WO2023006339A1 - Isolationswächter und verfahren zu dessen betrieb - Google Patents
Isolationswächter und verfahren zu dessen betrieb Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023006339A1 WO2023006339A1 PCT/EP2022/068325 EP2022068325W WO2023006339A1 WO 2023006339 A1 WO2023006339 A1 WO 2023006339A1 EP 2022068325 W EP2022068325 W EP 2022068325W WO 2023006339 A1 WO2023006339 A1 WO 2023006339A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- current
- insulation
- voltage
- potential
- potentials
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
- G01R31/14—Circuits therefor, e.g. for generating test voltages, sensing circuits
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
- B60L3/0069—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to the isolation, e.g. ground fault or leak current
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
- G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
- G01R27/025—Measuring very high resistances, e.g. isolation resistances, i.e. megohm-meters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/005—Testing of electric installations on transport means
- G01R31/006—Testing of electric installations on transport means on road vehicles, e.g. automobiles or trucks
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
- G01R31/52—Testing for short-circuits, leakage current or ground faults
Definitions
- the invention relates to an insulation monitor for a high-voltage vehicle electrical system of a motor vehicle according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for its operation according to the preamble of claim 5.
- DE 102019202892 A1 discloses a vehicle electrical system arrangement for a motor vehicle, the vehicle electrical system arrangement having a high-voltage energy store for providing a first high-voltage potential and a second high-voltage potential that is different from the first, so that a total voltage can be tapped between the first and the second high-voltage potential is. Furthermore, the vehicle electrical system arrangement has a first insulation resistance between the first high-voltage potential and a predetermined electrical ground and a second insulation resistance between the second high-voltage potential and the predetermined electrical ground and an insulation monitoring device that is designed to monitor the first and second insulation resistance .
- the HV (high-voltage) electrical system of a vehicle with an electric drive typically consists of at least one HV battery with battery contactors and HV consumers, for example a pulse-controlled inverter.
- the high-voltage vehicle electrical system is implemented as an IT (Isole Terre) network and is therefore completely electrically isolated from the vehicle ground.
- IT Isole Terre
- parasitic resistances in the cables, HV consumers, the battery and so on result in a high-impedance connection between the positive or negative high-voltage potential and the vehicle ground, the so-called insulation resistance, or the above-mentioned respective first and second insulation resistance. As long as this resistance has a high resistance, i.e. in the megaohm range, there is no danger.
- this insulation resistance is permanently monitored using an insulation monitoring device, also known as an insulation monitor. If a defined threshold value is not reached, a warning can be generated and, depending on the operating state, the HV vehicle electrical system can be disconnected from the battery via the battery contactors and a safe state can be established.
- an insulation monitoring device also known as an insulation monitor.
- a warning can be generated and, depending on the operating state, the HV vehicle electrical system can be disconnected from the battery via the battery contactors and a safe state can be established.
- capacitances in particular what are known as ground capacitances, which lie between the HV connections and the vehicle ground.
- the invention is based on the object of specifying an improved insulation monitor for a high-voltage vehicle electrical system of a motor vehicle and an improved method for its operation.
- an insulation monitor for a high-voltage vehicle electrical system of a motor vehicle including an HV battery and being galvanically isolated from a vehicle ground, with a positive potential of the HV battery and the vehicle ground and between a negative potential of the HV battery and the vehicle ground due to parasitic effects there is an insulation resistance in each case, with a Y capacitance being provided between the positive potential and the vehicle ground and between the negative potential and the vehicle ground, the insulation monitor having a current source or a voltage source for charge reversal of the Y capacitances , wherein the power source is connected between the vehicle ground and one of the potentials, wherein the insulation monitor further comprises a voltmeter for measuring at least one of the potentials.
- the current source or the voltage source is also configured to balance the potentials, with the insulation monitor being configured to apply a negative current when the potential measured by the voltmeter exceeds a predetermined upper value, and to apply a negative current when the potential measured by the voltmeter falls below a predetermined lower value Voltage meter measured potential using the power source to impress a positive current, which is limited to a maximum permissible touch current in the event of an insulation fault, and based on the voltage measured by the voltmeter and on the basis of the charge-reversal current fed in to conclude the size of the insulation resistances.
- the deviation of the HV potential distribution from a symmetrical HV potential distribution is very small.
- the energy content/charge stored in the Y-capacitors is always very close to an achievable minimum.
- a larger Y-capacity can be allowed in the HV system in order to still meet the legal requirements with regard to the stored energy/charge.
- a cheaper/better EMC filtering in the HV components is therefore possible.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of an insulation monitor for an on-board network of a motor vehicle
- FIG. 2 shows schematic diagrams for representing an output of a relay, a current impressed by a current source, and potentials over time.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an insulation monitor 1, in particular for an on-board network 2 of a motor vehicle, preferably a motor vehicle with an electric drive.
