WO2022264437A1 - 排気浄化装置 - Google Patents
排気浄化装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022264437A1 WO2022264437A1 PCT/JP2021/031535 JP2021031535W WO2022264437A1 WO 2022264437 A1 WO2022264437 A1 WO 2022264437A1 JP 2021031535 W JP2021031535 W JP 2021031535W WO 2022264437 A1 WO2022264437 A1 WO 2022264437A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- exhaust gas
- overflow pipe
- reducing agent
- exhaust
- case
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 101
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- WTHDKMILWLGDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea;hydrate Chemical compound O.NC(N)=O WTHDKMILWLGDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 13
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9431—Processes characterised by a specific device
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/90—Injecting reactants
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
- F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/20—Reductants
- B01D2251/206—Ammonium compounds
- B01D2251/2067—Urea
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an exhaust purification device.
- Patent Document 1 Conventional SCR (Selective catalytic reduction) systems that generate ammonia by injecting urea water into the passage of exhaust gas and thermally decomposing it, mix it with the exhaust gas and reduce nitrogen oxides. It is known as a technique (Patent Document 1).
- the urea water injection device In the device described in Patent Document 1, the urea water injection device must be arranged in the axial direction of the catalyst and filter, and the overflow pipe must be extended vertically, which imposes significant design restrictions.
- a contact device for bringing a reducing agent into contact with exhaust gas discharged from an internal combustion engine; a catalyst device that has a catalyst that promotes reaction with the reducing agent and is connected to the contact device, wherein the contact device includes an injection section that injects the reducing agent into the exhaust gas; and the injection section. and a tubular connecting portion that connects with the catalyst device and extends substantially parallel to the first direction.
- FIG. 1A and 1B are a perspective view and a cross-sectional view of a contact device and a DPF device according to a first embodiment;
- FIG. FIG. 3(a) is a cross-sectional view along line III-III of FIG. 2, and
- (b) is a diagram showing the arrangement of an SCR catalyst device, a DPF device, and an overflow pipe.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line VV of FIG. 4;
- FIG. 8A is a perspective view, (b) a cross-sectional view, (c) a cross-sectional view taken along line VIc, and (d) a cross-sectional view taken along line VId of a contact device and a DPF device according to a second modification. It is (a) perspective view and (b) sectional drawing of a contact device and a DPF device which concern on a 3rd modification.
- FIG. 4A is a perspective view, (b) a cross-sectional view, and (c) a cross-sectional view taken along line IXc-IXc showing a contact device and a catalyst device according to a second embodiment;
- FIG. 10 (a) is a perspective view, (b) is a cross-sectional view, and (c) is a cross-sectional view taken along line Xc-Xc, showing a contact device and an SCR catalyst device according to a second embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the arrangement of DPF and overflow pipes in the prior art
- a purification device 1 which is a first embodiment of an exhaust gas purification device, will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3.
- FIG. The purifying device 1 is a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) device, that is, a device that injects urea water into the exhaust gas and reduces nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas using ammonia as a reducing agent.
- SCR selective catalytic reduction
- the purification device 1 is attached to a vehicle 100 having a diesel engine 101 and purifies the exhaust gas of the diesel engine 101 .
- a vehicle 100 having a diesel engine 101 purifies the exhaust gas of the diesel engine 101 .
- front and rear, up and down, and left and right directions of the purification device 1 are defined based on the direction of the vehicle 100 as shown in FIG.
- the purification device 1 mainly includes a DOC device 2 having an oxidation catalyst (DOC: Diesel Oxidation Catalyst), a DPF device 3, a contact device 4, and an SCR catalyst device 5 having an SCR catalyst 51.
- DOC Diesel Oxidation Catalyst
- DPF device 3 a contact device 4
- SCR catalyst device 5 having an SCR catalyst 51.
- the DOC device 2 and the DPF device 3 are arranged side by side in the left-right direction of the vehicle 100 . These devices are connected via pipes or housings, and are in a state in which the internal spaces are connected (hereinafter also referred to as communication).
- Exhaust gas from the diesel engine 101 passes through the DOC device 2, the DPF device 3, the contact device 4, and the SCR catalyst device 5 in this order.
