WO2023002784A1 - 誘電体レンズ及びアンテナモジュール - Google Patents
誘電体レンズ及びアンテナモジュール Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023002784A1 WO2023002784A1 PCT/JP2022/024099 JP2022024099W WO2023002784A1 WO 2023002784 A1 WO2023002784 A1 WO 2023002784A1 JP 2022024099 W JP2022024099 W JP 2022024099W WO 2023002784 A1 WO2023002784 A1 WO 2023002784A1
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- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 claims description 96
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 66
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 23
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 240000006829 Ficus sundaica Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008094 contradictory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoroethene Chemical group FC=C XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/42—Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/02—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism
- H01Q15/08—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism formed of solid dielectric material
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a dielectric lens and an antenna module, and more particularly to a dielectric lens that converts and emits incident electromagnetic waves, and an antenna module that includes this dielectric lens.
- Patent Document 1 discloses an array antenna (array antenna) in which a plurality of microstrip elements (element antennas) are arranged on a resin substrate by etching.
- Patent Document 2 discloses that the electromagnetic waves radiated by the primary radiator are transmitted through a dielectric lens to obtain the required radiation directivity only through the dielectric lens.
- JP 2012-220418 A Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-246832
- An object of the present disclosure is to provide a dielectric lens that can change the characteristics of an electromagnetic wave that is a plane wave while maintaining the plane wave, and an antenna module that includes this dielectric lens.
- a dielectric lens according to an aspect of the present disclosure has an entrance surface and an exit surface opposite to the entrance surface, each of the entrance surface and the exit surface is a curved surface, and the It is rotationally symmetrical about a virtual straight line that intersects both the incident surface and the exit surface, and the incident surface and the exit surface do not have the same shape as each other, and the electromagnetic wave, which is a plane wave, is directed along the imaginary straight line. and is incident on the incident surface, an electromagnetic wave, which is a plane wave, is emitted from the exit surface.
- An antenna module includes the dielectric lens, and a radiator that emits an electromagnetic wave that is a plane wave, propagates in a direction along the virtual straight line, and enters the incident surface.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a dielectric lens and an antenna module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. FIG. 2 is an example of an optical model for deriving the shapes of the entrance surface and the exit surface in this embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the specific electromagnetic field intensity distribution of incident waves set for specifically calculating the shape of the dielectric lens in the example of the present embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the specific electromagnetic field intensity distribution of the outgoing wave set for specifically calculating the shape of the dielectric lens in the example of the present embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the shape of the dielectric lens identified in the example of this embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing electromagnetic field simulation results when an electromagnetic wave passes through a dielectric lens in an example of the present embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the specific electromagnetic field strength distribution of the emitted wave extracted from the electromagnetic field simulation result of FIG.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing the specific electromagnetic field intensity distribution of incident waves extracted from the
- antenna characteristics such as directivity required for electromagnetic waves emitted from antenna modules are diversifying. is becoming In order for an electromagnetic wave to have high directivity, it is required that the electromagnetic wave be a plane wave. Also, the directivity of electromagnetic waves is affected by the beam diameter of the electromagnetic waves and the electromagnetic field intensity distribution.
- the design of the antenna module must be redesigned from the beginning, which requires a great deal of time and effort.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2012-220418
- the shape, number, arrangement, power supply output, etc. of the element antennas are set to the desired beam diameter and electromagnetic field of the electromagnetic wave. It must be redesigned to have an intensity distribution.
- the inventor thought that a dielectric lens that converts a plane wave having a certain beam diameter and electromagnetic field intensity distribution into a desired beam diameter and electromagnetic field intensity distribution would suffice.
- a dielectric lens is used to convert an electromagnetic wave emitted from a primary radiator to give directivity, but it emits a plane wave. It does not change the directivity of the antenna device.
- the inventor conducted research to develop a dielectric lens that can change the characteristics of an electromagnetic wave, which is a plane wave, while maintaining the plane wave, and completed the present disclosure.
- This development history is not intended to limit the content of this disclosure.
