WO2021027658A1 - 基于多个光纤输出激光模块的中心送料激光系统及加工头 - Google Patents

基于多个光纤输出激光模块的中心送料激光系统及加工头 Download PDF

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WO2021027658A1
WO2021027658A1 PCT/CN2020/107130 CN2020107130W WO2021027658A1 WO 2021027658 A1 WO2021027658 A1 WO 2021027658A1 CN 2020107130 W CN2020107130 W CN 2020107130W WO 2021027658 A1 WO2021027658 A1 WO 2021027658A1
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lens
center
hole
focusing lens
output
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PCT/CN2020/107130
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English (en)
French (fr)
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方强
方笑尘
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方强
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20—Bonding
    • B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/064—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms
    • B23K26/0648—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms comprising lenses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
    • B23K26/342—Build-up welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
    • C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/25—Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of laser technology, and relates to a laser system for laser processing and a processing head using the system, in particular to a central feeding laser system and processing head based on multiple optical fiber output laser modules, which can be widely used in the laser processing industry in.
  • Sintering materials together is an important application of laser processing, such as laser welding, laser cladding and laser 3D printing.
  • laser 3D printing the material sintered by this sintering process is usually the sintering between powder and wire.
  • welding and cladding this sintering process is usually the sintering between powder or wire and metal parts.
  • the current sintering technology can be divided into two categories: one is the side feeding technology, that is, the sintering light is irradiated perpendicularly to the sintering surface, and the sintering material is sent from the side into the illuminated area; the other is the center feeding technology , That is, the material is sent to the sintering surface vertically, and the sintering light irradiates the material and the sintering area from all around.
  • the center feeding technology can heat each sintered material (material and matrix) at the same time, which usually results in better sintering quality.
  • the sintered laser head can be free in all directions Movement improves the flexibility of the manufacturing process.
  • the technical realization path can be summarized into the following steps: 1.
  • the laser beam is split into N parallel lights; 2.
  • the N parallel lights are converged by N focusing lenses To the processing area.
  • the laser light comes from the same laser, usually the light from the laser is collimated into parallel light, and then divided into N beams with a beam splitter; for the light from the fiber output laser, it is also divided into N beams by a fiber beam splitter, and then N beams are collimated by N collimating lenses.
  • the lasers used are usually high-power lasers. These high-power lasers are expensive.
  • the technology needs to solve the problem of beam splitting of high-power lasers, and the system is complicated.
  • the optical axes of the N focusing lenses need to be arranged obliquely so that the optical axes meet in the central feeding area. It is difficult to debug the system and the structure of the processing head is complicated.
  • the structure of the processing spot is fixed and cannot be adjusted to meet the requirements of different laser processing techniques.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a center-feeding laser system and processing head based on multiple optical fiber output laser modules.
  • the system directly utilizes low-power modules and avoids prior art integration.
  • the process of beam splitting reduces equipment costs.
  • only one focusing lens is used, and system debugging is simple.
  • the structure of the light spot can be changed in real time during the processing to meet the requirements of different laser processing technologies.
  • it is also possible to realize double-sided linear light spot illumination sintering with center feeding, which can be used in laser cladding processing to improve cladding efficiency.
  • a central feeding laser system based on multiple optical fiber output laser modules which is characterized in that it includes multiple optical fiber output laser modules, multiple collimating lenses corresponding to the optical fiber output laser modules, a feeding tube, and a center with a through hole.
  • Focusing lens; the plurality of fiber output laser modules are divided into several groups, the output fiber end faces of each group of modules are arranged in a certain pattern near the front focus of the corresponding collimating lens, the collimating lens includes at least one lens;
  • the focusing lens with a through hole in the center includes at least one lens, which is located behind the collimating lens;
  • the feeding tube passes through the central through hole of the focusing lens;
  • the collimating lens is arranged around the feeding tube; After the fiber end face passes through the corresponding collimating lens and the focusing lens with a through hole in the center, a composite spot is superimposed near the back focal plane of the focusing lens for laser processing.
  • the optical axes of the collimating lenses are parallel and parallel to the optical axis of the focusing lens with a through hole in the center; the axis of the feeding tube coincides with the optical axis of the focusing lens with a through hole in the center.
  • the core diameters of the output fibers of the fiber output laser modules are the same or different; the output power of the output fibers of the fiber output laser modules are the same or different; the wavelength of the output light of the fiber output laser modules is the same, or Different; the focal lengths of the collimating lenses are the same or different.
  • the output end faces of the laser modules pass through the corresponding collimating lens and the center.
  • the images formed by the focusing lens with the through hole are superimposed together.
  • the output end faces of the laser modules pass through the corresponding collimating lens and the center.
  • the image formed by the focusing lens with a through hole is distributed along the optical axis.
  • the optical axes of the two collimating lenses are parallel to the axis of the feeding tube, and the axes of the three are in the same plane.
  • the axis of the focusing lens with a through hole in the center is aligned with The axis of the feeding tube coincides;
  • the optical fiber output laser module is divided into two groups, and the end faces of the output optical fibers of each group are arranged in a straight line, respectively located on the front focal plane of the corresponding collimating lens, and the arrangement direction is aligned with the axis of the two collimating lenses
  • the plane is vertical, and the center position of the linearly arranged fiber end faces coincides with the focal point; the output end face of the output fiber passes through the corresponding collimating lens and the focusing lens with a through hole in the center to form two sheets of convergence
  • the light spots are linearly distributed and overlapped.
  • the relative durations of light emission of the fiber output laser modules are the same or different; the relative durations of light emission power of the fiber output laser modules are the same or different; the light emission of the fiber output laser modules
  • the relative duration is synchronous or asynchronous; a spot structure whose spot shape changes with time is formed to meet the requirements of different laser processing spots.
  • a central feeding processing head based on multiple optical fiber output laser modules, including multiple optical fiber output laser modules, multiple collimating lenses corresponding to the optical fiber output laser modules, a focusing lens with a through hole in the center, a feeding tube, and an optical fiber Support, collimating lens support, focusing lens support and tubular housing, among them;
  • the center of the optical fiber holder is provided with a through hole for the feeding tube to pass through, and the end face of the output fiber of the optical fiber output laser module is arranged around the through hole in the center of the optical fiber holder; the center of the collimating lens holder is opened for the feeding tube to pass through
  • the collimating lens and the output end face of the output fiber are correspondingly installed on the collimating lens holder;
  • the focusing lens with a through hole in the center is fixed on the focusing lens holder;
  • the optical fiber holder is fixed in the tubular housing And close to one end, the fiber output end surface fixed on it faces the other end of the tubular housing;
  • the collimating lens holder is fixed in the tubular housing and adjacent to the optical fiber holder;
  • the focusing lens holder is fixed in the tubular housing and adjacent to the collimating lens Bracket;
  • the feeding tube passes through the central through hole on the optical fiber holder, the central through hole on the collimating lens holder and the through hole on the
  • At least one surface of at least one of the lenses of the focusing lens with a through hole in the center is attached to the corresponding lens frame of the focusing lens holder, which is processed by a good thermal conductivity material, and the lens
  • the area on the frame corresponding to the collimated light is hollowed out to allow the corresponding beam to pass through; the lens frame has a central hole, and the lens frame has a central hole for passing through the feeding tube.
  • This lens mounting structure can greatly increase the heat dissipation capacity of the lens .
  • various laser processing heads can be formed according to technical requirements for laser welding, laser cladding and laser 3D printing.
  • the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: 1. It avoids the technical solution of combining beams and then splitting beams used in the prior art, and directly uses low-power laser modules to construct the system.
  • the system is simple and low-power fiber output.
  • the unit power price of the laser module is usually not higher than 0.5 times the unit power price of the high-power laser, which can greatly reduce the cost; 2.
