WO2023004908A1 - 一种机械式井下多次开关旁通阀 - Google Patents

一种机械式井下多次开关旁通阀 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023004908A1
WO2023004908A1 PCT/CN2021/114522 CN2021114522W WO2023004908A1 WO 2023004908 A1 WO2023004908 A1 WO 2023004908A1 CN 2021114522 W CN2021114522 W CN 2021114522W WO 2023004908 A1 WO2023004908 A1 WO 2023004908A1
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Prior art keywords
ball
seat
bypass valve
hole
valve seat
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PCT/CN2021/114522
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘鹏
王书忠
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四川中宏瑞石油机械工程有限公司
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Publication of WO2023004908A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023004908A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B34/00—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells
    • E21B34/06—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells
    • E21B34/14—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells operated by movement of tools, e.g. sleeve valves operated by pistons or wire line tools
    • E21B34/142—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells operated by movement of tools, e.g. sleeve valves operated by pistons or wire line tools unsupported or free-falling elements, e.g. balls, plugs, darts or pistons

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of oil and gas exploitation, and in particular relates to a mechanical downhole multiple switch bypass valve.
  • the downhole multiple switch bypass valve is a tool for direct plugging and wellbore cleaning operations without tripping during drilling, completion and workover stages. Its most notable feature is plugging while drilling, protecting downhole instruments, shortening the drilling cycle, and reducing the risk of well control.
  • the first one is the BPL structure (international patent needs to be checked). Its principle is to put in a rubber ball to push the valve seat down to open the bypass hole. Carry out the plugging operation, and then put in two small steel balls to block the bypass hole and hold the pressure, causing the rubber ball to deform, and the two small steel balls fall into the lower basket together.
  • BPL structure international patent needs to be checked. Its principle is to put in a rubber ball to push the valve seat down to open the bypass hole. Carry out the plugging operation, and then put in two small steel balls to block the bypass hole and hold the pressure, causing the rubber ball to deform, and the two small steel balls fall into the lower basket together.
  • problems with this structure one is the quality of the rubber ball.
  • the rubber ball Under high temperature, high pressure, and different mud systems, the rubber ball is easily deformed, causing it to enter the basket in advance or the bypass cannot be closed, causing major well control Risk; the 2nd, because rubber ball needs to be out of shape, therefore, rubber ball diameter is big, and technical requirement can't meet the difficult problem of needing to further throw small ball or cable through multiple switch bypass valve after throwing.
  • the second is the SWACO company structure (international patent needs to be checked). The principle is to put in a metal ball first, and the ball drives the valve seat to move downwards, thereby opening the bypass hole. The metal ball then falls into the ball basket. At this time, drilling The liquid can flow out through the bypass hole and the lower water eye. At this time, put in the second metal ball.
  • the present invention provides a mechanical downhole multiple switch bypass valve, the purpose of which is to: improve the reliability and safety of the downhole multiple switch bypass valve, and prevent the occurrence of the above-mentioned well control risks .
  • a mechanical downhole bypass valve with multiple switches including a bypass valve body, a valve seat is arranged inside the bypass valve body, the valve seat is slidingly connected with the bypass valve body, and a valve seat is provided on the valve seat
  • the side of the bypass valve body is provided with a bypass hole, the position of the bypass hole corresponds to the side hole of the valve seat, a spring is provided between the valve seat and the bypass valve body, and a ball seat is provided on the valve seat.
  • the ball seat is a multi-lobed ball seat, a steel ball is matched with the ball seat, and a closing steel ball is matched with the side hole of the valve seat.
  • the steel ball and the ball seat form a seal, and the plugging liquid is pumped in to generate a pressure difference to move the valve seat downward.
  • the spring is compressed, and when the bypass hole and the seat side When the holes overlap, a circulation channel is formed, and the plugging liquid is discharged from the bypass hole to form a bypass cycle, and the plugging operation starts.
  • the closing steel balls are located at the upper end of the steel balls, pump the drilling fluid, generate a pressure difference, push the closing steel balls to the side hole of the valve seat, and push the valve seat The side hole is blocked, thereby forming a sealed state.
  • Increase the displacement of the pumped drilling fluid increase the pump pressure, and the pressure on the steel ball will increase, pushing the steel ball down. seat.
  • the upper and lower pipes inside the bypass valve body establish a circulation channel.
