WO2022267298A1 - 一种利用辐照加热提高层间连接强度的3d打印系统及方法 - Google Patents

一种利用辐照加热提高层间连接强度的3d打印系统及方法 Download PDF

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WO2022267298A1
WO2022267298A1 PCT/CN2021/129412 CN2021129412W WO2022267298A1 WO 2022267298 A1 WO2022267298 A1 WO 2022267298A1 CN 2021129412 W CN2021129412 W CN 2021129412W WO 2022267298 A1 WO2022267298 A1 WO 2022267298A1
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printing
infrared lamp
layer
printing system
connection strength
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PCT/CN2021/129412
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李涤尘
孙海晁
鲁思伟
万坤
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西安交通大学
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/295—Heating elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
    • B29C64/118—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/205—Means for applying layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/205—Means for applying layers
    • B29C64/209—Heads; Nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of 3D printing, and in particular relates to a 3D printing system and method for improving interlayer connection strength by using radiation heating.
  • the most common low-cost printing method in the 3D printing method is the melt extrusion molding method.
  • the main process of the melt extrusion molding method is to heat the continuous filament through the nozzle to reach a semi-liquid state, and then extrude it on the platform or before A method on the print layer.
  • the main advantages of the melt extrusion method are its low cost, fast printing speed, and relatively simple printing process.
  • the printed parts are in the printing direction between layers.
  • the bonding force is obviously weaker than that of other directions, that is, for semi-crystalline polymer materials, after being heated and extruded by a heating block, the material cools rapidly and solidifies, so that the diffusion time of polymer molecular chains between adjacent layers is limited, and the layers and The materials between the layers cannot be well combined, resulting in the failure to guarantee the connection strength of the fused deposition material in the deposition direction, so that the mechanical properties of the printed part vary with the direction.
  • the common method to improve the interlayer connection strength of the melt extrusion molding method is to use laser for precise preheating, which mainly uses the heat generated by laser preheating to promote the movement of molecular chains and reduce the distance between the deposited layer and the printed layer.
  • the temperature difference makes the layer and layer form an effective bond and obtain a higher connection strength.
  • laser heating has good precision and high heating efficiency, the whole system is complex and costly; the most critical point is that when using laser for preheating, the relative position of the entire laser preheating device and the melt extrusion nozzle It remains unchanged, that is, the position of the laser preheating will not switch with the switching of the printing path.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a 3D printing system and method that utilizes radiation heating in melt extrusion molding to improve the interlayer connection strength in view of the deficiencies in the above-mentioned prior art, which can ensure that the printed The layer is preheated and the printing layer is insulated after printing, which effectively improves the interlayer connection strength of the printed part.
  • the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
  • a 3D printing system that utilizes irradiated heating to improve the connection strength between layers, including an infrared lamp tube, which is a ring structure, and is set on the nozzle of the printer through a fixing device.
  • the semi-crystalline polymer material used for printing is obtained from the infrared lamp tube.
  • the center is preheated, and the printed layer and the unprinted layer set on the substrate under the printer nozzle are heated twice through the infrared lamp.
  • the wavelength of the infrared lamp tube is 2.5-25 ⁇ m.
  • the power of the infrared lamp tube is 300-1000W.
  • a reflective layer is provided on the inner wall of the infrared lamp tube.
  • the reflective layer is made of gold or copper.
  • the fixing device is provided with a ring-shaped card seat, which can move up and down along the fixing device, and the infrared lamp is arranged on the card seat.
  • Another technical solution of the present invention is a 3D printing method for improving interlayer connection strength by irradiating heating, using the 3D printing system, comprising the following steps:
  • the infrared lamp first preheats the printed layer, and then starts printing. When the printer nozzle finishes printing at one point, the infrared lamp continues to heat the unprinted layer, and finally prints a test with good interlayer bonding strength. Sample.
  • step S1 the distance between the infrared lamp and the substrate is 10-20 cm.
  • step S2 the printing speed is 40-60mm/s, the layer thickness is 0.1-0.4mm, and the printing temperature is 200-420°C.