- the purification device 1 may have a configuration in which the diesel engine 101 and the SCR catalyst device 5 are connected via the contact device 4 without the DOC device 2 and the DPF device 3. is.
- the description will be made on the premise of the configuration including the DOC device 2 and the DPF device 3 (FIG. 1(a)).
- the DPF device 3 includes a case 31, a shell 33, and a DPF 34 (Diesel Particulate Filter), as shown in FIG.
- the case 31 is a housing that accommodates the shell 33 and the DPF 34, and is a substantially tubular member having an axis extending in the left-right direction.
- the shell 33 is formed in a substantially cylindrical shape having an axis extending in the left-right direction.
- the shell 33 is a cylindrical member having a smaller diameter than the case 31 and is housed inside the case 31 .
- the right end of the shell 33 forms an exhaust portion 33A having an opening for exhausting the exhaust gas that has passed through the DPF 34. As shown in FIG.
- the DPF 34 is a filter for collecting and removing particulate components in the exhaust gas, and has a cylindrical shape with an axis 34A.
- the DPF 34 is detachably housed inside the shell 33 so that the shaft 34A faces the left-right direction.
- the contact device 4 has the function of bringing the exhaust gas discharged from the DPF device 3 into contact with the urea water, which is a reducing agent, and further guiding the exhaust gas toward the SCR catalyst device 5 .
- the contact device 4 comprises a case 41, an injector 42, an overflow pipe 43 and a plurality of baffle plates 44 as shown in FIG.
- the case 41 is a housing forming the outer shell of the contact device 4, and the case 41 is attached so as to cover the right side of the case 31.
- the interior of the case 41 is hollow to guide the exhaust gas.
- a lower chamber 41A, a middle chamber 41B provided thereabove, and an upper chamber 41C above the middle chamber 41B are formed inside the case 41. These chambers 41A, 41B, and 41C communicate with each other, and can sequentially guide the exhaust gas discharged from the discharge portion 33A upward as indicated by the arrows in FIG.
- the lower chamber 41A is a chamber through which the exhaust gas discharged from the discharge part 33A first passes, is formed on the right side of the case 31 and communicates with the discharge part 33A.
- the upper chamber 41C is a chamber formed in the upper part of the case 41.
- urea water is injected into the exhaust gas, and the exhaust gas is guided to the overflow pipe 43 .
- the middle chamber 41B is formed between the lower chamber 41A and the upper chamber 41C, and has the function of adjusting the flow direction of the exhaust gas and guiding it from the lower chamber 41A to the upper chamber 41C.
- the injection device 42 is a device fixed to the upper end of the case 41, and has the function of directing the urea water into the upper chamber 41C and injecting it leftward.
- the injection device 42 is positioned above the overflow pipe 43 and injects the urea water above the overflow pipe 43 .
- the overflow pipe 43 is a tubular member extending in the left-right direction, and has a substantially elliptical cross-section that is vertically collapsed as shown in FIG.
- the overflow pipe 43 is provided to extend leftward from the upper portion of the case 41 as shown in FIG.
- the right end of the overflow pipe 43 is arranged inside the upper chamber 41C.
- An opening 43C is formed in the upper surface of the right end portion of the overflow pipe 43, and the inside of the overflow pipe 43 and the upper chamber 41C communicate through the opening 43C.
- a gap is formed between the outer peripheral portion of the overflow pipe 43 and the inner surface of the case 41 in the upper chamber 41C.
- the baffle plate 44 is a plate-shaped member that extends in the front-rear and up-down directions and is fixed to the top of the case 41 .
- a plurality of baffle plates 44 are arranged above the opening 43C so as to be aligned in the left-right direction.
- a lower end portion of the baffle plate 44 is positioned inside the overflow pipe 43 and forms a gap with the inner surface of the overflow pipe 43 (FIG. 3).
- the SCR catalyst device 5 is connected to the overflow pipe 43.
- the SCR catalyst device 5 has a function of receiving exhaust gas from the overflow pipe 43 and promoting the reduction reaction of nitrogen oxides with ammonia by the SCR catalyst 51 .
