WO2023005939A1 - 用于腰椎的微动结构以及辅助装置 - Google Patents

用于腰椎的微动结构以及辅助装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023005939A1
WO2023005939A1 PCT/CN2022/108019 CN2022108019W WO2023005939A1 WO 2023005939 A1 WO2023005939 A1 WO 2023005939A1 CN 2022108019 W CN2022108019 W CN 2022108019W WO 2023005939 A1 WO2023005939 A1 WO 2023005939A1
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Prior art keywords
joint part
accommodating cavity
head
micro
lumbar spine
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PCT/CN2022/108019
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王居勇
鲁世保
尹志臣
黄江
王馨瑶
孙祥耀
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首都医科大学宣武医院
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Application filed by 首都医科大学宣武医院 filed Critical 首都医科大学宣武医院
Publication of WO2023005939A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023005939A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/70—Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant

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  • the present disclosure relates to the field of lumbar micro-motion technology, and in particular to a lumbar micro-motion structure and an auxiliary device.
  • the fretting structure is an elastic internal fixation rod with a certain degree of mobility.
  • the fretting structure itself has fretting characteristics, which can promote lumbar spinal stenosis nerve decompression and intervertebral fusion, and consolidate the clinical efficacy.
  • the fretting structure does not have a rotation function, which cannot satisfy the range of motion of the segmental lumbar spine within a certain degree.
  • the technical problem to be solved in the present disclosure is to solve the problem that the existing fretting structure does not have a rotation function and cannot satisfy the range of motion of the segmental lumbar spine within a certain degree.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure provide a fretting structure and an auxiliary device for the lumbar spine.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a fretting structure for the lumbar spine, the fretting structure includes a first joint part and a second joint part;
  • One end of the second joint part has an accommodating cavity with an opening facing the first joint part, the accommodating cavity is adapted to one end of the first joint part, and one end of the first joint part passes through the accommodating cavity.
  • the opening enters into the accommodating cavity and can rotate in the accommodating cavity;
  • a limiting structure is provided at the opening, and the limiting structure is used to prevent one end of the first joint part from coming out of the accommodating cavity.
  • the limiting structure is a limiting ring provided on the inner wall of the opening, the inner diameter of the limiting ring is larger than the outer diameter of one end of the first joint member, so that One end of the first joint part is accommodated in the accommodating cavity after passing through the limiting ring.
  • the limiting structure includes a first arc-shaped piece and a second arc-shaped piece, the first arc-shaped piece and the second arc-shaped piece enclose to form the limiting ring .
  • the size of the limiting ring in a predetermined direction decreases gradually.
  • the first joint part and the second joint part are made of titanium alloy.
  • the first joint part there is a preset gap between one end of the first joint part and the accommodating cavity, so that the first joint part can be at a preset angle relative to the accommodating cavity.
  • Internal rotation; the range of the preset gap is 0.5mm-1.0mm.
  • the first joint member includes a first head and a first rod connected to the first head, the diameter of the first head is larger than that of the first rod The diameter of the first head is used to accommodate in the accommodating cavity.
  • the second joint member includes a second head and a second rod connected to the second head, and the second head is formed with the accommodating cavity.
  • a third head is formed at an end of the second rod away from the second head, and the outer diameter of the third head is larger than the outer diameter of the second rod , the third head is used to be accommodated in the accommodating cavity of another fretting structure.
  • the limiting structure includes a first limiting structure and a second limiting structure, and the first limiting structure and the second limiting structure are spliced into a closed-loop structure; the limiting structure
  • the cross-section of the bit structure is circular or elliptical.
  • the present disclosure provides an auxiliary device for the lumbar spine, comprising at least two pedicle screws and at least two of the aforementioned micro-movement structures for the lumbar spine, the two micro-motion structures are respectively arranged on the corresponding Both sides of two adjacent pedicle screws are used to connect two adjacent pedicle screws.
  • An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a micro-movement structure and an auxiliary device for the lumbar spine.