  • the preheating temperature of the printed layer is 100-200°C.
  • the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
  • the present invention is a 3D printing system that uses radiation heating to improve the connection strength between layers.
  • the infrared lamp tube is in a ring structure and is set on the printer nozzle through a fixing device.
  • the semi-crystalline high-melting point polymer material used for printing is drawn from the center of the infrared lamp tube.
  • the purpose of making the infrared tube into a ring and covering the 3D printing nozzle is to make the whole layer of material preheat evenly during the printing process, without being restricted by the printing direction.
  • the selection of the wavelength of the annular infrared lamp tube is determined according to the infrared spectrum diagram of the preheated material, and the degree of difficulty of different materials absorbing energy of different wavelengths.
  • setting the power of the infrared lamp to 300-1000W can soften different semi-crystalline polymer materials.
  • a reflective layer is provided on the inner wall of the lamp tube, which can improve the utilization rate of the infrared rays emitted by the lamp tube and avoid excessive consumption of energy.
  • the reflective layer is made of materials such as gold, copper, aluminum, etc., which can increase the reflectivity of infrared rays and effectively improve the utilization rate of infrared rays.
  • the ring-shaped holder can easily change the distance between the lamp tube and the base plate.
  • the present invention is a method for improving the connection strength between layers by using a ring-shaped heating lamp tube to preheat and heat-preserve printing materials during the printing process.
  • the ring-shaped heating tube can be used together with the printing nozzle No matter how the printing path changes, the printed layer can always be preheated before the next layer is printed, so that the temperature difference between the layers is reduced, which can effectively improve the connection strength between the layers; at the same time, when the nozzle squeezes After the filament is produced, the annular heating tube can still heat the newly printed filament to keep it warm for a period of time, and can effectively improve the connection between layers on the basis of the previous preheating.
  • the annular infrared lamp and the substrate should maintain a parallel relationship, and the wavelength of the infrared lamp is selected according to the infrared spectrum of the preheated material, which is conducive to the absorption of infrared rays by the material and reaches the required temperature in a short time.
  • the printing temperature, printing speed, and layer thickness are set.
  • the three have the greatest impact on the interlayer connection strength. Selecting appropriate parameters can obtain more ideal experimental results.
  • the preheating temperature is set to 100-200°C, so that the glass transition temperature of the semi-crystalline polymer material is generally within this range, and the semi-crystalline polymer material can be softened if the preheating temperature is higher than the glass transition temperature , to increase the entanglement between polymer molecular chains.
  • the present invention fixes the annular heating lamp on the nozzle and moves with the nozzle. No matter how the printing path changes, the printed layer can always be preheated before the next layer is printed, which effectively improves the gap between layers. At the same time, when the nozzle extrudes the filament, the annular heating tube can still heat the filament that has just been printed, and play a role of heat preservation for a period of time, which can effectively improve the interlayer on the basis of the previous preheating. connect.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection. Connected, or integrally connected; it can be mechanically connected or electrically connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary, and it can be the internal communication of two components. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention in specific situations.
  • the invention provides a method for improving the interlayer connection strength by using radiation heating, comprehensively considering factors such as energy loss, preheating efficiency, and device complexity of the existing preheating method, and provides a method that can effectively improve the interlayer connection strength.
  • the 3D printing system the core component of the printing system is the annular heating lamp tube, by using the existing melt extrusion 3D printer, the infrared lamp tube of the ring structure is set around the printing head of the 3D printer through the fixing bracket to form a complete printing system.
  • the 3D printing system includes a fixing device 2, an infrared lamp 3, a printer nozzle 5 and a substrate 7, the fixing device 2 is arranged on the printer nozzle 5, and the fixing device 2 is fixedly connected with an infrared lamp 3 with a ring structure,
  • the infrared lamp tube 3 is set on the printer nozzle 5, and the semi-crystalline polymer material 1 used for printing passes through the center of the infrared lamp tube 3 in a ring structure to realize preheating.