  • the focus lens with a through hole in the center is adopted, which avoids the existing structure of using multiple focus lenses. System debugging is simple. This focusing lens can be conveniently designed as a zoom lens to increase equipment flexibility. In traditional solutions, it is basically impossible to increase the zoom capability; 3.
  • the processing can be changed in real time as needed by independently controlling the low power modules The structure of the spot.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the optical path structure of the center feeding laser system based on multiple optical fiber output laser modules proposed by the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement structure of the collimating lens, the feeding tube and the focusing lens with a through hole in the center when the center feeding laser system based on multiple optical fiber output laser modules is observed along the optical axis.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an arrangement structure of a collimating lens, a feeding tube, and a focusing lens with a through hole in the center in an embodiment using two collimating lenses.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a linear arrangement of the output fiber end faces of M fiber output laser modules near a corresponding collimating lens front focal plane in an embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 is a structural diagram of a laser processing head using a center feeding laser system based on multiple optical fiber output laser modules proposed by the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the cooling structure of the focusing lens.
  • Fig. 6A is a schematic diagram of a lens with a through hole in the center of a focusing lens;
  • Fig. 6B is a schematic side view of the structure of the corresponding part of the lens frame corresponding to the lens of Fig. 6A;
  • Fig. 6C is a front view of the structure of the corresponding part of the lens frame corresponding to the lens of Fig. 6A Schematic.
  • M-1, M-2,..., MN respectively represent the optical fiber output laser module
  • CL-1, CL-2,...CL-i,...CL-M respectively represent the collimating lens
  • FL represents the center with a through hole FL-1 is one of the focusing lenses
  • SLG means feeding tube
  • OB1, ..., OBM distribution means the front focal surface of the collimating lens
  • I means the rear focal surface of the focusing lens
  • GXJ means fiber holder
  • ZZZJ means collimator Straight lens holder
  • FLZJ means a focusing lens holder with a through hole in the middle
  • FLJ-1A means a part of a lens frame on the focusing lens holder
  • GZK means a tubular housing.
  • FIG. 1 it is a schematic diagram of the optical path structure of the central feeding laser processing optical system based on multiple fiber output laser modules proposed by the present invention, including N fiber output laser modules, M collimating lenses corresponding to the fiber output laser modules, Feeding tube and focusing lens with a through hole in the center.
  • the feeding tube SLG passes through the central through hole of the focusing lens FL; M collimating lenses CL-1, CL-2,..., CL-M are arranged around the feeding tube and in front of the focusing lens; the optical fiber outputs laser
  • the number of modules M-1, M-2, ..., MN is greater than or equal to the number M of collimating lenses, and their output fiber end faces are arranged in single or multiple combinations near the front focal point of the corresponding collimating lens.
  • the focus lens with a through hole in the center is imaged to the vicinity of the back focal plane I to form a laser spot for laser processing.
  • the collimating lens includes at least one lens. Usually, according to specific technical requirements, the collimating lens is composed of multiple pieces.
  • the collimating lens in the figure is a schematic diagram of an equivalent ideal lens.
  • a focusing lens with a through hole in the center includes at least one lens.
  • a focusing lens with a through hole in the center is composed of multiple lenses.
  • the focusing lens in the figure is a schematic diagram of an ideal equivalent lens.
  • Figure 2 shows the central feeding laser system based on multiple optical fiber output laser modules proposed by the present invention and the collimating lenses CL-1, CL-2,..., CL-M, feeding tube SLG and the processing head when viewed along the optical axis.
  • the optical axes of the collimating lenses are parallel and parallel to the optical axis of the focusing lens with a through hole in the center; the axis of the feeding tube coincides with the optical axis of the focusing lens.
  • the core diameters of the output fibers of the fiber output laser modules can be the same or different; the output power of the fiber output laser modules can be the same or different; the fiber output laser modules can output light from the fiber
  • the wavelengths can be the same or different; the focal lengths of the collimating lenses can be the same or different.
  • the material conveyed through the feeding tube SLG can be powdered or silk.
  • the output end faces of the laser modules pass through the corresponding collimating lenses And the image formed by the focusing lens with a through hole in the center is superimposed together.
  • all the spot sizes can be the same or different.
  • the superimposed spots have a structure with high center power and low edge power, which can realize the functions of preheating and slow cooling during processing.
  • the output end faces of the laser modules pass through the corresponding collimating lenses
  • the image formed by the focusing lens with a through hole in the center is distributed along the optical axis.
  • a spot structure with different relative powers, high center power and low edge power can be obtained at different positions of the optical axis, realizing the functions of preheating and slow cooling during processing.
  • a sheet-like feeding system with laser irradiation and heating on both sides can also be realized.
  • One structure is as follows: two collimating lenses are distributed on both sides of the feeding tube, and the optical axis of the two collimating lenses and the axis of the feeding tube Parallel, and the axes of the three are on the same plane, the axis of the focusing lens with a through hole in the center coincides with the axis of the feeding tube; the fiber output laser module is divided into two groups, and the end faces of the output fibers of each group are arranged in a straight line, respectively On the front focal plane of a corresponding collimating lens, the arrangement direction is perpendicular to the plane where the axes of the two collimating lenses are located, and the center position of the end faces of the linearly arranged fibers coincides with the focal point; the output end face of the output fiber passes through the corresponding collimating lens and
  • the image formed by the focusing lens with a through hole in the center forms two linearly distributed light spots
  • This laser system is used for sintering sheet materials, which can improve the sintering efficiency and is suitable for laser cladding processing.
  • the sheet-like distributed material fed from the external feeder is fed into the linear spot area through the slit-like channel in the feeding tube, and the band-like sintering process can be realized.
  • the laser module used can be a continuous light module, a quasi-continuous light module or a pulsed laser module, that is, the relative duration of light emission of the optical fiber output laser modules can be the same or different;
  • the power during the relative duration of the output laser modules can be the same or different;
  • the relative duration of the output laser modules can be synchronized or asynchronous.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a laser processing head using the center-feeding laser system based on multiple optical fiber output laser modules proposed above in the present invention.
  • the collimating lens holder ZZZJ is opened in the center With through holes, the collimating lenses CL-1, CL-2,..., CL-M are fixed around the through holes;
  • the focus lens FL with a through hole in the center is fixed on the focus lens holder FLZJ;
  • the fiber holder GXJ is fixed on the tubular housing Inside and close to one end of the GZK, the fiber output end surface fixed on it faces the other end of the tubular housing;
  • the collimating lens holder ZZZJ is fixed in the tubular housing GZK, adjacent to the fiber holder GXJ;
  • the focusing lens holder FLZJ is fixed in the tubular housing GZK , Adjacent to the collimating lens holder ZZZJ;
  • the feeding tube SLG passes through the central through
  • the light output by the fiber output laser modules M-1, M-2,..., MN output fiber passes through the corresponding collimating lens CL-1, CL-2,..., CL-M and the center opening
  • various laser processing heads can be formed according to technical requirements for laser welding , Laser cladding and laser 3D printing, etc.
  • At least one surface of at least one of the lenses of the focusing lens with a through hole in the center is attached to the corresponding lens frame on the focusing lens holder, which is processed by a good thermal conductivity material.
  • the area corresponding to the collimated light on the lens frame is hollowed out to allow the corresponding beam to pass through; the lens frame is provided with a central hole for the feeding tube to pass through; this lens mounting structure can greatly increase the heat dissipation capacity of the lens and reduce the intensity of the laser The thermal effect.
  • 6A, 6B, and 6C are schematic diagrams of the installation structure of a certain piece of the focusing lens and the corresponding part on the lens frame.
  • FIG. 6A is a lens with a through hole in the center of a certain piece of lens
  • FIG. 6B and FIG. 6C are schematic side and front views of the structure of the corresponding lens frame portion.
  • the lens frame is made of a good thermal conductivity material. For processing convenience, copper or aluminum is usually used.
