WO2023005473A1 - 一种砂型冷冻打印层间预冷装置 - Google Patents

一种砂型冷冻打印层间预冷装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023005473A1
WO2023005473A1 PCT/CN2022/098841 CN2022098841W WO2023005473A1 WO 2023005473 A1 WO2023005473 A1 WO 2023005473A1 CN 2022098841 W CN2022098841 W CN 2022098841W WO 2023005473 A1 WO2023005473 A1 WO 2023005473A1
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Prior art keywords
sand
laying
openable
interlayer
baffle
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PCT/CN2022/098841
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
单忠德
杨浩秦
施建培
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南京航空航天大学
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Application filed by 南京航空航天大学 filed Critical 南京航空航天大学
Priority to CA3221875A priority Critical patent/CA3221875C/en
Priority to JP2023532248A priority patent/JP7461094B2/ja
Priority to EP22797247.8A priority patent/EP4147805B1/en
Priority to US17/918,347 priority patent/US11660662B2/en
Priority to KR1020237028953A priority patent/KR102603820B1/ko
Priority to AU2022319215A priority patent/AU2022319215A1/en
Publication of WO2023005473A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023005473A1/zh
Priority to ZA2023/10807A priority patent/ZA202310807B/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C1/00—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
    • B22C1/16—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents
    • B22C1/18—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents of inorganic agents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C13/00—Moulding machines for making moulds or cores of particular shapes
    • B22C13/02—Moulding machines for making moulds or cores of particular shapes equipped with templates, e.g. for sweeping operation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/12—Treating moulds or cores, e.g. drying, hardening
    • B22C9/126—Hardening by freezing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B28B1/001—Rapid manufacturing of 3D objects by additive depositing, agglomerating or laminating of material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of 3D printing and manufacturing capable of realizing frozen sand molds with high dimensional accuracy, and relates to a sand mold frozen printing interlayer precooling device.
  • Sand mold 3D printing technology is a rapid prototyping technology mainly based on the principle of droplet jetting.
  • Frozen sand 3D printing uses a water-based solution as a binder for sand casting, and freezes the premixed sand layer by layer into a solid in a low-temperature environment to maintain its shape, unlike other 3D printing technologies that print materials at room temperature or by heating.
  • the frozen sand mold will collapse naturally under the impact of high-temperature melt, and no strong irritating gas will be generated during the pouring process.
  • the method does not use resin, and the main component of the binder is water, which has the effect of environmental protection and conforms to the concept of modern green manufacturing.
  • the current sand mold freezing printing device includes a vacuum feeding device (1), a sand mixing device (2), a sand spreading device (3), an array nozzle (4), a negative pressure low temperature forming chamber (5), Wherein the vacuum feeding device (1) is located above the sand spreading device (3) and is connected to the feed port of the sand mixing device (2), and the sand spreading device (3) is located at the bottom of the negative pressure low temperature forming chamber (5) Above; the three-dimensional motion system (7) is located above the negative pressure low-temperature forming chamber (5); the array nozzle (4) is slidably arranged on the three-dimensional motion system (7) through the first servo motor, which can be realized in three free The array nozzle (4) is used to spray pure water on demand to solidify the sand mold; the sand spreading device (3)
  • the pre-mixed sand temperature is controlled within the range of -40°C to -10°C by using ordinary sand-laying rollers or scraping plates in traditional sand-laying devices, which will affect the forming accuracy of nozzle printing.
  • the low-temperature molding sand premixed with dry ice or liquid nitrogen also has problems of poor flatness and uneven density during the sanding process, which affects the shape and dimension accuracy of the frozen mold and the basic performance of the casting.
  • the present invention discloses an interlayer precooling device for frozen sand printing.
  • the device mainly solves the problems of poor flatness, uneven density and interlayer precooling of low-temperature premixed sand during sand laying.
  • An interlayer precooling device for sand mold freezing and printing including a sanding device, wherein the sanding device is located above the negative pressure low-temperature forming chamber, wherein the sanding device includes several independent sanding tanks, hollow sanding rollers, cooling Chamber, sand scraping plate and openable and closable baffle; each said sanding tank outlet is rotated with an openable and closable baffle, which is used for laying low-temperature pre-mixed sand on demand.