  • the printing layer 6 is reheated by the infrared lamp 3 .
  • the core difficulty lies in the insufficient connection strength between layers during the printing process. The reason is that the temperature of the material extruded by the nozzle is relatively high.
  • the infrared lamp tube 3 with a ring structure used in the present invention can be used in the printing nozzle 5 Preheat the deposited layer before deposition, and increase the temperature of the deposited layer material to a temperature that is conducive to the entanglement of the material between the layers, thereby improving the connection strength between the layers.
  • the lamp tube 3 slows down the temperature drop rate of the printing material by reheating the printing layer, so as to increase the connection strength between layers twice, and obtain a sample with ideal interlayer connection strength.
  • the fixing device 2 includes a bolt, on which a deck is arranged, and the deck can move up and down along the bolt, and the infrared lamp 3 is arranged on the deck, and the distance between the infrared lamp 3 and the printing layer is fixed and adjusted by the deck.
  • the upper surface of the infrared lamp tube 3 of the ring structure is coated with a layer of reflective layer, and the reflective layer is made of gold or copper, and the infrared lamp tube 3 is radiated upward.
  • the irradiated energy is reflected to the printed layer 4 through the reflective layer, which can effectively reflect infrared rays, and at the same time, can achieve the effect of focusing the light spot and heating accurately.
  • a kind of method of the present invention utilizes radiation heating to improve interlayer connection strength, comprises the following steps:
  • the infrared lamp 3 first preheats the printed layer 4, reduces the temperature difference between the printed layer 4 and the unprinted layer 6, and promotes the mutual diffusion of molecular chains between the two layers.
  • the printer nozzle 5 is in the After the one-point printing is completed, the infrared lamp 3 continues to heat the unprinted layer 6 to increase the crosslinking time between the printed layer 4 and the unprinted layer 6, and finally prints a sample with good interlayer bonding strength.