  • the surface of the lens frame on the lens frame is the same as the lens surface.
  • the part of the lens frame corresponding to the collimated light is hollowed out, and the part corresponding to the feeding tube is also hollowed out. Since the heat conduction energy of the lens frame material is usually tens of times that of the lens material, the use of this structure can effectively derive the heat dissipation generated by the laser on the lens and increase the stability of the lens.
  • the working principle of the center feeding laser system based on multiple optical fiber output laser modules proposed in the present invention is:
  • the light emitted by the output fibers of the N fiber output laser modules M-1, M-2,..., MN is collimated by the corresponding collimating lens CL-1, CL-2,..., CL-M, and then opened from the center.
  • the through-hole focusing lens FL is focused and superimposed on the back focal plane of the focusing lens.
  • the material fed by the feed tube SLG is heated and melted by M beams around the area near the back focal plane and sintered at the focal plane. Near the surface of the substrate.
  • the advantage of this kind of processing scheme is: First of all, during the processing, the direction of movement of the processing head can be set arbitrarily as required. Secondly, during processing, the light spot area is usually larger than the feeding area, and the material and the substrate can be heated at the same time, which helps to ensure the sintering quality.
  • Embodiment 1 According to the technical solution of the central feeding laser system based on multiple optical fiber output laser modules proposed in the present invention, in a specific embodiment of the present invention, it includes 8 optical fiber output semiconductor laser modules and 8 collimating lenses , A feeding tube and a focusing lens with a through hole in the center, in which: the laser wavelength is 915 nanometers, the fiber core diameter is 200 microns, the numerical aperture is 0.22, and the output power is 400 watts; the focal length of the collimating lens is divided into 2 groups, and the focal length is 20.
  • the focal length of the focusing lens with a through hole in the center is 200 mm, and the diameter of the center through hole is 11 mm;
  • the outer diameter of the feeding tube is 10 mm, and the axis of the feeding tube coincides with the axis of the focusing lens with a through hole in the center; all collimating lenses
  • the optical axis is parallel and parallel to the optical axis of the focusing lens, distributed at equal angular intervals around the feeding tube SLG.
  • the optical axis of the collimating lens is located on a circle with a diameter of 26 mm centered on the optical axis of the focusing lens; two types of collimating lenses Alternate settings.
  • the system forms 4 spots with a diameter of 2 mm and 4 spots with a diameter of 4 mm on the back focal plane of the focusing lens.
  • the center of these spots is located on the rear focus of the focusing lens, forming a center high-power spot with a low-power processing spot at the edge.
  • the system can process the powder material fed by the feeding tube, and also process the silk material fed by the feeding tube.
  • the processing head can move in any direction in the two-dimensional plane. Due to the auxiliary edge spot, the processing spot It has the functions of preheating and slow cooling, which can reduce the thermal stress during processing in principle.
  • the 4 laser modules corresponding to the 2 mm diameter spot are used as a group of synchronous control, and the 4 laser modules corresponding to the 4 mm diameter spot are used as another group of synchronous control.
  • Embodiment 2 The technical solution of the central feeding laser system based on multiple optical fiber output laser modules proposed according to the present invention, in a specific embodiment of the present invention, includes 8 optical fiber output semiconductor laser modules and 8 collimating lenses , A feeding tube and a converging lens with a through hole in the center, in which: the laser wavelength is 976 nanometers, the fiber core diameter is 200 microns, the numerical aperture is 0.22, and the output power is 400 watts; the collimating lens has the same focal length, 20 mm; The focal length of the through-hole focusing lens is 200 mm, and the diameter of the central through hole is 11 mm; the outer diameter of the feeding tube is 10 mm, and the axis of the feeding tube coincides with the axis of the focusing lens with a through hole in the center; the optical axis of all collimating lenses is parallel and is parallel to the focusing lens The optical axis is parallel and is distributed around the feeding tube SLG at equal angular intervals.
  • the optical axis of the collimating lens is evenly distributed on a circle with a diameter of 26 mm centered on the optical axis of the focusing lens.
  • the 8 collimating lenses are divided into two groups arranged alternately.
  • the image of one of the end faces is superimposed at 5 mm before the focal point, and the image of the other end face becomes 5 mm behind the focus.
  • the system forms a center 2mm high power spot with a 3.6mm low power spot on the two image points, and a center high power spot with low power at the edge is formed on the two intermediate areas.
  • the power distribution structure of the spot will vary with position. It changes with the change, bringing processing convenience.
  • the system can process the powder material fed by the feeding tube, and also process the silk material fed by the feeding tube.
  • the processing head can move in any direction in the two-dimensional plane. Due to the auxiliary edge spot, the processing spot It has the functions of preheating and slow cooling, which can reduce the thermal stress during processing in principle.
  • the four laser modules corresponding to the two light spots are distributed as a group, and each group is synchronously controlled.
  • the power distribution of the center spot relative to the edge spot can be changed to meet different processing requirements. Process requirements.
  • Embodiment 3 The technical solution of the central feeding laser system based on multiple optical fiber output laser modules proposed according to the present invention, in a specific embodiment of the present invention, includes 18 optical fiber output semiconductor laser modules and 2 collimating lenses , A feeding tube and a converging lens with a through hole in the center, in which: the laser wavelength is 915 nanometers, the fiber core diameter is 105 microns, the numerical aperture is 0.22, and the output power is 150 watts; the collimating lens has the same focal length, 20 mm; The focal length of the through-hole focusing lens is 200 mm, and the diameter of the central through-hole is 13 mm; the optical axes of the two collimating lenses are parallel and parallel to the optical axis of the focusing lens.
  • the center diameter is 26 mm on the circumference, as shown in Figure 3; the outer diameter of the feeding tube is 12.5 mm, and the inside is a slit-like hole.
  • the size of the slit is 10 mm X 1 mm.
  • the length of the slit is perpendicular to the plane formed by the optical axes of the two collimating lenses; 18 fiber output semiconductor laser modules are divided into two groups, and the fiber output end faces of each group of 9 fiber output modules are in front of the corresponding collimating lens
  • the focal points are arranged at a distance of 125 microns along the direction perpendicular to the plane where the optical axes of the two collimating lenses are located, as shown in Fig. 4; each group of optical fibers forms a spot with a length of 11 mm and a width of 1.05 mm near the focal point of the focusing lens.
  • the two light spots coincide.
  • the light spot formed by this system can be sintered on the linear powder fed in near the image point, or the flake material fed in.
  • Embodiment 4 the technical solution of a processing head using a center-feeding laser system based on multiple optical fiber output laser modules.
  • it includes 36 optical fiber output semiconductor lasers with a wavelength of 915 Module, 6 650-wavelength fiber output semiconductor laser module, 6 collimating lenses, a feeding tube, a focusing lens with a through hole in the center, a fiber holder GXJ, a collimating lens holder ZZZJ, a component focusing lens holder FLZJ and tubular shell GZK.