  • the further improvement of the present invention lies in: wherein the openable and closable baffle is located under the sanding tank, and under the control of the control system, the openable and closable baffle is opened and closed to lay sand on demand; the sand scraping plate is arranged on the openable and closable baffle Next to it, it is used to scrape the molding sand laid out from the sand-laying tank once; the inner cavity of the hollow sand-laying roller is hollow, and the sand-scraping plate is connected and fixed with the cooling chamber, and the hollow sand-laying roller is located at the One end is connected and fixed to the scraping plate through a connecting rod; it is used for secondary scraping and pressure compaction of molding sand.
  • the further improvement of the present invention lies in that: one end of the openable and closable baffle is connected and fixed to the sand laying tank through a return spring.
  • the further improvement of the present invention is that dry ice or liquid nitrogen can be passed into the hollow sand-laying roller, and the surface temperature of the sand-laying roller is controlled at -40°C to -10°C.
  • the further improvement of the present invention lies in that dry ice or liquid nitrogen can be introduced into the inner cavity of the cooling chamber.
  • the further improvement of the present invention is that: the openable and closable baffle satisfies the smooth flow of premixed molding sand from the sand outlet, the inclination angle of the openable and closable baffle is 60°, and the width of the sand outlet is 6mm.
  • the further improvement of the present invention lies in that: the openable and closable baffle is connected with the screw driving motor through the rotating pin shaft; or the opening and closing angle is controlled by the rotating pin shaft and the rotating cylinder to lay sand on demand.
  • the further improvement of the present invention lies in that a vibrating motor is installed in the sand laying device to prevent deformation and bonding of the premixed molding sand.
  • the pre-mixed molding sand is paved at low temperature through the hollow sand-laying roller with built-in refrigerant, the cooling chamber and the sand-scraping plate, so as to achieve the inter-layer pre-cooling effect of temperature control during the sand-laying process, and improve the printing nozzle. Forming accuracy, further improving the shape and dimension accuracy of frozen casting molds and the basic performance of castings.
  • the sand molding process is in a negative pressure and low temperature environment, and the compactness of the molding sand is improved, which reduces the influence of external environmental pressure and temperature on the printing process.
  • Fig. 2 the perspective view of sand spreading device
  • 1-Vacuum feeding device 2-Sand mixing device, 3-Sand paving device, 4-Array nozzle, 5-Negative pressure low temperature forming room, 6-Elevating table, 7-3D motion system, 8-Hollow sand paving Roller, 9-cooling chamber, 10-sand scraper, 11-sanding groove, 12-openable and closed baffle.
  • the vacuum feeding device 1 is located above the sand spreading device 3, and is connected with the sand mixing device 2 to transfer the raw sand from the sand storage
  • the tank is sent to the sand mixing device.
  • the sand-laying device 3 is located on the three-dimensional motion system 7, and includes a plurality of independently openable and closed sand-laying tanks 11 and openable and closed baffles 12 for laying low-temperature premixed sand on demand.
  • the negative-pressure low-temperature forming chamber 5 is used to keep the molding sand in a negative-pressure and low-temperature environment during the sand-laying process.
  • the negative-pressure environment increases the compactness of the molding sand, which is beneficial to the strength of the final mold.
  • the low temperature environment can eliminate the interference of the external environment temperature and help the freezing of the pure water binder.
  • the sand laying device 3 includes: a hollow sand laying roller 8 , a cooling chamber 9 , a sand scraper 10 , a sand laying tank 11 and an openable and closable baffle 12 .
  • Sand spreading device 3 adopts ball screw and drive motor control.
  • the ball screw pair transmission equipment has precise positioning and high transmission efficiency.
  • the driving motor can drive the sand paving device to run along the Y direction, and the vibrating motor inside the sand paving device 3 prevents deformation and bonding of the premixed molding sand.
  • the openable and closable baffle plate 12 is located below the sand-spraying tank 11, and is connected with the screw drive motor or the rotary cylinder through the rotating pin shaft, so as to control the opening and closing angle and lay sand on demand.
  • the sand scraper 10 is next to the openable and closable baffle 12, and is used to scrape the molding sand released by the openable and closable baffle once.
