WO2022269379A1 - Procédé de réglage automatique d'un système de chauffage par résonance cyclotron ionique d'un réacteur thermonucléaire - Google Patents

Procédé de réglage automatique d'un système de chauffage par résonance cyclotron ionique d'un réacteur thermonucléaire Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022269379A1
WO2022269379A1 PCT/IB2022/054371 IB2022054371W WO2022269379A1 WO 2022269379 A1 WO2022269379 A1 WO 2022269379A1 IB 2022054371 W IB2022054371 W IB 2022054371W WO 2022269379 A1 WO2022269379 A1 WO 2022269379A1
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Prior art keywords
ports
output
excitations
port
tuning
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PCT/IB2022/054371
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English (en)
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Frederic Broyde
Evelyne Clavelier
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Excem
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Publication of WO2022269379A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022269379A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
    • H03H7/00—Multiple-port networks comprising only passive electrical elements as network components
    • H03H7/38—Impedance-matching networks
    • H03H7/40—Automatic matching of load impedance to source impedance
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21B—FUSION REACTORS
    • G21B1/00—Thermonuclear fusion reactors
    • G21B1/11—Details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/02—Transmitters
    • H04B1/04—Circuits
    • H04B1/0458—Arrangements for matching and coupling between power amplifier and antenna or between amplifying stages
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/10—Nuclear fusion reactors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for automatically adjusting an ion cyclotron resonance heating system of a thermonuclear reactor.
  • the invention also relates to a thermonuclear reactor implementing this method.
  • Coupled always refers to an electric coupling.
  • “coupled” may indicate that the items are directly coupled, that is to say connected to (or, equivalently, in electric contact with) one another, or that the items are indirectly coupled, in which case an electric interaction different from direct coupling exists between the items, for instance through one or more components.
  • Coupled When applied to two multi-terminal items, such as ports, connectors, etc, “coupled” may indicate that the items are directly coupled, in which case each terminal of one of the items is directly coupled to one and only one terminal of the other item, or that the items are indirectly coupled, in which case an electric interaction different from direct coupling exists between the terminals of the items, for instance through one or more components.
  • Ion cyclotron resonance heating also called “ICRH” or “ion cyclotron radio-frequency heating” is referred to as “chauffage a resonance cyclotronique ionique” or “chauffage cyclotronique ionique” in French.
  • Ion cyclotron resonance heating is one of the standard plasma heating techniques used in thermonuclear reactors based on a magnetic confinement of the hot plasma (these thermonuclear reactors are usually referred to as “tokamaks”).
  • An ion cyclotron resonance heating system may for instance operate in the 35 MHz to 65 MHz frequency range.
  • each radio-frequency amplifier sees an optimal or almost optimal load, for any behaviour of the plasma, except, possibly, if an edge localized mode (also referred to as ELM) occurs in the vacuum chamber of the thermonuclear reactor.
  • ELM edge localized mode
  • the ion cyclotron resonance heating system may comprise: an antenna, the antenna having n ports each referred to as “signal port”, where n is an integer greater than or equal to 2, the antenna allowing, at a given frequency, a transfer of power from the n signal ports to an electromagnetic field produced by the antenna in a vacuum chamber of the thermonuclear reactor; a multiple-input-port and multiple-output-port tuning unit having m input ports and n output ports, where m is an integer greater than or equal to 2, the multiple-input-port and multiple-output-port tuning unit comprising p adjustable impedance devices, where p is an integer greater than or equal to m, the p adjustable impedance devices being referred to as the “adjustable impedance devices of the tuning unit” and being such that, at the given frequency, each of the adjustable impedance devices of the tuning unit has a reactance, the reactance of any
  • thermonuclear reactor further comprises a plurality of sensing units installed at different places in the ion cyclotron resonance heating system, each of the sensing units comprising a directional coupler used to sense two electrical variables in the ion cyclotron resonance heating system, to obtain “sensing unit output signals”, each of the sensing unit output signals being mainly determined by one of the electrical variables sensed in the ion cyclotron resonance heating system.
  • thermonuclear reactor is characterized in that, a “selected frequency” being chosen, one applies m excitations to the m input ports, one and only one of the excitations being applied to each of the input ports, each of the excitations being an unmodulated carrier having a frequency which is equal to the selected frequency.
  • the sensing unit output signals are used to automatically adjust the ion cyclotron resonance heating system, by utilizing an extremum-seeking control algorithm which adjusts, by electrical means, the reactance of one or more of the adjustable impedance devices of the tuning unit, to get closer to an extremum of a performance variable, the performance variable being a real function of the sensing unit output signals.