  • the power of 36 fiber output modules with a wavelength of 915 nanometers is 120 watts, the output fiber core diameter is 105 microns, the cladding diameter is 125 microns, and the numerical aperture is 0.22;
  • the power of 6 fiber output laser modules with a wavelength of 650 nanometers is 2 watts ,
  • the core diameter of the output fiber is 105 microns, the cladding diameter is 125 microns, and the numerical aperture is 0.22;
  • the focal length of the 6 collimating lenses is 20 mm, and the lens diameter is 12 mm;
  • the focal length of the focusing lens with a through hole in the center is 200 mm ,
  • the central through hole diameter is 11 mm, the lens diameter is 40 mm;
  • the fiber holder GXJ is a cylindrical structure, the cylinder diameter is 46 mm, and a through hole with a diameter of 10 mm is opened in the center, on a cylindrical surface with a diameter of 26 with the axis of the through hole as the center
  • the axis is centered on a cylindrical surface with a diameter of 26, and 6 through holes with a diameter of 11 mm are opened at a 60-degree angular interval;
  • the focusing lens holder FLZJ has a ring structure with an inner diameter of 40 mm and an outer diameter of 46 mm;
  • the inside of the tubular housing is A circular hole with a diameter of 46 mm;
  • all fiber output laser modules are divided into 6 groups, each group includes 6 wavelength 915 modules and 1 650 module, the output fibers of each group of modules have 6 wavelengths of 915 output fibers around one wavelength
  • the 650 fiber array is arranged in a through hole with a diameter of 375 microns on the fiber support;
  • the outer cylindrical surface of the fiber support GXJ is fixedly connected to the inner hole of the tubular housing GZK, and is located at one end of the tubular housing, and the fiber output end surface Facing the other end of the tubular shell GZK;
  • 6 collimating lenses are fixed in the 6 through
  • the outer edge of the annular focusing lens holder FLZJ is fixed with the inner hole of the tubular housing GZK, adjacent to the collimator holder ZZZJ; the feeding tube SLG passes through the center of the fiber holder.
  • the hole, the central through hole of the collimator bracket, and the focusing lens with the central through hole are fixedly connected with the optical fiber bracket and the collimator lens bracket.
  • the system forms a circular spot with a diameter of 3.6 mm indicated by the red light of 650 nanometers on the back focal plane of the focusing lens.
  • the 6 beams of light forming the spot are incident from the side at a certain angle with the feeding axis, and on the feeding tube After being connected to the feeder, the powder or silk fed in can be sintered. Used for laser welding, laser cladding and laser 3D printing, etc.
  • an achromatic focusing lens with a focal length of 200 mm that we designed is composed of two lenses.
  • the one facing the collimated light is a biconvex lens made of quartz glass.
  • the curvature radii of the two surfaces are 42.6 and 42.6 and respectively. 38.08, the lens thickness is 9 mm;
  • the other lens is a double-concave lens, made of F2 glass, and the distance between the double-convex lens is 4.5 mm, the radius of curvature of the surface close to the double-convex lens is 32.3, the lens thickness is 2 mm, and the other side has a radius of curvature 480.1 mm.
  • the two collimating lenses have holes with a diameter of 11 mm at the apex of the lens centered on the apex.
  • the first lens frame facing the collimated light adopts the plano-concave structure shown in Figure 6B.
  • the concave surface has a curvature radius of 42.6 and a thickness of 5 mm at the apex.