- the vehicle electrical system 2 is, for example, an HV (high-voltage) vehicle electrical system and typically includes at least one HV battery 3 and HV consumers, which are not shown here.
- the figure also shows an internal resistance Ra batt of the HV battery 3 .
- the vehicle electrical system 2 is electrically isolated from a vehicle ground PA. Between a positive potential H+ and vehicle ground PA and between a negative potential H ⁇ and vehicle ground PA, parasitic effects result in an insulation resistance Ri S0_p , Riso_N. For safety reasons, an insulation monitor 1 is provided, which monitors the insulation resistances Ri S0 _p, R ISO _N.
- Y capacitances CY_P, CY_N are also provided between the positive potential H+ and the vehicle ground PA and between the negative potential H ⁇ and the vehicle ground PA.
- the line resistances associated with CY_P, CY_N are not explicitly shown in the figure, these inevitably occur in real circuits, just as the internal resistance Ra batt of the HV battery 3 is also not intentionally installed separately.
- the high-voltage battery 3 can have a nominal voltage of 800 V, for example.
- the insulation monitor 1 includes a current source 4, for example a galvanically isolated current source for recharging the Y-capacitors CY_P, CY_N and for balancing the potentials H+ and H-.
- the current source 4 is between the vehicle ground PA and one of the potentials H+ or H ⁇ , in the present case the Potential H+, switched.
- the insulation monitor 1 also includes a voltmeter 5 for measuring one of the potentials H+ or H ⁇ , in the present case the potential H+.
- the insulation monitor 1 includes a control device that controls or regulates a charge-reversal current I to be impressed by the current source 4 depending on the value of the potential H+ measured by the voltmeter 5 .
- the control device is represented in the figure by a relay 6, an adder 7, two multipliers 8, 9 and three constant values 10, 11, 12, but it can also be designed in any other suitable manner.
- the insulation monitor 1 or its control device is configured in such a way that when the value of the potential H+ measured by the voltmeter 5 exceeds, for example, 440 V, a current I of, for example, -40mA is impressed by the current source 4, while when the value falls below the value measured by the voltmeter 5 measured potential H+ of, for example, 360 V from the current source 4, a current I of, for example, +40 mA is impressed.
- the insulation monitor 1 is configured in such a way that it can impress a current I up to a maximum current intensity, which in particular can go up to a range of +/-10 mA. In exceptional cases, however, the configuration of the insulation monitor 1 can impose even higher current intensities.
- FIG. 2 shows schematic diagrams for representing an output A of the relay 6, the current I impressed by the current source 4, the measured potential H+ and the potential H ⁇ over time t.
- a current I is applied using the current source 4 to first produce a distribution of the potentials H+, H ⁇ that is symmetrical with respect to the vehicle ground PA.
- the constant current I applied by the current source 4, at which the symmetrical potential distribution is maintained, is used for later calculation of the insulation resistances Ri S0 _p, determined. From this symmetrical distribution of the potentials H+, H-, by feeding in a further additive current I from the current source 4, a smaller charge reversal of the potentials H+, H- by a smaller positive and/or negative value around the symmetrical distribution takes place.
- the current I applied by the current source 4 is limited to a maximum permissible contact current in the event of an insulation fault.
- the insulation values i.e. the size of the Insulation resistances Ri S0 _p, R ISO _N are closed.
- the potential distribution changes with a defined voltage swing around the symmetrical potential distribution.
- the insulation monitor is thus configured to vary the distribution of the potentials (H+, H-) with a defined voltage swing around the symmetrical distribution, with the voltage swing for example being a high two-digit voltage and in particular being up to a range of +/-50V can. In exceptional cases, however, the configuration of the insulation monitor 1 can impose even higher voltage swings.
- the insulation monitor 1 can have a voltage source, for example a galvanically isolated voltage source, instead of a current source 4, and the size of the insulation resistances Ri S0 _p, determined by applying a voltage.
- a voltage source for example a galvanically isolated voltage source, instead of a current source 4, and the size of the insulation resistances Ri S0 _p, determined by applying a voltage.
- FIG. 2 shows simulation results for the case that the insulation resistance Ri S0 _p is 30 MOhm and and that the insulation resistance R SO _N is 10 MOhm.
- the insulation monitor 1 actively produces a symmetrical distribution of the potentials H+, H-. It can be seen that reducing the positive potential H+ requires a negative current I for a longer period of time than a positive current I for reducing the negative potential H-, which is caused by the unbalanced resistance distribution. Nevertheless, the insulation monitor 1 can determine the values of the insulation resistances Ri S0 _p, determine. Instead of information about the asymmetrical rest position, he now has information about the different duty cycle of the charge-reversal currents I.