- the SCR catalyst 51 is a cylindrical member (FIG. 3(b)) having a horizontally extending axis 51A.
- the overflow pipe 43 is arranged parallel to the axis 51A and the axis 34A.
- the direction in which the overflow pipe 43 extends is within an angular range of ⁇ 5 degrees with respect to at least one of the shaft 51A and the shaft 34A (Fig. 3(b), the upper side is plus).
- the direction in which the overflow pipe 43 extends can be set not only in the horizontal direction, but also within an angle range of ⁇ 5 degrees with respect to the horizontal direction, including the following modifications and embodiments.
- overflow tube 43 is "substantially parallel" to axis 51A or axis 34A if the absolute value of the angle formed by overflow tube 43 with respect to axis 51A or axis 34A is 5 degrees or less. It is explained that there is It should be noted that the overflow pipe 43 can also form an intersection angle with respect to the axis 51A or the axis 34A in directions other than the vertical direction, for example, in the horizontal direction. Also, it is described that the direction in which the overflow pipe 43 extends is “substantially horizontal” when it is within the angle range of ⁇ 5 degrees with respect to the horizontal direction.
- the DOC device 2 oxidizes nitrogen oxides (NOx) in the exhaust gas. After that, the exhaust gas passes through the DPF device 3. At that time, the DPF 34 collects and removes particulate components in the exhaust gas. Exhaust gas is discharged from the right end surface of the DPF 34 and enters the contact device 4 through the discharge portion 33A.
- NOx nitrogen oxides
- the exhaust gas that has entered the contact device 4 passes through the lower chamber 41A, middle chamber 41B, and upper chamber 41C in this order. Inside the upper chamber 41C, the exhaust gas goes around the outside of the overflow pipe 43 and enters the inside of the overflow pipe 43 through the opening 43C. At this time, the exhaust gas flows along the outer periphery of the overflow pipe 43 to create two symmetrical swirl flows (hereinafter referred to as "swirl flows"), and maintains these swirl flows while flowing through the overflow pipe. 43 toward the SCR catalyst device 5 (FIGS. 2(b) and 3). The baffle plate 44 and overflow tube 43 are heated from inside and outside the tube by the moving exhaust gases.
- the middle chamber 41B is located below the upper chamber 41C and the overflow pipe 43, the exhaust gas moves in a direction crossing the direction in which the overflow pipe 43 extends when moving from the middle chamber 41B. Therefore, the flow velocity of the exhaust gas is less likely to decrease, and a swirling flow can be efficiently generated. Mixing and stirring of the ammonia and urea water and the exhaust gas are facilitated.
- urea water is injected from the injection device 42 in the upper chamber 41C.
- the urea water hits the baffle plate 44 and enters the overflow pipe 43 through the opening 43C together with the exhaust gas.
- Urea contained in the urea water is heated by the baffle plate 44 or the overflow pipe 43 to generate ammonia. Ammonia and the exhaust gas are mixed and agitated by the swirling flow of the exhaust gas.
- the overflow pipe 43 Since the exhaust gas moves around the overflow pipe 43, the overflow pipe 43 is easily heated, and ammonia is easily generated by heating the urea water. That is, the urea water adhering to the inside of the overflow pipe 43 is efficiently heated, making it possible to easily generate ammonia. In addition, the possibility that the urea water stays inside the overflow pipe 43 without generating ammonia and causes urea crystals to adhere is reduced.
- the exhaust gas that has passed through the overflow pipe 43 reaches the SCR catalyst device 5 .
- the SCR catalyst 51 promotes reduction of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas by ammonia. As a result, nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas are reduced to nitrogen.
- the shape and dimensions of the middle chamber are not limited to those shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, and may be various.
- a contact device 104 according to a first variant is shown in FIG.
- devices, members, and the like having the same configurations as those of the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals as those of the first embodiment, and descriptions thereof are omitted.
- the contact device 104 includes a case 141.
- a middle chamber 141B formed in the case 141 is positioned between the overflow pipe 43 and the case 31 and formed to extend left and right.
- the lateral length of the middle chamber 141B is substantially the same as the lateral length of the opening 43C.