  • the power of the selected annular infrared lamp tube should be able to heat the material to 150-200°C in a short period of time; by coating a layer of paint on the inner wall of the lamp tube , such as gold or copper, can effectively play the role of reflecting infrared rays, and at the same time can play the effect of focusing the spot and heating accurately;
  • the ring-shaped infrared lamp firstly preheats the printed layer. This process can significantly reduce the temperature difference between the printed layer and the next layer, and promote the mutual diffusion of molecular chains between the two layers.
  • the ring-shaped infrared lamp continues to heat the printing layer to increase the crosslinking time between layers, and finally prints a sample with good interlayer bonding strength.
  • the present invention is a method for improving the connection strength between layers by using radiation heating.
  • fixing the annular heating tube at the nozzle of the FDM printer it is possible to ensure the pre-preparation of the previously printed layer when the nozzle prints in any direction. heat, reducing the temperature difference between the printed layer and the printed layer, which is conducive to the bonding between the two layers; and, for the newly deposited filament, the annular heating tube can continue to heat it, which plays a role of heat preservation, further The bonding between layers is improved, which is conducive to the manufacture of structures with good interlayer connection strength.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

一种利用辐照加热提高层间连接强度的3D打印系统及方法，红外线灯管（3）为环形结构，通过固定装置（2）套装在打印机喷头（5）上，打印用的半结晶聚合物材料从红外线灯管（3）的中心通过实现预热，打印机喷头（5）下方的基板（7）上设置的已打印层（4）和未打印层（6）通过红外线灯管（3）实现二次加热。该3D打印系统有效改善了层与层之间的连接强度；同时起到一段时间的保温作用，能够在之前预热的基础上有效改善层间的连接。

Description

一种利用辐照加热提高层间连接强度的3D打印系统及方法 技术领域
本发明属于3D打印技术领域，具体涉及一种利用辐照加热提高层间连接强度的3D打印系统及方法。
背景技术
3D打印作为一种近几年快速发展的先进制造技术，已被广泛应用于生物医疗、航空航天以及汽车制造等领域。3D打印方法中最常见的一种低成本打印方法是熔融挤出成型法，熔融挤出成型法的主要流程是通过将连续丝材经过喷嘴加热后，达到半液态，然后挤压在平台或者之前打印层上的一种方法。熔融挤出成型法的主要优势在于其成本较低，打印速度较快，打印工艺相对简单，但是由于该方法本身所固有的较强的各向异性，使得打印件在打印方向上层与层之间的结合力明显弱于其他方向，即对于半结晶聚合物材料，在经过加热块加热挤出后，材料迅速冷却并发生凝固，使得聚合物分子链在相邻层间的扩散时间有限，层与层之间的材料无法得到良好的结合，导致熔融沉积材料在沉积方向上的连接强度无法得到保证，使得打印件的力学性能随着方向的不同而有所变化。
