force.
- Converting the pressure of the first non-permeating gas G2 and the second non-permeating gas G4 into kinetic energy in this manner is referred to as recovering the kinetic energy from the first non-permeating gas G2 and the second non-permeating gas G4.
- a rotating shaft generating rotational force in the expander 40 for example, a rotating shaft of a turbine, is coaxially connected to a rotating shaft of an impeller or a rotor in the compressor 100A or a crank shaft that reciprocates a piston. Therefore, the kinetic energy recovered from the first non-permeable gas G2 and the second non-permeable gas G4 by the expander 40 is transmitted to the compressor 100A.
- the reason for transmitting the kinetic energy recovered by the expander 40 to the first stage compressor 100A in the gas processing system 1A is as follows.
- the capacity of the compressor 100A is the largest.
- the efficiency of a compressor is higher the larger the compressor volume. Therefore, using the kinetic energy recovered by the expander 40 in the compressor 100A, which has the largest capacity among the compressors 100A, 100B, 200A, and 200B, leads to an improvement in overall efficiency.
- the gas flow rate in the compressor 100A is the largest, and the compression work is also the largest.
- the compression load in the compressor 100A is the highest. That is, the kinetic energy required for compression also becomes maximum in the compressor 100A. If the kinetic energy recovered by expander 40 were transmitted to compressor 100B, compressor 200A, or compressor 200B, it is conceivable that the kinetic energy recovered by expander 40 would exceed the compression load. If the kinetic energy recovered by the expander 40 exceeds the compression load, the difference between the recovered kinetic energy and the compression load is wasted. By transmitting the kinetic energy recovered by the expander 40 to the compressor 100A having the maximum compression load, the kinetic energy recovered by the expander 40 can be utilized without waste.
- the kinetic energy recovered from the first non-permeable gas G2 and the second non-permeable gas G4 by the expander 40 is used for compressing the target gas GA in the gas processing unit 10. , it becomes possible to separate carbon dioxide from the gas to be treated GA with less energy than in the prior art that does not use the kinetic energy. Further, in the gas treatment system 1A of the present embodiment, the kinetic energy is collectively recovered from the first non-permeable gas G2 and the second non-permeable gas G4 by the expander 40, so that the kinetic energy is recovered from the first non-permeable gas G2.
- the manufacturing cost of the gas treatment system 1A can be reduced compared to a mode in which an expander for recovering the gas G4 and an expander for recovering the kinetic energy from the second non-permeating gas G4 are provided. That is, according to the gas processing system 1A of the present embodiment, it is possible to efficiently separate carbon dioxide from the processing target gas GA at a lower cost and with less energy than conventional systems.
- the embodiments described above may be modified as follows.
- the gas to be treated GA in the above embodiment was the exhaust gas discharged from the thermal power plant, but the exhaust gas from a vehicle powered by an internal combustion engine such as a gasoline engine or a diesel engine, or the internal combustion engine or external combustion engine.
- the gas GA to be treated may be the exhaust gas of a vessel powered by an engine.
- a specific example of the external combustion engine is a combination of a turbine and a boiler that drives the turbine.
- the target gas GA may be gas generated by incinerating objects other than fossil fuels, such as exhaust gas generated in a waste incinerator, or may be natural gas.
- gas processing system 1A shown in FIG. 1 may be modified into the gas processing system 1B shown in FIG. As is apparent from a comparison of FIGS. 1 and 3, gas processing system 1B differs from gas processing system 1A in that kinetic energy recovered by expander 40 is transferred to compressor 200A.
- the second non-permeating gas G4 joins with the first non-permeating gas G2 and is supplied to the expander 40. Therefore, in the gas processing system 1B, the kinetic energy collectively recovered from the first non-permeable gas G2 and the second non-permeable gas G4 by the expander 40 is used for compressing the first permeable gas G1 in the gas processing unit 20. be. Therefore, the gas processing system 1B can also efficiently separate carbon dioxide from the processing target gas GA at a lower cost and with less energy than the conventional system.
- the gas processing system 1A may be deformed so that the kinetic energy recovered by the expander 40 is transferred to the compressor 100B.
- gas processing system 1A may be modified such that the kinetic energy recovered by expander 40 is transferred to compressor 200B. Note that if the compression load in each of the compressor 100A, the compressor 100B, the compressor 200A, and the compressor 200B exceeds the kinetic energy recovered by the expander 40, the motion energy recovered by the expander 40 Energy may be transferred to any of compressor 100A, compressor 100B, compressor 200A, and compressor 200B.
