Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
  • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
  • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
  • A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
  • A24D3/062—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters characterised by structural features
  • A24D3/063—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters characterised by structural features of the fibers
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
  • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
  • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
  • D04H1/425—Cellulose series
  • D04H1/4258—Regenerated cellulose series
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
  • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
  • A24D1/00—Cigars; Cigarettes
  • A24D1/02—Cigars; Cigarettes with special covers
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
  • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
  • A24D1/00—Cigars; Cigarettes
  • A24D1/20—Cigarettes specially adapted for simulated smoking devices
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
  • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
  • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
  • A24D3/02—Manufacture of tobacco smoke filters
  • A24D3/0204—Preliminary operations before the filter rod forming process, e.g. crimping, blooming
  • A24D3/0212—Applying additives to filter materials
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
  • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
  • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
  • A24D3/02—Manufacture of tobacco smoke filters
  • A24D3/0204—Preliminary operations before the filter rod forming process, e.g. crimping, blooming
  • A24D3/0212—Applying additives to filter materials
  • A24D3/022—Applying additives to filter materials with liquid additives, e.g. application of plasticisers
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
  • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
  • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
  • A24D3/02—Manufacture of tobacco smoke filters
  • A24D3/0229—Filter rod forming processes
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
  • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
  • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
  • A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
  • A24D3/08—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of organic materials as carrier or major constituent
  • A24D3/10—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of organic materials as carrier or major constituent of cellulose or cellulose derivatives
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
  • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
  • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
  • A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
  • A24D3/14—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of organic materials as additive
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
  • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
  • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
  • A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
  • A24D3/16—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of inorganic materials
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
  • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
  • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
  • A24D3/17—Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
  • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
  • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
  • D04H1/425—Cellulose series
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
  • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
  • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
  • D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
  • D04H1/492—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres by fluid jet
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
  • D04H1/70—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
  • D04H1/72—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged
  • D04H1/732—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged by fluid current, e.g. air-lay

Definitions

• the invention relates to a filter material for a smoking article, a segment made therefrom for a smoking article and a smoking article made therefrom, the filter material having a structure which lends a segment made therefrom favorable properties with regard to the tendency to creep.
• Smoking articles are typically rod-shaped articles consisting of at least two rod-shaped segments arranged one after the other.
• a segment contains a material that is in the
• the smoking article can be a filter cigarette in which a first segment contains the aerosol-forming material, in particular tobacco, and in which a further segment, which is designed as a filter, serves to filter the aerosol.
• the aerosol is generated by burning the aerosol-forming material, and the filter primarily serves to filter the aerosol and to equip the filter cigarette with a defined draw resistance.
• the smoking article can also be a so-called tobacco heater, in which the aerosol-forming material is only heated but not burned. This reduces the number and amount of harmful substances in the aerosol.
• Such a smoking article also consists of at least two, but more often more, in particular four segments.
• One segment contains the aerosol forming material, which typically comprises tobacco, reconstituted tobacco, tobacco processed by other processes, or nicotine, and glycerol or propylene glycol.
• Other segments in the tobacco heater are used to direct the aerosol, cool the aerosol or filter the aerosol.
• the segments are mostly encased by an encasing material. Paper is very often used as a wrapping material.
• segment is understood to mean the segment of a smoking article that does not contain the aerosol-forming material but is used, for example, to convey, cool or filter the aerosol.
• the object of the invention is to provide a filter material for a smoking article which allows segments to be produced therefrom which are superior to segments known from the prior art in terms of their resistance to deformation with similarly good biodegradability.
• the filter material being hydroentangled and containing at least 50% and at most 100% cellulose fibers, each based on the mass of the filter material, the filter material having a basis weight of at least 15 g /m 2 and not more than 60 g/m 2 , the thickness of a layer of the filter material, measured according to ISO 534:2011, being at least 25 ⁇ m and not more than 400 ⁇ m, and the filter material having a tendency to creep in the direction of thickness of at most 10%, where the creep tendency is the relative decrease in the thickness of 5 layers of filter material, measured according to ISO 534:2011, within 20 s after the start of the thickness measurement.
• the filter material is produced by hydroentanglement. This
• Manufacturing processes give the filter material characteristic properties that distinguish it from other filter materials and in particular from paper and cannot be achieved in an identical manner by other manufacturing processes.
• the strength of the hydroentangled filter material is achieved by the turbulence of the fibers. This creates a particularly porous structure that gives a segment made from this filter material a good balance between draw resistance and filtration efficiency.
