WO2022265538A1 - Способ переработки отходов из полимерных, композитных и резинотехнических материалов - Google Patents
Способ переработки отходов из полимерных, композитных и резинотехнических материалов Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022265538A1 WO2022265538A1 PCT/RU2022/050188 RU2022050188W WO2022265538A1 WO 2022265538 A1 WO2022265538 A1 WO 2022265538A1 RU 2022050188 W RU2022050188 W RU 2022050188W WO 2022265538 A1 WO2022265538 A1 WO 2022265538A1
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- Prior art keywords
- melt
- coolant
- pyrolysis
- melting
- bath
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title abstract description 20
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 abstract description 19
- 238000006298 dechlorination reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010791 domestic waste Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 20
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 11
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- -1 used car tires Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 244000309464 bull Species 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003009 desulfurizing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000006023 eutectic alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N limonene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1CCC(C)=CC1 XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910001152 Bi alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000212384 Bifora Species 0.000 description 1
- 101150076749 C10L gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000978 Pb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WBLCSWMHSXNOPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Na].[Pb] Chemical compound [Na].[Pb] WBLCSWMHSXNOPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002730 additional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WPPDFTBPZNZZRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum copper Chemical compound [Al].[Cu] WPPDFTBPZNZZRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-RNFDNDRNSA-N calcium-44 Chemical compound [44Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-RNFDNDRNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HWSZZLVAJGOAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-L lead(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pb]Cl HWSZZLVAJGOAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Inorganic materials [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002826 nitrites Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013502 plastic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013517 stratification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002916 wood waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J11/00—Recovery or working-up of waste materials
- C08J11/04—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers
- C08J11/10—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation
- C08J11/16—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation by treatment with inorganic material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/20—Agglomeration, binding or encapsulation of solid waste
- B09B3/25—Agglomeration, binding or encapsulation of solid waste using mineral binders or matrix
- B09B3/29—Agglomeration, binding or encapsulation of solid waste using mineral binders or matrix involving a melting or softening step
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J11/00—Recovery or working-up of waste materials
- C08J11/04—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers
- C08J11/10—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation
- C08J11/12—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation by dry-heat treatment only
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
- F23G5/085—High-temperature heating means, e.g. plasma, for partly melting the waste
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
- F23G7/12—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of plastics, e.g. rubber
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
- F23G2201/30—Pyrolysing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2204/00—Supplementary heating arrangements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2209/00—Specific waste
- F23G2209/28—Plastics or rubber like materials
Definitions
- the invention relates to methods for processing production and consumption waste from polymer, composite and rubber materials, such as waste plastic containers, utensils, packaging, building and finishing materials, used car tires, fiberglass and other similar materials in various combinations in order to obtain new products, with consumer properties.
- pyrolysis which allows, depending on the component composition of the feedstock and the design features of the equipment used, to obtain a wide range of new commercial products, such as a solid carbon-containing residue (pyrocarbon), pyrolysis liquid, which is a wide range of liquid hydrocarbon fractions (synthetic oil) and pyrolysis gas, which is a mixture of gaseous hydrocarbon compounds, carbon monoxide and hydrogen.
- pyrolysis liquid which is a wide range of liquid hydrocarbon fractions (synthetic oil)
- pyrolysis gas which is a mixture of gaseous hydrocarbon compounds, carbon monoxide and hydrogen.
- liquid metal pyrolysis technology is the technology for processing polymeric wastes proposed in the application WO 2016187144 A1 (PRESSWOOD JR RONALD G; BISHOP IAN C +) dated November 24, 2016, where aluminum melt is used as a coolant.
- Another analogue is the method of pyrolysis in a liquid metal bath, consisting of a melt of tin, bismuth or their alloy, described in US patent WO2013094879A1 https://patents.aooale.com/patent/WQ2013094879A1/en
- pyrolysis liquid is a molten salt such as LiCI, KCI, KOH, NaOH, cyanides, nitrates, nitrites or combinations thereof), or in the form of a non-ferrous melt - at least one selected from the group "zinc, tin , lead, aluminium, copper or alloys thereof
- metal or salt melts are considered mainly as passive heat carriers, the task of which is only the most efficient transfer of heat from heating devices to the substance subjected to pyrolysis.