- the exhaust gas flows into the overflow pipe 43 as it moves from the middle chamber 141B to the upper chamber 41C, as indicated by the arrows in FIGS. It moves in a direction substantially perpendicular to it, that is, straight up.
- the overflow pipe 43 Since the exhaust gas moves around the overflow pipe 43 over a wide range, the overflow pipe 43 is easily heated, and ammonia is easily generated by heating the urea water. That is, the urea water adhering to the inside of the overflow pipe 43 is efficiently heated, making it possible to easily generate ammonia. In addition, the possibility that the urea water stays inside the overflow pipe 43 without generating ammonia and causes urea crystals to adhere is reduced.
- the flow velocity of the exhaust gas is less likely to decrease, and a swirling flow can be efficiently generated. Mixing and stirring of the ammonia and urea water and the exhaust gas are facilitated.
- a contact device 204 according to a second variant is shown in FIG.
- a flow path 241D provided radially outward of the case 31 is formed.
- the middle chamber 241B is a space formed to extend in the left-right direction, and is positioned other than above the case 31, such as the front side or the rear side. Also, the middle chamber 241B is formed below the shaft 34A. Since the middle chamber 241B is not arranged above the case 31, the height dimension of the contact device 204 can be made smaller than the contact device 104 of the first modified example.
- the flow path 241D is a space formed between the outer peripheral surface of the case 31 and the inner peripheral surface of the case 241, and connects the middle chamber 241B and the upper chamber 41C.
- the exhaust gas moves obliquely downward from the lower chamber 41A and enters the middle chamber 241B, as indicated by the arrows in FIGS. 6(b) and (c). Further, the exhaust gas is divided into two flows, passes through the flow path 241D, and flows upward into the upper chamber 41C (FIG. 6(d)). The exhaust gas flows into the overflow pipe 43 while creating a swirling flow in the upper chamber 41C.
- the movement of the exhaust gas inside the upper chamber 41C and the injection of urea water are the same as in the first embodiment. That is, even in such a configuration, it is possible to obtain the same effect as in the first embodiment while suppressing the height of the device.
- a DPF device 303 and a contact device 304 according to a third modification are shown in FIG.
- DPF device 303 has case 31 , shell 133 , DPF 34 and gasket 135 .
- a gap between the outer peripheral surface of the shell 133 and the inner peripheral surface of the case 31 is filled with a gasket 135 to prevent exhaust gas from leaking.
- the contact device 304 also has a case 341 .
- the shell 133 is a substantially cylindrical member, and the right end surface of the shell 133 contacts the case 341 .
- a plurality of openings 133B extending through the side wall of the shell 133 are formed in the discharge portion 133A so as to be aligned in the circumferential direction.
- the exhaust gas can flow radially outward of the shell 133 through the plurality of openings 133B.
- the lower chamber 341A is formed to have an annular shape when viewed in the horizontal direction.
- Lower chamber 341A communicates with middle chamber 41B at its upper portion.
- the exhaust gas discharged from the discharge portion 133A is guided to the lower chamber 341A, middle chamber 41B, and upper chamber 41C and moves upward. After that, similarly to the first embodiment and the first modified example, the upwardly moving exhaust gas flows into the overflow pipe 43 while creating a swirling flow in the upper chamber 41C.
- the lengths of the DPF device 303 and the contact device 4 in the left-right direction can be shortened to achieve a compact configuration.
- the right end of the shell 133 can be brought into contact with the case 341, the lateral dimension of the case 341 can be reduced.
- the overflow pipe 43 is arranged so that its extending direction is substantially parallel to the axial direction of the DPF 34, but as shown in the following second embodiment, the extending direction or axial direction of the SCR catalyst 51 may be arranged so as to be substantially parallel to the .
- a purification device 401 according to the second embodiment is described below.
- devices, members, and the like having the same configurations as those of the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals as those of the first embodiment, and descriptions thereof are omitted.
- the purification device 401 mainly includes a DOC device 2, a DPF device 3, a contact device 404, and an SCR catalyst device 5 having an SCR catalyst 51, as shown in FIG.