- a dielectric lens 1 and an antenna module 10 according to this embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
- the dashed line in FIG. 1 represents the direction in which the electromagnetic wave travels and the electromagnetic field strength distribution of the electromagnetic wave.
- the dielectric lens 1 has an entrance surface 2 and an exit surface 3 opposite the entrance surface 2 .
- Each of the entrance surface 2 and the exit surface 3 is a curved surface, and is rotationally symmetrical about an imaginary straight line S that intersects both the entrance surface 2 and the exit surface 3 .
- the entrance surface 2 and the exit surface 3 do not have the same shape.
- each of the entrance surface 2 and the exit surface 3 allows the incident wave I to travel in the direction along the imaginary straight line S and 2, an exiting wave E, which is a plane wave, is emitted from the exiting surface 3. As shown in FIG.
- the electromagnetic wave is a plane wave.
- the vibration component of the frequency f of the electromagnetic wave is extracted from the fluctuating electromagnetic field component at a certain point in the space through which the electromagnetic wave of the frequency f passes, and the vibration phase is measured.
- a plane composed of a set of points having the same vibration phase extracted in this way is called a phase plane.
- the focal length of the plane wave is infinity, or can be equated with infinity.
- the dielectric lens 1 can be used to convert the incident wave I, which is a plane wave, into the outgoing wave E, which is a plane wave. Further, since the incident surface 2 and the exit surface 3 do not have the same shape, the electromagnetic field distribution of the incident wave I and the electromagnetic field distribution of the emitted wave E can be made different, and the beam radius of the incident wave I and the beam radius of the emitted wave E can be made different. Therefore, the incident wave I, which is a plane wave, can be converted into the outgoing wave E, which is a plane wave having characteristics different from those of the incident wave I, only with the dielectric lens 1 . That is, the dielectric lens 1 can change the characteristics of the electromagnetic wave, which is a plane wave, while maintaining the plane wave.
- the dielectric lens 1 is preferably made from an isotropic dielectric.
- An isotropic dielectric is a material whose permittivity tensor has values only on the diagonal and they have the same value. Examples of isotropic dielectrics include stress-free glass, stress-free low dielectric constant resins such as fluoroplastics, water, and air.
- the dielectric lens 1 is made of glass or low dielectric constant resins, for example.
- a dielectric constant of the dielectric lens 1 is, for example, 1.8 or more and 6.5 or less. Incidentally, the dielectric constant of the dielectric lens 1 is appropriately designed according to the application and the like, and does not necessarily have to be within the above range.
- the dielectric lens 1 has an incident surface 2 and an exit surface 3.
- the entrance surface 2 and the exit surface 3 are arranged in a direction along an imaginary straight line S that intersects both the entrance surface 2 and the exit surface 3 .
- the incident surface 2 faces the side of the incident surface 2 opposite to the side of the exit surface 3
- the exit surface 3 faces the side of the exit surface 3 opposite to the side of the incident surface 2 .
- Both the entrance surface 2 and the exit surface 3 are rotationally symmetrical about the imaginary straight line S.
- FIG. Therefore, it can be said that the imaginary straight line S is a line that intersects the entrance surface 2 at the center of the entrance surface 2 and intersects the exit surface 3 at the center of the exit surface 3 .
- the shape of the entrance surface 2 and the shape of the exit surface 3 are different. Therefore, the electromagnetic field distribution of the incident wave I and the electromagnetic field distribution of the emitted wave E can be made different, or the beam radius of the incident wave I and the beam radius of the emitted wave E can be made different.
- the incident wave I and the emitted wave E preferably have different electromagnetic field intensity distributions. Thereby, the characteristic of the emitted wave E can be made different from that of the incident wave I.
- FIG. 1 the incident wave I and the emitted wave E preferably have different electromagnetic field intensity distributions.
- the electromagnetic field strength distribution of the incident wave I and the emitted wave E is made different, if the electromagnetic field strength distribution of the incident wave I is uniform in the direction orthogonal to the imaginary straight line S, the electromagnetic field strength distribution of the emitted wave E is is preferably sparse as the distance from the virtual straight line S increases.