  • a hole with a diameter of 11.2 mm is opened with the apex as the center to make the feeding tube Passing, the centers of the other 6 through holes corresponding to the collimated light are evenly distributed on the circumference of 26 mm in diameter, and the diameter of the holes is 8.5 mm; the lens frame located at the center of the two lenses is made into a concave-convex structure with a surface curvature
  • the radii are 38.08 and 32.3 respectively, and the vertex thickness is 4.5 mm.
  • a hole with a diameter of 11.2 mm is opened with the vertex as the center.
  • the centers of the other 6 through holes corresponding to the collimated light are evenly distributed on the circumference of 24.4 mm in diameter.
  • the diameter of the hole is 10 mm; the last lens frame is made into a convex flat structure, the radius of curvature of the drawing surface is 480.1, and the apex thickness is 5 mm.
  • a hole with a diameter of 11.2 mm is opened with the apex as the center.
  • the other 6 are collimated
  • the center of the through hole of the light corresponding part is evenly distributed on the circumference of 21.2 mm in diameter, and the diameter of the hole is 7.1 mm.
  • the lens installation structure can effectively eliminate the thermal lens effect caused by the laser.
  • the central feeding laser system based on multiple optical fiber output laser modules and the processing head using the system provided by the present invention have the advantages of simple structure and low cost.
  • various light spots required in the current laser sintering process can be generated to meet various processing requirements.
  • real-time control of the light spot structure can be realized to meet the requirements of different processing techniques, which has not been realized in the prior art, which further expands the processing capability of the laser sintering technology and improves the processing effect.

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Abstract

一种基于多个光纤输出激光模块的中心送料激光系统及加工头，包括多个光纤输出激光模块（M-1、M-2、…、M-N）、与光纤输出激光模块对应的多个准直透镜（CL-1、CL-2、…CL-i、…、CL-M）、送料管（SLG）以及一个中心开有通孔的聚焦透镜（FL）；所述多个光纤输出激光模块（M-1、M-2、…、M-N）分成几组，每组模块的输出光纤端面按一定规律排列在与之对应的准直透镜的前焦点附近，所述准直透镜至少包括一片透镜；所述中心开有通孔的聚焦透镜（FL）至少包括一片透镜，位于准直透镜的后方；所述送料管（SLG）穿过聚焦透镜的中心通孔；所述准直透镜（CL-1、CL-2、…CL-i、…、CL-M）设置在所述送料管（SLG）四周；直接利用小功率模块，避免了现有技术先合束再分束的过程，降低了设备成本，另外只使用一个聚焦透镜，系统调试简单。

Description

基于多个光纤输出激光模块的中心送料激光系统及加工头 技术领域
本发明属于激光技术领域，涉及一种激光加工用激光系统及利用该系统的加工头，特别是一种基于多个光纤输出激光模块的中心送料激光系统及加工头，可广泛应用于激光加工产业中。
背景技术
将材料烧结在一起是激光加工的一类重要应用，如激光焊接、激光熔覆和激光3D打印等。在激光3D打印中，这种烧结过程烧结的材料通常是粉、丝之间的烧结，在焊接和熔覆中，这种烧结过程通常是粉或者丝与金属零件之间的烧结。根据烧结材料的送料方式和光束照射方式，目前烧结技术可分成两类：一类是侧面送料技术，即烧结光垂直烧结表面照射，烧结物料从侧面送入光照区；另一类是中心送料技术，即物料垂直送向烧结表面，烧结光从四周照射物料和烧结区。相比之下，中心送料技术在实现烧结的过程中，可以实现各烧结材料(物料和基体)的同时加温，通常会得到更好的烧结质量，另外，烧结激光头可以在所有方向上自由运动提高了制造过程的灵活性。
对于中心送料技术，目前学术界和产业界已经提出了多种实施方案。比如中国专利CN201711184987一种中心送粉可扩展多束激光熔覆头及其应用；中国专利CN201710790666一种完全环状激光熔覆头；中国专利CN201710059713激光熔覆装置；中国实用新型专利201320761615.7一种平行环形激光熔覆头。这些专利给出了中心送粉的实现方案。又比如中国发明专利201510968684.9公开了一种分束激光聚焦同轴熔丝激光头和激光同轴熔丝成形设备；中国发明专利CN101386111A公开了一种激光光内送丝装置。
在中心送料烧结技术中，为了减少热应力，通常希望烧结基体能有一定的预热和缓冷，中国专利CN201710059713激光熔覆装置和和中国专利CN201610989297基于多焦点透镜产生预 热和缓冷光的激光熔覆装置提出了解决方案。
综观目前公开发表的所有中心送料边缘光照射的技术方案，其技术实现路径都可以总结成下述步骤：1、激光束分光成N个平行光；2、N个平行光通过N个聚焦透镜汇聚到加工区。在步骤1中，激光来自同一激光器，通常来自激光器的光被准直成平行光，然后用分束镜分成N束；对于来自光纤输出激光器的光，也有通过光纤分束器分成N束，然后通过N个准直透镜准直成N束。
在激光加工领域，所使用的激光器通常是大功率激光器，这些大功率激光器价格昂贵，另外该技术需要解决大功率激光的分束问题，系统复杂。在步骤2中，N个聚焦透镜的光轴需倾斜设置以使光轴交会在中心送料区。系统调试困难，加工头结构复杂。此外，这类激光加工系统设计好后，加工光斑的结构就被固定，无法进行调整以适应不同的激光加工工艺的要求。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中存在的上述问题，本发明的目的是提供一种基于多个光纤输出激光模块的中心送料激光系统及加工头，该系统直接利用小功率模块，避免了现有技术先合束再分束的过程，降低了设备成本。另外只使用一个聚焦透镜，系统调试简单。最后，通过对诸小功率激光模块的独立控制，可以在加工过程中实时改变光斑的结构，满足不同激光加工工艺的要求。利用该系统，还可以实现中心送料的双侧线状光斑照明烧结，用在激光熔覆加工中，提高熔覆效率。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：
一种基于多个光纤输出激光模块的中心送料激光系统，其特征在于，包括多个光纤输出激光模块、与光纤输出激光模块对应的多个准直透镜、送料管以及一个中心开有通孔的聚焦透镜；所述多个光纤输出激光模块分成几组，每组模块的输出光纤端面按一定规律排列在与之对应的准直透镜的前焦点附近，所述准直透镜至少包括一片透镜；所述中心开有通孔的聚焦透镜至少 包括一片透镜，位于准直透镜的后方；所述送料管穿过聚焦透镜的中心通孔；所述准直透镜设置在所述送料管四周；所述诸光纤端面通过相应准直透镜和中心开有通孔的聚焦透镜后，在聚焦透镜后焦面附近叠加形成复合光斑，用于激光加工。
