WO2022258659A1

WO2022258659A1 - Facade element, facade of a building and method for installing a facade and also for removing a facade element

Info

Publication number: WO2022258659A1
Application number: PCT/EP2022/065486
Authority: WO
Inventors: Peter Hakenberg
Original assignee: Paxos Consulting & Engineering GmbH & Co. KG
Priority date: 2021-06-08
Filing date: 2022-06-08
Publication date: 2022-12-15
Also published as: DE102021114680A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a facade element (1) for constructing a facade (101) of a building (100), the facade element (1) having at least one attachment structure for installing on the building, having an outer side (40), which is located opposite the attachment structure, and having a frame (60), at least part of which engages around the outer side (40). The attachment structure, the outer side (40) and the frame (60) are connected to one another such that, in a state in which the facade element (1) has been installed on the building (100), the attachment structure is spaced apart from the outer side (40) in an installation direction (x), which extends from exterior surroundings (U) towards the building (100). The facade element (1) is characterized in that the outer side (40) is formed by a solar element (41) for the utilization of solar energy, wherein the solar element (41) is arranged such that it overlaps partially with the attachment structure so as to form an access region (2; 2') for providing free access to the attachment structure from the outside, along the installation direction (x). The invention also relates to a facade (101) of a building (100), to a method for installing a facade (101), to a method for removing a facade element (1) and to a method for removing a solar element (41) of a facade element (1).

Description

Façade element, façade of a building, method for assembling a façade and for dismantling a façade element

The present invention relates to a facade element for constructing a facade of a building with the features of the preamble of claim 1. The inventions also relate to a facade of a building with at least one such facade element (claim 11). In addition, the invention relates to a method for assembling a facade of a building (claim 13) and a method for dismantling an individual facade element from a facade of a building (claim 14). Finally, the inventions also relate to a method for dismantling a solar element, in particular a PV panel, a facade element from a facade element integrated into a facade of a building (claim 15).

In general, there is an effort to reduce the ecological footprint in the building sector. On the one hand, an environmentally friendly in-house use of regenerative resources can contribute to this, on the other hand, however, an environmentally conscious overall view when constructing new buildings or restoring buildings. This applies all the more to the industrial sector, in which the construction of large factory buildings has a greater impact on the environment.

In concrete terms, it has therefore been known for a long time to generate heat from solar radiation on the one hand or to use it in a targeted manner in order to reduce the use of external energy sources and to proceed in a more resource-saving manner. In this respect, one can generally speak of a solar energy generation element, including photovoltaic modules or photovoltaic panels (PV modules or PV panels for short) for obtaining electricity from solar radiation or solar thermal modules for using the heat belong to solar radiation. In this context, a solar element is referred to below for brevity. This should also include combined elements that both generate electrical energy via photovoltaic panels (hereinafter referred to as "PV panels" for short) and use the heat in a targeted manner via solar thermal energy.

For example, it is common to provide PV panels on a roof of a building, such as a factory floor. Usually, such elements are laboriously mounted on the roof, which requires further assembly steps, usually by specially trained personnel, after the roof has actually been completed.

The facades of buildings are also regularly used as an external surface for the additional installation or elevation of PV panels. Under a facade is present basically the outer side wall or the outward-facing side surface of a building, such as a factory building, to understand.

The subsequent installation of solar elements such as the PV panels mentioned, both on the roof and on a facade, has considerable disadvantages. The loads that can be applied to the already completed building are limited, so that the potential of solar technology that can theoretically be exploited by the area that is theoretically available cannot be satisfactorily exploited. In addition, the additional elevation is often perceived as an unaesthetic intervention in the outer architecture of the building.

Furthermore, there is the disadvantage that the actual building structure, such as the facade that has already been completed, has to be drilled out again for the purpose of attaching solar elements. This is accompanied by a weakening of the actual building structure. Furthermore, potential sources of damage can arise from the bores, for example as entry openings for moisture from the outside.

Associated with this, it is also a disadvantage of subsequently attaching or erecting solar elements that maintenance or subsequent replacement of individual solar elements or components of these is associated with a very great deal of effort.

Furthermore, the subsequent attachment to the overall construction of the building is associated with considerable additional effort in terms of assembly and thus construction site costs. The construction site time is extended because after the actual completion of the facade, specialist personnel often have to carry out the assembly work on the facade using special equipment and tools. The CÜ2 footprint of the building also deteriorates due to the resulting longer total construction time for a building. The longer the construction site is operated to complete the building, the less resource-saving the entire construction of the building can be considered.

Against this background, the object of the present invention is to provide a façade element for constructing a façade of a building, with which a building can be manufactured quickly and in an environmentally friendly manner. At the same time, the building constructed with the facade element should be suitable for the use of regenerative energies. Furthermore, the invention is based on the object of providing a corresponding facade of a building, which facade can be produced in a simple, environmentally friendly and quick manner and the use of regenerative energies in the building he allows.