- the purification device 401 does not include the DOC device 2 and the DPF device 3, and is configured such that the diesel engine 101 and the SCR catalyst device 5 are connected via the contact device 4. is also possible. However, in the following description, unless otherwise specified, the configuration including the DOC device 2 and the DPF device 3 (FIGS. 8A and 8B) will be assumed.
- the DPF device 3 and the contact device 404 are spaced apart in the front-rear direction.
- the SCR catalyst device 5 is fixed to the chassis of the vehicle 100.
- the SCR catalyst 51 of the SCR catalyst device 5 is formed in a columnar shape, and has an axis 51A, which extends longitudinally and horizontally or substantially horizontally (FIGS. 8 and 9).
- the SCR catalyst device 5 is supplied with the exhaust gas from the contact device 404 and promotes the reduction reaction of nitrogen oxides by the SCR catalyst 51 .
- the contact device 404 includes a case 441, an injector 442, an overflow pipe 443, a plurality of baffle plates 444, and a pipe 445, as shown in FIG.
- the case 441 is a substantially cylindrical member that extends forward and backward, and is connected to the exhaust portion 33A to receive the supply of exhaust gas. Like the upper chamber 41C of the first embodiment, the case 441 has a function of bringing the exhaust gas into contact with the urea water therein.
- the injection device 442 is fixed to the upper front end of the case 441 .
- the injection device 442 has a function of injecting the urea water backward toward the inside of the case 441 .
- the injection device 442 is positioned above the overflow pipe 443 and injects the urea water above the overflow pipe 443 .
- the overflow pipe 443 is a substantially horizontal pipe that extends back and forth and connects the case 441 and the SCR catalyst device 5, and as shown in FIG.
- the axis of the overflow pipe 43 coincides with the axis 51A.
- the front end of the overflow pipe 43 is arranged inside the case 441 .
- An opening 443C is formed in the upper surface of the front end portion of the overflow pipe 443, and the overflow pipe 443 and the case 441 communicate with each other through the opening 443C.
- a gap is formed between the outer peripheral surface of the overflow pipe 443 and the inner surface of the case 441 within the case 441 .
- the baffle plate 444 is a plate-shaped member extending in the left-right and up-down directions, and fixed to the inner upper surface of the case 441 .
- a plurality of baffle plates 444 are arranged above the opening 443C so as to line up in the front-rear direction.
- the lower end of the baffle plate 444 is located inside the overflow pipe 443 and forms a gap with the inner surface of the overflow pipe 443 (FIG. 9(c)).
- the pipe 445 has the function of connecting the case 441 and the discharge portion 33A and guiding the exhaust gas from the discharge portion 33A to the case 441.
- the rear end of pipe 445 extends in a direction intersecting the direction in which overflow pipe 443 extends, preferably at right angles.
- connection direction between the pipe 445 and the case 441 can be various directions.
- the rear end of pipe 445 can be bent upward and connected to case 441 .
- the exhaust gas goes around the outside of the overflow pipe 443 while moving upward, and moves into the overflow pipe 43 through the opening 443C.
- the rear end of pipe 445 can be extended in the left-right direction and connected to case 441 .
- the SCR catalyst 51 it is also possible to install the SCR catalyst 51 so that the axis 51A extends in the left-right direction, as shown in FIG. 11, for example.
- the length of the gap provided between the pipe 445 and the inner peripheral surface of the case 441 is the length of the side connected to the pipe 445 (Fig. 10(c), L2) and the length of the opposite side (L3 ). This is to adjust the pressure loss due to the difference in path length, and bring the flow rate, flow velocity, or magnitude of the swirl flow of the exhaust gas closer to symmetry.
- the exhaust gas moves horizontally around the overflow pipe 443 and moves into the overflow pipe 43 through the opening 443C.
- the pipe 445 is preferably connected so as to intersect the direction in which the overflow pipe 43 extends, but if there are design restrictions, the rear end of the pipe 445 does not have to extend in the direction intersecting the overflow pipe 443. .
- a configuration in which the rear end of the pipe 445 extends in the same direction as the overflow pipe 443 and is connected to the case 441 is also possible.