  • This type of control system is slow.
  • the prior art does not teach a fast and accurate method for automatically adjusting the ion cyclotron resonance heating system of the thermonuclear reactor.
  • radio-frequency power must be wasted in loads (sometimes referred to as “dummy loads”) whenever the adjustment is not correct, and/or the high-power radio-frequency amplifiers must permanently operate at a reduced output power, compared to their theoretical maximum output power.
  • thermonuclear reactor a method for automatically adjusting an ion cyclotron resonance heating system of a thermonuclear reactor, which maximizes the power that the ion cyclotron resonance heating system can deliver to the plasma existing in the vacuum chamber of the thermonuclear reactor.
  • the purpose of the invention is a method for automatically adjusting an ion cyclotron resonance heating system of a thermonuclear reactor, which maximizes the power that the ion cyclotron resonance heating system can deliver to the plasma existing in the vacuum chamber of the thermonuclear reactor.
  • the method of the invention is a method for automatically adjusting an ion cyclotron resonance heating system of a thermonuclear reactor, the ion cyclotron resonance heating system comprising a tunable antenna and a multiple-input-port and multiple-output-port tuning unit, the tunable antenna having n ports each referred to as “signal port”, where n is an integer greater than or equal to 2, the tunable antenna allowing, at a given frequency, a transfer of power from the n signal ports to an electromagnetic field produced by the tunable antenna in a vacuum chamber of the thermonuclear reactor, the tunable antenna comprising at least one antenna control device having at least one antenna control device parameter, said at least one antenna control device parameter having an effect on one or more characteristics of the tunable antenna, said at least one antenna control device parameter being adjustable by electrical means, the multiple-input-port and multiple-output-port tuning unit having m input ports and n output ports, where m is an integer greater than or equal to 2, the multiple-
  • Said multiple-input-port and multiple-output-port tuning unit comprises m input ports and n output ports. It is assumed that said multiple-input-port and multiple-output-port tuning unit behaves, at said given frequency, with respect to its input ports and output ports, substantially as a passive linear device, where “passive” is used in the meaning of circuit theory. More precisely, said multiple-input-port and multiple-output-port tuning unit normally behaves, at said given frequency, with respect to the n output ports and the m input ports, substantially as a passive linear (n + m)- port device.
  • one or more of the q tuning parameters may be substantially proportional to the absolute value, or the phase, or the real part, or the imaginary part of an entry of said impedance matrix seen by the output ports, or of an entry of the inverse of said impedance matrix seen by the output ports (this inverse being an admittance matrix seen by the output ports), or of an entry of a scattering matrix seen by the output ports.
  • an impedance matrix presented by the input ports depends on said impedance matrix seen by the output ports. Consequently, one or more of the q tuning parameters may for instance be substantially proportional to the absolute value, or the phase, or the real part, or the imaginary part of an entry of said impedance matrix presented by the input ports, or of an entry of the inverse of said impedance matrix presented by the input ports (this inverse being an admittance matrix presented by the input ports), or of an entry of a scattering matrix presented by the input ports.
  • said m complex envelopes are such that the influence of any one of the excitations on each of at least m of the electrical variables can be determined from the knowledge of said m complex envelopes and of the sensing unit output signals.
  • the electrical variables means “the m or more electrical variables sensed at said m or more places in the ion cyclotron resonance heating system”
  • can be determined means “can be determined with a sufficient accuracy, for instance a relative accuracy less than 5 per cent, or less than 1 per cent”.
  • the method of the invention further comprises the step of using one or more of the sensing unit output signals, to activate one or more warning signals if the presence of an edge localized mode is suspected or detected in the vacuum chamber of the thermonuclear reactor.
  • the method of the invention further comprises the step of reducing a power of the excitations, for a given time, if one of the one or more warning signals has been activated; and it is possible that the reactance of one or more of the adjustable impedance devices of the tuning unit is adjusted as a function of the q tuning parameters and as a function of the possible activation of one or more of the one or more warning signals.
  • an average power of the excitations does not vary over time, if there is no activation of one of the one or more warning signals.
  • each of the excitations is an amplitude modulated carrier, the modulation factor being for instance less than or equal to 4 percent for each of the excitations.
  • Such a modulation can be used to obtain that said m complex envelopes are linearly independent in the set of complex functions of one real variable, and that an average power of the excitations does not vary over time, if there is no activation of one of the one or more warning signals.