现阶段，提高熔融挤出成型法的层间连接强度常用方法是利用激光进行精准预热，其主要是利用激光预热产生的热量促进分子链的运动，降低已沉积层与打印层之间的温度差，使得层与层之间形成有效地结合，获得较高的连接强度。虽然激光加热的精准性好，加热效率高，但是由于其整个系统复杂；成本高；最关键的一点在于，在使用激光进行预热时，整个激光预热装置与熔融挤出成型喷头的相对位置是保持不变的，即激光预热的位置并不会跟着打印路径的切换而切换，只有当打印头朝着某个固定方向打印时，才能起到良好的预热效果，所以必然存在打印同一层的过程中激光无法提前进行预热的情况，导致层与层之间不同处的连接强度参差 不齐，并且对于高熔点半结晶聚合物材料来说，喷嘴处打印材料的温度与环境温度相差较大，这样导致材料在刚刚完成打印后温度耗散很快，层与层之间的材料没有足够的时间完成扩散，造成了层与层之间较低的连接强度，这也是现阶段为了提高层间连接强度亟待解决的一个问题。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于针对上述现有技术中的不足，提供一种在熔融挤出成型中利用辐照加热提高层间连接强度的3D打印系统及方法，能够保证在打印前对已打印层进行预热并且在打印完成后对打印层进行保温的效果，有效提高打印件的层间连接强度。
本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种利用辐照加热提高层间连接强度的3D打印系统，包括红外线灯管，红外线灯管为环形结构，通过固定装置套装在打印机喷头上，打印用的半结晶聚合物材料从红外线灯管的中心通过实现预热，打印机喷头下方的基板上设置的已打印层和未打印层通过红外线灯管实现二次加热。
具体的，红外线灯管的波长为2.5～25μm。
具体的，红外线灯管的功率为300～1000W。
具体的，红外线灯管的灯管内壁上设置有反射层。
进一步的，反射层采用金或铜材料制成。
具体的，固定装置上设置有环形结构的卡座，卡座能沿固定装置上下移动，红外线灯管设置在卡座上。
本发明的另一技术方案是，一种利用辐照加热提高层间连接强度的3D打印方法，利用所述的3D打印系统，包括以下步骤：
S1、将环形结构的红外线灯管通过固定装置固定在打印机喷头上，调整红外线灯管相对于基板的高度；
S2、拉伸试样，对拉伸试样进行切片处理，设置打印速度，层厚和打印温度；
S3、红外线灯管首先对已打印层进行预热，然后开始打印，当打印机喷头在一点打印完成后，红外线灯管继续对未打印层进行保温处理，最终打印出具有良好层间结合强度的试样。
具体的，步骤S1中，红外线灯管与基板的距离为10～20cm。
具体的，步骤S2中，打印速度为40～60mm/s，层厚为0.1～0.4mm，打印温度为200～420℃。
具体的，步骤S3中，已打印层的预热温度为100～200℃。
与现有技术相比，本发明至少具有以下有益效果：
本发明一种利用辐照加热提高层间连接强度的3D打印系统，红外线灯管为环形结构，通过固定装置套装在打印机喷头上，打印用的半结晶高熔点聚合物材料从红外线灯管的中心通过实现预热，打印机喷头下方的基板上设置的已打印层和未打印层通过红外线灯管实现二次加热；通过打印前的预热和打印后的保温，降低了已打印层与打印层之间的温差，可以有效地提高层与层之间的连接强度。
进一步的，将红外线灯管做成环形套在3D打印喷头上是为了使整层材料在打印过程中都可以均匀预热，不受打印方向的制约。
进一步的，环形红外线灯管波长的选取是根据所预热材料的红外光谱图，不同材料对不同波长能量吸收的难易程度来决定的。
进一步的，将红外线灯管的功率设置为300～1000W，能够将不同的半结晶聚合物材料进行软化。
进一步的，在灯管内壁上设置有反射层，能够提高灯管发出红外线的利用率，避免了能量的过度消耗。
进一步的，将反射层采用金、铜、铝等材料制成，能够提高红外线的反射率，有效地提高红外线的利用率。
进一步的，设置环形结构的卡座可以轻松改变灯管相对于基板之间的距离。
本发明一种利用环形加热灯管在打印过程中对打印材料进行预热和保温的方式提高层间连接强度的方法，通过将环形加热管固定在打印喷头上，环形加热管可以随打印喷头一起移动，不管打印路径如何改变，已打印层在下一层打印之前总能得到预热，使得层与层之间的温差降低，从而能够有效改善层与层之间的连接强度；同时，当喷头挤出丝材后，环形加热管仍然可以对刚打印出的丝材进行加热，起到一段时间的保温作用，可以在之前预热的基础上有效改善层间的连接。
进一步的，环形红外线灯管与基板应保持平行关系，红外线灯管波长的选取是根据所预热材料的红外光谱图，有利于材料对红外线的吸收，在短时间内达到所需的温度。
进一步的，对打印温度、打印速度、层厚进行设置，三者对层间连接强度的影响最大，选择适当的参数可以获得更加理想的实验结果。
进一步的，将预热温度设置为100～200℃，使得半结晶聚合物材料的玻璃态转变温度一般在这个范围之内，预热温度高于玻璃态转变温度即可将半结晶聚合物材料软化，提高聚合物分子链之间的缠结。
综上所述，本发明将环形加热灯管固定在喷头上，随喷头一起移动，不管打印路径如何改变，已打印层在下一层打印之前总能得到预热，有效改善了层与层之间的连接强度；同时，当喷头挤出丝材后，环形加热管仍然可以对刚打印出的丝材进行加热，起到一段时间的保温作用，可以在之前预热的基础上有效改善层间的连接。