  • the hollow sand laying roller 6 is connected with the sand scraping plate 8 through the cooling chamber 9, and is used for secondary scraping and pressure compaction of the molding sand.
  • the opening and closing baffle plate 12 has an inclination angle of 60° and a sand outlet width of 6mm, so that the outflow of molding sand presents an overall flow state, and the flow is even and stable, preventing arching.
  • the above-mentioned hollow sand-laying roller is hollow, and a certain amount of dry ice or liquid nitrogen is connected to the cooling chamber, and the surface temperature of the sand-laying roller and the scraping plate is controlled at -40°C to -10°C.
  • the cavity wall of the cooling chamber 9 is connected with the hollow sand-laying roller 8 and the sand-scraping plate 10, and the dry ice or liquid nitrogen inside the chamber reduces the surface temperature of the sand-laying roller and the sand-scraping plate outer wall, and further progresses in the process of sand-scraping and compaction.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种砂型冷冻打印层间预冷装置，包括铺砂装置，其中铺砂装置位于负压低温成形室的上方，其中所述铺砂装置包括若干个独立的铺砂槽、空心铺砂辊、冷却室、刮砂板和可开闭挡板；每个所述铺砂槽出料口处转动设有可开闭挡板，用于按需铺设低温预混砂，通过对空心铺砂辊和刮砂板提供冷量，在刮平和压实低温型砂过程中进一步冷却预混型砂。采用本装置进行砂型冷冻3D打印，预混型砂的低温温度精确可控，对实现砂型冷冻打印层间预冷具有重要意义。

Description

一种砂型冷冻打印层间预冷装置 技术领域
本发明属于涉及能够实现冷冻砂型高尺寸精度3D打印制造技术领域，一种砂型冷冻打印层间预冷装置。
背景技术
砂型3D打印技术是一种主要基于微滴喷射原理的快速成形技术。冷冻砂型3D打印采用水基溶液做砂型铸造用粘结剂，在低温环境下将预混砂逐层冰冻成固体以保持其形状，不同于其他3D打印技术在室温下或加热打印材料。冷冻砂型在高温熔体冲击下，自然溃散，浇注过程中无强烈刺激性气体产生。该方法不使用树脂，粘结剂主要成分是水，起到环保的作用，符合现代绿色制造的理念。
在微滴喷射纯水冷冻粘结型砂的过程中，铺砂工艺对设备的正常运行和铸件的成形质量有着重要的影响。如图1中，现在的砂型冷冻打印装置，包括真空上料装置(1)，混砂装置(2)，铺砂装置(3)，阵列喷头(4)，负压低温成形室(5)，其中所述真空上料装置(1)位于所述铺砂装置(3)上方并与混砂装置(2)的进料口相连，铺砂装置(3)位于负压低温成形室(5)的上方；三维运动系统(7)位于所述负压低温成形室(5)的上方；阵列喷头(4)通过第一伺服电机滑动设置在所述三维运动系统(7)上，可实现在三自由度方向上的移动；阵列喷头(4)用于按需喷射纯水，凝固砂型；铺砂装置(3)通过第二伺服电机与所述三维运动系统(7)滑动连接。
传统铺砂装置使用普通铺砂辊或刮砂板很难保证预混砂温度控制在-40℃～-10℃的范围内，从而影响喷头打印的成形精度。并且预混干冰或液氮的低温型砂在铺砂过程中也存在平整度较差、致密度不均匀的问题，影响冷冻铸型的形状尺寸精度和铸件基础性能。
发明内容
为解决上述问题，本发明公开了一种砂型冷冻打印层间预冷装置，该装置主要解决低温预混砂在铺砂过程中平整度较差、致密度不均匀和层间预冷等问题。