- the electromagnetic waves emitted from the outer edge of the emission surface 3 tend to become spherical waves, and the spherical waves tend to cause generation of unnecessary electromagnetic waves such as side lobes due to interference.
- the electromagnetic field intensity distribution of the emitted wave E becomes more sparse as it moves away from the imaginary straight line S
- the electromagnetic field intensity distribution of the electromagnetic wave emitted from the outer edge of the emission surface 3 becomes lower, so that side lobes are less likely to occur.
- the beam radius of the incident wave I and the beam radius of the outgoing wave E are preferably different from each other.
- the directivity of the emitted wave E can be made different from that of the incident wave I.
- FIG. That is, when the beam radius of the emitted wave E is larger than the beam radius of the incident wave I, the directivity of the emitted wave E can be made higher than that of the incident wave I, and the beam radius of the emitted wave E is larger than the beam radius of the incident wave I. If it is small, the directivity of the emitted wave E can be made lower than that of the incident wave I.
- n be the refractive index of the dielectric lens 1 .
- a coordinate plane is defined with an axis passing through the virtual straight line S as the z-axis and an arbitrary axis perpendicular to the z-axis as the x-axis.
- the z-axis coordinate value of the intersection of the z-axis and the entrance surface 2 is z c1
- the z-axis coordinate value of the intersection of the z-axis and the exit surface 3 is z c2 .
- the coordinates (z 1 (r), r) on the entrance surface 2 at the x-axis coordinate value of r and the coordinates (z 2 (R), r) on the exit surface 3 at the x-coordinate value of R R) preferably satisfies the following formula.
- the coordinates (z 1 (r), r) and the coordinates (z 2 (R), R) are such that the portion of the incident wave I incident on the coordinates (z 1 (r), r) corresponds to the coordinates (z 2 (R) , R) as part of the outgoing wave E, where R is denoted by R(r), which is a function of r.
- zc1 is the z-axis coordinate value of the intersection of the z-axis and the entrance surface 2
- zc2 is the z-axis coordinate value of the intersection of the z-axis and the exit surface 3.
- P 1 (r) is a function that indicates the electromagnetic field intensity distribution of the incident wave I at a position on the coordinate plane whose x-axis coordinate value is r
- P 2 (R) is a function that indicates the x-axis coordinate value of R on the coordinate plane.
- 0 ⁇ r ⁇ r max and 0 ⁇ R ⁇ R max are examples of the electromagnetic field intensity distribution of the emitted wave E at a position.
- r max is the radius of the entrance surface 2 and R max is the radius of the exit surface 3 .
- Both r max and R max are preferably twice the wavelength of the incident wave I in vacuum or larger.
- ⁇ (r) is an auxiliary variable and is a function indicating the angle of refraction when the incident wave I enters the dielectric lens 1 from the incident surface 2 at the position where the x-axis coordinate value on the coordinate plane is r.
- ⁇ (0) is zero. Note that the optical model in FIG. 2 does not accurately represent the shape of the dielectric lens 1 .
- Equation 1 uses the coordinate system described above and various quantities expressed on the coordinate system to obtain the law of refraction (Snell's law) at the entrance surface 2 and the exit surface 3, This is derived independently by the inventor by expressing the law of conservation of energy for electromagnetic waves and the law of constant optical path length in the category of geometrical optics.
- the law of refraction is expressed by a first-order differential equation of z 1 (r) and z 2 (R). Therefore, if various quantities other than z 1 (r) and z 2 (R) are given as initial conditions, the undetermined functions z 1 (r) and z 2 (R) can be derived from four independent equations as can decide.
- the material of the dielectric lens 1 is fluororesin (polytetrafluoroethylene) with a dielectric constant of 2.0, and the frequency of the dielectric lens 1 is 79 GHz ( That is, when used to convert an incident wave I whose wavelength in vacuum is 3.8 mm), the shape of each of the entrance surface 2 and the exit surface 3 has, in the direction along the imaginary straight line S, A dimensional error of -3.8/16/2.0 1/2 mm or more and 3.8/16/2.0 1/2 mm or less, that is, -0.17 mm or more and 0.17 mm or less is allowed.