  • valve seat and the ball seat move upward under the action of the spring force, and the original pressure on the closing steel ball decreases, and the closing steel ball Under the action of its own gravity and fluid thrust, it passes through the through hole of the ball seat. At this time, the bypass hole is completely closed and the bypass channel disappears.
  • the valve seat resets under the action of the spring thrust, the internal fluid is discharged normally, and the drilling fluid circulation is established.
  • the shape of the inner side of the upper part of the ball seat is arc-shaped, and the arc matches the steel ball.
  • the contact surface between the ball seat and the steel ball is larger, the sealing performance is better, and it is easier to hold pressure.
  • the ball seat is threadedly connected with the valve seat.
  • the ball seat is easy to disassemble and install, and the subsequent maintenance and replacement are convenient.
  • the top of the valve seat is fixedly provided with an upper limit block for limiting the position of the ball seat.
  • the top of the upper limit block is set in a concave arc shape, and the middle part of the upper limit block is provided with a through hole.
  • the through hole The inner diameter matches the diameter of the steel ball.
  • the upper limit block can fix the ball seat to prevent the ball seat from loosening and falling off.
  • top of the ball seat is a conical structure, and the lower part is a cylindrical structure, and the inner diameter of the closed top is smaller than the diameter of the steel ball, and the inner diameter of the cylindrical structure is larger than the diameter of the steel ball.
  • the number of petals of the multi-lobed ball seat is one of 2 to 8 petals.
  • valve seat is provided with a guide groove
  • bypass valve body is provided with a guide pin shaft
  • guide pin shaft is slidably connected with the guide groove
  • the cooperation between the guide groove and the direction pin can make the valve seat and the bypass valve body only slide relative to each other without relative rotation, preventing the misalignment of the bypass hole and the side hole of the valve body.
  • the lower end of the bypass valve body is connected with a ball joint, and the interior of the ball joint is provided with an upper stopper, a stopper, a partition and a bottom plate connected in sequence.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the partition is U-shaped, and a plurality of through holes are arranged at equal intervals on the partition.
  • the opening side of the partition is close to the inner wall of the basketball joint, and the width of the partition is less than half of the inner diameter of the basketball joint.
  • the shape of the upper stopper is semicircular, and the two ends are set as concave arcs, a through hole is provided at the center of the upper stopper, and a corresponding through hole is provided in the middle of the stopper, so The radius of the through hole is smaller than the radius of the steel ball and the closed steel ball, and an arc-shaped notch is arranged on the stopper, and the opening of the arc-shaped notch faces the space surrounded by the partition plate and the ball basket joint.
  • the steel ball and the closing steel ball fall into the space enclosed by the partition and the inner wall of the ball basket joint through the arc-shaped gap. Since the width of the partition is less than half of the inner diameter of the ball basket joint, the ball is collected by the ball basket. Finally, it is also possible to reserve passages for other small balls or cables to pass through, which is convenient for construction.
  • the shape of the inner side of the upper part of the ball seat is arc-shaped, and the arc is matched with the steel ball.
  • the contact surface between the ball seat and the steel ball is larger, the sealing is better, and it is easier to hold the pressure.
  • the ball seat is easy to disassemble and install, and it is convenient to maintain and replace later.
  • the top of the ball seat is set in a conical structure, and the lower part is set in a cylindrical structure. After the steel ball passes through the rear conical structure, it can move downward unimpeded. The pressure is clear, and it is convenient for the ground to judge whether to close the bypass hole.
  • the upper limit block can fix the ball seat to prevent the ball seat from loosening and falling off.
  • the cooperation of the guide groove and the direction pin can make the valve seat and the bypass valve body only slide relative to each other without relative rotation, preventing the misalignment of the bypass hole and the side hole of the valve body.
  • Fig. 1 is a sectional view of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is an explosion diagram of the present invention
  • Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a two-petal ball seat
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of an eight-petal ball seat
  • Fig. 5 is the structural representation of valve seat
  • Fig. 6 is a structural schematic diagram of an upper limit block
  • Fig. 7 is the structural representation of upper block
  • Fig. 8 is the structural representation of block
  • Fig. 9 is a structural schematic diagram of a partition
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic structural view of the bottom plate.
  • 1-bypass valve body 2-ball seat, 3-valve seat, 4-spring, 5-steel ball, 6-bypass hole, 7-upper limit block, 8-close steel ball, 9-limit Nut, 10-upper stopper, 11-stopper, 12-basket joint, 13-partition plate, 14-bottom plate, 15-guide pin, 16-guide groove, 17-nozzle, 18-seat side hole, 19 - O-ring seals.