  • the micro-motion structure includes a first joint part and a second joint part; one end of the second joint part has an opening facing one end of the first joint part cavity, the accommodating cavity is adapted to one end of the first joint, so that one end of the first joint is accommodated in the accommodating cavity and can rotate in the accommodating cavity, thereby adapting to the range of motion of the segmental lumbar spine within a certain degree, In order to enable the lumbar spine to maintain mobility.
  • a limiting structure is provided at the opening of the accommodation cavity, that is, on the inner wall of the accommodation cavity, which is close to the first joint part.
  • the reliable rotation connection between the second joint parts can support the lumbar spine to maintain the stability of the lumbar spine, and the fretting structure of the present disclosure can also satisfy the activity function of the lumbar spine. .
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a fretting structure for the lumbar spine described in an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of another fretting structure for the lumbar spine according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a limiter of the micro-movement structure described in the embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of another limiter of the micro-motion structure according to the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the fretting structure includes a first joint part 1 and a second joint part 2; one end of the second joint part 2 has an opening facing the first joint part.
  • a limit structure 3 is provided on the inner wall of the accommodating cavity 21 close to the end of the first joint part 1, and the limit structure 3 is used to limit the first joint part 1 from sliding out of the accommodating cavity 21, thereby ensuring that the first joint part 1 and the The 5° range of motion in each direction and the reliable rotational connection between the second joint parts 2 can support the lumbar spine and satisfy the lumbar spine's activity function.
  • the fretting structure of the present disclosure is simple and firm to manufacture, and is not easy to be damaged, and can well enhance the stabilizing effect of the lumbar spine.
  • the limiting structure 3 is a limiting ring arranged on the inner wall of the opening, the inner diameter of the limiting ring is greater than the outer diameter of one end of the first joint part 1, so that the first joint part 1 One end is accommodated in the accommodating cavity 21 after passing through the limiting ring.
  • a through hole 33 is formed on the limiting structure 3, the inner diameter of the through hole 33 is larger than the outer diameter of one end of the first joint part 1, and one end of the first joint part 1 passes through the through hole.
  • the limiting structure 3 restricts the first joint part 1 from sliding out of the accommodating cavity 21 , thereby ensuring reliable rotation between the first joint part 1 and the second joint part 2 .
  • the specific size difference between the through hole 33 and one end of the first joint member 1 ie, the first head referred to below) is set according to actual needs.
  • the limiting structure 3 can be fixed on the inner wall of the accommodating cavity 21, for example, clamped or glued or fixed by fasteners, or the limiting structure 3 can be connected with the same nut as the end cap of the pedicle screw.
  • the outer peripheral wall of the nut is provided with threads, so as to be threadedly connected with the inner wall of the accommodating cavity 21, so as to limit the sliding of the first joint member 1 out of the accommodating cavity 21, and it can also be clamped on the inner wall of the accommodating cavity 21 Between the inner wall of the accommodating cavity 21 and the first joint member 1 .
  • the limiting structure 3 can be a complete integrally formed circular ring or oval ring, suitable for two cones operation, that is, the case of an interdisc unit, this limiting structure 3 is often used clinically; in another embodiment, as shown in Figure 3, the limiting structure 3 includes a first arc-shaped member 31 and a second Two arc-shaped parts 32, the first arc-shaped part 31 and the second arc-shaped part 32 are combined to form a circular or oval limiting structure 3, which is suitable for multiple cone operations, that is, between two or more cones.
  • the position-limiting structure 3 composed of the first arc-shaped piece 31 and the second arc-shaped piece 32 is used.
  • the specific position-limiting structure 3 can be made of materials with cushioning properties, such as titanium alloy, silica gel or rubber.
  • the size of the limit ring in the preset direction gradually
  • the preset direction here is the x direction as shown in FIG. 1 , so that the first joint member 1 can easily extend into the accommodating cavity 21 through the limiting ring.