• such segments are often too soft, especially due to the porous structure.
• the inventors have found that, with regard to the hardness in the perception of the consumer, it is not so important that the segment reacts to loading with only small deformations, but rather that a small but lasting load does not cause a large permanent deformation of the segment segments.
• This is related to the use of smoking articles, in particular filter cigarettes, where the consumer pinches the cigarette in the area of the filter between his fingers and holds it in this position while gesturing with the same hand, for example, while constantly pressing on the filter area exercises In this case, the segment of the smoking article should not be deformed to any appreciable extent.
• smoking articles for tobacco heating systems which require significantly more manipulation by the consumer than filter cigarettes due to their use in a mostly electrically operated heating device.
• the hardness of smoking articles and smoking article segments is routinely measured by deflection under short but heavy loads. According to the discoveries of the inventors, what matters in the customer's perception is the deformation under longer but smaller loads.
• the inventors have found that this problem can be solved by providing the hydroentangled filter material with a structure in which a larger proportion of the fibers of the filter material are oriented in the thickness direction.
• the fibers aligned in the direction of thickness stabilize the porous structure of the filter material and allow greater resistance to deformation under sustained low loads.
• the fibers arranged in the thickness direction can be influenced by the number and pressure of the water jets and the shape of the nozzles from which the water jets emerge.
• the structure of the filter material obtained from this process can be characterized by the tendency to creep in the direction of thickness, which describes how much the filter material deforms under low but sustained stress.
• the tendency to creep can be determined by measuring the thickness according to ISO 534:2011.
• ISO 534:2011 When measuring the thickness, according to ISO 534:2011, a sample is placed on a flat surface and loaded with a defined but low force using a cylindrical stamp. The distance between the indenter face and the pad is the thickness and is determined according to ISO 534:2011 after the indenter has been placed on the specimen.
• the tendency to creep can also be determined.
• Five layers of the sample material are placed on the base and the thickness measurement is started in accordance with ISO 534:2011.
• the value for the thickness of the five layers (d 0 ) displayed immediately after the start of the measurement is read and after 20 s another value for the thickness of the five layers (d 20 ) is read.
• the creep tendency C is then the relative change in thickness over that 20 s and can be calculated by the following formula and expressed as a percentage.
• the filter material according to the invention contains cellulose fibers.
• the cellulose fibers are required to provide the filter material with sufficient strength so that it can be processed into a segment.
• the proportion of cellulose fibers in the filter material is at least 50% and at most 100% of the mass of the filter material, but preferably at least 60% and at most 100% and particularly preferably at least 70% and at most 95%, in each case based on the mass of the filter material.
• the cellulosic fibers may be wood pulp fibers or regenerated cellulosic fibers or mixtures thereof.
• the cellulose fibers are preferably obtained from conifers, deciduous trees or other plants such as hemp, flax, jute, ramie, kenaf, kapok, coconut, abaca, sisal, bamboo, cotton or from esparto grass. Mixtures of cellulose fibers from different origins can also be used to produce the hydroentangled filter material.
• the cellulose fibers are particularly preferably obtained from coniferous trees, because even a small proportion of such fibers give the filter material good strength.
• the filter material according to the invention can contain fibers made from regenerated cellulose.
• the proportion of fibers made from regenerated cellulose is preferably at least 5% and at most 50%, particularly preferably at least 10% and at most 45% and very particularly preferably at least 15% and at most 40%, in each case based on the mass of the filter material.
• the fibers made of regenerated cellulose are preferably formed at least partially, in particular at least 70%, by viscose fibers, modal fibers, Lyocell® fibers, Tencel® fibers or mixtures thereof. These fibers have good biodegradability and can be used to optimize the strength of the filter material and adjust the filtration efficiency of the smoking article segment made from it. Due to their manufacturing process, they are less variable than pulp fibers obtained from natural sources and help to ensure that the properties of a segment made from the filter material vary less than when only pulp fibers are used. However, their production is more complex and they are usually more expensive than cellulose fibers.
• the basis weight of the filter material is at least 15 g/m 2 and at most 60 g/m 2 , preferably at least 18 g/m 2 and at most 55 g/m 2 and particularly preferably at least 20 g/m 2 and at most 50 g/m 2 .
• the basis weight influences the tensile strength of the filter material, with a higher basis weight generally leading to higher strength.
• the basis weight should not be too high, because then the filter material can no longer be processed at high speed into segments for smoking articles.