下面通过附图和实施例，对本发明的技术方案做进一步的详细描述。
附图说明
图1为本发明的整体结构示意图。
其中：1.半结晶聚合物材料；2.固定装置；3.红外线灯管；4.已打印层；5.打印机喷头； 6.未打印层；7.基板。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”、“一侧”、“一端”、“一边”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外，在本发明的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
应当理解，当在本说明书和所附权利要求书中使用时，术语“包括”和“包含”指示所描述特征、整体、步骤、操作、元素和/或组件的存在，但并不排除一个或多个其它特征、整体、步骤、操作、元素、组件和/或其集合的存在或添加。
还应当理解，在本发明说明书中所使用的术语仅仅是出于描述特定实施例的目的而并不意在限制本发明。如在本发明说明书和所附权利要求书中所使用的那样，除非上下文清楚地指明 其它情况，否则单数形式的“一”、“一个”及“该”意在包括复数形式。
还应当进一步理解，在本发明说明书和所附权利要求书中使用的术语“和/或”是指相关联列出的项中的一个或多个的任何组合以及所有可能组合，并且包括这些组合。
在附图中示出了根据本发明公开实施例的各种结构示意图。这些图并非是按比例绘制的，其中为了清楚表达的目的，放大了某些细节，并且可能省略了某些细节。图中所示出的各种区域、层的形状及它们之间的相对大小、位置关系仅是示例性的，实际中可能由于制造公差或技术限制而有所偏差，并且本领域技术人员根据实际所需可以另外设计具有不同形状、大小、相对位置的区域/层。
本发明提供了一种利用辐照加热提高层间连接强度的方法，综合考虑现有采用预热方法的能量损耗、预热效率、装置复杂程度等因素，提供一种能够有效提高层间连接强度的3D打印系统，该打印系统的核心部件是环形加热灯管，通过使用现有的熔融挤出3D打印机，将环形结构的红外线灯管通过固定支架套在3D打印机的打印头四周，组成一个完整的打印系统。
请参阅图1，3D打印系统包括固定装置2、红外线灯管3、打印机喷头5和基板7，固定装置2设置在打印机喷头5上，固定装置2上固定连接有环形结构的红外线灯管3，红外线灯管3套装在打印机喷头5上，打印用的半结晶聚合物材料1从环形结构的红外线灯管3中心通过实现预热，打印机喷头5下方的基板7上设置的已打印层4和未打印层6通过红外线灯管3实现二次加热。对于熔融挤出成型法，核心的难点在于打印过程中层与层之间的连接强度不足，原因在于喷头所挤出的材料温度较高，相较于环境温度来说，形成一个较大的温差，使得挤出材料的温度在短时间内迅速下降，打印材料温度的高低对于层间连接强度的提高起着关键性作用，本发明中所采用的环形结构的红外线灯管3，可以在打印喷头5沉积之前对已沉积层进行预热，将已沉积层材料的温度提高到有利于层之间材料实现缠结的温度，从而提高层之间的连接强度，在材料沉积到已打印层之后，红外线灯管3通过对打印层进行二次加热，减缓打印材 料的温度下降速度，从而二次提高层之间的连接强度，得到具有理想层间连接强度的试样。
固定装置2包括螺栓，螺栓上设置有卡座，卡座能够沿螺栓上下移动，红外线灯管3设置在卡座上，通过卡座固定和调节红外线灯管3与打印层之间的距离。
对半结晶聚合物材料1进行红外光谱分析，得到半结晶聚合物材料1的红外光谱图，通过观察红外光谱图获得半结晶聚合物材料1吸收峰出现的波长为2.5～25μm，确定半结晶聚合物材料1的玻璃态转变温度；设定红外线灯管3的波长为2.5～25μm；功率为300～1000W的红外线灯管3能够将材料在1～2s内加热到半结晶聚合物材料的玻璃态转变温度以上。
考虑到预热效率与辐照面积的大小对于打印层的影响，环形结构的红外线灯管3的灯管上表面涂覆有一层反射层，反射层采用金或铜，将红外线灯管3向上辐照的能量通过反射层反射到已打印层4上，能够给有效起到反射红外线的作用，同时可以起到聚焦光斑，精准加热的效果。
本发明一种利用辐照加热提高层间连接强度的方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、将环形结构的红外线灯管3通过固定装置2固定在打印机喷头5上，调整红外线灯管3相对于基板7之间的位置在10～20cm，使得已打印层4在预热后达到玻璃态转变温度以上；
S2、利用GB 16421-1996打印标准拉伸试样，通过FDM打印机专用的切片软件对标准拉伸试样进行切片处理，设置合适的参数，包括打印速度40～60mm/s，层厚0.1～0.4mm，打印温度380～420℃，将代码导入到FDM打印机中，同时开启环形结构的红外线灯管3进行加热，开始打印；
S3、打印过程中，红外线灯管3首先对已打印层4进行预热，降低已打印层4与未打印层6的温差，促进分子链在两层之间的相互扩散，当打印机喷头5在一点打印完成后，红外线灯管3继续对未打印层6进行保温处理，提高已打印层4与未打印层6之间的交联时间，最终打印出具有良好层间结合强度的试样。