- the principle of purification of exhaust gas in the purification device 401 is the same as that of the purification device 1 of the first embodiment. That is, the DOC device 2 oxidizes nitrogen oxides (NOx) in the exhaust gas, after which the exhaust gas passes through the DPF device 3 . At that time, the DPF 34 collects and removes particulate components in the exhaust gas. Exhaust gases are discharged from the DPF 34 and flow into the piping 445 of the contactor 4 .
- NOx nitrogen oxides
- urea water is injected from the injection device 442 in the upper chamber 441C.
- the urea water hits the baffle plate 444 and is sent into the overflow pipe 443 through the opening 443C together with the exhaust gas.
- Urea contained in the urea water is heated by baffle plate 444 or overflow pipe 443 to generate ammonia.
- the swirling flow of the exhaust gas causes the ammonia and the exhaust gas to be mixed and stirred.
- the exhaust gas advances in the direction in which the pipe 445 extends and flows in a direction crossing the overflow pipe 443 . Therefore, the flow velocity of the exhaust gas is less likely to decrease, and a swirling flow can be efficiently generated. Mixing and stirring of the ammonia and urea water and the exhaust gas are facilitated.
- the exhaust gas that has passed through the overflow pipe 443 reaches the SCR catalyst device 5, and nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas are reduced to nitrogen.
- the purification device 1, 401 includes the DPF 34 that collects particulate components in the exhaust gas discharged from the diesel engine 101 (corresponding to an internal combustion engine), and the exhaust gas that has passed through the DPF 34 It has a DPF device 3, 303 (corresponding to a filter device) having discharge portions 33A, 133A for discharging the The purifier 1, 401 also has a contact device 4, 104, 204, 304, 404, which is connected and communicated with the discharge part 33A, 133A, and brings the reducing agent containing urea into contact with the exhaust gas.
- the purification device 1, 401 is connected and communicated with the contact device 4, 104, 204, 304, 404, and has a catalyst device 5 having an SCR catalyst that promotes the reaction between the nitrogen oxide of the exhaust gas and the reducing agent.
- the contact device 4 connects the injectors (injectors 42, 442 and upper chambers 41C, 441C) for injecting the reducing agent into the exhaust gas, the injectors and the catalyst device 5, and connects at least one of the shaft 34A and the shaft center 51A. and overflow pipes 43, 443 (corresponding to connecting portions) extending in parallel or substantially parallel to each other.
- the contact devices 4, 104, 204, 404 do not necessarily have to be arranged coaxially with the DPF 34.
- the contact devices 4 , 104 , 204 , 304 can be arranged substantially parallel to the DPF 34
- the contact device 404 can be arranged below the DPF 34
- the catalyst device 5 can be arranged substantially parallel. Therefore, there are few restrictions in designing the device.
- the size of the area in which the purification device 1, 401 can be arranged is limited due to the influence of the vehicle width and the size of the chassis of the vehicle 100 . With the above configuration, the size of the device can be suppressed while maintaining the purification performance of the exhaust gas.
- the horizontal projection dimension (indicated as L1 in FIG. 2) from the end of the case 31 can be suppressed, and the horizontal dimension can be reduced. Therefore, it can be installed even in a vehicle 100 having a small vehicle width (FIG. 1, etc.).
- the overflow pipes 43, 443 extend horizontally or substantially horizontally. Since there is no need to vertically extend the overflow pipe unlike the prior art, there are few restrictions on the design of the purifier 1, 401.
- the injectors 42, 442 are arranged above the openings 43C, 443C of the overflow pipes 43, 443.
- the injectors 42, 442 are located above the substantially horizontal overflow pipes 43, 443, there is no need to arrange the overflow pipes and the injectors side by side as in the prior art.
- the injection device 42 is arranged above the openings 43C and 443C to inject the reducing agent into the upper chamber 41C, the reducing agent smoothly flows into the overflow pipes 43 and 443 and is mixed with the exhaust gas. well mixed.
- the overflow pipe 43 is located above the DPF 34.
- the contact device 4 includes a guide section (middle chambers 41B, 141B, 241B, flow path 241D, pipe 445) that guides the exhaust gas from the discharge section 33A.