  • the gap can be between 0.5mm-1mm, such as 0.5mm, or 1mm.
  • the specific value of the gap between one end of the first joint part 1 and the accommodating cavity 21 depends on actually need to be set.
  • the first joint part 1 and the second joint part 2 are made of titanium alloy, so that the first joint part 1 and the second joint part 2 have certain rigidity and are not easy to be damaged.
  • the specific material of the first joint part 1 and the second joint part 2 can also be made of other alloys or metals according to actual needs.
  • first joint part 1 and the second joint part 2 simulates the joint structure of the human body to form a "joint" micro-movement structure, which can adapt to the human lumbar spine to stabilize the lumbar spine and maintain the lumbar spine. activity performance.
  • one end of the second joint part 2 has an accommodating cavity 21 adapted to one end of the first joint part 1, and the accommodating The cavity 21 forms the joint fossa.
  • the joint head of the first joint part 1 is accommodated in the accommodation cavity 21 and can rotate in the accommodation cavity 21, so as to change the angle between the first joint part 1 and the second joint part 2, or The relative rotation function between the first joint part 1 and the second joint part 2 is realized.
  • the first joint 1 includes a first head 11 and a first rod 12 connected to the first head 11, the first head 11 and the first rod 12 can be manufactured separately Splicing together can also be integrally formed; the diameter of the first head 11 is larger than the diameter of the first rod 12, and the first head 11 is used to be accommodated in the accommodating cavity 21, so that the first joint member 1 passes through the first head
  • the movable cooperation between the part 11 and the accommodating cavity 21 realizes the relative rotation between the first joint part 1 and the second joint part 2 .
  • the specific difference between the diameters of the first head portion 11 and the first rod portion 12 is set according to actual needs.
  • the first head 11 is elliptical or spherical, and it is spherical when viewed from the side, and the elliptical first head 11 can better limit fretting From the angle of the structure, the metal stress point of the first head 11 is likely to be generated at a position with a larger diameter, so as to reduce metal fatigue.
  • the inner cavity of the accommodating cavity 21 can be a spherical cavity cooperating with the spherical first head 11, or an ellipse cooperating with the oval first head 11.
  • the first head 11 and the accommodating The chamber shape or profile of the cavity 21 may not be limited to the above-mentioned example of the present embodiment.
  • the second joint member 2 includes a second head portion 22 and a second rod portion 23 connected to the second head portion 22 , and the second head portion 22 forms an accommodating cavity 21 .
  • the second head portion 22 and the second rod portion 23 can be spliced together after being made respectively and can also be integrally formed;
  • the specific difference between the diameters of the second head portion 22 and the second rod portion 23 is set according to actual needs.
  • the micro-movement structure is formed as a "articulated" micro-motion structure, and the micro-motion structure imitates the movement inside the body.
  • Joint structure the diameter of the first rod part 11 is initially designed to be 5.5 mm, and the diameter of the second head part 22 is 13 mm.
  • a gap is formed between the first head part 11 and the accommodating cavity 21, so that the first joint part 1 can be placed in the accommodating cavity. Rotate along any direction in the cavity 21, so that the fretting structure has the function of rotation.
  • the first head 11 can adopt an elliptical structure or a spherical structure, and the gap between the first head 11 and the inner wall of the accommodating cavity 21 can be between 0.5mm-1.0mm, so as to reach the first joint
  • the angle of movement of the component 1 in each direction is 5°, and the sum of the flexion and extension angles in each direction reaches 10°, and the first joint component 1 can achieve a 360° rotation function.
  • the end of the second rod portion 23 away from the second head portion 22 is formed with a third head portion 24, the outer diameter of the third head portion 23 is greater than the outer diameter of the second rod portion 23, the third head portion 24 It is used to be accommodated in the accommodating cavity 21 of another micro-movement structure.
  • the limiting structure 3 used can be as shown in Figure 3
  • the position-limiting structure 3 is composed of the first arc-shaped piece 31 and the second arc-shaped piece 32 shown.