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。通常在此处附图中的描述和所示的本发明实施例的组件可以通过各种不同的配置来布置和设计。因此，以下对在附图中提供的本发明的实施例的详细描述并非旨在限制要求保护的本发明的范围，而是仅仅表示本发明的选定实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
以半结晶高熔点聚合物材料PEEK打印标准拉伸试样为例。
1)对PEEK材料进行红外光谱分析，得到PEEK材料的红外光谱图，通过观察红外光谱图可知，PEEK材料容易吸收的红外线波长范围在5.6～12.5μm，选用环形红外线灯管的波长也应尽量包括这个范围，并且由于PEEK材料的玻璃态转变温度为143℃，所选用的环形红外线灯管功率应该满足将材料在较短时间内加热到150～200℃；通过在灯管内壁涂覆一层涂料，例如金或铜，可以有效起到反射红外线的作用，同时可以起到聚焦光斑，精准加热的效果；
2)将选用的环形红外线灯管通过固定装置固定在FDM打印机喷头上，通过调整环形红外线灯管相对于基板之间的位置，使得已打印层在预热后可达到PEEK材料的玻璃态转变温度以上；
3)利用GB 16421-1996打印标准拉伸试样，通过FDM打印机专用的切片软件对标准拉伸试样试样进行切片处理，设置合适的参数，包括打印速度，层厚，打印温度等，将代码导入到FDM打印机中，同时开启环形红外线灯管进行加热，开始打印。
在打印过程中，环形红外线灯管首先对已打印层进行预热，这一过程可以明显降低已打印层与下一层之间的温差，促进分子链在两层之间的相互扩散，当喷头在一点打印完成后，环形红外线灯管继续对打印层进行保温处理，提高层与层之间的交联时间，最终打印出具有良好层 间结合强度的试样。
综上所述，本发明一种利用辐照加热提高层间连接强度的方法，通过将环形加热管固定在FDM打印机喷头处，可以在喷头进行任意方向打印时，保证对之前已打印层的预热，降低已打印层与打印层之间的温差，有利于两层之间的粘接；并且，对刚刚沉积的丝材，环形加热管可以继续对其进行加热，起到一个保温作用，进一步提高了层间的粘接，有利于制造出具有良好层间连接强度的结构。
以上内容仅为说明本发明的技术思想，不能以此限定本发明的保护范围，凡是按照本发明提出的技术思想，在技术方案基础上所做的任何改动，均落入本发明权利要求书的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种利用辐照加热提高层间连接强度的3D打印系统，其特征在于，包括红外线灯管(3)，红外线灯管(3)为环形结构，通过固定装置(2)套装在打印机喷头(5)上，打印用的半结晶聚合物材料(1)从红外线灯管(3)的中心通过实现预热，打印机喷头(5)下方的基板(7)上设置的已打印层(4)和未打印层(6)通过红外线灯管(3)实现二次加热。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的3D打印系统，其特征在于，红外线灯管(3)的波长为2.5～25μm。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的3D打印系统，其特征在于，红外线灯管(3)的功率为300～1000W。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的3D打印系统，其特征在于，红外线灯管(3)的灯管内壁上设置有反射层。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的3D打印系统，其特征在于，反射层采用金或铜材料制成。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的3D打印系统，其特征在于，固定装置(2)上设置有环形结构的卡座，卡座能沿固定装置上下移动，红外线灯管(3)设置在卡座上。
  7. 一种利用辐照加热提高层间连接强度的3D打印方法，其特征在于，利用权利要求1所述的3D打印系统，包括以下步骤：
    S1、将环形结构的红外线灯管通过固定装置固定在打印机喷头上，调整红外线灯管相对于基板的高度；
    S2、拉伸试样，对拉伸试样进行切片处理，设置打印速度，层厚和打印温度；
    S3、红外线灯管首先对已打印层进行预热，然后开始打印，当打印机喷头在一点打印完成后，红外线灯管继续对未打印层进行保温处理，最终打印出具有良好层间结合强度的试样。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤S1中，红外线灯管与基板的距离为10～20cm。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤S2中，打印速度为40～60mm/s，层厚为0.1～0.4mm，打印温度为200～420℃。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤S3中，已打印层的预热温度为100～200℃。
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