  • the terms “upper”, “lower”, “left”, “right”, “vertical”, “horizontal”, “inner” and “outer” indicate The orientation or positional relationship is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship that is usually placed when the product of the invention is used, and is only for the convenience of describing the application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying Any device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed, and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the application.
  • the terms “first”, “second”, “third”, etc. are only used for distinguishing descriptions, and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
  • a mechanical downhole bypass valve with multiple switches including a bypass valve body 1, a valve seat 3 is arranged inside the bypass valve body 1, the valve seat 3 is slidingly connected with the bypass valve body 1, and the valve seat 3
  • a valve seat side hole 18 is provided on the valve body 1
  • a bypass hole 6 is provided on the side of the bypass valve body 1 .
  • a spring 4 is provided between the valve seat 3 and the bypass valve body 1, and a ball seat 2 is provided on the valve seat 3.
  • the side hole 18 of the valve seat is provided with a closing steel ball 8 .
  • the diameter of closing steel ball 8 is slightly less than the diameter of steel ball 5.
  • the inner side of the upper part of the ball seat 2 is arc-shaped, and the arc matches the steel ball 5 .
  • the ball seat 2 is screwed to the valve seat 3 .
  • the top of the valve seat 3 is fixedly provided with an upper limit block 7 for limiting the position of the ball seat 2, the top of the upper limit block 7 is set in a concave arc shape, and the upper limit block
  • the middle part of 7 is provided with through hole, and the diameter of described through hole matches with the diameter of steel ball 5.
  • the top of the bypass valve body 1 is provided with a limit nut 9, and several O-rings 19 are arranged between the limit nut 9 and the upper limit block 7.
  • the top of the ball seat 2 is a conical structure, and the lower part is a cylindrical structure, and the inner diameter of the closed top is smaller than the diameter of the steel ball 5 , and the inner diameter of the cylindrical structure is larger than the diameter of the steel ball 5 .
  • the number of petals of the multi-lobed ball seat is 2 petals. In another embodiment, the number of petals of the multi-lobed ball seat can be selected according to needs, such as 3 petals or 8 petals. valve.
  • valve seat 3 is provided with a guide groove 16
  • bypass valve body 1 is provided with a guide pin 15
  • guide pin 15 is slidably connected with the guide groove 16 .
  • An O-ring seal is provided at the joint between the guide pin shaft 15 and the bypass valve body 1 .
  • the lower end of the bypass valve body 1 is connected with a basketball joint 12 , and the interior of the basketball joint 12 is provided with an upper stopper 10 , a stopper 11 , a partition 13 and a bottom plate 14 connected in sequence.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the partition 13 is U-shaped, and a plurality of through holes are arranged at equal intervals on the partition 13 .
  • the opening side of the partition 13 is close to the inner wall of the basketball joint 12 , and the width of the partition 13 is less than half of the inner diameter of the basketball joint 12 .
  • the shape of the upper block 10 is semicircular, and the two ends are set as concave arcs, the center of the upper block 10 is provided with a through hole, and the middle part of the block 11 is provided with a corresponding The through hole, the radius of the through hole is smaller than the radius of the steel ball 5 and the closing steel ball 8, and the stopper 11 is provided with an arc-shaped notch, and the opening of the arc-shaped notch is surrounded by the partition plate 13 and the basketball joint 12. into space.
  • the closing steel balls 8 are located at the upper end of the steel balls 5, pump the drilling fluid, generate a pressure difference, and push the closing steel balls 8 to the side hole of the valve seat 17. Block the side hole 17 of the valve seat to form a sealed state.
  • Increase the displacement of the pumped drilling fluid increase the pump pressure, the pressure acting on the steel ball 5 becomes larger, push the steel ball 5 to move down, at this time, the petal body of the ball seat 2 expands, the hole diameter becomes larger, and the steel ball 5 continues to descend Move, through the ball seat 2.
  • the upper and lower pipes inside the bypass valve body 1 establish a circulation channel.
  • Reduced, closed steel ball 8 passes through the ball seat through hole under the effect of its own gravity and fluid thrust, and now the bypass hole is completely closed, and the bypass channel disappears.