- the value of the electromagnetic field strength distribution of the emitted wave E represented by the function of P 2 (R) is defined so as to decrease as the value of R increases.
- the electromagnetic field strength distribution represented by the function of P 2 (R) preferably has a Gaussian distribution.
- the electromagnetic field intensity distribution of the emitted wave E becomes more sparse as it moves away from the imaginary straight line S, so side lobes are less likely to occur.
- P 1 (r) and P 2 (R) can be freely set by the designer. Directivity (gain) can be enhanced while suppressing side lobes by using a sharpened electromagnetic field intensity distribution.
- the value of r max and the value of R max described above have a relationship of, for example, r max ⁇ R max .
- the beam radius of the outgoing wave E is larger than the beam radius of the incident wave I, so that the dielectric lens 1 can enhance the directivity of the outgoing wave E, that is, increase the gain.
- the value of r max and the value of R max may have a relationship of r max >R max .
- the beam radius of the emitted wave E is smaller than the beam radius of the incident wave I, so that the dielectric lens 1 can reduce the directivity of the emitted wave E.
- the antenna module 10 according to this embodiment will be described.
- the antenna module 10 includes a dielectric lens 1 and a radiator 4.
- Radiator 4 emits an electromagnetic wave, which is a plane wave, advances this electromagnetic wave in a direction along imaginary straight line S, and enters incident surface 2 of dielectric lens 1 .
- the electromagnetic wave emitted by the radiator 4 becomes the incident wave I described above.
- the radiator 4 has an antenna 5 that emits electromagnetic waves that are plane waves.
- Antenna 5 is, for example, an array antenna comprising a plurality of element antennas. Note that the configuration of the antenna 5 is not limited to an array antenna.
- the antenna 5 of the radiator 4 faces the incident surface 2 of the dielectric lens 1, and the center axis (optical axis) of the electromagnetic wave (incident wave I) emitted by the radiator 4 and the virtual It is arranged so that it overlaps with the straight line S.
- the entrance surface 2 and the exit surface 3 of the dielectric lens 1 have shapes defined by the above equations, for example.
- the electromagnetic field intensity distribution at the position where the x-axis coordinate value of the electromagnetic wave (incident wave I) emitted by the radiator 4 is r is represented by the function of P 1 (r) described above, and the beam of the incident wave I Preferably the radius is r max .
- the electromagnetic field intensity distribution at the position where the x-axis coordinate value of the output wave E emitted by the dielectric lens 1 is R is shown by the function of P 1 (R) described above, and the beam radius of the output wave E is Rmax .
- the dielectric lens 1 can change the characteristics of the electromagnetic wave, which is a plane wave, emitted by the radiator 4 while maintaining the plane wave.
- the antenna module 10 that emits a plane wave having desired characteristics can be realized simply by changing the shape of the dielectric lens 1 . That is, in the present embodiment, in the antenna module 10 including the radiator 4 that emits a plane wave, the antenna 5 of the radiator 4 is individually designed in order to obtain desired characteristics of the plane wave emitted by the antenna module 10. Even without it, the shape of the dielectric lens 1 may be designed.
- the dielectric lens 1 can also serve as a radome.
- the radome which is originally a part of the casing, can be given the function of changing the characteristics of the electromagnetic wave, which is a plane wave. Further, by changing the shape of the radome, it is possible to realize the antenna module 10 that emits a plane wave having desired characteristics.
- FIG. 3 is the distribution of the specific electromagnetic field intensity, which is the value obtained by dividing the electromagnetic field intensity on the plane of incidence by the electromagnetic field intensity at the intersection of the imaginary straight line and the plane of incidence.
- the specific electromagnetic field strength is a dimensionless quantity
- the specific electromagnetic field strength shown in FIG. 3 is shown in dB, so the specific electromagnetic field strength on the imaginary straight line is 0 dB.
- FIG. The specific electromagnetic field strength shown in FIG. 4 is indicated in dB.