In addition, the invention is based on the object of providing a method for assembling a facade of a building, with which method a facade and thus a building can be produced in a simple, environmentally friendly manner and quickly while at the same time enabling the use of renewable energies in the building.

The invention is also based on the object of providing a method for dismantling a facade element from a facade of a building, with which a facade of a building can be maintained or restored in a simple, environmentally friendly and fast manner with regard to the use of regenerative energies in the building.

Finally, the invention is based on the object of providing a method for dismantling a solar element of a facade element, with which method an individual facade element and thus also the facade of a building can be maintained or repaired in a simple, environmentally friendly and quick manner with regard to the use of regenerative energies in the building. can be restored.

This object is achieved, based on a facade element with the features of Oberbe handle of claim 1, by a facade element with the features of the characterize the part of claim 1. Based on a facade of a building, the task is solved by a facade having the features of the characterizing part of claim 14. Based on a method for installing a facade of a building, the object is achieved by a method with the features of the characterizing part of claim 16 at. Based on a method for dismantling a facade element, the object is achieved by a method having the features of the characterizing part of claim 18. With regard to a method for dismantling a solar element, the object is achieved by a method having the features of claim 20.

In principle, the invention is described in connection with the individual proposed component of a facade element, as well as in connection with the proposed facade, constructed from several such proposed facade elements. The proposed method for assembling a facade and for dismantling an individual facade element and for de-assembling a solar element from such a facade element is also described. The Ver- Different features and the advantages derived from them can be transferred between the different categories of claims in a technically sensible context.

Essential to the invention is the realization that, in principle, one and the same construction step or construction process can be used to provide both the outer facade of a building and the technology for using regenerative energies at the same time. So it is no longer necessary to subsequently edit an existing facade in a complex manner and even to partially destroy it again by drilling or other assembly work. By providing the proposed facade element in a facade, the final exterior structure of the building can now be produced and a usable solar element, such as a photovoltaic element, can be made available. The assembly is possible in a simple manner with simple movements. A PV-integrated building, such as a prefabricated house or a prefabricated industrial hall, can thus be produced in one fell swoop with the proposed facade element. The entire CO2 footprint, both of the construction of the building, for example due to the shorter total downtime of the construction site, and of its later use by providing the technology for using renewable energies, is significantly reduced. Simple and, above all, a few simple steps are needed for the installer, on the one hand to provide the proposed facade elements or to form the proposed facade, and also to dismantle or replace such facade elements again or even to exchange just one solar element of such a facade element . The assembly and disassembly is greatly simplified in that, viewed from the outside, there is direct access to the connection structure of the facade element to the building, such as the carrier plate. Due to the only partial covering of the solar element with the connection structure located behind it in the direction of the building, installation work such as tightening or unscrewing can be carried out by a fitter from the outside, seen from the surroundings. As a result, it is no longer necessary to assemble a façade layer by layer.

The proposed facade element is designed to construct a facade of a building. Furthermore, the facade element has at least one connection structure for mounting on the building. In principle, this can preferably be a carrier plate. In this respect, the advantages of the invention are described below, above all in relation to the preferred exemplary embodiment of a carrier plate. However, the basic advantages of the invention can also be achieved by using a connection structure that differs from a carrier plate. It is essential The facade element is connected to the basic building structure via the connection structure. As an alternative to a carrier plate, for example, an open lattice structure, various profile elements, or a cross made of steel elements could also be provided as a connection structure. The façade element can be fixed to the building or the building structure, such as the steel skeleton, via such a connection structure. For this purpose, the connection structure has, in particular, special receptacles for connection or assembly means, by means of which the facade element can be fixed to the building structure.

The proposed facade element also has an outer side opposite the connection structure or the carrier plate, and a frame that at least partially encompasses the outer side. The connection structure or support plate, the outside and the frame are connected to one another in such a way that, when the facade element is mounted on the building, the connection structure or support plate faces the outside in an outer environment towards the building Mounting direction is spaced.

The proposed façade element is characterized in that the outside is formed by a solar element for using solar energy. In principle, the solar element can be either a PV panel or a solar thermal element or a combined element with PV technology and solar thermal technology. In the present case, however, the particular advantages of the invention are described using the example of a PV panel. The use of a PV panel as part of the proposed facade element is associated with special advantages for an environmentally friendly overall balance of the building to be produced.

The feature that the outside is formed by a solar element is not to be understood in the present case as being absolute and restrictive in the sense that the solar element must represent the outermost side or layer of the facade element. Rather, protective layers or protective elements can of course also be provided above the solar element or integrated into it, which protect the solar element from external influences, for example. In addition, the solar element can also be partially covered on the outside by other components of the facade element, such as by the frame, which partially surrounds and firmly holds the solar element. It is crucial that the solar element forms the outside in such a way that the functionality of the solar element is guaranteed. Accordingly, it must be possible to use the sunlight that shines from outside to generate electrical energy or use the heat. By integrating the solar element into the outside of the facade element, the use of regenerative energies is advantageously made available directly where it is required at the intended place of use in the building.