- a substance is polymeric waste, especially waste of rubber products, in particular, worn-out car tires, then the gaseous, liquid and, to the greatest extent, solid decomposition products obtained as a result of pyrolysis contain an increased amount of sulfur, which, in turn, sharply reduces consumer qualities of pyrolysis products.
- the presence of sulfur is due to the fact that sulfur is deliberately introduced into the rubber as a vulcanizing agent to obtain rubber.
- melts of mixtures of salts, oxides or hydroxides of alkali and/or alkaline earth metals have an excessively high melting point for the pyrolysis process based on immersing the material under the melt layer, which will lead to an explosive nature of the reaction and boiling of the pyrolysis bath for due to the rapid release of light-boiling fractions.
- metal melts containing tin, lead, zinc in various ratios have a more favorable melting temperature range, but do not have sufficient chemical activity for deep binding of sulfur and chlorine.
- the addition to the liquid metal bath of magnesium to a certain extent contributes to an increase in the degree of desulfurization and dechlorination of the pyrolysis products, but this is more relevant to the solid pyrolysis products that are inside the melt bath for a long time, sufficient for the reactions of binding sulfur and partly chlorine.
- Gaseous, commercially most valuable reaction products are removed from the liquid metal bath in the form of actively released bubbles or even continuous gas jets in a very short period of time, insufficient for any effective purification from sulfur and chlorine.
- the prototype additive in the liquid metal bath desulfurizing agent - magnesium is possible only in a fairly limited concentration. Otherwise, the formation of an excessive amount of refractory intermetallic compounds will inevitably increase in the liquid metal bath, which will increase the melting temperature of the melt, which, in turn, will require an increase in the temperature of the bath to maintain the liquid mobility of the melt. The end result of the temperature increase will again be the explosive nature of the pyrolysis reaction and the boiling of the bath, which is unacceptable for safety reasons.
- the task to be solved by the claimed group of technical solutions is to increase the degree of desulfurization and dechlorination of pyrolysis products in the form of a solid carbon-containing residue and, first of all, gaseous products to a level that allows them to be used as independent commercial products without additional refining.
- the technical result of the claimed group of inventions is to increase the degree of desulfurization and dechlorination of pyrolysis products in the form of a solid carbon-containing residue and, first of all, gaseous products to a level that allows them to be used as independent commercial products without additional refining. Reducing the consumption of expensive alkali and alkaline earth metals.
- a bath of liquid metal coolant is formed by melting, consisting of one or more metals from the group: lead, bismuth, zinc, aluminum, copper, while superheat the heat carrier by 50-150 °C above the melting point, create a separating layer on the surface of the heat carrier melt by melting a complex of alkali and alkaline earth metal salts on the surface of the heat carrier melt, create a refining layer above the separating layer by melting active additives consisting of alkali and/or alkaline earth metals, while observing the following conditions: the melting point of the melt of the liquid metal coolant is higher than the melting point of the salt melt of the separating layer, which, in turn, is higher than the melting temperature of the melt of the refining layer, and the melt density of the liquid metal coolant is greater than the density of the salt melt of the separating layer, which, in turn, is greater than the density of the melt
- a separating layer is created by melting a complex of salts on the surface of the coolant melt in a quantitative ratio of 0.1-5% by weight of the liquid metal coolant.
- a refining layer is created by melting active additives in a quantitative ratio of 0.1-5% by weight of the liquid metal coolant.
- one or more metals from the group: lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium are introduced into the liquid metal coolant melt as active additives.