- Polytetrafluoroethylene was selected as the dielectric material applied to the dielectric lens. Therefore, the dielectric constant ⁇ r of the dielectric material forming the dielectric lens was set to 1.96. Attenuation of electromagnetic waves due to dielectric loss is often a problem in high frequency bands above the millimeter wave band. Fluoroethylene is often used as a dielectric lens material.
- an antenna that has a circular aperture and emits electromagnetic waves with a uniform electromagnetic field intensity distribution is combined with the dielectric lens of this embodiment to reduce side lobes of electromagnetic waves (unnecessary radiated electromagnetic waves suppression) and high gain (narrow beam).
- the relative permittivity intensity distribution on the above exit surface was set.
- a circular aperture antenna with a uniform specific electromagnetic field strength distribution is easy to design and manufacture, while the specific electromagnetic field strength is -17 based on the maximum electromagnetic field strength of the main beam (electromagnetic waves emitted in the direction of the optical axis).
- Side lobes (unnecessary electromagnetic waves other than the main beam) higher than 0.6 dB are always generated. Therefore, communication systems that require unwanted radiation suppression with a sidelobe specific electromagnetic field strength of -17.6 dB or less ), an antenna that emits an electromagnetic wave with a uniform specific electromagnetic field strength cannot be used. It is necessary to correct electromagnetic waves by combining with a body lens.
- the aperture diameters of the entrance surface and the exit surface and the distance between the entrance surface and the exit surface are dimensionless numbers. Since it is a method in the geometrical optics domain, only the ratio of these three dimensions is important, and it is not necessary to set the actual size as an initial condition at the design stage according to [Equation 1]. Therefore, the aperture radius of the exit surface is set to 1 in the initial condition so that the dimensional ratio of each part to the aperture diameter of the entrance surface is easy to understand. It should be noted that the above three dimensions can be enlarged to the same scale and replaced with the actual size only after various antenna specifications having frequency dependence such as antenna gain actually required in the communication system are defined.
- FIG. 5 shows the shape of the dielectric lens identified by numerically solving the simultaneous differential equations constituting [Equation 1] by giving the above initial conditions to [Equation 1] and applying the Runge-Kutta method. show.
- both the shape of the entrance surface and the shape of the exit surface are aspherical.
- FIG. 5 also shows paths of electromagnetic waves obtained by ray tracing based on the shapes of the entrance surface and the exit surface. The electromagnetic wave is incident on the dielectric lens so that its optical axis passes through the center of the entrance surface and the center of the exit surface, that is, so that the optical axis of the electromagnetic wave overlaps the imaginary straight line S described above.
- the path of an electromagnetic wave is indicated by a plurality of lines indicating the traveling direction of the electromagnetic wave, and the density of these lines indicates the intensity of the electromagnetic wave. Since the incident wave set under the above initial conditions is a plane wave traveling in a direction parallel to the optical axis and having a uniform electromagnetic field intensity over the entire aperture surface, the path of the incident wave in FIG. are represented by equally spaced straight lines parallel to When the electromagnetic wave passes through the plane of incidence, the farther it is from the optical axis, the more it is refracted so that the beam diameter of the electromagnetic wave expands within the dielectric lens 1 .
- Electromagnetic waves (emitted waves) emitted from the emission surface are represented by parallel lines parallel to the optical axis, and the distance between the parallel lines increases with increasing distance from the optical axis. This indicates that the emitted wave is a plane wave that travels in a direction parallel to the optical axis, and that the specific electromagnetic field intensity of the emitted wave is attenuated as the distance from the optical axis increases.
- the dimensions of the dielectric lens are set as follows by enlarging the shape of the dielectric lens shown in FIG. 5 to the same scale. - Calculated frequency (frequency of electromagnetic waves): 79 GHz (wavelength 3.80 mm) - Incident surface diameter: 19 mm (5 times the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave) -Outgoing surface diameter: 36.1 mm (9.5 times the wavelength of electromagnetic waves) - Distance between incident surface and exit surface: 38 mm (10 times the wavelength of electromagnetic waves) - Electromagnetic field simulator used: Femtet 2020.1.2 64bit
- the diameter of the incident surface is defined, dimensions other than the diameter of the incident surface of the dielectric lens are uniquely determined from the initial conditions set in the design by [Equation 1].