所述诸准直透镜的光轴平行且与所述中心开有通孔的聚焦透镜的光轴平行；所述送料管的轴线与中心开有通孔的聚焦透镜的光轴重合。
所述诸光纤输出激光模块的输出光纤的芯径相同，或者不同；所述诸光纤输出激光模块输出光纤输出功率相同，或者不同；所述诸光纤输出激光模块输出光纤输出光的波长相同，或者不同；所述诸准直透镜的焦距相同，或者不同。
通过调整所述诸光纤输出激光模块输出光纤的输出端面的位置、纤芯尺寸、准直透镜焦距和中心开有通孔的聚焦透镜焦距，所述诸激光模块输出端面通过相应准直透镜及中心开有通孔的聚焦透镜后成的像叠加在一起。
通过调整所述诸光纤输出激光模块输出光纤的输出端面的位置、纤芯尺寸、准直透镜焦距和中心开有通孔的聚焦透镜焦距，所述诸激光模块输出端面通过相应准直透镜及中心开有通孔的聚焦透镜后成的像沿光轴方向分布。
所述准直透镜共两个，分布在送料管的两侧，两准直透镜的光轴与送料管轴线平行，且三者的轴线位于同一平面，中心开有通孔的聚焦透镜的轴线与送料管轴线重合；所述光纤输出激光模块分成两组，每组的输出光纤的端面排成一条直线，分别位于各自对应的一个准直透镜前焦面上，排列方向与两准直透镜轴线所在平面垂直，且线状排列的光纤端面的中心位置与焦点重合；所述输出光纤的输出端面通过相应准直透镜及中心开有通孔的聚焦透镜后成的像形成两个片状汇聚成的线状分布的光斑，并重合在一起。
所述诸光纤输出激光模块发光的相对持续时间是相同的，或者是不同的；诸光纤输出激光模块发光的相对持续时间内的功率是相同的，或者是不同的；诸光纤输出激光模块发光的相对 持续时间是同步的，或者是不同步的；形成光斑形状随时间变化的光斑结构，满足不同激光加工对光斑的要求。
一种基于多个光纤输出激光模块的中心送料加工头，包括多个光纤输出激光模块、与光纤输出激光模块对应的多个准直透镜、一个中心开有通孔的聚焦透镜、送料管、光纤支架、准直透镜支架、聚焦透镜支架及管状壳体，其中；
所述光纤支架中心开有用于送料管穿过的通孔，所述光纤输出激光模块的输出光纤的端面环绕光纤支架中心的通孔设置；所述准直透镜支架中心开有用于送料管穿过的通孔，所述准直透镜与输出光纤的输出端面对应安装在准直透镜支架上；所述中心开有通孔的聚焦透镜固定在聚焦透镜支架上；所述光纤支架固定在管状壳体内并靠近一端，固定其上的光纤输出端面面向管状壳体的另一端；所述准直透镜支架固定在管状壳体内，邻接光纤支架；所述聚焦透镜支架固定在管状壳体内，邻接准直透镜支架；所述送料管穿过所述光纤支架上的中心通孔、所述准直透镜支架上的中心通孔及所述带有中心通孔聚焦透镜上的通孔，并与准直透镜支架和/或光纤支架固定连接；在该加工头上，光纤输出激光模块输出光纤输出的光经与之对应的准直透镜和中心开有通孔的聚焦镜后，汇聚到中心开有通孔的聚焦透镜的后焦面附近；将送料管接上送料器后，就可以按技术要求形成各种激光加工头，用于激光焊接、激光熔覆和激光3D打印。
所述中心开有通孔的聚焦透镜中诸片透镜中至少一片透镜的至少一个面与所述聚焦透镜支架上的相应的一片由良导热材料加工的面型相同的透镜框贴合在一起，透镜框上与准直光对应的区域镂空，让相应光束透过；透镜框上开有中心孔，透镜框上开有用于通过送料管的中心孔，这种透镜安装结构可大幅增加透镜的散热能力。
进一步的，将送料管接上送料器后，就可以按技术要求形成各种激光加工头，用于激光焊接、激光熔覆和激光3D打印。
与现有技术相比，本发明至少具有以下有益效果：1、避免了现有技术采用的先合束再分束的技术方案，直接采用小功率激光模块构建系统，系统简单，小功率光纤输出激光模块单位功率的价格通常不高于大功率激光器单位功率价格的0.5倍，可以大幅降低成本；2、采用中心开有通孔的聚焦透镜，避免了现有的采用多个聚焦透镜的结构，系统调试简单，这种聚焦透镜可以方便的设计成变焦透镜以增加设备灵活性，而在传统方案中，增加变焦能力基本不可能；3、可以通过独立控制诸小功率模块，实时根据需要改变加工光斑的结构。
附图说明
图1为本发明提出的基于多个光纤输出激光模块的中心送料激光系统的光路结构示意图。
图2为本发明提出的基于多个光纤输出激光模块的中心送料激光系统沿光轴方向观察时诸准直透镜、送料管和中心开有通孔的聚焦透镜的排列结构示意图。
图3为采用两个准直透镜的一种实施方案中准直透镜、送料管和中心开有通孔的聚焦透镜的一种排列结构示意图。
图4为一种实施方案中，M个光纤输出激光模块的输出光纤端面在一个与之对应的准直透镜前焦面附近沿线性排列的结构示意图。
图5为本发明提出的利用基于多个光纤输出激光模块的中心送料激光系统的激光加工头的结构图。
图6为聚焦透镜冷却结构示意图。图6A为聚焦透镜中的某片中心开有通孔的透镜示意图；图6B与图6A透镜对应的透镜框上相应部分结构侧面示意图；图6C与图6A透镜对应的透镜框上相应部分结构正面示意图。
其中：M-1、M-2、…、M-N分别表示光纤输出激光模块；CL-1、CL-2、…CL-i、…CL-M分别表示准直透镜；FL表示中心开有通孔的聚焦透镜，FL-1为聚焦透镜中的某一片；SLG表示送料管；OB1、…、OBM分布表示准直透镜前焦面；I表示聚焦透镜后焦面；GXJ表示光 纤架；ZZZJ表示准直透镜支架；FLZJ表示中间开有通孔的聚焦透镜支架，FLJ-1A表示聚焦透镜架上某个透镜框的部分结构；GZK表示管状壳体。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例详细说明本发明提出的基于多个光纤输出激光模的中心送料激光系统及利用该激光系统的激光加工头。
如图1所示，为本发明提出基于多个光纤输出激光模块的中心送料激光加工光学系统的光路结构示意图，包括N个光纤输出激光模块、与光纤输出激光模块对应的M个准直透镜、送料管以及中心开有通孔的聚焦透镜。其中：送料管SLG穿过聚焦透镜FL的中心通孔；M个准直透镜CL-1、CL-2、…、CL-M设置在所述送料管四周，并位于聚焦透镜前方；光纤输出激光模块M-1、M-2、…、M-N的数量大于等于准直透镜数量M，它们的输出光纤端面单个或者多个组合排列在对应的准直透镜前焦点附近。在该系统中，光纤输出激光模块输出光纤端面通过相应的准直透镜后，由中心开有通孔的聚焦透镜成像到后焦面I附近组成激光光斑，用于激光加工。
在本发明中，准直透镜至少包括一片透镜，通常，根据具体的技术要求，准直透镜由多片组成，图中准直透镜为一等效理想透镜示意图。中心开有通孔的聚焦透镜至少包括一片透镜，通常，根据技术要求，中心开有通孔的聚焦透镜由多片透镜组成，图中聚焦透镜为理想等效透镜的示意图。
图2为本发明提出的基于多个光纤输出激光模块的中心送料激光系统及加工头沿光轴方向观察时诸准直透镜CL-1、CL-2、…、CL-M、送料管SLG和中心开有通孔的聚焦透镜FL的排列结构示意图。每个准直透镜距送料管的距离可以不同，可根据需要设置。
在该技术方案中，通常，诸准直透镜的光轴平行且与中心开有通孔的聚焦透镜的光轴平行；送料管的轴线与聚焦透镜的光轴重合。
在该技术方案中，诸光纤输出激光模块的输出光纤的芯径可以相同，也可以不同；诸光纤输出激光模块输出光纤输出功率可以相同，也可以不同；诸光纤输出激光模块输出光纤输出光的波长可以相同，也可以不同；诸准直透镜的焦距可以相同，也可以不同。通过送料管SLG输送的材料可以粉状料，也可以是丝料。
在该技术方案中，通过调整诸光纤输出激光模块输出光纤的输出端面的位置、纤芯尺寸、准直透镜焦距和中心开有通孔的聚焦透镜焦距，诸激光模块输出端面通过相应准直透镜及中心开有通孔的聚焦透镜后成的像叠加在一起。在这种系统中，所有光斑大小可以相同，也可以不同，当光斑大小不同时，叠加在一起的光斑具有中心功率大边缘功率小的结构，可以实现加工过程中预热和缓冷功能。
在该技术方案中，通过调整诸光纤输出激光模块输出光纤的输出端面的位置、纤芯尺寸、准直透镜焦距和中心开有通孔的聚焦透镜焦距，诸激光模块输出端面通过相应准直透镜及中心开有通孔的聚焦透镜后成的像沿光轴方向分布。在这种系统中，诸聚焦在光轴上不同光斑叠加后，在光轴的不同位置上可以得到相对功率不同的中心功率大边缘功率小的光斑结构，实现加工过程中预热和缓冷功能。
在该技术方案中，还可以实现片状送料，两侧激光照射加热的系统，其一种结构如下：两准直透镜分布在送料管的两侧，两准直透镜的光轴与送料管轴线平行，且三者的轴线位于同一平面，中心开有通孔的聚焦透镜的轴线与送料管轴线重合；光纤输出激光模块分成两组，每组的输出光纤的端面排成一条直线，分别位于各自对应的一个准直透镜前焦面上，排列方向与两准直透镜轴线所在平面垂直，且线状排列的光纤端面的中心位置与焦点重合；所述输出光纤的输出端面通过相应准直透镜及中心开有通孔的聚焦透镜后成的像形成两个片状汇聚成的线状分布的光斑，并重合在一起。