  • the end of the second rod 23 away from the first head 11, that is, the right end of the second rod 23 shown in FIG. 11 have the same specifications, so that the second rod part 23 is arranged in the accommodation cavity 21 of another micro-motion structure through the third head part 24, so as to realize sequential series connection between multiple micro-motion structures.
  • the present disclosure provides an auxiliary device for the lumbar spine, including at least two pedicle screws and at least two above-mentioned fretting structures for the lumbar spine, the two fretting structures are respectively It is arranged between two adjacent pedicle screws and is used for connecting two adjacent pedicle screws.
  • the above-mentioned "joint type" micro-movement structure is fixed on the pedicle screws on both sides, which can make this joint
  • the lumbar spine can still maintain a certain degree of mobility, and at the same time assist in strengthening the stability of the lumbar spine.
  • the bionic "joint" micro-motion structure has the following advantages: simple operation, greatly shortened operation time, and truly minimally invasive lumbar surgery; Sufficient decompression, less loss of lumbar range of motion, and postoperative stability of the lumbar spine; fast postoperative recovery and fewer postoperative complications.
  • the micro-motion structure includes a first joint part and a second joint part; one end of the second joint part has an accommodating cavity opening toward one end of the first joint part, and the accommodating The placement cavity is adapted to one end of the first joint, so that one end of the first joint is accommodated in the accommodation cavity and can rotate in the accommodation cavity, thereby adapting to the range of motion of the segmental lumbar spine within a certain degree, so that the lumbar spine Ability to maintain active functionality.