- the diameter of the incident surface is selected as described above, taking into account the calculation time required for the electromagnetic field simulation and the aperture diameter of the dielectric lens in which geometrical optics, which is the basis of [Equation 1], is established.
- the larger the aperture diameter of the dielectric lens compared to the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave the more the geometrical optics and the behavior of the actual electromagnetic wave match.
- a dielectric lens with such a large aperture diameter requires a huge amount of time for electromagnetic field simulation because the analysis area becomes large.
- the diameter of the incident surface is set from these two contradictory viewpoints.
- FIG. 6 shows the electromagnetic field simulation results when electromagnetic waves pass through the dielectric lens under the above conditions.
- FIG. 6 shows that an electromagnetic wave, which is a plane wave with a uniform electric field intensity distribution and has parallel electric field vectors, is arranged such that the optical axis of this electromagnetic wave passes through the center of the incident surface and the center of the exit surface, that is, the optical axis is the above-mentioned imaginary straight line.
- the electromagnetic wave is refracted at the entrance surface and then refracted at the exit surface.
- the optical axis coincides with the lower side of FIG.
- the shading shown in FIG. 6 indicates the intensity of the electromagnetic field intensity, and the whiter the intensity, the stronger the electromagnetic field intensity.
- FIG. 7 and 8 show the specific electromagnetic field intensity distribution extracted from the electromagnetic field simulation results of FIG. 7 shows the specific electromagnetic field intensity distribution of the emitted wave on the axis along the right side of FIG. 6, and FIG. 8 shows the specific electromagnetic field intensity distribution of the incident wave on the axis along the left side of FIG.
- the horizontal axis indicates the distance from the optical axis when the radius of the exit surface is 1.
- Circles in FIG. 7 indicate the specific electromagnetic field intensity calculated by the electromagnetic field simulation.
- the modified curved surface method refers to the dielectric lens design method in this embodiment using [Equation 1].
- the shapes of the entrance surface and the exit surface were designed without considering reflection attenuation on each of the entrance surface and the exit surface. 4.
- the result of correcting the pseudo-Taylor distribution considering return loss should be compared with the specific electromagnetic field strength calculated by the electromagnetic field simulation.
- the horizontal axis indicates the distance from the optical axis when the radius of the incident surface is 1.
- Circles in FIG. 8 indicate the specific electromagnetic field intensity calculated by the electromagnetic field simulation.
- a solid line in FIG. 8 indicates a uniform specific electromagnetic field intensity distribution set as an initial condition.
- the dielectric lens (1) has an entrance surface (2) and an exit surface (3) opposite to the entrance surface (2). and Each of the entrance surface (2) and the exit surface (3) is curved and rotationally symmetrical about an imaginary straight line (S) that intersects both the entrance surface (2) and the exit surface (3).
- the entrance surface (2) and the exit surface (3) do not have the same shape.
- the dielectric lens (1) can change the characteristics of the electromagnetic wave, which is a plane wave, while maintaining the plane wave.
- the electromagnetic waves incident on the entrance surface (2) and the electromagnetic waves emitted from the exit surface (3) have different electromagnetic field intensity distributions.
- the electromagnetic wave emitted from the emission surface (3) can be made different from the electromagnetic wave incident on the incidence surface (2).
- the beam radius of the electromagnetic wave incident on the entrance surface (2) and the beam radius of the electromagnetic wave emitted from the exit surface (3) are mutually different.
- the directivity of the electromagnetic wave emitted from the emission surface (3) can be made different from the electromagnetic wave incident on the incidence surface (2).
- the electromagnetic field intensity distribution of the electromagnetic waves incident on the incident surface (2) is uniform in a direction orthogonal to the virtual straight line (S)
- the electromagnetic field intensity distribution of the electromagnetic waves emitted from the emission surface (3) becomes sparse as the distance from the imaginary straight line (S) increases.