  • each of the excitations is a phase modulated carrier, the phase variation produced by the modulation being for instance less than or equal to 5 degree for each of the excitations.
  • Such a modulation can be used to obtain that said m complex envelopes are linearly independent in the set of complex functions of one real variable, and that an average power of the excitations does not vary over time, if there is no activation of one of the one or more warning signals.
  • a numerical model is utilized in the step of adjusting, by electrical means, the reactance of one or more of the adjustable impedance devices of the tuning unit, as a function of the q tuning parameters.
  • An apparatus implementing the method of the invention is a thermonuclear reactor comprising an ion cyclotron resonance heating system, the ion cyclotron resonance heating system comprising: a tunable antenna, the tunable antenna having n ports each referred to as “signal port”, where n is an integer greater than or equal to 2, the tunable antenna allowing, at a given frequency, a transfer of power from the n signal ports to an electromagnetic field produced by the tunable antenna in a vacuum chamber of the thermonuclear reactor, the tunable antenna comprising at least one antenna control device having at least one antenna control device parameter, said at least one antenna control device parameter having an effect on one or more characteristics of the tunable antenna, said at least one antenna control device parameter being adjustable by electrical means; and a multiple-input-port and multiple-output-port tuning unit having m input ports and n output ports, where m is an integer greater than or equal to 2, the multiple-input-port and multiple-output-port tuning unit comprising p
  • a numerical model is utilized for adjusting, by electrical means, the reactance of one or more of the adjustable impedance devices of the tuning unit, as a function of the q tuning parameters.
  • Figure 1 shows a block diagram of an ion cyclotron resonance heating system of a thermonuclear reactor of the invention (first and second embodiments); and Figure 2 shows a block diagram of an ion cyclotron resonance heating system of a thermonuclear reactor of the invention (third embodiment).
  • An average power of the excitations does not vary over time.
  • Each of the excitations is a bandpass signal (in French: “signal pass-bande”). This type of signal is sometimes improperly referred to as “passband signal” or “narrow-band signal” (in French: “signal a bande etroite”).
  • a bandpass signal is any real signal s(t), where t denotes the time, such that the spectrum of v(/) is included in a frequency interval [f c - W/2,f c + IV/ 2], where f c is a frequency referred to as “carrier frequency” and IT is a frequency referred to as “bandwidth”, which satisfies W ⁇ 2 f c .
  • the Fourier transform of v(/), denoted by S(f), is non-negligible only in the frequency intervals ⁇ -f c - W/2, -f c + W/2 ⁇ and ⁇ f c - W/2,f c + W/2]
  • the real part of 3 ⁇ 4(/) is referred to as the in-phase component, and the imaginary part of 3 ⁇ 4(/) is referred to as the quadrature component.
  • the specialist knows that the bandpass signal s(/) may for instance be obtained: - as the result of a phase and amplitude modulation of a single carrier at the frequency f c ;
  • first signal being the product of the in-phase component and a first sinusoidal carrier of frequency f c
  • second signal being the product of the quadrature component and a second sinusoidal carrier of frequency f c
  • the second sinusoidal carrier being 90° out of phase with respect to the first sinusoidal carrier
  • the frequency interval ⁇ f c - W12,f c + W/2 ⁇ is a passband of the bandpass signal. From the definitions, it is clear that, for a given bandpass signal, several choices of carrier frequency f c and of bandwidth W are possible, so that the passband of the bandpass signal is not uniquely defined. However, any passband of the bandpass signal must contain any frequency at which the spectrum of s(/) is not negligible.
  • the complex envelope of the real signal v(/) clearly depends on the choice of a carrier frequency f c .
  • the complex envelope of the real signal .s (7) is uniquely defined, for a given choice of the real constant k.
  • Each of said m excitations is a bandpass signal having a passband which contains the selected frequency.
  • the selected frequency being considered as the carrier frequency
  • each of the excitations has one and only one complex envelope, the m complex envelopes of the m excitations being linearly independent in E, where E is the set of complex functions of one real variable, regarded as a vector space over the field of complex numbers.
  • the q tuning parameters are sufficient to allow a determination of an impedance matrix presented by the input ports (which depends on the impedance matrix seen by the output ports).
  • the wording “are sufficient to allow a determination of an impedance matrix presented by the input ports” does not imply that an impedance matrix presented by the input ports is determined, but it is possible that an impedance matrix presented by the input ports is determined.