  • a limiting structure is provided at the opening of the accommodation cavity, that is, on the inner wall of the accommodation cavity, which is close to the first joint part.

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Abstract

一种用于腰椎的微动结构及辅助装置，其中微动结构包括第一关节件（1）和第二关节件（2）；第二关节件（2）的一端具有开口朝向第一关节件（1）的一端的容置腔（21）,容置腔（21）与第一关节件（1）的一端适配，使得第一关节件（1）的一端容纳于容置腔（21）内且可在容置腔（21）内旋转，从而适应节段腰椎在一定程度内的活动度，以使得腰椎能够保持活动功能。此外，开口处即容置腔（21）的内壁上靠近第一关节件（1）的一端设置有限位结构（3）,限位结构（3）用于限制第一关节件（1）滑出容置腔（21）,从而确保第一关节件（1）和第二关节件（2）之间的可靠旋转连接，以使得微动结构对腰椎起到支撑固定从而维持腰椎稳定性，并且满足腰椎在一定程度内的活动功能。

Description

用于腰椎的微动结构以及辅助装置 技术领域
本公开涉及腰椎微动技术领域，尤其涉及一种用于腰椎的微动结构以及辅助装置。
背景技术
微动结构是一种带有一定活动度的弹性内固定棒，微动结构本身具有微动特性，可以促进腰椎管狭窄神经减压椎间融合，巩固临床疗效。
相关技术中，微动结构并不具有旋转功能，无法满足节段腰椎在一定程度内的活动度。
发明内容
(一)要解决的技术问题
本公开要解决的技术问题是解决现有的微动结构并不具有旋转功能，无法满足节段腰椎在一定程度内的活动度的问题。
(二)技术方案
为了解决上述技术问题，本公开实施例提供了一种用于腰椎的微动结构以及辅助装置。
一方面，本公开实施例提供一种用于腰椎的微动结构，所述微动结构包括第一关节件和第二关节件；
所述第二关节件的一端具有开口朝向所述第一关节件的容置腔，所述容置腔与所述第一关节件的一端相适配，所述第一关节件的一端经所述开口进入至所述容置腔内且可在所述容置腔内旋转；
所述开口处设置有限位结构，所述限位结构用于防止所述第一关节件的一端从所述容置腔中脱出。
根据本公开的一种实施例，所述限位结构为设置在所述开口的内壁上的限位圈，所述限位圈的内径大于所述第一关节件的一端的外径， 以使得所述第一关节件的一端穿过所述限位圈后容纳于所述容置腔内。
根据本公开的一种实施例，所述限位结构包括第一弧形件和第二弧形件，所述第一弧形件和所述第二弧形件围合形成所述限位圈。
根据本公开的一种实施例，在沿所述限位圈的外缘至所述限位圈的内缘的方向上，所述限位圈在预设方向的尺寸逐渐减小。
根据本公开的一种实施例，所述第一关节件和第二关节件采用钛合金制成。
根据本公开的一种实施例，所述第一关节件的一端与所述容置腔之间具有预设间隙，以使得所述第一关节件可相对于所述容置腔在预设角度内转动；所述预设间隙的范围为0.5mm-1.0mm。
根据本公开的一种实施例，所述第一关节件包括第一头部和与所述第一头部相连的第一杆部，所述第一头部的直径大于所述第一杆部的直径，所述第一头部用于容纳于所述容置腔内。
根据本公开的一种实施例，所述第二关节件包括第二头部以及与所述第二头部相连的第二杆部，所述第二头部形成有所述容置腔。
根据本公开的一种实施例，所述第二杆部远离所述第二头部的一端形成有第三头部，所述第三头部的外径大于所述第二杆部的外径，所述第三头部用于容纳在另一个所述微动结构的所述容置腔内。
根据本公开的一种实施例，所述限位结构包括第一限位结构和第二限位结构，所述第一限位结构与所述第二限位结构拼接成闭环结构；所述限位结构的横截面呈圆形或者椭圆形。
另一方面，本公开提供了一种用于腰椎的辅助装置，包括至少两个椎弓根钉以及至少两个上述的用于腰椎的微动结构，两个所述微动结构分别设于相邻的两个椎弓根钉的两侧用于连接相邻的两个所述椎弓根钉。
(三)有益效果
本公开实施例提供的上述技术方案与现有技术相比具有如下优点：
本公开实施例提供一种用于腰椎的微动结构及辅助装置，微动结 构包括第一关节件和第二关节件；第二关节件的一端具有开口朝向第一关节件的一端的容置腔，容置腔与第一关节件的一端适配，使得第一关节件的一端容纳于容置腔内且可在容置腔内旋转，从而适应节段腰椎在一定程度内的活动度，以使得腰椎能够保持活动功能。此外，容置腔的开口处即容置腔的内壁上靠近第一关节件的一端设置有限位结构，限位结构用于限制第一关节件滑出容置腔，从而确保第一关节件和第二关节件之间的可靠旋转连接，以对腰椎起到支撑作用以维持腰椎稳定性，且本公开的微动结构还可以满足腰椎的活动功能。。