这种激光系统用于片状物料烧结，可以提高烧结效率，适合于激光熔覆加工。将外接送料 器送入的片状分布的物料通过送料管中的缝状通道送入到线状光斑区，就可以实现带状烧结加工。
在该技术方案中，所采用的激光模块可以是连续光模块、准连续光模块或脉冲激光模块，即诸光纤输出激光模块发光的相对持续时间可以是相同的，也可以是不同的；诸光纤输出激光模块发光的相对持续时间内的功率可以是相同的，也可以是不同的；诸光纤输出激光模块发光的相对持续时间可以是同步的，也可以是不同步的。通过这些参数的组合，可以形成光斑形状随时间变化的光斑结构，满足不同激光加工工艺对光斑的要求。
图5为利用本发明上面提出的基于多个光纤输出激光模块的中心送料激光系统的激光加工头的示意图。包括多个光纤输出激光模块M-1、M-2、…、M-N、与光纤输出激光模块对应的多个准直透镜CL-1、CL-2、…、CL-M、中心开有通孔的聚焦透镜FL、送料管SLG、光纤支架GXJ、准直透镜支架ZZZJ、聚焦透镜支架FLZJ及管状壳体GZK。其中：光纤支架GXJ中心开有通孔；光纤输出激光模块M-1、M-2、…、M-N的输出光纤的端面固定在光纤支架GXJ上通孔四周的位置；准直透镜支架ZZZJ中心开有通孔，准直透镜CL-1、CL-2、…、CL-M固定在通孔四周；中心开有通孔的聚焦透镜FL固定聚焦透镜支架FLZJ上；光纤支架GXJ固定在管状壳体GZK内并靠近一端，固定其上的光纤输出端面面向管状壳体的另一端；准直透镜支架ZZZJ固定在管状壳体GZK内，邻接光纤支架GXJ；聚焦透镜支架FLZJ固定在管状壳体GZK内，邻接准直透镜支架ZZZJ；送料管SLG穿过光纤支架GXJ上的中心通孔、准直透镜支架ZZZJ上的中心通孔及带有中心通孔聚焦透镜FL上的通孔，并与准直透镜支架ZZZJ光纤支架GXJ中的一个或两个固定连接。在该加工头上，光纤输出激光模块M-1、M-2、…、M-N输出光纤输出的光经与之对应的准直透镜CL-1、CL-2、…、CL-M和中心开有通孔的聚焦镜FL后，汇聚到中心开有通孔的聚焦透镜的后焦面附近，将送料管接上送料器后，就可以按技术要求形成各种激光加工头，用于激光焊接、激光熔覆和激光3D打印等。
在该加工头中，中心开有通孔的聚焦透镜中诸片透镜中至少一片透镜的至少一个面与聚焦透镜支架上的相应的一片由良导热材料加工的面型相同的透镜框贴合在一起，透镜框上与准直光对应的区域镂空，让相应光束透过；透镜框上开有中心孔，让送料管通过；这种透镜安装结构可大幅增加透镜的散热能力，减小强激光引起的热效应。图6A、图6B和图6C为聚焦透镜中的某片与透镜框上相应部分的安装结构示意图。图6A为某片中心开有通孔的透镜，图6B和图6C分布表示相应的透镜框部分的结构的侧面和正面示意图。透镜框由良导热材料制作，为了加工方便，通常采用紫铜或铝。透镜框上与透镜贴合的面的面型与透镜表面相同，透镜框上与准直光相应的部分镂空，与送料管对应的部分也镂空。由于透镜框材料的导热能量通常是透镜材料的几十倍，采用这种结构可有效导出激光在透镜上产生的散热，增加透镜的稳定性。
本发明提出的基于多个光纤输出激光模块的中心送料激光系统的工作原理是：
由N个光纤输出激光模块M-1、M-2、…、M-N的输出光纤发出的光被相应的准直透镜CL-1、CL-2、…、CL-M准直后，由中心开有通孔的聚焦透镜FL聚焦叠加在聚焦透镜的后焦面上，由送料管SLG送入的材料在输送到后焦面附近的区域被M束光在四周加热并熔化后烧结在位于焦面附近的基体表面上。
这种加工方案的优势是：首先在加工过程中，加工头运动方向可以根据需要任意设定。其次，在加工过程中光斑区域通常大于送料区域，可以同时加热物料和基体，有利于保证烧结质量。
实施例1：根据本发明提出的基于多个光纤输出激光模块的中心送料激光系统的技术方案，在本发明的某一具体实施例中，包括8个光纤输出半导体激光模块、8个准直透镜、一个送料管和一个中心开有通孔的聚焦透镜，其中：激光波长为915纳米，光纤芯径200微米，数值孔径0.22，输出功率400瓦；准直透镜焦距分成2组，焦距分别为20毫米和10毫米；中心开有通孔聚焦透镜焦距200毫米，中心通孔直径11毫米；送料管外径10毫米，送料管的轴线与中 心开有通孔的聚焦透镜轴线重合；所有准直透镜光轴平行，且与聚焦透镜光轴平行，以等角间距分布在送料管SLG周边，准直透镜的光轴位于以聚焦透镜光轴上为中心直径26毫米的圆周上；两种准直透镜交替设置。该系统在聚焦透镜后焦面上形成4个直径2毫米的光斑及4个直径4毫米的光斑，这些光斑的中心位于聚焦透镜的后焦点上，形成一个中心高功率光斑边缘低功率的加工光斑。该系统可以对由送料管送入的粉料进行加工，也可以对送料管送入的丝料进行加工，加工头可沿两维平面内任意方向移动，由于有辅助的边缘光斑，该加工光斑具有预热和缓冷的功能，可以在原理上降低加工中的热应力。
在该实施例中，将直径2毫米光斑对应的4个激光模块作为一组同步控制，将直径4毫米光斑对应的4个激光模块作为另一组同步控制，通过调节两组的相对功率，可以改变中心光斑相对边缘光斑的功率分布，以满足不同加工工艺的要求。
实施例2：根据本发明提出的基于多个光纤输出激光模块的中心送料激光系统的技术方案，在本发明的某一具体实施例中，包括8个光纤输出半导体激光模块、8个准直透镜、一个送料管和一个中心开有通孔的汇聚透镜，其中：激光波长976纳米，光纤芯径200微米，数值孔径0.22，输出功率400瓦；准直透镜焦距相同，为20毫米；中心开有通孔聚焦透镜焦距200毫米，中心通孔直径11毫米；送料管外径10毫米，送料管的轴线与中心开有通孔的聚焦透镜轴线重合；所有准直透镜光轴平行，且与聚焦透镜光轴平行，以等角间距分布在送料管SLG周边，准直透镜的光轴均匀分布于以聚焦透镜光轴上为中心直径26毫米的圆周上。将8个准直透镜分成交替设置的两组，通过调整准直透镜前光纤激光模块输出光纤端面的位置，将其中一组端面的像重合在焦点前5毫米处，另一组端面的像成在焦点后5毫米处。该系统在两个像点出形成中心2毫米高功率边缘3.6毫米低功率光斑，在两个中间区域上，形成一个中心高功率光斑边缘低功率的加工光斑，该光斑的功率分布结构会随位置的变化而变化，带来加工便利性。该系统可以对由送料管送入的粉料进行加工，也可以对送料管送入的丝料进行加工，加工头可 沿两维平面内任意方向移动，由于有辅助的边缘光斑，该加工光斑具有预热和缓冷的功能，可以在原理上降低加工中的热应力。
在该实施例中，将分布将两个光斑对应的4个激光模块作为一组，每组同步控制，通过调节两组的相对功率，可以改变中心光斑相对边缘光斑的功率分布，以满足不同加工工艺的要求。
实施例3：根据本发明提出的基于多个光纤输出激光模块的中心送料激光系统的技术方案，在本发明的某一具体实施例中，包括18个光纤输出半导体激光模块、2个准直透镜、一个送料管和一个中心开有通孔的汇聚透镜，其中：激光波长915纳米，光纤芯径105微米，数值孔径0.22，输出功率150瓦；准直透镜焦距相同，为20毫米；中心开有通孔聚焦透镜焦距200毫米，中心通孔直径13毫米；2个准直透镜光轴平行，且与聚焦透镜光轴平行，以180度角分布在送料管SLG两侧以聚焦透镜光轴上为中心直径26毫米的圆周上，如图3所示；送料管外径12.5毫米，内部为缝状孔，缝的尺寸为10毫米X1毫米，送料管的轴线与中心开有通孔的聚焦透镜轴线重合，缝的长度方向垂直于两个准直透镜光轴组成的平面；18个光纤输出半导体激光模块被分成两组，每组9个光纤输出模块的光纤输出端面在相应的准直透镜的前焦点处沿垂直于两准直透镜光轴所在平面的方向以125微米的间距排列，如图4所示；每组光纤在聚焦透镜后焦点附近形成一个长度11毫米宽度1.05毫米的光斑，并使两个光斑重合。该系统形成的光斑可以在像点附近送入的线状粉料进行烧结，也可以对送入的片状料进行烧结。
实施例4：根据本发明提出的利用基于多个光纤输出激光模块的中心送料激光系统的加工头技术方案，在本发明的某一具体实施例中，包括36个波长为915的光纤输出半导体激光模块、6个波长650的光纤输出半导体激光模块、6个准直透镜、一个送料管、一个中心开有通孔的聚焦透镜、一个光纤支架GXJ、一个准直透镜支架ZZZJ、一个组件聚焦透镜支架FLZJ及管状壳体GZK。其中：36个波长915纳米的光纤输出模块的功率是120瓦，输出光纤芯径105微米，包层直径125微米，数值孔径0.22；6个波长为650纳米的光纤输出激光模块的功率为 2瓦，输出光纤的芯径为105微米，包层直径125微米，数值孔径为0.22；6个准直透镜的焦距是20毫米，透镜直径为12毫米；中心开有通孔的聚焦透镜焦距为200毫米，中心通孔直径11毫米，透镜直径40毫米；光纤支架GXJ为圆柱结构，圆柱直径46毫米，其中心开有直径10毫米的通孔，在以通孔轴线为中心直径为26的圆柱面上，以60度角度间距开有6个直径375微米的通孔；准直器直架ZZZJ为园盘状结构，圆盘直径46毫米，其中心开有直径10毫米的通孔，在以通孔轴线为中心直径为26的圆柱面上，以60度角度间距开有6个直径11毫米的通孔；聚焦透镜支架FLZJ为圆环结构，内径40毫米，外径46毫米；管状壳体内部为一园通孔，直径46毫米；所有光纤输出激光模块分成6组，每组包括6个波长915的模块和1个650模块，每组模块的输出光纤中6个波长915的输出光纤围绕一个波长650的光纤排列，设置在光纤支架上的一个直径375微米的通孔中；光纤支架GXJ的外圆柱面，与管状壳体GZK的内孔固定连接，并位于管状壳体的一端，光纤输出端面面向管状壳体GZK的另一端；6个准直透镜固定在圆盘状准直器直架ZZZJ上的6个通孔中，盘状准直器支架ZZZJ的外沿与管状壳GZK的内孔固定在一起，邻接光纤架，与光纤架支架的距离由透镜焦距确定，每个准直透镜的焦点与光纤架上对应的一组光纤中心的那根光纤的端面重合；开有通孔的聚焦透镜固定在聚焦透镜支架FLZJ的内孔中，环状聚焦透镜支架FLZJ的外沿与管状壳体GZK的内孔固定在一起，邻接准直器支架ZZZJ；送料管SLG穿过光纤支架的中心同孔、准直器支架的中心通孔、和开有中心通孔的聚焦透镜，并与光纤支架和准直透镜支架固定连接。该系统在聚焦透镜后焦面形成一个带有650纳米红光指示的直径3.6毫米的园形光斑，构成该光斑的6束光从侧面与送料轴成一定夹角方向射入，在送料管上接入送料器后，就可以对送入的粉或丝料进行烧结加工。用于激光焊接、激光熔覆和激光3D打印等。