  • the valve seat resets under the action of the spring thrust, the internal fluid is discharged normally, and the drilling fluid circulation is established.
  • the invention adopts steel balls, which avoids the well control risk caused by the rubber balls being affected by temperature, pressure and different mud; when the steel balls pass through the multi-lobed ball seat, the pressure is clear, and the ground can easily monitor whether the bypass hole is closed, Can avoid well control risk.
  • the steel ball 5 and the closed steel ball 8 drop into the space enclosed by the partition 13 and the inner wall of the basketball basket joint 12 through the arc-shaped gap for collection. Since the width of the partition 13 is less than half of the inner diameter of the basket joint 12, the basket is collected. After the steel ball, a passage for other small balls or cables can also be left to facilitate subsequent construction.

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Abstract

一种机械式井下多次开关旁通阀，其包括旁通阀本体（1），旁通阀本体内部设置有阀座（3），阀座与旁通阀本体滑动连接，阀座上设置有阀座侧孔（18），旁通阀本体的侧面设置有旁通孔（6），旁通孔与阀座侧孔位置对应，阀座与旁通阀本体之间设置有弹簧（4），阀座上设置有球座（2），球座为多瓣式球座，与球座配套设置有钢球（5），与阀座侧孔配套设置有关闭钢球（8）。该机械式井下多次开关旁通阀避免了橡胶球受到温度、压力和不同泥浆的影响产生的井控风险；钢球通过多瓣式球座时，压力清楚，地面容易监测是否关闭旁通孔，避免井控风险。球篮收集钢球后，能够留出供其他小球或电缆通过的通道，便于后续施工。

Description

一种机械式井下多次开关旁通阀 技术领域
本发明属于油气开采技术领域，具体涉及一种机械式井下多次开关旁通阀。
背景技术
井下多次开关旁通阀是在钻井、完井和修井阶段，不需要起钻，而直接进行堵漏和井眼清洁作业的工具。其最显著的特点是随钻堵漏作业，保护井下仪器，缩短钻井周期，降低井控风险。
目前，世界上通用有两种井下多次开关旁通阀，第一种是BPL结构(需查国际专利)，其原理是投入1个橡胶球，推动阀座向下移动，打开旁通孔，进行堵漏作业，后再投入两个小钢球，封堵旁通孔，进行憋压，导致橡胶球变形，连同两个小钢球落入下部球篮。在实际应用中，这种结构存在两个难题：一是橡胶球质量，在高温、高压、不同泥浆体系下，橡胶球易变形，造成提前进入球篮或无法关闭旁通，引起重大的井控风险；二是由于橡胶球需要变形，因此，橡胶球直径大，技术上要求无法满足投球后需要进一步投小球或电缆通过多次开关旁通阀的难题。第二种是SWACO公司结构(需查国际专利)，其原理是先投入1个金属球，球带动阀座向下移动，从而打开旁通孔，金属球后掉入球篮，此时，钻井液可以通过旁通孔和下部水眼流出，这时再投入第2个金属球，该球投入后封堵住流往下部水眼的流体，这时进行堵漏作业，堵漏完成后再投入第3个金属球，这个球投入后，推动球座关闭旁通孔，后两个金属球再掉入球篮。这种结构有个优点是投入的金属球体积小且3个球的直径相差不大，投球作业后，仍能进行投小球或下电缆作业。但缺点是旁通孔打开和旁通孔关闭时的压力不明显，从而导致井控风险。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的问题，本发明提供一种机械式井下多次开关旁通阀，其目的在于：提高井下多次开关旁通阀的可靠性和安全性，防止上述井控风险的产生。