为实现以上目的，本发明通过以下技术方案予以实现：
一种砂型冷冻打印层间预冷装置，包括铺砂装置，其中铺砂装置位于负压低温成形室的上方，其中所述铺砂装置包括若干个独立的铺砂槽、空心铺砂辊、冷却室、刮砂板和可开闭挡板；每个所述铺砂槽出料口处转动设有可开闭挡板，用于按需铺设低温预混砂。
本发明进一步改进在于：其中可开闭挡板位于铺砂槽的下方，在控制系统的控制下，通过打开和关闭可开闭挡板按需铺砂；刮砂板设置在可开闭挡板旁，用于将铺砂槽铺放出的型砂进行一次刮平；其中所述空心铺砂辊的内腔为中空状，刮砂板与冷却室相连接固定，其中所述空心铺砂辊位于所述冷却室内且一端通过连接杆与所述刮砂板连接固定；用于对型砂进行二次刮平和压力紧实。
本发明进一步改进在于：所述可开闭挡板的一端通过回程弹簧与所述铺砂槽连接固定。
本发明进一步改进在于：所述空心铺砂辊中可通入干冰或液氮，控制铺砂辊的表面温度在-40℃～-10℃。
本发明进一步改进在于：在冷却室的内腔可通入干冰或液氮。
本发明进一步改进在于：所述可开闭挡板满足预混型砂顺利从出砂口流出，可开闭挡板的倾角为60°，出砂口宽度为6mm。
本发明进一步改进在于：所述可开闭挡板通过旋转销轴与螺旋驱动电机连接；或者通过旋转销轴与旋转气缸控制开闭角度按需铺砂。
本发明进一步改进在于：铺砂装置内安装有振动电机，防止预混型砂变形和粘结。
进一步地，在所述空心铺砂辊中通入干冰和液氮，控制铺砂辊的表面温度在-40℃～-10℃；本发明的有益效果：
(1)本方案通过内置制冷剂的空心铺砂辊、冷却室和刮砂板对预混型砂进行低温铺设，达到在铺砂过程中进行温度控制的层间预冷效果，提高了打印喷头的成形精度，进一步提高冷冻铸型的形状尺寸精度和铸件基础性能。
(2)砂型成形过程处于负压低温的环境中，型砂的紧实度提高，减少了外部环境压力和温度对打印过程的影响。
附图说明
图1、背景技术附图；
图2、铺砂装置的透视图；
附图标记列表：
1-真空上料装置，2-混砂装置，3-铺砂装置，4-阵列喷头，5-负压低温成形室，6-可升降工作台，7-三维运动系统，8-空心铺砂辊，9-冷却室，10-刮砂板，11-铺砂槽，12-可开闭挡板。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施方式，进一步阐明本发明，应理解下述具体实施方式仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。需要说明的是，下面描述中使用的词语“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“上”和“下”指的是附图中的方向，词语“内”和“外”分别指的是朝向或远离特定部件几何中心的方向。
如图1-2所示，本实施例的一种砂型冷冻打印层间预冷装置；真空上料装置1位于所述铺砂装置3上方，与混砂装置2相连，将原砂从储砂罐中送入混砂装置中。混砂装置下方设置有挡砂板和回程弹簧，当铺砂槽内型砂量较低时，电机驱动铺砂槽推动混砂装置下挡砂板，型砂流入铺砂槽内，当流出量满足铺砂装置使用量时，铺砂槽离开挡板，挡板回弹，出砂口关闭。铺砂装置3位于三维运动系统7上，包含有多个开闭独立的铺砂槽11和可开闭挡板12，用于按需铺设低温预混砂。负压低温成形室5是用来使得铺砂过程中型砂处于一个负压且低温的环境中，负压环境使型砂的紧实度提高，有利于最终成形铸型的强度。低温环境可排除外部环境温度的干扰，有助于纯水粘结剂的冻结。如图2，铺砂装置3包括：空心铺砂辊8、冷却室9、刮砂板10、铺砂槽11和可开闭挡板12。铺砂装置3采用滚珠丝杠和驱 动电机控制。滚珠丝杠副传动设备定位精确且传动效率高。驱动电机可驱动铺砂器沿Y方向运行，铺砂装置3内部振动电机，防止预混型砂变形和粘结。可开闭挡板12位于铺砂槽11的下方，通过旋转销轴与螺旋驱动电机或者旋转气缸连接，从而控制开闭角度按需铺砂。
刮砂板10在可开闭挡板12旁，用于将可开闭挡板放出的型砂进行一次刮平。空心铺砂辊6与刮砂板8通过冷却室9相连接，用于对型砂进行二次刮平和压力紧实。可开闭挡板12倾角为60°，出砂口宽度为6mm，使型砂的流出呈现整体流状态，流动均匀平稳，防止出现结拱现象。上述空心铺砂辊中空，且与冷却室中都通有一定量的干冰或液氮，控制铺砂辊和刮砂板的表面温度在-40℃～-10℃。冷却室9腔壁与空心铺砂辊8、刮砂板10相连接，腔室内部的干冰或液氮使得铺砂辊和刮砂板外壁表面温度降低，在刮砂和压实的过程中进一步冷却预混砂，达到型砂铺设的层间预冷效果，提高打印喷头的成形精度。同时本说明书中未作详细描述的内容均属于本领域技术人员公知的现有技术。