- This guide guides the exhaust gases in a direction transverse to the overflow pipe 43, preferably perpendicularly.
- the flow velocity of the exhaust gas is less likely to decrease, and a swirling flow can be efficiently generated. Mixing and stirring of the ammonia and urea water and the exhaust gas are facilitated.
- a cylindrical shell 133 that houses the DPF 34 has a discharge portion 133A.
- An opening 133B that penetrates the side wall of the shell 133 is formed in the discharge portion 133A.
- the exhaust gas can flow radially outward of the shell 133 through the openings 133B.
- the overhang dimension of the contact device 4 can be shortened, and a compact configuration can be achieved.
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Abstract
Description
排気浄化装置の第1実施形態である浄化装置1について、図1~図3を参照しつつ以下に説明する。浄化装置1は、選択式触媒による還元(SCR)、すなわち尿素水を排気ガスに噴射し、還元剤であるアンモニアを用いて排気ガス中の窒素酸化物の還元を行う装置である。
浄化装置1における排気ガスの浄化について以下に説明する。DOC装置2は、排気ガス中の窒素酸化物(NOx)を酸化させる。その後、排気ガスがDPF装置3を通過するが、その際にDPF34が排気ガス中の微粒子成分を捕集して除去する。排気ガスは、DPF34の右端面から排出され、排出部33Aを通過して接触装置4へ入る。
なお中部チャンバの形状、寸法は、図2、図3に示したものに限定されず、様々なものとすることができる。第1変形例による接触装置104として図4に示す。なお、以下では第1実施形態と同様の構成を備える装置、部材等には第1実施形態と同じ参照番号を付し、説明を省略する。
第2変形例による接触装置204を図6に示す。接触装置204のケース241には、下部チャンバ41A、中部チャンバ241B、上部チャンバ41Cに加えて、ケース31の径方向外方に設けられた流路241Dが形成される。
第3変形例によるDPF装置303及び接触装置304を図7に示す。DPF装置303は、ケース31、シェル133、DPF34及びガスケット135を有する。シェル133の外周面とケース31の内周面との隙間はガスケット135によって塞がれ、排気ガスの漏れが防止されている。また、接触装置304はケース341を有する。
第2実施形態による浄化装置401を、以下に説明する。なお、以下では第1実施形態と同様の構成を備える装置、部材等には第1実施形態と同じ参照番号を付し、説明を省略する。
浄化装置401における排気ガスの浄化の原理は実施形態1の浄化装置1と同様である。すなわち、DOC装置2は、排気ガス中の窒素酸化物(NOx)を酸化し、その後排気ガスがDPF装置3を通過する。その際にDPF34が排気ガス中の微粒子成分を捕集して除去する。排気ガスは、DPF34から排出され、接触装置4の配管445へ流入する。
上記の各実施形態、変形例において、浄化装置1、401は、ディーゼルエンジン101(内燃機関に相当)から排出された排気ガス中の微粒子成分を捕集するDPF34、及び、DPF34を通過した排気ガスを排出する排出部33A、133Aを有するDPF装置3、303(フィルタ装置に相当)を有する。また浄化装置1、401は、排出部33A、133Aと接続、連通し、尿素を含有する還元剤と排気ガスと接触させる接触装置4、104、204、304、404を有する。また、浄化装置1、401は、接触装置4、104、204、304、404と接続、連通し、前記排気ガスの窒素酸化物と前記還元剤との反応を促進させるSCR触媒を有する触媒装置5を備える。接触装置4は、排気ガスへ還元剤を噴射する噴射部(噴射装置42、442及び上部チャンバ41C、441C)と、噴射部と触媒装置5とを接続し、軸34A及び軸心51Aの少なくとも1つと平行または略平行に延びるオーバーフロー管43、443(接続部に相当)と、を有する。
3、303 DPF装置
4、104、204、304 接触装置
5 SCR触媒装置
41、141、241、341 ケース
41A、341A 下部チャンバ
41B、141B、241B 中部チャンバ
241D 流路
41C、441C 上部チャンバ