应当理解的是，以上的一般描述和后文的细节描述仅是示例性和解释性的，并不能限制本公开。
附图说明
此处的附图被并入说明书中并构成本说明书的一部分，示出了符合本公开的实施例，并与说明书一起用于解释本公开的原理。
为了更清楚地说明本公开实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，对于本领域普通技术人员而言，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本公开实施例所述一种用于腰椎的微动结构的结构示意图；
图2为本公开实施例所述另一种用于腰椎的微动结构的结构示意图；
图3为本公开实施例所述微动结构的一种限位件的结构示意图；
图4为本公开实施例所述微动结构的另一种限位件的结构示意图。
其中，1、第一关节件；11、第一头部；12、第一杆部；2、第二关节件；21、容置腔；22、第二头部；23、第二杆部；24、第三头部；3、限位结构；31、第一弧形件；32、第二弧形件；33、通孔。
具体实施方式
为使本公开实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将对本公开实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本公开的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本公开 中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本公开保护的范围。
如图1、图2所示，本公开提供了一种用于腰椎的微动结构，微动结构包括第一关节件1和第二关节件2；第二关节件2的一端具有开口朝向第一关节件1的一端的容置腔21，容置腔21与第一关节件1的一端适配，使得第一关节件1的一端容纳于容置腔21内且可在容置腔21内旋转，从而适应节段腰椎在一定程度内的活动度，从而保持腰椎的活动功能。此外，容置腔21的内壁上靠近第一关节件1的一端设置有限位结构3，限位结构3用于限制第一关节件1滑出容置腔21，从而确保第一关节件1和第二关节件2之间的各个方向5°活动度和可靠旋转连接，以对腰椎起到支撑的功能且满足腰椎的活动功能。并且从设计上，本公开的微动结构制作简单坚固，且不易损坏，能够很好的强化腰椎稳定作用。
如图1、图2所示，限位结构3为设置在开口的内壁上的限位圈，限位圈的内径大于第一关节件1的一端的外径，以使得第一关节件1的一端穿过限位圈后容纳于容置腔21内。
具体的，如图1、图3所示，限位结构3上形成有通孔33，通孔33的内径大于第一关节件1的一端的外径，第一关节件1的一端穿过通孔33后容纳于容置腔21内时，限位结构3限制第一关节件1滑出容置腔21，从而确保第一关节件1和第二关节件2之间的可靠旋转。具体的通孔33与第一关节件1的一端(即下文所指的第一头部)的尺寸差值根据实际需要设定。
另外，限位结构3可以固定在容置腔21的内壁上，比如卡设或者胶粘或者通过紧固件固定，或者限位结构3可以采用与椎弓根钉的尾帽相同的螺帽连接在容置腔21的内壁上，螺帽的外周壁设置有螺纹，从而与容置腔21的内壁之间螺纹连接，以限制第一关节件1滑出容置腔21，也可以夹设在容置腔21的内壁与第一关节件1之间。
如图1、图2、图3所示，一种实施例中，如图4所示，限位结构3可以为一个完整的一体成型的圆形圈或者椭圆形圈，适用于两个锥体的手术，即一个间盘单位的情况，这种限位结构3在临床种使用较多； 另一种实施例中，如图3所示，限位结构3包括第一弧形件31和第二弧形件32，第一弧形件31与第二弧形件32之间拼合呈圆形或者椭圆形的限位结构3，适用于多个锥体手术所用，即两个或以上的间盘单位的情况下使用第一弧形件31和第二弧形件32拼合而成的限位结构3。具体的限位结构3可以采用具有缓冲性能的材料制成，比如钛合金、硅胶或者橡胶等。
如图1、图2所示，在沿限位圈的外缘至限位圈的内缘的方向上，即沿着如图1所示的y方向，限位圈在预设方向的尺寸逐渐减小，此处的预设方向即为如图1所示的x方向，使得第一关节件1易于穿过限位圈伸入至容置腔21内。
另外，为了保障第一关节件1与容置腔21之间的旋转，第一关节件1的一端与容置腔21之间具有间隙，以使得第一关节件1可相对于第二关节件2在预设角度内转动，具体的该间隙可以为0.5mm-1mm之间，比如0.5mm，或者1mm，具体的第一关节件1的一端与容置腔21之间的间隙的具体值根据实际需要设定。