- the device for processing waste from polymer, composite and rubber materials includes an internal space formed by the hearth, side walls and arch, inlet and outlet locks made in the side walls of the device, while in the inner space, a reaction chamber is made, isolated by vertical partitions made from the roof and lowered below the level of the heat carrier melt, and equipped with a branch pipe for the exit of pyrolysis gases into the capture and condensation system, while the device contains rail guides, made with the possibility of moving at least one container along them and located from the water to the outlet lock and laid below the level of the coolant melt, moreover, at least one container is made with perforated walls and with at least one horizontal partition, while the guides from the inlet lock up to the reaction chamber are made along a descending trajectory at an angle to the horizon and at the inlet to the reaction chamber they have the lowest point of the container movement trajectory, and from the reaction chamber to the outlet sluice the guides are made along an ascending trajectory.
- a reaction chamber is made, isolated by vertical partitions made from the roof and lowered below the level
- a slide and a bunker for unloading solid carbon-containing pyrolysis residue are installed at the exit gateway.
- the installation angle of the guides is 3-10 degrees.
- a technical solution for synchronous separate refining of pyrolysis products is proposed, which consists in creating a three-layer pyrolysis bath, in which the main lower layer is represented by a melt of elements of the heat-carrier alloy, the second intermediate separating layer is a melt of salts that separate the coolant from the third, upper layer of the melt, composed of complex of refining agents.
- the bath is formed by melting a liquid-metal coolant consisting of one or more metals from the group: lead, bismuth, zinc, aluminum, copper or an alloy of them, followed by melting a complex of salts on the surface of the coolant melt and completing the formation of the bath, the formation of the third layer by melting active additives in the form of a refining complex consisting of alkali and/or alkaline earth metals.
- a complex of refining agents to the liquid metal bath is selected in such a way as to exclude the formation of significant amounts of refractory intermetallic compounds, leading to an increase in the melting point of the melt of active additives.
- the separating layer of the salt melt in all conditions of practical testing of the method made it possible to maintain the minimum concentration of the active additive in the total mass of the bath at a minimum level of no more than 3–5% and the maximum concentration in the upper refining layer at a level of at least 95–97%.
- the proportion of the active additive is in the range of 0.1-5% by weight of the pyrolysis bath melt. This range has been established empirically, during the experiments it has also been established that an additive of less than 0.1% ceases to have a refining effect, and with an increase in the concentration of the additive over 5%, the cost of the additive begins to exceed the economic effect obtained from the refining of pyrolysis products.
- the optimal amount of salts that form a separating layer, which prevents or significantly reduces the dissolution of the active additive in the volume of the total bath, has also been established empirically and is in the same range of 0.1-5% by weight of the pyrolysis bath melt.
- the active additive is aimed at binding sulfur and chlorine, formed during the pyrolysis process, into stable chemical compounds, partially removed to the slag and subsequently removed from the plant.
- the first stage of the refining process of pyrolysis products which takes place inside the liquid metal bath with a minimum concentration of active additives, is aimed at refining a predominantly solid carbon-containing residue that remains inside the bath for a long time, sufficient to achieve an acceptable level of refining even with a minimum concentration of active additives. It has been empirically established that the optimal concentration of active additives in a liquid metal coolant is in the range of 0.1–5.0%. Less 0.1% refining impact is not observed, and over 5% refining costs begin to exceed the economic effect of refining.
- the second stage of the process aimed at refining pyrolysis exhaust gases, cannot be satisfactorily implemented inside the liquid metal bath for the following reasons:
- the explosive nature of the release of pyrolysis gases determines the minimum time of contact with the melt containing the minimum amount of refining agents
- two additional immiscible layers are created on the surface of the liquid metal bath from the coating-separating melt of salts of alkali and/or alkaline earth metals, on top of which there is an active layer consisting of a melt of alkali and/or alkaline earth metals.
- the melting temperature of the liquid metal bath melt must be higher than the melting temperature of the coating-separating salt melt, which, in turn, must be higher than the melting temperature of the melt constituting the active layer. This condition provides a constant fluid state of all layers of the bath.