本发明采用的技术方案如下：
一种机械式井下多次开关旁通阀，包括旁通阀本体，所述旁通阀本体内部设置有阀座，所述阀座与旁通阀本体滑动连接，阀座上设置有阀座侧孔，旁通阀本体的侧面设置有旁通孔，所述旁通孔与阀座侧孔位置对应，阀座与旁通阀本体之间设置有弹簧，所述阀座上设置有球座，所述球座为多瓣式球座，与球座配套设置有钢球，与阀座侧孔配套设置有关闭钢球。
投入钢球后，当钢球到达球座上部，钢球与球座形成密封，泵入堵漏液，产生压差使阀座向下移动，此时弹簧压缩，当旁通孔与阀座侧孔重合时，形成流通通道，堵漏液由旁通孔 排出形成旁通循环，开始进行堵漏作业。完成堵漏后，停止泵入堵漏液，投入两个关闭钢球，关闭钢球位于钢球上端，泵入钻井液，产生压差，将关闭钢球推动至阀座侧孔，将阀座侧孔封堵，由此形成密封状态。加大泵入钻井液排量，提高泵压，作用在钢球上的压力变大，推动钢球下移，此时球座的瓣体张大，孔径变大，钢球继续下移，通过球座。钢球通过球座后，旁通阀本体内部上下管柱建立循环通道，此时阀座及球座在弹簧弹力的作用下向上移动，原作用在关闭钢球上的压力减小，关闭钢球在自身重力以及流体推力的作用下穿过球座通孔，此时旁通孔完全关闭，旁通通道消失。继续加大排量，将钢球及关闭钢球往下推动，阀座在弹簧推力作用下复位，内部流体正常排入，建立钻井液循环。
采用本技术方案后，由于采用了钢球，避免了橡胶球受到温度、压力和不同泥浆的影响造成的井控风险；钢球通过多瓣式球座时，压力清楚，地面可以很容易监测是否关闭旁通孔，能够避免井控风险。
进一步的，所述球座上部的内侧的形状为弧形，且弧度与钢球匹配。
采用该优选方案后，球座与钢球接触面更大，密封性更好，更容易憋压。
进一步的，所述球座与阀座螺纹连接。
采用该优选方案后，球座便于拆卸和安装，后期维护和更换方便。
进一步的，阀座的顶部固定设置有用于限定球座位置的上限位块，所述上限位块的顶部设置为内凹的弧形，上限位块的中部设置有通孔，所述通孔的内径与钢球的直径匹配。
采用该优选方案后，上限位块可以对球座进行固定，防止球座出现松动和脱落。
进一步的，球座的顶部为锥形结构，下部为圆筒形结构，且顶部闭合后的内径小于钢球的直径，圆筒形结构的内径大于钢球的直径。
进一步的，所述多瓣式球座的瓣数为2至8瓣中的一种。
采用该优选方案后，可以根据现场实际情况选择不同瓣数的球座，实用性更广。
进一步的，所述阀座上设置有导向槽，所述旁通阀本体上设置有导向销轴，所述导向销轴与导向槽滑动连接。
采用该优选方案后，导向槽和到向销轴的配合，可以使阀座与旁通阀本体只进行相对滑动而不出现相对转动，防止旁通孔与阀体侧孔不能对齐的情况发生。
进一步的，所述旁通阀本体的下端连接有球篮接头，所述球篮接头的内部设置有依次连接的上挡块、挡块、隔板和底板。
进一步的，所述隔板的截面形状为U形，且隔板上等间距设置有多个通孔。
进一步的，所述隔板的开口一侧紧靠球篮接头的内壁，且隔板的宽度小于球篮接头内径的一半。
进一步的，所述上挡块的形状为半圆形，且两端面设置为内凹的弧形，上挡块的圆心处设置有通孔，所述挡块中部设置有相应的通孔，所述通孔的半径小于钢球和关闭钢球的半径，且挡块上设置有弧形缺口，所述弧形缺口的开口朝向隔板与球篮接头围成的空间。
采用该优选方案后，钢球和关闭钢球通过弧形缺口掉落到隔板与球篮接头内壁围成的空间中，由于隔板的宽度小于球篮接头内径的一半，球篮收集钢球后，还能够留出供其他小球或电缆通过的通道，便于施工。
综上所述，由于采用了上述技术方案，本发明的有益效果是：
1.由于采用了钢球，避免了橡胶球受到温度、压力和不同泥浆的影响造成的井控风险；钢球通过多瓣式球座时，压力清楚，地面可以很容易监测是否关闭旁通孔，能够避免井控风险。
2.球座上部的内侧的形状为弧形，且弧度与钢球匹配，球座与钢球接触面更大，密封性更好，更容易憋压。
3.球座便于拆卸和安装，后期维护和更换方便。
4.球座顶部设置成锥形结构，下部设置成圆筒形结构，钢球通过后锥形结构后可以畅通无阻的向下运动，压力清楚，便于地面判断是否关闭旁通孔。
4.上限位块可以对球座进行固定，防止球座出现松动和脱落。
5.导向槽和到向销轴的配合，可以使阀座与旁通阀本体只进行相对滑动而不出现相对转动，防止旁通孔与阀体侧孔不能对齐的情况发生。
6.钢球和关闭钢球通过弧形缺口掉落到隔板与球篮接头内壁围成的空间中，由于隔板的宽度小于球篮接头内径的一半，球篮收集钢球后，还能够留出供其他小球或电缆通过的通道，便于施工。
附图说明
本发明将通过例子并参照附图的方式说明，其中：
图1是本发明的剖面图；
图2是本发明的爆炸图；