  • the information carried by the sensing unit output signals must be sufficient to allow the signal generation and control unit to estimate the q tuning parameters.
  • the sensing units may for instance be such that, for any one of the input ports, the sensing unit output signals comprise: a first sensing unit output signal proportional to a first electrical variable, the first electrical variable being a voltage across said any one of the input ports; and a second sensing unit output signal proportional to a second electrical variable, the second electrical variable being a current flowing in said any one of the input ports.
  • Said voltage across said any one of the input ports may be a complex voltage and said current flowing in said any one of the input ports may be a complex current.
  • the sensing units may for instance be such that, for any one of the input ports, the sensing unit output signals comprise: a first sensing unit output signal proportional to a first electrical variable, the first electrical variable being an incident voltage (which may also be referred to as “forward voltage”) at said any one of the input ports; and a second sensing unit output signal proportional to a second electrical variable, the second electrical variable being a reflected voltage at said any one of the input ports.
  • Said incident voltage at said any one of the input ports may be a complex incident voltage and said reflected voltage at said any one of the input ports may be a complex reflected voltage.
  • the specialist understands how such sensing unit output signals can be processed to for instance obtain that the 2 m 2 tuning parameters describe an impedance matrix presented by the input ports (for instance, m 2 tuning parameters being each a real number proportional to the real part of an entry of this impedance matrix, and m 2 tuning parameters being each a real number proportional to the imaginary part of an entry of this impedance matrix), or to for instance obtain that the 2 m 2 tuning parameters describe a scattering matrix presented by the input ports (for instance, m 2 tuning parameters being each a real number proportional to the absolute value of an entry of this scattering matrix, and m 2 tuning parameters being each a real number proportional to a phase of an entry of this scattering matrix).
  • the 2 m 2 tuning parameters describe an impedance matrix presented by the input ports (for instance, m 2 tuning parameters being each a real number proportional to the real part of an entry of this impedance matrix, and m 2 tuning parameters being each a real number proportional to the imaginary part of an entry of this impedance
  • open-loop control means control which does not utilize a measurement of the controlled variable
  • closed-loop control means control in which the control action is made to depend on a measurement of the controlled variable
  • the nominal reactance of each of the adjustable impedance devices of the tuning unit is, at a given point in time, determined by the signal generation and control unit as a function of a “tuning unit adjustment instruction”, which is generated inside the signal generation and control unit.
  • a new tuning unit adjustment instruction is generated repeatedly. For instance, a new tuning unit adjustment instruction may be generated periodically, for instance every 20 microseconds.
  • Each of the tuning unit adjustment instructions may be of any type of digital message.
  • Each of the tuning unit adjustment instructions is used by the signal generation and control unit to determine “tuning control signals”, which are delivered to the multiple-input-port and multiple-output-port tuning unit to control the reactances of the adjustable impedance devices of the tuning unit.
  • the ion cyclotron resonance heating system uses a closed-loop control scheme based on a model, in which at least one of the tuning unit adjustment instructions is determined as a function of: one or more quantities determined by the selected frequency; one or more variables determined by one or more of the previous tuning unit adjustment instructions; and the q tuning parameters.
  • the model is a numerical model which describes the effect of the tuning control signals on the reactances of the adjustable impedance devices of the tuning unit.
  • the numerical model may also be such that it takes into account the effect of one or more temperatures measured in the ion cyclotron resonance heating system, on the reactances of the adjustable impedance devices of the tuning unit.
  • thermonuclear reactor of the invention implements a very fast and very accurate method for automatically adjusting an ion cyclotron resonance heating system of a thermonuclear reactor.
  • the multiple-input-port and multiple-output-port tuning unit is such that it can provide, at said selected frequency, for suitable values of the tuning control signals, a low-loss transfer of power from the input ports to the output ports, it follows that the invention maximizes the power that the ion cyclotron resonance heating system can deliver to the plasma existing in the vacuum chamber of the thermonuclear reactor.
  • An antenna control device may be used to control one or more characteristics of a tunable antenna.
  • An antenna control device may for instance be:
  • a parameter of the antenna control device having an effect on one or more characteristics of the tunable antenna may be the state of the switch or change-over switch;
  • a parameter of the antenna control device having an effect on one or more characteristics of the tunable antenna may be the reactance or the impedance of the adjustable impedance device at a specified frequency;
  • a parameter of the antenna control device having an effect on one or more characteristics of the tunable antenna may be a length of the deformation.