- the density of the liquid metal bath melt must be greater than the density of the coating-separating salt melt, which, in turn, must be greater than the density of the melt constituting the active layer. This condition ensures the minimization of the transition of active additives into the volume of the liquid metal bath, where their activity will be much lower.
- liquid metal coolant based on one or more metals from the group: lead, bismuth, zinc, aluminum, copper, which make it possible to make a coolant with a melting point in the range from 232°C to 580°C (aluminum-copper alloy 50:50), which covers the entire temperature range of pyrolysis of the most common types of waste polymeric substances, additionally introduce one or more metals from the group: lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, capable of actively binding sulfur and chlorine and removing their compounds into slag, which achieves refining of predominantly solid carbonaceous residue
- Drops of the bath melt having the highest density are carried out in a smaller amount, and when they fall back, they pass through the layer of salt melt and are connected with the main mass of the bath, while drops of the melt of active components with a minimum density are retained by a layer of coating-separating salt melt and remain on the surface .
- a double synergistic effect is achieved - the energy of exhaust pyrolysis gases is used to disperse the active components, which does not require the creation of additional bubbling devices, and the presence of a cover-separating layer of molten salt largely prevents the mixing and dissolution of active additives in the total mass of the liquid metal bath, which allows you to constantly maintain their concentration and area of contact with pyrolysis gases at the highest possible level.
- non-ferrous metals or their alloys in various combinations of components allows you to select the optimal melting point of the liquid metal coolant, depending on the type of waste being processed, because for each type of polymer waste there is an optimal pyrolysis temperature. Also, the temperature of the bath allows you to adjust the ratio gaseous and solid products of pyrolysis, depending on the planned result of processing.
- a fusible coolant for example, a eutectic alloy of lead and tin or lead and bismuth, is quite sufficient for the pyrolysis of rubber waste at temperatures of 300-400°C and obtaining predominantly liquid products.
- a pyrolysis temperature of more than 550-600 ° C is required, which will require excessive overheating of the bath above the melting point, and this, in turn, leads to an increase in metallization (impregnation) of the refractory lining, or increased erosion of metal crucibles devices or reactors for liquid metal pyrolysis.
- the optimal temperature of the coolant overheating above the liquidus line is the range of 50-150 degrees.
- Low-superheated, less than 50 degrees coolant does not have sufficient heat storage and in the first seconds of the process solidifies on the surface of objects subjected to pyrolysis, forming a hard crust, which leads to an explosive release of pyrolysis gases that break the hardened coolant layer.
- High overheating, above 150 degrees increases the wear of the walls of the bath containing the coolant.
- the inventive method for pyrolysis of low-melting polymer wastes, for example, polypropylene and/or polyamide, waste rubber products is carried out using a special installation, the scheme of which is shown in Fig. 1, as follows: into the melt of the proposed liquid metal coolant, composed of at least one base metal, for example, lead or bismuth or, or alloys based on them with a bath operating temperature of 350-400 ° C and a density of at least 9 g /cm 3 , as in the lightest pure bismuth, at least one active additive is introduced, for example, in the form of metallic sodium, having a melting point of 98 ° C and a density of 0.96 g / cm 3 , and a layer of molten salts of the system is used for separation sodium chloride - 48%, lead chloride - 35% and zinc chloride - 17%, having a melting point of 320 ° C and a density of 2.5 g / cm 3 , that is, between those for a bath and
- containers 4 come out of the melt, are cooled to a temperature of less than 300 ° C, at which spontaneous flash is impossible pyrolysis residue in air, after which, through the outlet lock 12, the next spent container is pushed out to the slide 10 and the solid carbon-containing pyrolysis residue is unloaded from it into the hopper 11.
- the empty containers are reloaded with waste and fed into the inlet lock 6.
- the guides 2, along which the container moves along the installation, at the entrance to the chamber 1 have the lowest point of the trajectory LT, after which they acquire a positive slope to the horizon by an angle a, which prevents the container from being pushed back during the rapid release of pyrolysis gases in the event of a failure of the pushing mechanism 3.