- gas processing system 1A shown in FIG. 1 may be modified into a gas processing system 1C shown in FIG.
- gas processing system 1C differs from gas processing system 1A in the following three points of difference.
- the first difference is that the compressor 100C is provided in the gas processing unit 10 before the separator 110 and after the compressor 100B.
- the gas to be processed GA compressed by the compressor 100B is supplied to the compressor 100C.
- the compressor 100C like the compressors 100A and 100B, is a fluid machine that pressurizes supplied gas by means of rotary motion of an impeller or rotor or reciprocating motion of a piston.
- the gas to be processed GA that is sequentially pressurized by the compressor 100A, the compressor 100B, and the compressor 100C is supplied to the separator 110 .
- gas processing unit 20 in the gas processing system 1A may include three or more compressors 200. may be included.
- gas processing unit 10 in gas processing system 1B shown in FIG. 3 may include three or more compressors 100 and gas processing unit 20 in gas processing system 1B may include three or more compressors 200. may be included.
- the second difference is that the compressor 200B is omitted in the gas processing unit 20.
- the first permeate gas G1 pressurized by the compressor 200A is provided to the separator 210.
- the gas processing system 1A shown in FIG. 1 or the gas processing system 1B shown in FIG. There may be one compressor 200 . That is, the number of compressors 100 included in the gas processing unit 10 may be one or more, and the number of compressors 200 included in the gas processing unit 20 may be one or more.
- Gas processing unit 30 is provided after the gas processing unit 20.
- Gas processing unit 30 includes compressor 300A, compressor 300B, and separator 310 .
- compressor 300A, compressor 300B, and separator 310 are connected in series in this order.
- Compressor 300A and compressor 300B are fluid machines that pressurize supplied gas by rotating motion of an impeller or rotor or reciprocating motion of a piston, like compressor 100 and compressor 200 .
- compressor 300A and compressor 300B may be referred to as compressor 300 when there is no need to distinguish between compressor 300A and compressor 300B.
- gas processing unit 30 may include one or more compressors 300 .
- the separator 310 like the separators 110 and 210, is a device that separates carbon dioxide using a membrane that selectively permeates carbon dioxide.
- the second permeating gas G3 discharged from the separator 210 is sequentially compressed by each of the compressor 300A and the compressor 300B, and the second permeating gas G3 compressed by the compressor 300B is transferred to the separator 310 supplied to The separator 310 divides the second permeable gas G3 compressed by the compressor 300B into a third permeable gas G5 that permeates a membrane having a property of selectively permeating carbon dioxide and a third non-permeable gas that does not permeate the membrane. gas G6.
- the third permeating gas G5 is temporarily stored in a tank or the like (not shown) and then discharged into an underground tidal current layer.
- the third non-permeable gas G6 joins the first non-permeable gas G2 and the second non-permeable gas G4 and is supplied to the expander 40 .
- the kinetic energy collectively recovered from the first non-permeable gas G2, the second non-permeable gas G4, and the third non-permeable gas G6 by the expander 40 is applied to the gas to be processed in the gas processing unit 10. Used for GA compression. Therefore, with the gas processing system 1C as well, carbon dioxide can be efficiently separated from the processing target gas GA at a lower cost and with less energy than conventional systems.
- the gas processing unit 10 in the gas processing system 1C is an example of the first unit in the present disclosure
- the gas processing unit 20 in the gas processing system 1C is an example of the second unit in the present disclosure.
- gas processing unit 20 of gas processing system 1C is the first unit of the present disclosure. is an example, and the gas processing unit 30 of the gas processing system 1C is an example of the second unit of the present disclosure.
- the gas processing unit in the preceding stage of the arbitrary two stages of gas processing units in the gas processing system 1C is an example of the first unit in the present disclosure, and the gas processing unit in the latter stage is an example of the second unit. be.
- the separators 110, 210 and 310 in the above embodiments are all membrane separators.
- a separation type separator that separates carbon dioxide from the target gas GA by increasing the temperature of the target gas GA may be employed as the separators 110, 210, and 310.
- the gas to be treated GA is a gas
- the number of moles is constant, that is, the number of molecules constituting the gas to be treated GA is constant, and the volume of the gas to be treated GA is constant. temperature rises. That is, controlling the pressure of the gas to be processed GA is substantially equivalent to controlling the temperature of the gas to be processed GA. Therefore, even if the carbon dioxide separation method in each of separator 110, separator 210, and separator 310 is a separation method in which carbon dioxide is separated by increasing the temperature, according to the present disclosure, It becomes possible to efficiently separate carbon dioxide with less energy and at a lower cost than before.