Furthermore, according to the proposal, the solar element is arranged partially overlapping with the connection structure or carrier plate in such a way that an access area for providing free access along the assembly direction from the outside to the connection structure or carrier plate is formed. In this way, the façade element can be easily attached to the basic structure, such as the steel skeleton structure, from the outside, and the subsequent assembly steps for fixing the façade element can also be carried out from the outside. Access to the connection structure or carrier plate from the outside is always guaranteed in the basic position of the facade element. There are no complicated assembly steps required, for example for a layered structure from the outside, component by component of a facade. Rather, the facade element can advantageously already provide the entire outer shell or facade of the building in one or a few steps by being attached to the basic structure of the building. The speed of assembly of the facade elements is significantly increased ge.

At the same time, the proposed facade element is also used to build a facade with as few components as possible, in particular with as few different components as possible. This significantly reduces the effort involved in providing a facade overall.

Due to the fundamentally modular structure of the façade element, which essentially consists of standard components that can be easily assembled and also largely separated from one another again, the façade element as a product also has an ecological CC>2 footprint in its entirety. The individual components are also easily recyclable in a particularly environmentally friendly manner.

The connection structure or carrier plate can in particular represent an insulation layer. The carrier plate preferably represents a water barrier, so that no moisture can penetrate from the outside via the carrier plate into the interior of the wall or the interior of the building.

In principle, the directional information used below, such as the vertical direction, horizontal direction and assembly direction, is based on the basic structure of a building on which the proposed facade element can be assembled. The vertical direction thus extends from bottom to top, for example along vertical supports of a steel skeleton structure of a building. The horizontal direction runs along one side of the building, i.e. parallel to an upright wall. The mounting direction, on the other hand, points to a building wall approximately perpendicularly to one side of the building. The plane spanned by the assembly direction and the horizontal direction therefore usually corresponds to the base area or the level ground on which a building is erected. The three directions, horizontal direction, assembly direction and vertical direction, are aligned perpendicular to one another, according to a Cartesian coordinate system.

A preferred embodiment of the facade element is characterized in that the solar element is set up to be displaceable in the vertical direction from a basic position and back into the basic posi tion. As a result, the assembly of facade elements can be further improved in terms of comfort and, above all, speed. In this way, the partial overlapping of the solar element with the connection structure or carrier plate behind it, viewed in the direction of the building, can be variably adjusted. Access to the connection structure or carrier plate for assembly purposes is therefore advantageously changeable. Thanks to the increased assembly speed, the entire CC>2 balance can also be improved thanks to shorter construction site times. The solar element can also be held after being pushed up, for example by means of a foldable eyelet. As a result, assembly work can be carried out in a simplified manner.

In addition, it can preferably be provided that the solar element is displaceably held and guided with its lateral outer edges in front receiving areas of frame side elements of the frame. The production of environmentally friendly facades is thus further simplified. In this way, the solar element can be moved easily and safely in a lateral guide formed by the frame. This supports the adjustment of the solar element, which can be carried out in a few simple steps, which also increases the safety of the components during assembly or disassembly. Thanks to the increased assembly speed, the overall CC>2 balance can also be improved thanks to shorter construction site times.

A preferred embodiment of the facade element is characterized in that, in a basic position of the solar element, the access area is designed in the form of an upper access area in the area of a top side of the facade element, and that, in a position of the solar element that has been displaced upwards in the vertical direction, the access area is in Form of a lower access area is formed in the region of an underside of the facade element. In this way, assembly or disassembly can of a facade element can be carried out quickly and easily. The upper access area is suitable for performing assembly work, for example tightening the connection structure or support plate on the building structure, at the top, while the lower access area enables screwing work in the lower area. A safe and at the same time quick assembly is thus made possible. Thanks to the increased assembly speed, the entire CC>2 balance can also be improved thanks to shorter construction site times.

A preferred embodiment of the facade element is characterized in that the solar element rests in its basic position on a lower frame - front cover of the frame, in particular with a lower edge of the solar element. In this way, a facade element of simple construction is provided without many complex individual components or elements being required. The effort is kept low. Due to the simple construction, the subsequent exchange of solar elements from a facade element is also made considerably easier. This also reduces the effort involved in maintaining a facade. Thanks to the increased assembly speed, the entire CC>2 balance can also be improved thanks to shorter construction site times.