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
- Measurement Of Resistance Or Impedance (AREA)
- Testing Of Short-Circuits, Discontinuities, Leakage, Or Incorrect Line Connections (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US18/292,401 US12422464B2 (en) | 2021-07-27 | 2022-07-01 | Insulation monitor and method for operating same |
| CN202280052253.6A CN117715782A (zh) | 2021-07-27 | 2022-07-01 | 绝缘监测器及其运行方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102021003843.6 | 2021-07-27 | ||
| DE102021003843.6A DE102021003843B4 (de) | 2021-07-27 | 2021-07-27 | Isolationswächter und Verfahren zu dessen Betrieb |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2023006339A1 true WO2023006339A1 (de) | 2023-02-02 |
Family
ID=77552859
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2022/068325 Ceased WO2023006339A1 (de) | 2021-07-27 | 2022-07-01 | Isolationswächter und verfahren zu dessen betrieb |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US12422464B2 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN117715782A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102021003843B4 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2023006339A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102022002626B3 (de) | 2022-07-18 | 2023-12-21 | Mercedes-Benz Group AG | Fahrzeug mit einem Hochvoltbordnetz und Verfahren zum Betrieb des Hochvoltbordnetzes |
| DE102024103702A1 (de) * | 2024-02-09 | 2025-08-14 | Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co Kg | Bordnetzanordnung für ein Luftfahrzeug und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Bordnetzanordnung für ein Luftfahrzeug |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7626396B2 (en) * | 2006-12-27 | 2009-12-01 | Caterpillar Inc. | Systems and methods for electrical leakage detection and compensation |
| DE102018004109A1 (de) * | 2018-05-22 | 2019-01-24 | Daimler Ag | Batterie zum reversiblen elektrochemischen Speichern von elektrischer Ladung |
| DE102018211625A1 (de) * | 2018-07-12 | 2020-01-16 | Audi Ag | Bordnetzanordnung für ein Kraftfahrzeug, Kraftfahrzeug und Verfahren zum Überwachen einer Bordnetzsymmetrie |
| DE102019202892A1 (de) | 2019-03-04 | 2020-09-10 | Audi Ag | Bordnetzanordnung, Kraftfahrzeug und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Bordnetzanordnung |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8964339B2 (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2015-02-24 | Yazaki North America, Inc. | Faulty protective earth ground circuit detection system and method |
| DE102017218586A1 (de) | 2017-10-18 | 2019-04-18 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Elektrische Schutz- und Überwachungseinrichtung in einem Elektrofahrzeug |
| EP3640076B1 (de) | 2018-10-18 | 2021-03-24 | Samsung SDI Co., Ltd. | Batteriesystem und elektrofahrzeug |
| DE102018221479A1 (de) * | 2018-12-12 | 2020-06-18 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Schaltungsanordnung zur Fehlererkennung in einem ungeerdeten Hochvoltsystem |
| DE102020102658A1 (de) | 2020-02-03 | 2021-08-05 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur Überwachung von y-Kapazitäten |
| DE102021003180A1 (de) | 2021-06-21 | 2021-08-19 | Daimler Ag | Elektrisches Bordnetz für ein elektrisch betreibbares Fahrzeug und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines elektrischen Bordnetzes |
-
2021
- 2021-07-27 DE DE102021003843.6A patent/DE102021003843B4/de active Active
-
2022
- 2022-07-01 US US18/292,401 patent/US12422464B2/en active Active
- 2022-07-01 WO PCT/EP2022/068325 patent/WO2023006339A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2022-07-01 CN CN202280052253.6A patent/CN117715782A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7626396B2 (en) * | 2006-12-27 | 2009-12-01 | Caterpillar Inc. | Systems and methods for electrical leakage detection and compensation |
| DE102018004109A1 (de) * | 2018-05-22 | 2019-01-24 | Daimler Ag | Batterie zum reversiblen elektrochemischen Speichern von elektrischer Ladung |
| DE102018211625A1 (de) * | 2018-07-12 | 2020-01-16 | Audi Ag | Bordnetzanordnung für ein Kraftfahrzeug, Kraftfahrzeug und Verfahren zum Überwachen einer Bordnetzsymmetrie |
| DE102019202892A1 (de) | 2019-03-04 | 2020-09-10 | Audi Ag | Bordnetzanordnung, Kraftfahrzeug und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Bordnetzanordnung |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102021003843B4 (de) | 2023-03-02 |
| CN117715782A (zh) | 2024-03-15 |
| US20240219445A1 (en) | 2024-07-04 |
| DE102021003843A1 (de) | 2021-09-23 |
| US12422464B2 (en) | 2025-09-23 |
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