- the carbon dioxide separation method in each of separator 110, separator 210, and separator 310 does not need to be the same.
- the separation method in the separator 110 may be a membrane method
- the separation method in the separator 210 may be a separation method in which carbon dioxide is separated by raising the temperature to a high temperature.
- the separation method in the separator 210 may be a membrane method.
- a gas processing system that is one aspect of the present disclosure is a gas processing system that separates carbon dioxide from a gas to be processed containing carbon dioxide, and includes a first unit, a second unit, and an expander.
- the first unit includes one or more first compressors and a first separator.
- the one or more first compressors pressurize the gas to be processed.
- the first separator divides the target gas pressurized by the one or more first compressors into a first gas having a carbon dioxide concentration higher than that of the target gas and a carbon dioxide concentration higher than that of the target gas. It separates into a second gas with a low concentration of carbon dioxide.
- the second unit includes one or more second compressors and a second separator. The one or more second compressors pressurize the first gas.
- the second separator divides the first gas pressurized by the one or more second compressors into a third gas having a carbon dioxide concentration higher than that of the first gas, and It separates into a fourth gas with a low concentration of carbon dioxide.
- the expander recovers kinetic energy from the second gas and the fourth gas, and applies the recovered kinetic energy to a plurality of compressors including the one or more first compressors and the one or more second compressors. communicate to at least one of the compressors;
- the kinetic energy collectively recovered from the second gas and the fourth gas by the expander is used for compression in the first unit or the second unit, so the gas is processed with less energy than before. It becomes possible to separate carbon dioxide from the target gas.
- the carbon dioxide separation method in the first separator and the second separator may be a membrane method or an adsorption method.
- the kinetic energy recovered by the expander in the gas processing system may be transferred to any of the one or more first compressors.
- the kinetic energy recovered by the expander is transmitted to one of the one or more first compressors, so the kinetic energy recovered by the expander is utilized without waste. it becomes possible to
- the one or more first compressors in the gas processing system of a further preferred embodiment may be a plurality of first compressors connected in series.
- the expander may be the first compressor having the largest compression work among the plurality of first compressors. may be coaxially connected to the device. According to the gas processing system of this aspect, it is possible to utilize the kinetic energy recovered by the expander without waste.
- the first separator in the gas treatment system of a further preferred embodiment separates the first gas by permeating the first gas from the gas to be treated pressurized by the one or more first compressors. It may also include a membrane. According to the gas treatment system of this aspect, carbon dioxide can be separated by a membrane system regardless of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide contained in the gas to be treated.
- the second separator in the gas processing system of the further preferred embodiment may include a membrane that separates the third gas by permeating the third gas from the first gas.