在该实施例中，我们设计的一种焦距200毫米消色差聚焦透镜由两片透镜组成，面向准直光的一片为双凸透镜，由石英玻璃制成，两个面的曲率半径分别为42.6和38.08，透镜厚度9 个毫米；另一片透镜为双凹透镜，由F2玻璃制成，与双凸透镜的间距为4.5毫米，靠近双凸透镜的面的曲率半径为32.3，透镜厚度2毫米，另一面曲率半径480.1毫米。两片准直透镜在透镜顶点处以顶点为中心开直径11毫米的孔。为了使该聚焦透镜能很好的冷却，我们采用3个用紫铜做的冷却透镜框，将两片透镜夹持起来。面向准直光的第一个透镜框采用图6B所示的平凹结构，凹面曲率半径为42.6，顶点处厚度5毫米，在顶点处，以顶点为中心开直径11.2毫米的孔，使送料管通过的，其它6个与准直光对应部分的通孔中心均匀分布在直径26毫米的圆周上，孔的直径8.5毫米；位于两个透镜中心部分的透镜框做成凹凸结构，面型的曲率半径分别为38.08和32.3，顶点厚度4.5毫米，在顶点处，以顶点为中心开直径11.2毫米的孔，其它6个与准直光对应部分的通孔中心均匀分布在直径毫米24.4的圆周上，孔的直径10毫米；最后一个透镜框做成凸平结构，图面的曲率半径为480.1，顶点厚度5毫米，在顶点处，以顶点为中心开直径11.2毫米的孔，其它6个与准直光对应部分的通孔中心均匀分布在直径21.2毫米的圆周上，孔的直径7.1毫米。该透镜的安装结构，可有效消除激光引起的热透镜效应。
本发明提出的基于多个光纤输出激光模块的中心送料激光系统及利用该系统的加工头，具有结构简单、成本低优点。利用该系统，可以产生当下激光烧结加工中所需的各种光斑，满足各种加工需求。利用该发明，可以实现光斑结构的实时控制，以满足不同加工工艺的要求，这在已有技术中尚未实现，进一步拓展了激光烧结技术的加工能力并提升加工效果。

Claims (9)

  1. 基于多个光纤输出激光模块的中心送料激光系统，其特征在于，包括多个光纤输出激光模块、与光纤输出激光模块对应的多个准直透镜、送料管以及一个中心开有通孔的聚焦透镜；所述多个光纤输出激光模块分成几组，每组模块的输出光纤端面按一定规律排列在与之对应的准直透镜的前焦点附近，所述准直透镜至少包括一片透镜；所述中心开有通孔的聚焦透镜至少包括一片透镜，位于准直透镜的后方；所述送料管穿过聚焦透镜的中心通孔；所述准直透镜设置在所述送料管四周；所述诸光纤端面通过相应准直透镜和中心开有通孔的聚焦透镜后，在聚焦透镜后焦面附近叠加形成复合光斑，用于激光加工。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的基于多个光纤输出激光模块的中心送料激光系统，其特征在于，所述诸准直透镜的光轴平行且与所述中心开有通孔的聚焦透镜的光轴平行；所述送料管的轴线与中心开有通孔的聚焦透镜的光轴重合。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的基于多个光纤输出激光模块的中心送料激光系统，其特征在于，所述诸光纤输出激光模块的输出光纤的芯径相同，或者不同；所述诸光纤输出激光模块输出光纤输出功率相同，或者不同；所述诸光纤输出激光模块输出光纤输出光的波长相同，或者不同；所述诸准直透镜的焦距相同，或者不同。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的基于多个光纤输出激光模块的中心送料激光系统，其特征在于，通过调整所述诸光纤输出激光模块输出光纤的输出端面的位置、纤芯尺寸、准直透镜焦距和中心开有通孔的聚焦透镜焦距，所述诸激光模块输出端面通过相应准直透镜及中心开有通孔的聚焦透镜后成的像叠加在一起。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的基于多个光纤输出激光模块的中心送料激光系统，其特征在于，通过调整所述诸光纤输出激光模块输出光纤的输出端面的位置、纤芯尺寸、准直透镜焦距和中心开有通孔的聚焦透镜焦距，所述诸激光模块输出端面通过相应准直透镜及中心开有通孔的聚焦透镜后成的像沿光轴方向分布。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的基于多个光纤输出激光模块的中心送料激光系统，其特征在于，所述准直透镜共两个，分布在送料管的两侧，两准直透镜的光轴与送料管轴线平行，且三者的轴线位于同一平面，中心开有通孔的聚焦透镜的轴线与送料管轴线重合；所述光纤输出激光模块分成两组，每组的输出光纤的端面排成一条直线，分别位于各自对应的一个准直透镜前焦面上，排列方向与两准直透镜轴线所在平面垂直，且线状排列的光纤端面的中心位置与焦点重合；所述输出光纤的输出端面通过相应准直透镜及中心开有通孔的聚焦透镜后成的像形成两个片状汇聚成的线状分布的光斑，并重合在一起。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的基于多个光纤输出激光模块的中心送料激光系统，其特征在于，所述诸光纤输出激光模块发光的相对持续时间是相同的，或者是不同的；诸光纤输出激光模块发光的相对持续时间内的功率是相同的，或者是不同的；诸光纤输出激光模块发光的相对持续时间是同步的，或者是不同步的。
  8. 一种利用权利要求1所述中心送料激光系统的加工头，其特征是：包括多个光纤输出激光模块、与光纤输出激光模块对应的多个准直透镜、一个中心开有通孔的聚焦透镜、送料管、光纤支架、准直透镜支架、聚焦透镜支架及管状壳体，其中；
    所述光纤支架中心开有用于送料管穿过的通孔，所述光纤输出激光模块的输出光纤的端面环绕光纤支架中心的通孔设置；所述准直透镜支架中心开有用于送料管穿过的通孔，所述准直透镜与输出光纤的输出端面对应安装在准直透镜支架上；所述中心开有通孔的聚焦透镜固定在聚焦透镜支架上；所述光纤支架固定在管状壳体内并靠近一端，固定其上的光纤输出端面面向管状壳体的另一端；所述准直透镜支架固定在管状壳体内，邻接光纤支架；所述聚焦透镜支架固定在管状壳体内，邻接准直透镜支架；所述送料管穿过所述光纤支架上的中心通孔、所述准直透镜支架上的中心通孔及所述带有中心通孔聚焦透镜上的通孔，并与准直透镜支架和/或光纤支架固定连接；在该加工头上，光纤输出激光模块输出光纤输出的光经与之 对应的准直透镜和中心开有通孔的聚焦镜后，汇聚到中心开有通孔的聚焦透镜的后焦面附近。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的基于多个光纤输出激光模块的中心送料激光系统的加工头，其特征在于，所述中心开有通孔的聚焦透镜中诸片透镜中至少一片透镜的至少一个面与所述聚焦透镜支架上的相应的一片由良导热材料加工的面型相同的透镜框贴合在一起，透镜框上与准直光对应的区域镂空，让相应光束透过；透镜框上开有用于通过送料管的中心孔。
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CN111375893A (zh) * 2019-08-14 2020-07-07 方强 基于多个光纤输出激光模块的中心送料激光系统及加工头

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CN113231741A (zh) * 2021-04-26 2021-08-10 南京航空航天大学 一种基于环形光斑同轴送丝的激光焊接装置及方法
CN116551176A (zh) * 2023-07-12 2023-08-08 长春理工大学 一种红外探测窗口激光焊接装置及焊接方法
CN116551176B (zh) * 2023-07-12 2023-09-15 长春理工大学 一种红外探测窗口激光焊接装置及焊接方法

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