  • the q tuning parameters are sufficient to allow a determination of the impedance matrix seen by the output ports.
  • the wording “are sufficient to allow a determination of the impedance matrix seen by the output ports” does not imply that the impedance matrix seen by the output ports is determined, but it is possible that the impedance matrix seen by the output ports is determined.
  • the information carried by the sensing unit output signals must be sufficient to allow the signal generation and control unit to estimate the q tuning parameters.
  • the sensing units may for instance be such that, for any one of the output ports, the sensing unit output signals comprise: a first sensing unit output signal proportional to a first electrical variable, the first electrical variable being a voltage across said any one of the output ports; and a second sensing unit output signal proportional to a second electrical variable, the second electrical variable being a current flowing out of said any one of the output ports.
  • Said voltage across said any one of the output ports may be a complex voltage and said current flowing out of said any one of the output ports may be a complex current.
  • the sensing units may for instance be such that, for any one of the output ports, the sensing unit output signals comprise: a first sensing unit output signal proportional to a first electrical variable, the first electrical variable being an incident voltage (which may also be referred to as “forward voltage”) at said any one of the output ports; and a second sensing unit output signal proportional to a second electrical variable, the second electrical variable being a reflected voltage at said any one of the output ports.
  • Said incident voltage at said any one of the output ports maybe a complex incident voltage and said reflected voltage at said any one of the output ports may be a complex reflected voltage.
  • the specialist understands how such sensing unit output signals can be processed to for instance obtain that the 2 n 2 tuning parameters describe an impedance matrix seen by the output ports, or to for instance obtain that the 2 n 2 tuning parameters describe a scattering matrix seen by the output ports.
  • suitable explanations are provided in Appendix C of said article entitled “A Typology of Antenna Tuner Control Schemes, for One or More Antennas”.
  • the nominal reactance of each of the adjustable impedance devices of the tuning unit is, at a given point in time, determined by the signal generation and control unit as a function of a “tuning unit adjustment instruction”, which is generated inside the signal generation and control unit.
  • a new tuning unit adjustment instruction is generated repeatedly.
  • the specialist knows how the sensing unit output signals can be used to detect the presence of an edge localized mode in the vacuum chamber of the thermonuclear reactor, for instance based on the presence of fast and large variations of reflection coefficients.
  • the ion cyclotron resonance heating system uses an open-loop control scheme, this control scheme being consequently based on a model.
  • the open-loop control scheme is such that: if one of the one or more warning signals is activated, then no new tuning unit adjustment instruction is generated; and if none of the one or more warning signals is activated, then a new tuning unit adjustment instruction is generated periodically, as a function of one or more quantities depending on the selected frequency, and as a function of the q tuning parameters.
  • the model is a numerical model which describes the effect of a tuning unit adjustment instruction on the reactances of the adjustable impedance devices of the tuning unit, and/or on the characteristics of the multiple-input-port and multiple-output-port tuning unit.
  • the numerical model may also be such that it takes into account the effect of one or more temperatures measured in the ion cyclotron resonance heating system, on the reactances of the adjustable impedance devices of the tuning unit, and/or on the characteristics of the multiple-input-port and multiple-output-port tuning unit.
  • thermonuclear reactor of the invention implements an accurate and very fast method for automatically adjusting an ion cyclotron resonance heating system of a thermonuclear reactor.
  • the multiple-input-port and multiple-output-port tuning unit is such that it can provide, at said selected frequency, for suitable adjustments of the reactances of the adjustable impedance devices of the tuning unit, a low-loss transfer of power from the input ports to the output ports, it follows that the invention maximizes the power that the ion cyclotron resonance heating system can deliver to the plasma existing in the vacuum chamber of the thermonuclear reactor.
  • thermonuclear reactor further comprising a signal generation and control unit (7), and being characterized in that: the signal generation and control unit selects a frequency referred to as the “selected frequency”, in the 35 MHz to 65 MHz frequency range; the signal generation and control unit adjusts, by electrical means, at least one of the one or more antenna control device parameters, as a function of the selected frequency, by utilizing a lookup table (also spelled “look-up table”); the signal generation and control unit delivers, to the high-power radio-frequency amplifiers, signals such that the high-power radio-frequency amplifiers are used to apply m excitations to the m input ports, one and only one of the excitations being applied to each of the input ports, each of the excitations being a bandpass signal having a carrier frequency and a complex envelope, the carrier frequency of said each of the excitations being equal to the selected frequency, the m complex envelopes of the m excitations being linearly independent in the set of complex functions of one real variable, regarded as
  • the q tuning parameters are sufficient to allow a determination of the impedance matrix seen by the output ports and a determination of an impedance matrix presented by the input ports.