根据本公开的一种实施例，第一关节件1和第二关节件2采用钛合金制成，使得第一关节件1和第二关节件2具有一定的刚度不易破损。具体的第一关节件1和第二关节件2的材质也可以根据实际需要采用其他合金或者金属制成。
另外，第一关节件1和第二关节件2之间相对旋转连接，其模拟人体关节结构，形成“关节式”微动结构，从而能够适应人体腰椎，以对腰椎进行稳定以外还可以保持腰椎的活动性能。
具体的，对于第一关节件1和第二关节件2的可旋转连接，具体为：第二关节件2的一端具有与第一关节件1的一端适配的容置腔21，该容置腔21即形成关节窝，第一关节件1的关节头容纳于容置腔21内且可在容置腔21内旋转，既改变第一关节件1与第二关节件2的角度，也可以实现第一关节件1和第二关节件2之间的相对旋转功能。
如图1、图2所示，第一关节件1包括第一头部11和与第一头部11相连的第一杆部12，第一头部11与第一杆部12可以分别制作后拼接在一起也可以一体成型；第一头部11的直径大于第一杆部12的直 径，第一头部11用于容纳于容置腔21内，以使得第一关节件1通过第一头部11与容置腔21的活动配合实现第一关节件1和第二关节件2之间的相对旋转。具体的第一头部11与第一杆部12的直径的差值根据实际需要设定。
本实施例中，从如图1所示的主视图的视角看，第一头部11呈椭圆形或者球形，从侧面看为球形，椭圆形的第一头部11可以更好地限制微动结构的角度，第一头部11的金属着力点容易产生在直径较大的位置处，以降低金属疲劳。此时容置腔21的内腔可以呈与球形的第一头部11配合的球形腔，或者呈与椭圆形的第一头部11配合的椭圆形，具体的第一头部11和容置腔21的腔室形状或轮廓可以不限于本实施例的上述示例。
如图1、图2所示，第二关节件2包括第二头部22以及与第二头部22相连的第二杆部23，第二头部22形成有容置腔21。第二头部22与第二杆部23可以分别制作后拼接在一起也可以一体成型；第二头部22的直径大于第二杆部23的直径，第二头部22用于形成容纳第一头部11的容置腔21，以使得第一头部11与容置腔21的活动配合实现第一关节件1和第二关节件2之间的相对旋转和各个方向大约5°的活动度。具体的第二头部22与第二杆部23的直径的差值根据实际需要设定。
本实施例中，通过设置第一关节件1在第二关节件2的容置腔21内旋转，使得该微动结构形成为“关节式”的微动结构，且该微动结构模仿机体内关节结构，第一杆部11的直径初步设计5.5mm，第二头部22的直径13mm，同样的第一头部11与容置腔21之间形成间隙，以便于第一关节件1在容置腔21内沿着任意方向实现旋转，使得微动结构具有旋转功能。具体的，第一头部11可以采用椭圆形结构或者圆球结构，第一头部11与容置腔21的内壁之间的间隙可以介于0.5mm-1.0mm之间，以达到第一关节件1沿各方向活动的角度为5°，各方向屈伸角度和达到10°，并且该第一关节件1能达到360°旋转功能。
如图2所示，第二杆部23远离第二头部22的一端形成有第三头 部24，第三头部23的外径大于第二杆部23的外径，第三头部24用于容纳在另一个微动结构的容置腔21内。
具体的，如果腰椎有两个或多个节段狭窄，可以使得多个微动结构之间拼接或者串联以适应腰椎的多个节段，此时所用的限位结构3可以为如图3所示的第一弧形件31和第二弧形件32拼合而成的限位结构3。示例性的，第二杆部23远离第一头部11的一端，即如图2所示的第二杆部23的右端设置有第三头部24，第三头部24与第一头部11的规格一致，使得第二杆部23通过第三头部24设于另一个微动结构的容置腔21内，以此实现多个微动结构之间的依次串联。
参照图1、图2所示，本公开提供了一种用于腰椎的辅助装置，包括至少两个椎弓根钉以及至少两个上述的用于腰椎的微动结构，两个微动结构分别设于相邻的两个椎弓根钉之间用于连接相邻的两个椎弓根钉。在具体的腰椎手术时，对患者的腰椎处植入2个椎弓根钉进行神经减压后，将上述“关节式”微动结构固定于两侧的椎弓根钉上，可以使得这个节段腰椎仍能保持一定程度活动度，同时辅助加强腰椎稳定性。
对于基础疾病较多的中老年人腰椎疾患，采用仿生的“关节式”微动结构，有以下几项优点：手术操作简单化、极大缩短手术时间、真正做到腰椎手术微创化；神经减压充分、腰椎活动度丢失少、同时也保证了腰椎术后稳定性；术后康复快和术后并发症少。
需要说明的是，在本文中，诸如“第一”和“第二”等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。