• the information relates to a basis weight measured according to ISO 536:2019.
• the filter material has a tendency to creep in the thickness direction of at most 10%, preferably at least 0% and at most 9%, particularly preferably at least 0% and at most 8% and very particularly preferably at least 1% and at most 5%.
• the tendency to creep should be as low as possible, but the filter material is deformed during processing into a segment of a smoking article and should not offer too much resistance to this deformation and should also retain a deformed position.
• the preferred intervals are particularly favorable in this regard.
• the tendency to creep in the direction of thickness is determined, as described above, based on ISO 534:2011.
• the filter material according to the invention can contain additives such as alkyl ketene dimers (AKD), acid anhydrides such as alkenyl succinic anhydrides (ASA), polyvinyl alcohol, waxes, fatty acids, starch, starch derivatives, carboxymethyl cellulose, alginates, chitosan, wet strength agents or substances for adjusting the pH, such as contain organic or inorganic acids or bases to set specific properties.
• additives such as alkyl ketene dimers (AKD), acid anhydrides such as alkenyl succinic anhydrides (ASA), polyvinyl alcohol, waxes, fatty acids, starch, starch derivatives, carboxymethyl cellulose, alginates, chitosan, wet strength agents or substances for adjusting the pH, such as contain organic or inorganic acids or bases to set specific properties.
• additives such as alkyl ketene dimers (AKD), acid anhydrides such as alkenyl succinic anhydrides (ASA), poly
• the filter material according to the invention can also contain one or more additives selected from the group consisting of citrates such as trisodium citrate or tripotassium citrate, malates, tartrates, acetates such as sodium acetate or potassium acetate, nitrates, succinates, fumarates, Gluconates, glycolates, lactates, oxylates, salicylates, a-hydroxycaprylates, phosphates, polyphosphates, chlorides and bicarbonates, and mixtures thereof.
• citrates such as trisodium citrate or tripotassium citrate
• malates tartrates
• acetates such as sodium acetate or potassium acetate
• nitrates succinates
• fumarates Gluconates
• glycolates lactates
• oxylates oxylates
• salicylates a-hydroxycaprylates
• phosphates polyphosphates
• chlorides and bicarbonates and mixtures thereof.
• the filter material according to the invention can also comprise other substances which better match the filtration efficiency of the filter material to that of cellulose acetate.
• the filter material comprises a substance selected from the group consisting of triacetin, propylene glycol, sorbitol, glycerol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol and triethyl citrate or mixtures thereof.
• the cellulose fibers are loaded with a filler, the filler being particularly preferably formed by mineral particles and, in particular, calcium carbonate particles. Since the structure of the filter material is very porous, it cannot retain fillers, so it is beneficial to load the cellulose fibers with the fillers and thus fix them in the structure of the filter material. Fillers can be used to give the filter material special properties.
• the thickness of a layer of the filter material measured according to ISO 534:2011, is at least 25 ⁇ m and at most 400 ⁇ m, preferably at least 30 ⁇ m and at most 350 ⁇ m and particularly preferably at least 35 ⁇ m and at most 300 ⁇ m.
• Thickness affects the amount of filter material that can be packed into the segment of the smoking article and hence the segment's draw resistance and filtration efficiency, but also the processability of the filter material since it is often crimped or pleated to make a segment for a smoking article. Too great a thickness is unfavorable for such process steps, and thicknesses in the preferred and particularly preferred intervals allow the filter material according to the invention to be processed particularly well into a segment of a smoking article.
• the mechanical properties of the filter material are important for processing the filter material according to the invention into a segment of a smoking article.
• the broad-related tensile strength of the filter material is preferably at least 0.05 kN/m and at most 5 kN/m, particularly preferably at least 0.07 kN/m and at most 4 kN/m.
• the elongation at break of the filter material is important because when the filter material according to the invention is processed into a segment of a smoking article, the filter material is often stretched or loaded in the running direction and a particularly high elongation at break is favorable.
• the elongation at break of the filter material measured according to ISO 1924-2:2008, is therefore preferably at least 0.5% and at most 50% and particularly preferably at least 0.8% and at most 40%.
• the elongation at break is mainly determined by the length of the fibers, with longer fibers leading to a higher elongation at break, and it can thus be adapted over a wide range to the specific requirements of the filter material.
• Tensile strength and elongation at break can depend on the direction in which the sample was taken from the filter material for measurement. The specified characteristics of the filter material are met in each case if the tensile strength or elongation at break is in the preferred or particularly preferred ranges in at least one direction.