- the electromagnetic field strength distribution of the electromagnetic waves emitted from the outer edge of the emission surface (3) is low, and therefore side lobes are less likely to occur.
- the refractive index of the dielectric lens (1) is n
- the axis passing through the imaginary straight line (S) is the z-axis and the z-axis
- the coordinates (z 1 (r), r) on the incident surface (2) at the x-axis coordinate value r on the coordinate plane, and the x-coordinate Coordinates (z 2 (R), R) on exit surface (3) with value R satisfy the following equation.
- R is represented by R(r) which is a function of r.
- z c1 is the z-axis coordinate value of the intersection of the z-axis and the entrance surface (2)
- z c2 is the z-axis coordinate value of the intersection of the z-axis and the exit surface (3)
- P 1 (r ) is a function that indicates the electromagnetic field intensity distribution of the electromagnetic wave incident on the plane of incidence (2) at the position where the x-axis coordinate value on the coordinate plane is r
- P 2 (R) is the x-axis coordinate value on the coordinate plane that is R is a function showing the electromagnetic field intensity distribution of an electromagnetic wave emitted from the emission surface (3) at a position where 0 ⁇ r ⁇ rmax and 0 ⁇ R ⁇ Rmax .
- ⁇ (r) is an auxiliary variable and indicates a refraction angle when an electromagnetic wave enters the dielectric lens (1) from the plane of incidence (2) at a position where the x-axis coordinate value on the coordinate plane is r. function and ⁇ (0) is zero.
- a dielectric lens (1) that can change the characteristics of an electromagnetic wave that is a plane wave while maintaining the plane wave.
- An antenna module (10) includes the dielectric lens (1) according to any one of the first to fifth aspects, and an electromagnetic wave that is a plane wave, and a virtual straight line (S) a radiator (4) traveling in a direction along and incident on the entrance surface (2).
- the dielectric lens (1) can change the characteristics of the electromagnetic wave, which is a plane wave emitted by the radiator (4), while maintaining the plane wave.
- the dielectric lens (1) also serves as the radome in the sixth aspect.
- the radome which is originally a part of the casing, can be given the function of changing the characteristics of the electromagnetic wave, which is a plane wave.
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Abstract
Description
-誘電体レンズを構成する物質の誘電率(εr):1.96
-入射面の形状:円形
-入射面の開口径(2×rmax):2
-出射面の形状:円形
-出射面の開口径(2×Rmax):3.8
-仮想直線と入射面との交点と、仮想直線と出射面との交点との間の距離:2.0
-入射波の電磁界強度分布:図3に示す均一分布。なお、図3に示す分布は、入射面上の電磁界強度を、仮想直線と入射面と交点における電磁界強度で除した値である比電磁界強度の分布である。比電磁界強度は無次元量であるが、図3に示す比電磁界強度は、dBで示されており、そのため、仮想直線上の比電磁界強度は0dBとなっている。