以上所述仅是本公开的具体实施方式，使本领域技术人员能够理解或实现本公开。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本公开的精神或范围的情况下，在其它实施例中实现。因此，本公开将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。
工业实用性
本公开提供的用于腰椎的微动结构及辅助装置，微动结构包括第一关节件和第二关节件；第二关节件的一端具有开口朝向第一关节件的一端的容置腔，容置腔与第一关节件的一端适配，使得第一关节件的一端容纳于容置腔内且可在容置腔内旋转，从而适应节段腰椎在一定程度内的活动度，以使得腰椎能够保持活动功能。此外，容置腔的开口处即容置腔的内壁上靠近第一关节件的一端设置有限位结构，限位结构用于限制第一关节件滑出容置腔，从而确保第一关节件和第二关节件之间的可靠旋转连接，以对腰椎起到支撑作用以维持腰椎稳定性，且本公开的微动结构还可以满足腰椎的活动功能，具有很强的工业实用性。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种用于腰椎的微动结构，其特征在于，所述微动结构包括第一关节件(1)和第二关节件(2)；
    所述第二关节件(2)的一端具有开口朝向所述第一关节件(1)的容置腔(21)，所述容置腔(21)与所述第一关节件(1)的一端相适配，所述第一关节件(1)的一端经所述开口进入至所述容置腔(21)内且可在所述容置腔(21)内旋转；
    所述开口处设置有限位结构(3)，所述限位结构(3)用于防止所述第一关节件(1)的一端从所述容置腔(21)中脱出。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的用于腰椎的微动结构，其特征在于，所述限位结构(3)为设置在所述开口的内壁上的限位圈，所述限位圈的内径大于所述第一关节件(1)的一端的外径，以使得所述第一关节件(1)的一端穿过所述限位圈后容纳于所述容置腔(21)内。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的用于腰椎的微动结构，其特征在于，所述限位结构(3)包括第一弧形件(31)和第二弧形件(32)，所述第一弧形件(31)和所述第二弧形件(32)围合形成所述限位圈。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的用于腰椎的微动结构，其特征在于，在沿所述限位圈的外缘至所述限位圈的内缘的方向上，所述限位圈在预设方向的尺寸逐渐减小。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4任一项所述的用于腰椎的微动结构，其特征在于，所述第一关节件(1)和第二关节件(2)采用钛合金制成。
  6. 根据权利要求1至4任一项所述的用于腰椎的微动结构，其特征在于，所述第一关节件(1)的一端与所述容置腔(21)之间具有预设间隙，以使得所述第一关节件(1)可相对于所述容置腔(21)在预设角度内转动；所述预设间隙的范围为0.5mm-1.0mm。
  7. 根据权利要求1至4任一项所述的用于腰椎的微动结构，其特征在于，所述第一关节件(1)包括第一头部(11)和与所述第一头部(11)相连的第一杆部(12)，所述第一头部(11)的直径大于所述第一杆部(12)的直径，所述第一头部(11)用于容纳于所述容置腔(21) 内。
  8. 根据权利要求1至4任一项所述的用于腰椎的微动结构，其特征在于，所述第二关节件(2)包括第二头部(22)以及与所述第二头部(22)相连的第二杆部(23)，所述第二头部(22)内形成有所述容置腔(21)。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的用于腰椎的微动结构，其特征在于，所述第二杆部(23)远离所述第二头部(22)的一端形成有第三头部(24)，所述第三头部(24)的外径大于所述第二杆部(23)的外径，所述第三头部(24)用于容纳在另一个所述微动结构的所述容置腔(21)内。
  10. 一种用于腰椎的辅助装置，其特征在于，包括至少两个椎弓根钉以及至少两个如权利要求1至9任一项所述的用于腰椎的微动结构，两个所述微动结构分别设于相邻的两个椎弓根钉之间用于连接相邻的两个所述椎弓根钉。
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