• Segments for smoking articles according to the invention can be produced from the filter material according to the invention by methods known from the prior art. These methods include, for example, crimping or folding the filter material, forming an endless strand from the crimped or folded filter material, wrapping the endless strand with a wrapping material, and cutting the wrapped strand into individual rods of a defined length. In many cases the length of such a rod is an integer multiple of the length of the segment then to be used in the smoking article of the invention and therefore the rods are cut into segments of the desired length before or during manufacture of the smoking article.
• the invention thus relates in a further aspect to a segment for a smoking article, comprising a filter material and a wrapping material, wherein the filter material contains at least 50% and at most ioo% cellulose fibers, based on the mass of the filter material, the filter material has a weight per unit area of at least 15 g/m 2 and at most 60 g/m 2 , the thickness of a layer of the filter material, measured according to ISO 534:2011, being at least 25 ⁇ m and at most 400 ⁇ m, and the filter material having a tendency to creep in the direction of thickness of at most 10%, the tendency to creep being the relative decrease in the thickness of 5 layers of filter material, measured according to ISO 534:2011, within 20 s after the start of the thickness measurement.
• the tendency to creep can also be determined using the method described above on filter material that has been taken from one or more segments of the same type, provided that the area and shape of the spread out filter material is at least sufficient to cover the entire area of the stamp when measuring the thickness according to ISO 534:2011 to cover.
• the segment for smoking articles according to the invention comprises the filter material according to the invention and a wrapping material.
• the segment is cylindrical with a diameter of at least 3 mm and at most 10 mm, particularly preferably at least 4 mm and at most 9 mm and most preferably at least 5 mm and at most 8 mm. These diameters are favorable for the use of the segments according to the invention in smoking articles.
• the segment has a length of at least 4 mm and at most 40 mm, particularly preferably at least 6 mm and at most 35 mm and very particularly preferably at least 10 mm and at most 28 mm.
• the draw resistance of the segment determines, among other things, what pressure difference the consumer must apply when using the smoking article in order to generate a certain volume flow through the smoking article, and it therefore has a significant influence on the consumer's acceptance of the smoking article.
• the draw resistance of the segment can be measured according to ISO 6565:2015 and is given in mm water column (mmWG).
• mmWG mm water column
• the tensile resistance of the segment is proportional to the length of the segment, so that the tensile resistance can also be measured on rods that differ from the segment only in length. From this, the drag resistance of the segment can be easily calculated.
• the tensile resistance of the segment per length of the segment is preferably at least 1 mmWG/mm and at most 12 mmWG/mm and particularly preferably at least 2 mmWG/mm and at most 10 mmWG/mm.
• the covering material of the segment according to the invention is preferably paper or foil.
• the wrapping material of the segment according to the invention preferably has a basis weight according to ISO 536:2019 of at least 20 g/m 2 and at most 150 g/m 2 , particularly preferably at least 30 g/m 2 and at most 130 g/m 2 .
• a covering material with this preferred or particularly preferred weight per unit area gives the segment according to the invention covered therewith a particularly advantageous hardness and favorably supports the low creep tendency of the filter material according to the invention.
• Smoking articles according to the invention can be produced from the segment according to the invention by methods known in the art.
• the smoking article of the invention comprises a segment containing an aerosol forming material and a segment comprising the filter material of the invention and a wrapper material.
• the segment of the smoking article nearest the mouth end is a segment of the present invention.
• the smoking article is a filter cigarette and the aerosol forming material comprises tobacco.
• the smoking article is a smoking article in the intended use of which the aerosol-forming material is only heated but not burned and the aerosol-forming material comprises a material selected from the group consisting of tobacco, reconstituted tobacco, nicotine, glycerol, propylene glycol or mixtures thereof.
• the aerosol-forming material can also be in liquid form and can be located in a suitable container in the smoking article.
• the filter material according to the invention can be produced according to the following method according to the invention, which comprises steps A to C.
• step B the number of water jets, the pressure of the water jets or the shape of the openings from which the water jets emerge are selected such that the filter material has a tendency to creep in the thickness direction of at most 10% after drying in step C, where the tendency to creep is the relative reduction in the thickness of 5 layers of filter material, measured according to ISO 534:2011, within 20 s after the start of the thickness measurement, and the filter material after drying in step C has a basis weight of at least 15 g/m 2 and at most 60 g/m 2 and the thickness of a layer of the filter material, measured according to ISO 534:2011, is at least 25 ⁇ m and at most 400 ⁇ m >
• the water jets directed at the fibrous web in step B cause the cellulose fibers to swirl, with some of the fiber
• the “pressure of the water jet” to mean the pressure that is used to generate the water jet, for example in a pressure chamber.