图3是两瓣式球座的结构示意图；
图4是八瓣式球座的结构示意图；
图5是阀座的结构示意图；
图6是上限位块的结构示意图；
图7是上挡块的结构示意图；
图8是挡块的结构示意图；
图9是隔板的结构示意图；
图10是底板的结构示意图。
其中，1-旁通阀本体，2-球座，3-阀座，4-弹簧，5-钢球，6-旁通孔，7-上限位块，8-关闭钢球，9-限位螺母，10-上挡块，11-挡块，12-球篮接头，13-隔板，14-底板，15-导向销钉，16-导向槽，17-喷嘴，18-阀座侧孔，19-O形密封圈。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。通常在此处附图中描述和示出的本申请实施例的组件可以以各种不同的配置来布置和设计。因此，以下对在附图中提供的本申请的实施例的详细描述并非旨在限制要求保护的本申请的范围，而是仅仅表示本申请的选定实施例。基于本申请的实施例，本领域技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
在本申请实施例的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，或者是该发明产品使用时惯常摆放的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等仅用于区分描述，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
下面结合图1-10对本发明作详细说明。
一种机械式井下多次开关旁通阀，包括旁通阀本体1，所述旁通阀本体1内部设置有阀座3，所述阀座3与旁通阀本体1滑动连接，阀座3上设置有阀座侧孔18，旁通阀本体1的侧面设置有旁通孔6，所述旁通孔6与阀座侧孔18位置对应，旁通孔6中设置有喷嘴17。阀座3与旁通阀本体1之间设置有弹簧4，所述阀座3上设置有球座2，所述球座2为多瓣式球座，与球座2配套设置有钢球5，与阀座侧孔18配套设置有关闭钢球8。关闭钢球8的直径略小于钢球5的直径。
本实施例中，所述球座2上部的内侧的形状为弧形，且弧度与钢球5匹配。
本实施例中，所述球座2与阀座3螺纹连接。
如图2所示，本实施例中，阀座3的顶部固定设置有用于限定球座2位置的上限位块7，所述上限位块7的顶部设置为内凹的弧形，上限位块7的中部设置有通孔，所述通孔的直径与钢球5的直径匹配。旁通阀本体1的顶部设置有限位螺母9，限位螺母9与上限位块7之 间设置有数个O形密封圈19。
如图3所示，球座2的顶部为锥形结构，下部为圆筒形结构，且顶部闭合后的内径小于钢球5的直径，圆筒形结构的内径大于钢球5的直径。
如图3所示，本实施例中，所述多瓣式球座的瓣数为2瓣，在另一实施例中，多瓣式球座的瓣数可以根据需要选用，如3瓣或8瓣。
如图本实施例中，所述阀座3上设置有导向槽16，所述旁通阀本体1上设置有导向销轴15，所述导向销轴15与导向槽16滑动连接。导向销轴15与旁通阀本体1的连接处设置有O形密封圈。
本实施例中，所述旁通阀本体1的下端连接有球篮接头12，所述球篮接头12的内部设置有依次连接的上挡块10、挡块11、隔板13和底板14。
本实施例中，所述隔板13的截面形状为U形，且隔板13上等间距设置有多个通孔。
本实施例中，所述隔板13的开口一侧紧靠球篮接头12的内壁，且隔板13的宽度小于球篮接头12内径的一半。
本实施例中，所述上挡块10的形状为半圆形，且两端面设置为内凹的弧形，上挡块10的圆心处设置有通孔，所述挡块11中部设置有相应的通孔，所述通孔的半径小于钢球5和关闭钢球8的半径，且挡块11上设置有弧形缺口，所述弧形缺口的开口朝向隔板13与球篮接头12围成的空间。
本发明的工作原理如下：
投入钢球5后，当钢球5到达球座2上部，钢球5与球座2形成密封，泵入堵漏液，产生压差使阀座3向下移动，此时弹簧4压缩，当旁通孔6与阀座侧孔17重合时，形成流通通道，堵漏液由旁通孔6排出形成旁通循环，开始进行堵漏作业。完成堵漏后，停止泵入堵漏液，投入两个关闭钢球8，关闭钢球8位于钢球5上端，泵入钻井液，产生压差，将关闭钢球8推动至阀座侧孔17，将阀座侧孔17封堵，由此形成密封状态。加大泵入钻井液排量，提高泵压，作用在钢球5上的压力变大，推动钢球5下移，此时球座2的瓣体张大，孔径变大，钢球5继续下移，通过球座2。钢球5通过球座2后，旁通阀本体1内部上下管柱建立循环通道，此时阀座3及球座2在弹簧弹力的作用下向上移动，原作用在关闭钢球8上的压力减小，关闭钢球8在自身重力以及流体推力的作用下穿过球座通孔，此时旁通孔完全关闭，旁通通道消失。继续加大排量，将钢球5及关闭钢球8往下推动，阀座在弹簧推力作用下复位，内部流体正常排入，建立钻井液循环。