42、442 噴射装置
43、443 オーバーフロー管
44 バッフルプレート
Claims (7)
- 内燃機関から排出された排気ガスに還元剤を接触させる接触装置と、
第1方向に延びる軸を有するとともに前記排気ガスの窒素酸化物と前記還元剤との反応を促進させる触媒を有する、前記接触装置と接続される触媒装置と、を備え、
前記接触装置は、
前記排気ガスへ前記還元剤を噴射する噴射部と、
前記噴射部と前記触媒装置とを接続し、前記第1方向と略平行に延びる管状の接続部と、を有する、
排気浄化装置。 - 前記排気ガス中の微粒子成分を捕集する、第2方向に延びる軸を有するフィルタ、及び、前記フィルタを通過した前記排気ガスを前記接続部へ排出する排出部、を有するフィルタ装置をさらに備え、
前記接続部は、前記第1方向及び前記第2方向の少なくとも1つと略平行に延びる、請求項1に記載の排気浄化装置。 - 前記接続部は前記フィルタの上方に位置する、請求項2に記載の排気浄化装置。
- 前記接触装置は、前記排出部からの前記排気ガスを、前記接続部の延びる方向と交差する方向に案内する案内部をさらに有する、請求項2または3に記載の排気浄化装置。
- 前記フィルタ装置は、前記フィルタを収容する、前記排出部を持った筒状部材をさらに有し、
前記排出部には、前記筒状部材の側壁を貫通する開口が形成される、請求項2から4のいずれか1項に記載の排気浄化装置。 - 前記接続部は略水平に延びる、請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載の排気浄化装置。
- 前記噴射部は、前記排気ガスが通過する噴射室と、前記噴射室へ前記還元剤を噴射する噴射装置と、を有し
前記接続部は、上部に開口が形成された端部を有し、
前記噴射装置は前記端部の上方に前記還元剤を噴射する、請求項6に記載の排気浄化装置。
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JP2006125324A (ja) * | 2004-10-29 | 2006-05-18 | Nissan Diesel Motor Co Ltd | 液体還元剤噴射ノズル構造 |
US20140193318A1 (en) * | 2009-04-02 | 2014-07-10 | Cummins Filtration Ip, Inc. | Reductant Decomposition System |
JP6077665B2 (ja) | 2012-10-26 | 2017-02-08 | ダイムラー・アクチェンゲゼルシャフトDaimler AG | 排気ガスシステム |
JP2018044528A (ja) * | 2016-09-16 | 2018-03-22 | マツダ株式会社 | エンジンの排気浄化装置 |
JP2018145952A (ja) * | 2017-03-09 | 2018-09-20 | 日野自動車株式会社 | 排気浄化装置 |
JP2021001548A (ja) * | 2019-06-19 | 2021-01-07 | いすゞ自動車株式会社 | 板状部材の位置決め構造、流路装置および板状部材の位置決め方法 |
JP2021071108A (ja) * | 2019-11-01 | 2021-05-06 | 株式会社三五 | 排気浄化装置 |
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Patent Citations (7)
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JP2006125324A (ja) * | 2004-10-29 | 2006-05-18 | Nissan Diesel Motor Co Ltd | 液体還元剤噴射ノズル構造 |
US20140193318A1 (en) * | 2009-04-02 | 2014-07-10 | Cummins Filtration Ip, Inc. | Reductant Decomposition System |
JP6077665B2 (ja) | 2012-10-26 | 2017-02-08 | ダイムラー・アクチェンゲゼルシャフトDaimler AG | 排気ガスシステム |
JP2018044528A (ja) * | 2016-09-16 | 2018-03-22 | マツダ株式会社 | エンジンの排気浄化装置 |
JP2018145952A (ja) * | 2017-03-09 | 2018-09-20 | 日野自動車株式会社 | 排気浄化装置 |
JP2021001548A (ja) * | 2019-06-19 | 2021-01-07 | いすゞ自動車株式会社 | 板状部材の位置決め構造、流路装置および板状部材の位置決め方法 |
JP2021071108A (ja) * | 2019-11-01 | 2021-05-06 | 株式会社三五 | 排気浄化装置 |
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