• the proportion of fibers arranged in the thickness direction can be increased and thus the tendency of the filter material to creep can be reduced by selecting a large number of water jets and setting a relatively high pressure in the first one to three rows of water jets in the machine direction.
• at least some of the nozzles from which the water jets emerge in step B are designed as round bores in a jet strip, with the diameter of the bores being different on the two sides of the jet strip.
• the diameter of the bores in the nozzle strip facing the filter material is greater than the diameter of the bores facing away from the filter material and at most twice as large as the diameter of the bores facing away from the filter material.
• the filter material made by this method is said to be suitable for use in segments for smoking articles. This means that it can in particular have all the features, individually or in combination, which have been described above in connection with the filter material and are defined in the claims directed to the filter material.
• providing a fibrous web in step A comprises spinning a plurality of cellulose fibers, the cellulose fibers being formed by filaments of regenerated cellulose and at least 90% of the mass of the filter material after drying in step C the filaments of regenerated cellulose are formed.
• the filaments are regenerated cellulose Lyocell® filaments.
• the provision of a fibrous web in step A comprises the following steps Ai to A4.
• the aqueous suspension in step Ai has a solids content of at most 3.0%, particularly preferably at most 1.0%, very particularly preferably at most 0.2% and in particular at most 0.05%.
• the particularly low solids content of the suspension makes it possible to form a fibrous web with low density in step A3, which has a favorable effect on the filtration efficiency of a segment made from it.
• the circulating screen of steps A2 and A3 is inclined upwards at an angle of at least 3 ° and at most 40° to the horizontal in the running direction of the fibrous web, particularly preferably by one
• the method comprises a step in which a pressure difference is generated between the two sides of the rotating screen in order to support the dewatering of the suspension in step A3, with vacuum boxes or suitably shaped vanes particularly preferably generating the pressure difference.
• a plurality of water jets are used to carry out the hydroentanglement in step B, where the water jets are arranged in at least one row transverse to the direction of travel of the fibrous web.
• the hydroentanglement in step B is effected by at least four rows of water jets directed onto the fibrous web, with at least two rows of water jets particularly preferably acting on each of the two sides of the fibrous web.
• the method comprises a further step in which one or more additives are applied to the fibrous web.
• the additives are preferably selected from the group consisting of alkyl ketene dimers (AKD), acid anhydrides such as alkenylsuccinic anhydrides (ASA), polyvinyl alcohol, waxes, fatty acids, starch, starch derivatives, carboxymethylcellulose, alginates, chitosan, wet strength agents or substances for adjusting the pH -Werts, such as organic or inorganic acids or bases and mixtures thereof.
• alkyl ketene dimers such as alkenylsuccinic anhydrides (ASA)
• ASA alkenylsuccinic anhydrides
• polyvinyl alcohol waxes
• fatty acids starch, starch derivatives, carboxymethylcellulose, alginates, chitosan
• wet strength agents or substances for adjusting the pH -Werts such as organic or inorganic acids or bases and mixtures thereof.
• one or more additives can also be applied, which are selected from the group consisting of citrates such as trisodium citrate or tripotassium citrate, malates, tartrates, acetates such as sodium acetate or potassium acetate, nitrates, succinates, fumarates, gluconates, glycolates, lactates, oxylates, salicylates, ⁇ -hydroxycaprylates, phosphates, polyphosphates, chlorides and bicarbonates, and mixtures thereof.
• citrates such as trisodium citrate or tripotassium citrate
• malates tartrates
• acetates such as sodium acetate or potassium acetate
• succinates fumarates
• gluconates glycolates
• glycolates lactates
• oxylates salicylates
• ⁇ -hydroxycaprylates phosphates, polyphosphates, chlorides and bicarbonates, and mixtures thereof.
• the application of the one additive or additives takes place between steps B and C of the method according to the invention.
• the one additive or the additives are applied after step C, followed by a further step of drying the fibrous web.
• the drying in step C is effected at least partially by contact with hot air, by infrared radiation or by microwave radiation. Drying by direct contact with a heated surface is also possible, but less preferred because the thickness of the water jet-compacted filter material can decrease.
• FIG. 1 shows a device by means of which the method according to the invention for producing the filter material according to the invention can be carried out.