本发明采用了钢球，避免了橡胶球受到温度、压力和不同泥浆的影响造成的井控风险；钢球通过多瓣式球座时，压力清楚，地面可以很容易监测是否关闭旁通孔，能够避免井控风 险。钢球5和关闭钢球8通过弧形缺口掉落到隔板13与球篮接头12内壁围成的空间中进行收集，由于隔板13的宽度小于球篮接头12内径的一半，球篮收集钢球后，还能够留出供其他小球或电缆通过的通道，便于后续施工。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本申请的具体实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对本申请保护范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本申请技术方案构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本申请的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种机械式井下多次开关旁通阀，其特征在于：包括旁通阀本体(1)，所述旁通阀本体(1)内部设置有阀座(3)，所述阀座(3)与旁通阀本体(1)滑动连接，阀座(3)上设置有阀座侧孔(18)，旁通阀本体(1)的侧面设置有旁通孔(6)，所述旁通孔(6)与阀座侧孔(18)位置对应，阀座(3)与旁通阀本体(1)之间设置有弹簧(4)，所述阀座(3)上设置有球座(2)，所述球座(2)为多瓣式球座，与球座(2)配套设置有钢球(5)，与阀座侧孔(18)配套设置有关闭钢球(8)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种机械式井下多次开关旁通阀，其特征在于：所述球座(2)上部的内侧的形状为弧形，且弧度与钢球(5)匹配。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种机械式井下多次开关旁通阀，其特征在于：所述球座(2)与阀座(3)螺纹连接。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种机械式井下多次开关旁通阀，其特征在于：阀座(3)的顶部固定设置有用于限定球座(2)位置的上限位块(7)，所述上限位块(7)的顶部设置为内凹的弧形，上限位块(7)的中部设置有通孔，所述通孔的内径与钢球(5)的直径匹配。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种机械式井下多次开关旁通阀，其特征在于：球座(2)的顶部为锥形结构，下部为圆筒形结构，且顶部闭合后的内径小于钢球(5)的直径，圆筒形结构的内径大于钢球(5)的直径。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种机械式井下多次开关旁通阀，其特征在于：所述阀座(3)上设置有导向槽(16)，所述旁通阀本体(1)上设置有导向销轴(15)，所述导向销轴(15)与导向槽(16)滑动连接。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种机械式井下多次开关旁通阀，其特征在于：所述旁通阀本体(1)的下端连接有球篮接头(12)，所述球篮接头(12)的内部设置有依次连接的上挡块(10)、挡块(11)、隔板(13)和底板(14)。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的一种机械式井下多次开关旁通阀，其特征在于：所述隔板(13)的截面形状为U形，且隔板(13)上等间距设置有多个通孔。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的一种机械式井下多次开关旁通阀，其特征在于：所述隔板(13)的开口一侧紧靠球篮接头(12)的内壁，且隔板(13)的宽度小于球篮接头(12)内径的一半。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的一种机械式井下多次开关旁通阀，其特征在于：所述上挡块(10)的形状为半圆形，且两端面设置为内凹的弧形，上挡块(10)的圆心处设置有通孔，所述挡块(11)中部设置有相应的通孔，所述通孔的半径小于钢球(5)和关闭钢球(8)的半 径，且挡块(11)上设置有弧形缺口，所述弧形缺口的开口朝向隔板(13)与球篮接头(12)围成的空间。
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