本发明方案所公开的技术手段不仅限于上述实施方式所公开的技术手段，还包括由以上技术特征任意组合所组成的技术方案。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种砂型冷冻打印层间预冷装置，其特征在于：包括铺砂装置(3)，其中铺砂装置(3)位于负压低温成形室(5)的上方，其中所述铺砂装置(3)包括若干个独立的铺砂槽(11)、空心铺砂辊(8)、冷却室(9)、刮砂板(10)和可开闭挡板(12)；每个所述铺砂槽(11)出料口处转动设有可开闭挡板(12)，用于按需铺设低温预混砂。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种砂型冷冻打印层间预冷装置，其特征在于：其中可开闭挡板(12)位于铺砂槽(11)的下方，在控制系统的控制下，通过打开和关闭可开闭挡板(12)按需铺砂；刮砂板(10)设置在可开闭挡板(12)旁，用于将铺砂槽(11)铺放出的型砂进行一次刮平；其中所述空心铺砂辊(8)的内腔为中空状，刮砂板(10)与冷却室(9)相连接固定，其中所述空心铺砂辊(8)位于所述冷却室(9)内且一端通过连接杆与所述刮砂板(10)连接固定；用于对型砂进行二次刮平和压力紧实。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种砂型冷冻打印层间预冷装置，其特征在于：所述可开闭挡板(12)的一端通过回程弹簧与所述铺砂槽(11)连接固定。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种砂型冷冻打印层间预冷装置，其特征在于：所述空心铺砂辊(8)中可通入干冰和液氮，控制铺砂辊的表面温度在-40℃～-10℃。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种砂型冷冻打印层间预冷装置，其特征在于：在冷却室(9)的内腔可通入干冰和液氮。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种砂型冷冻打印层间预冷装置，其特征在于：所述可开闭挡板满足预混型砂顺利从出砂口流出，可开闭挡板(12)的倾角为60°，出砂口宽度为6mm。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种砂型冷冻打印层间预冷装置，其特征在于：所述可开闭挡板(12)通过旋转销轴与螺旋驱动电机连接；或者通过旋转销轴与旋转气缸控制开闭角度按需铺砂。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种砂型冷冻打印层间预冷装置，其特征在于：铺砂装置(3)内安装有振动电机，防止预混型砂变形和粘结。
PCT/CN2022/098841 2021-07-28 2022-06-15 一种砂型冷冻打印层间预冷装置 WO2023005473A1 (zh)

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JP2023532248A JP7461094B2 (ja) 2021-07-28 2022-06-15 砂型凍結印刷用層間予冷装置
EP22797247.8A EP4147805B1 (en) 2021-07-28 2022-06-15 Interlayer pre-cooling apparatus for sand mold freezing printing
US17/918,347 US11660662B2 (en) 2021-07-28 2022-06-15 Interlayer pre-cooling apparatus for sand mold freezing printing
KR1020237028953A KR102603820B1 (ko) 2021-07-28 2022-06-15 사형 동결 인쇄용 층간 사전 냉각 장치
AU2022319215A AU2022319215A1 (en) 2021-07-28 2022-06-15 Interlayer pre-cooling apparatus for sand mold freezing printing
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CN114558995A (zh) * 2022-03-03 2022-05-31 南京航空航天大学 一种冷冻砂型打印低温喷头气体随动扫描装置
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CN115971415A (zh) * 2022-12-19 2023-04-18 华中科技大学 分层挤出成形同步多向微轧挤的方法、装置、铸型或型芯

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