• the device shown in FIG. 1 was used to produce the filter material.
• a suspension 1 of pulp fibers and regenerated cellulose fibers was provided in a reservoir 2, step Ai, and pumped from there onto a revolving screen 3 inclined upwards to the horizontal, step A2, and dewatered through vacuum boxes 9, step A3, so that a fibrous web 4 formed on the screen, the general direction of movement of which is indicated by the arrow 10 .
• the fibrous web 4 was removed from the wire 3 and transferred to a supporting wire 5, which is also rotating, step A4.
• Vorrich lines 6 in several rows transverse to the direction of the fibrous web 4 arranged water rays 11 directed to the fibrous web 4 to swirl the fibers and the fibrous web 4 to to solidify a nonwoven fabric, step B.
• step B water jets 12 were directed to the other side of the fibrous web 4 by additional devices 7 .
• the nonwoven fabric which was still moist, then passed through a drying device 8 and was dried there, step C, in order to obtain the filter material.
• a mixture of cellulose fibers from coniferous wood and Lyocell® fibers was used to produce the hydroentangled filter material, with the fiber quantities chosen so that the finished filter material consisted of 80% cellulose fibers and 20% Lyocell® fibers.
• the finished filter material had a basis weight of 25 g/m 2 according to ISO 536:2019.
• step B of the manufacturing process first three rows of water jets, 11 in Fig. 1, were directed at the first side of the fibrous web 4 and then two rows of water jets, 12 in Fig. 1, were directed at the second side of the fibrous web.
• the pressure of the water jets in the first three rows was varied between about 3 MPa and about 8 MPa in three stages (low, medium, high) in order to obtain different filter materials A, B and C according to the invention.
• the tendency to creep in the thickness direction of these filter materials was determined based on ISO 534:2011. 5 layers of each filter material were laid on top of each other and the thickness measurement according to ISO 534:2011 was started. The first value obtained for the thickness of the five layers (d 0 ) was taken and another value for the thickness of the five layers (d 20 ) was read 20 s after the first value. From this, the creep tendency C in the thickness direction was determined according to the following formula.
• the thickness d of a single layer was determined from an average of 10 measurements. The results are given in Table 3, where d is the thickness of a single layer, d 0 is the thickness of the five layers at the start of the measurement, d 20 is the thickness of the five layers 20 seconds after the start of the measurement, and C is the creep tendency.
• step B only one row of water jets and a lower pressure than in comparative example C were selected, while the basis weight was kept unchanged at 25 g/m 2 would.
• the cigarettes were smoked according to the method specified in ISO 3308:2012 and the amount of nicotine-free dry condensate per cigarette was determined.
• the filter segments of the cigarettes were removed and the amount of nicotine-free dry condensate contained in each filter segment was also determined and from this the filtration efficiency was calculated as a percentage, with the filtration efficiency expressing the proportion of the nicotine-free dry condensate flowing into the filter segment that is retained in the filter.
• the filtration efficiency therefore depends not only on the properties of the filter material but also on the length and diameter of the filter segment.
• the hardness of the filter rods was measured with a Borgwaldt KC DD60A gauge. Filter rods are loaded by a test body with a defined force and the deformation is measured and expressed as a percentage of the undeformed position.
• the draw resistance (PD) of the filter rod, the filtration efficiency (FE) for nicotine-free dry condensate and the hardness (HD) of the filter segments are given in Table 3 for exemplary embodiments A to C and comparative example Z according to the invention.
• the filter material according to the invention can be used to produce segments whose properties in terms of draw resistance, filtration efficiency and hardness correspond to conventional segments, but which also have other advantages in terms of the tendency to creep and are therefore closer to segments made of cellulose acetate than, for example, filter materials made of Paper.
• the filter materials according to the invention and segments made from them are additionally superior to conventional segments made from cellulose acetate.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Cigarettes, Filters, And Manufacturing Of Filters (AREA)

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• 2021
  • 2021-06-15 DE DE102021115456.1A patent/DE102021115456A1/de active Pending
• 2022
  • 2022-03-21 EP EP22717538.7A patent/EP4125451A1/de active Pending
  • 2022-03-21 CN CN202280041370.2A patent/CN117460430A/zh active Pending
  • 2022-03-21 WO PCT/EP2022/057367 patent/WO2022263029A1/de active Application Filing
  • 2022-03-21 KR KR1020247000179A patent/KR20240022531A/ko unknown

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