- the gas treatment system of this aspect also enables separation of carbon dioxide by a membrane method regardless of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide contained in the gas to be treated.
- 1A, 1B, 1C... gas processing system 10, 20, 30... gas processing unit, 100, 100A, 100B, 100C, 200A, 200B, 300A, 300B... compressor, 110, 210, 310... separator, 110a... Membrane 40 Expander GA Gas to be treated G1 First permeable gas G2 First non-permeable gas G3 Second permeable gas G4 Second non-permeable gas G5 Third permeable gas G6... Third non-permeable gas.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本開示の一実施形態によるガス処理システム1Aの構成例を示す図である。ガス処理システム1Aは、二酸化炭素を含む処理対象ガスGAから二酸化炭素を分離するガス処理システムである。本実施形態の処理対象ガスGAは、石炭、石油又は天然ガス等の化石燃料を燃焼させることで発生する排ガスである。より詳細には、本実施形態における処理対象ガスGAは、火力発電所における火力発電により発生するガスから煤及び窒素酸化物及び硫黄酸化物を除去することにより得られる排ガスである。図1に示されるように、ガス処理システム1Aは、ガス処理ユニット10と、ガス処理ユニット20と、膨張器40と、を備える。図1に示されるように、ガス処理ユニット20は、ガス処理ユニット10に直列に接続される。
以上説明した実施形態は以下のように変形されてもよい。
(1)上記実施形態における処理対象ガスGAは、火力発電所から排出される排ガスであったが、ガソリンエンジン或いはディーゼルエンジン等の内燃機関を動力源とする車両の排ガス、又は内燃機関或いは外燃機関を動力源とする船舶の排ガスが、処理対象ガスGAであってもよい。なお、外燃機関の具体例としては、タービンとタービンを駆動するボイラとの組み合わせが挙げられる。また、処理対象ガスGAは、ごみ焼却炉において発生する排ガス等、化石燃料以外の物体を焼却することにより発生するガスであってもよく、また、天然ガスであってもよい。
本開示は、上述した実施形態及び変形例に限られるものではなく、その趣旨を逸脱しない範囲において種々の態様で実現することができる。例えば、本開示は、以下の態様によっても実現可能である。以下に記載した各態様中の技術的特徴に対応する上記実施形態中の技術的特徴は、本開示の課題の一部又は全部を解決するために、或いは本開示の効果の一部又は全部を達成するために、適宜、差し替えや、組み合わせを行うことが可能である。また、その技術的特徴が本明細書中に必須なものとして説明されていなければ、適宜、削除することが可能である。
Claims (5)
- 二酸化炭素を含む処理対象ガスから二酸化炭素を分離するガス処理システムであって、
前記処理対象ガスを加圧する1つ以上の第1圧縮器、及び前記1つ以上の第1圧縮器により加圧された前記処理対象ガスを、前記処理対象ガスよりも二酸化炭素の濃度が高い第1ガスと前記処理対象ガスよりも二酸化炭素の濃度が低い第2ガスとに分離する第1分離器、を含む第1ユニットと、
前記第1ガスを加圧する1つ以上の第2圧縮器、及び前記1つ以上の第2圧縮器により加圧された前記第1ガスを、前記第1ガスよりも二酸化炭素の濃度が高い第3ガスと前記第1ガスよりも二酸化炭素の濃度が低い第4ガスとに分離する第2分離器、を含む第2ユニットと、
前記第2ガス及び前記第4ガスから運動エネルギーを回収し、回収した運動エネルギーを、前記1つ以上の第1圧縮器及び前記1つ以上の第2圧縮器を含む複数の圧縮器のうちの少なくとも1つに伝達する膨張器と、
を備える、ガス処理システム。 - 前記膨張器により回収された運動エネルギーは、前記1つ以上の第1圧縮器の何れかに伝達される、ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のガス処理システム。
- 前記1つ以上の第1圧縮器は、直列に接続された複数の前記第1圧縮器であり、
前記膨張器は、複数の前記第1圧縮器のうち最も圧縮仕事量が大きい前記第1圧縮器に同軸に接続される、ことを特徴とする請求項2に記載のガス処理システム。 - 前記第1分離器は、前記第1ガスを透過させることにより、前記1つ以上の第1圧縮器により加圧された前記処理対象ガスから前記第1ガスを分離する膜を含む、請求項1乃至3のうちの何れか1項に記載のガス処理システム。
- 前記第2分離器は、前記第1ガスから前記第3ガスを透過させることにより前記第3ガスを分離する膜を含む、請求項1乃至4のうちの何れか1項に記載のガス処理システム。
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| US20080127632A1 (en) * | 2006-11-30 | 2008-06-05 | General Electric Company | Carbon dioxide capture systems and methods |
| JP2016155987A (ja) * | 2015-02-26 | 2016-09-01 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 天然ガスから二酸化炭素を分離するシステム及び方法 |
| JP2016187770A (ja) * | 2015-03-30 | 2016-11-04 | 宇部興産株式会社 | ガス分離システム及び富化ガスの製造方法 |
| US20170348638A1 (en) * | 2016-06-02 | 2017-12-07 | General Electric Company | System and method of reducing oxygen concentration in an exhaust gas stream |
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| JP5504675B2 (ja) | 2009-03-31 | 2014-05-28 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 膜分離及びハイドレートによる分離を用いたガス分離方法及びガス分離設備 |
| JP2012236123A (ja) * | 2011-05-10 | 2012-12-06 | Hitachi Zosen Corp | ゼオライト膜による排ガス中の二酸化炭素分離回収システム |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20080127632A1 (en) * | 2006-11-30 | 2008-06-05 | General Electric Company | Carbon dioxide capture systems and methods |
| JP2016155987A (ja) * | 2015-02-26 | 2016-09-01 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 天然ガスから二酸化炭素を分離するシステム及び方法 |
| JP2016187770A (ja) * | 2015-03-30 | 2016-11-04 | 宇部興産株式会社 | ガス分離システム及び富化ガスの製造方法 |
| US20170348638A1 (en) * | 2016-06-02 | 2017-12-07 | General Electric Company | System and method of reducing oxygen concentration in an exhaust gas stream |
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