-出射波の電磁界強度分布:図4に示す、-30dB n=4 pseudo Taylor分布。なお、図4は、出射面3上の電磁界強度を、仮想直線と出射面3との交点での電磁界強度で除した値である比電磁界強度の分布である。図4に示す比電磁界強度は、dBで示されている。
-計算周波数(電磁波の周波数):79GHz(波長3.80mm)
-入射面の径:19mm(電磁波の波長の5倍)
-出射面の径:36.1mm(電磁波の波長の9.5倍)
-入射面と出射面との距離:38mm(電磁波の波長の10倍)
-使用した電磁界シミュレーター:Femtet 2020.1.2 64bit
2 入射面
3 出射面
4 放射器
5 アンテナ
Claims (8)
- 入射面と、前記入射面とは反対側にある出射面とを有し、
前記入射面と前記出射面との各々は、曲面であり、かつ前記入射面及び前記出射面のいずれとも交差する仮想直線を中心に回転対称であり、
前記入射面と前記出射面とは、互いに同一の形状ではなく、
平面波である電磁波を前記仮想直線に沿った方向に進行させて前記入射面へ入射した場合に、前記出射面から平面波である電磁波が出射される、
誘電体レンズ。 - 前記入射面へ入射される電磁波と、前記出射面から出射される電磁波とは、互いに異なる電磁界強度分布を有する、
請求項1に記載の誘電体レンズ。 - 前記入射面へ入射される電磁波のビーム半径と、前記出射面から出射される電磁波のビーム半径とは、互いに異なる、
請求項1又は2に記載の誘電体レンズ。 - 前記入射面に入射する電磁波の電磁界強度分布が前記仮想直線と直交する方向に均一である場合に、前記出射面から出射する電磁波の電磁界強度分布は、前記仮想直線から離れるほど疎になる、
請求項1又は2に記載の誘電体レンズ。 - 前記入射面に入射する電磁波の電磁界強度分布が前記仮想直線と直交する方向に均一である場合に、前記出射面から出射する電磁波の電磁界強度分布は、前記仮想直線から離れるほど疎になる、
請求項3に記載の誘電体レンズ。 - 前記誘電体レンズの屈折率がnであり、
前記仮想直線を通る軸をz軸、前記z軸と直交する任意の軸をx軸とする座標平面を規定すると、
前記座標平面における、x軸座標値がrでの前記入射面上の座標(z1(r)、r)と、x座標値がRでの前記出射面上の座標(z2(R)、R)とが、下記式を満足し、ただし、Rはrの関数であるR(r)で示され、
zc1はz軸と前記入射面との交点のz軸座標値、zc2はz軸と前記出射面との交点のz軸座標値であり、
P1(r)は前記座標平面上のx軸座標値がrである位置における前記入射面に入射する電磁波の電磁界強度分布を示す関数、P2(R)は前記座標平面上のx軸座標値がRである位置における前記出射面から出射する電磁波の電磁界強度分布を示す関数であり、ただし、0≦r≦rmax、かつ0≦R≦Rmaxであり、
φ(r)は補助変数であって、前記座標平面上のx軸座標値がrである位置における、前記入射面から前記誘電体レンズ内に電磁波が入射した場合の屈折角を示す関数であり、かつφ(0)は0である、
請求項1に記載の誘電体レンズ。 - 請求項1又は6に記載の誘電体レンズと、
平面波である電磁波を発し、前記仮想直線に沿った方向に進行させて前記入射面へ入射する放射器とを備える、
アンテナモジュール。 - 前記誘電体レンズがレドームを兼ねる、
請求項7に記載のアンテナモジュール。
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Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPS60129703A (ja) * | 1983-12-16 | 1985-07-11 | Toyota Central Res & Dev Lab Inc | 光学装置用非球面レンズ |
JPH04362608A (ja) * | 1991-06-11 | 1992-12-15 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | ビームエキスパンダーとそれを用いた光ヘッド |
JP2006081771A (ja) * | 2004-09-17 | 2006-03-30 | Canon Inc | 電磁波を用いた生物体に関する情報の推定方法および装置 |
JP2014206740A (ja) * | 2013-04-11 | 2014-10-30 | アスフェリコン ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング | 屈折式ビーム整形器 |
JP2020060484A (ja) * | 2018-10-11 | 2020-04-16 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | レーダ装置 |
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JPS60129703A (ja) * | 1983-12-16 | 1985-07-11 | Toyota Central Res & Dev Lab Inc | 光学装置用非球面レンズ |
JPH04362608A (ja) * | 1991-06-11 | 1992-12-15 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | ビームエキスパンダーとそれを用いた光ヘッド |
JP2006081771A (ja) * | 2004-09-17 | 2006-03-30 | Canon Inc | 電磁波を用いた生物体に関する情報の推定方法および装置 |
JP2014206740A (ja) * | 2013-04-11 | 2014-10-30 | アスフェリコン ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング | 屈折式ビーム整形器 |
JP2020060484A (ja) * | 2018-10-11 | 2020-04-16 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | レーダ装置 |
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