  • the wording “are sufficient to allow a determination of the impedance matrix seen by the output ports and a determination of an impedance matrix presented by the input ports” does not imply that the impedance matrix seen by the output ports and/or an impedance matrix presented by the input ports are determined, but it is possible that the impedance matrix seen by the output ports and/or an impedance matrix presented by the input ports are determined.
  • the nominal reactance of each of the adjustable impedance devices of the tuning unit is, at a given point in time, determined by the signal generation and control unit as a function of a “tuning unit adjustment instruction”, which is generated inside the signal generation and control unit.
  • a new tuning unit adjustment instruction is generated repeatedly.
  • the ion cyclotron resonance heating system uses a model-based open-loop control scheme in which, if one of the one or more warning signals is activated, then no new tuning unit adjustment instruction is generated; and if none of the one or more warning signals is activated, then a new tuning unit adjustment instruction is generated periodically and as a function of: one or more quantities depending on the selected frequency; and a determination of the impedance matrix seen by the output ports, or any equivalent information (for instance, an admittance matrix seen by the output ports, a scattering matrix seen by the output ports, etc).
  • a slower extremum-seeking control algorithm is used to adjust the parameters of the model used by the model-based open-loop control scheme, to obtain a perfect adjustment of the ion cyclotron resonance heating system.
  • This extremum-seeking control algorithm adjusts these model parameters, to get closer to an extremum of a performance variable, the performance variable being a real function of the impedance matrix presented by the input ports, or of any equivalent information.
  • the specialist understands how this extremum-seeking control algorithm can be implemented.
  • the thermonuclear reactor of the invention implements a very fast and very accurate method for automatically adjusting an ion cyclotron resonance heating system of a thermonuclear reactor.
  • the multiple-input-port and multiple-output-port tuning unit is such that it can provide, at said selected frequency, for suitable adjustments of the reactances of the adjustable impedance devices of the tuning unit, a low-loss transfer of power from the input ports to the output ports, it follows that the invention maximizes the power that the ion cyclotron resonance heating system can deliver to the plasma existing in the vacuum chamber of the thermonuclear reactor.
  • each of the output ports is indirectly coupled to one and only one of the signal ports through a transmission line, but this is not at all a characteristic of the invention.
  • each of the input ports is indirectly coupled to the output of one and only one radio-frequency amplifier through a transmission line, but this is not at all a characteristic of the invention.
  • the method of the invention is suitable for automatically adjusting an ion cyclotron resonance heating system of a thermonuclear reactor.
  • thermonuclear reactor may for instance be an experimental thermonuclear reactor, or a thermonuclear reactor of a power station or power plant. Since the invention maximizes the power that the ion cyclotron resonance heating system can deliver to the plasma existing in the vacuum chamber of the thermonuclear reactor, it improves the efficiency of the thermonuclear reactor.

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  • Constitution Of High-Frequency Heating (AREA)

Abstract

Un réacteur thermonucléaire de l'invention comprend un système de chauffage par résonance cyclotron ionique, le système de chauffage par résonance cyclotron ionique comprenant : une antenne accordable (1) ayant 4 ports de signal, l'antenne accordable permettant un transfert de puissance depuis ses ports de signal vers un champ électromagnétique produit dans une chambre à vide (2) ; un orifice à entrées multiples et une unité d'accord de port à sorties multiples (4) ayant 4 ports d'entrée et 4 ports de sortie, chacun des ports de sortie étant indirectement couplé à un et un seul des ports de signal par l'intermédiaire d'une ligne de transmission coaxiale (3) ; 4 amplificateurs radiofréquence à haute puissance (6), dont la sortie est couplée indirectement à un et un seul des 4 ports d'entrée par l'intermédiaire d'une ligne de transmission coaxiale (5) ; et une unité de génération et de commande de signal (7).
PCT/IB2022/054371 2021-08-12 2022-05-11 Procédé de réglage automatique d'un système de chauffage par résonance cyclotron ionique d'un réacteur thermonucléaire WO2022269379A1 (fr)

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FRFR2108661 2021-08-12
FR2108661A FR3118562B1 (fr) 2021-08-12 2021-08-12 Procédé pour réglage automatique d’un système de chauffage à résonance cyclotronique ionique d’un réacteur thermonucléaire

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