- the value of the angle is established empirically and is 3-10 degrees. An angle of less than 3° does not provide protection against the reverse ejection of the container, and a slope of more than 10, on the contrary, causes premature ejection in the forward direction, while the container must be inside the bath for a strictly regulated time.
- Containers 4 have perforated walls for penetration of the melt and exit of pyrolysis gases, as well as at least one horizontal partition 5, necessary to disperse the sample of plastic waste throughout the volume of the container and increase the contact area of the sample with the coolant, otherwise the Archimedean force acting on the sample from the melt , compresses it into a compact monolithic lump and presses it against the upper wall of the container, which sharply reduces the contact area of the sample with the coolant, reduces the rate of heating of the sample and increases the pyrolysis reaction time.
- the proportion of the refining additive will be in the range of 0.1-5% by weight of the pyrolysis bath melt. This range has been established empirically, during the experiments it has also been established that an additive of less than 0.1% ceases to have a refining effect, and with an increase in the concentration of the additive over 5%, the cost of the additive begins to exceed the economic effect obtained from the refining of pyrolysis products.
- the optimal amount of salts that form a separating layer, which prevents or significantly reduces the dissolution of the active additive in the volume of the total bath, has also been established empirically and is in the same range of 0.1-5% by weight of the pyrolysis bath melt.
- a zinc-based melt with a working temperature in the range of 450-500 ° C is chosen as the heat carrier described in example N ° 1, which is used in the pyrolysis of polymer wastes having a higher degradation temperature, for example, polyethylene and / or polyvinyl chloride, latex waste , some grades of rubber, then it is most expedient to use calcium as a refining agent, because unlike the previous example, the main intermetallic compounds CasZn and Ca 5 Zn3 have a melting point lower than zinc itself and a density of 1.55 g/cm 3 .
- a separating salt melt for example, a ternary eutectic system of salts widely used in technology - 35% sodium chloride, 21% calcium chloride and 44% magnesium chloride, which has a melting point of 430 ° C and density 2.15 g/cm 3 that meets the requirements - to have these parameters at a level between the same indicators of the molten bath and refining additives. All other parameters and the course of the process are identical to those in example N°1.
- a melt of copper and aluminum is chosen as the heat carrier described in example N ° 1, for example, a eutectic alloy of 67% copper and 33% aluminum, which has a high density and heat capacity, with an operating temperature in the range of 570-700 ° C, which is used in pyrolysis polymeric wastes having an even higher temperature of destruction, for example, polystyrene and/or polyethylene terephthalate and/or plastic wastes heavily contaminated with wood, cardboard, then any of the proposed metals or an alloy of them - lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, however, for economic reasons, you should choose the cheapest alloy, consisting of 90% magnesium and 10% calcium with a melting point of 520 ° C, and as a separating layer, take an economical set of salts in the form of 40-60% sodium chloride and 60-40% calcium chloride with a melting point not higher than 550°C.
- a metal melt was used as a pyrolysis medium, in the first case consisting of pure lead, and in the second of lead with the addition of 0.3% sodium by weight.
- the addition of sodium over 0.3% is inappropriate, because. with a further increase in sodium consumption, a further decrease in the sulfur content in the solid carbon-containing residue no longer occurs.
- the addition of more than 0.3% sodium leads to stratification of the melt due to the fact that at a concentration of 0.3 mass percent or less, all sodium is bound into a stable intermetallic compound Pb3Ma, which forms solutions with lead in a wide range of concentrations, as a result of which the homogeneity of the melt coolant does not deteriorate.
- the sulfur content at the level of 0.25% corresponds to this indicator for the best grades of coal and allows using the solid carbon-containing residue as a commercial product without additional refining.
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
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- 2022-06-15 WO PCT/RU2022/050188 patent/WO2022265538A1/ru active Application Filing
- 2022-06-15 EP EP22825425.6A patent/EP4357672A1/en active Pending
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