A preferred embodiment of the facade element is characterized in that the connection structure or carrier plate has a smaller vertical extent in the vertical direction than the frame. In this way, the construction of a façade can be further simplified, since individual, vertically adjacent façade elements can be arranged partially overlapping one another. In this way, the safety of the facade as a whole can also be increased. Seen from the outside, there are also no edges formed that would be formed, for example, by a vertical collision between two adjacent facade elements. So there is less space or space that is less easy to reach from the outside for penetration, for example of liquid, be provided. A lower end of the frame, in particular a lower frame front cover, preferably has a lower vertical position in the vertical direction than a lower edge of the connection structure or than a lower edge of the carrier plate.

A preferred embodiment of the facade element is characterized in that the solar element is arranged so slightly inclined in the direction of assembly that an upper edge of the solar element has a lower position in the direction of assembly than a lower edge of the solar element. A lower position in the assembly direction is to be understood as meaning that the upper edge of the solar element in the assembled state faces the building interior a little closer or is arranged closer to it than the lower edge. The bottom edge is therefore further away from the interior of the building. on In this way, the solar element is generally not ideally aligned in the vertical direction, but slightly inclined, with its upper edge in the direction of the building. Consequently, the upper edge of the solar element has a more the building or the building interior facing position than the lower edge of the solar element, especially in the assembled state. In this way, the displaceability of the solar elements can advantageously be designed in such a way that, in the case of façade elements arranged vertically adjacent to one another, the lower solar elements can even be displaced behind the solar elements lying above them. This also makes it possible for the lower section of the facade element lying above it to be arranged outwardly away from the building so that it overlaps with the facade element lying underneath, specifically in its upper region.

A preferred embodiment of the facade element is characterized in that the frame has two lateral, opposite frame side elements that extend longitudinally in the vertical direction. Viewed from below in the vertical direction, the frame side elements each have a lower lateral recess and a front area of lesser depth in the assembly direction. Due to the smaller depth in the assembly direction, the extent of the frame side elements in the front area, viewed in the direction of the building, is less long or less wide than lying above it. The recess formed in this way is used so that, in a mounted state on a facade, a facade element arranged underneath can be accommodated in that recess with its upper front region. A resulting overlap advantageously also serves to ensure the safety of the entire facade.

A preferred embodiment of the facade element is characterized in that two lateral, opposite and longitudinally extending frame side elements of the frame, viewed in the vertical direction, each have a lateral bore hole in the lower region. Alternatively or additionally, a lower frame front cover is preferably provided, the lower frame front cover being detachably connected to the two frame side elements by means of lateral frame screws screwed tightly through a respective lateral screw channel of the lower frame front cover. In this case, more preferably, the lateral frame screws are passed through the lateral bores. The modular structure of the frame results in a facade element that is particularly easy to assemble and, above all, to dismantle when in use. The frame can thus be partially dismantled later in a simple manner, for example by unscrewing the lower frame front cover, as a result of which, for example, the solar element accommodated in the frame can be dismantled and replaced. This aspect of the modular construction of the entire facade element, and here in particular the frame, makes a positive contribution to the ecological CC>2 footprint of the facade element. That's how they are individual components can be easily recycled in a particularly environmentally friendly manner, also because the individual components can be assembled in a simple manner due to the fundamentally modular design of the façade elements and also largely be separated from one another again.

A preferred embodiment of the facade element is characterized in that a cavity is formed between the connection structure or carrier plate, the solar element and the frame. The cavity for rear ventilation of the solar element is preferably equipped with a cooling medium, in particular with ambient air. In this way, the solar element can be cooled and overheating of the solar elements can be counteracted. The efficiency of the solar elements and, above all, the longevity, particularly in the exemplary embodiment of the solar elements designed as PV panels, can be significantly increased as a result. Likewise, the heat drawn off by the solar element can be used energetically in a meaningful way, which means that the entire energy balance can be improved. Finally, the formation of mold can also be advantageously counteracted by rear ventilation. Due to the increased service life of the facade elements and the increased quality of the facade, less maintenance is required. This also improves the overall CC>2 balance thanks to lower maintenance costs.

A preferred embodiment of the facade element is characterized in that the connection structure or support plate has at least one upper mounting hole in the region of a top side of the facade element for fixing the connection structure or support plate to vertical beams of the building using upper mounting screws. Two upper assembly bores can preferably be provided in the area of opposite side edges of the connection structure or opposite carrier plate side edges. More preferably, the connection structure or support plate in the area of an underside of the facade element has at least one lower mounting hole for fixing the connection structure or support plate to vertically extending vertical supports of the building by means of lower mounting screws. Here, too, two lower assembly bores can preferably be provided in the region of opposite side edges of the connection structure or opposite side edges of the carrier plate. A simple, easy-to-handle assembly and disassembly of the facade element and thus a facade built from these is made possible. Thanks to the increased comfort in handling the facade elements and in particular the increased assembly speed, the entire C02 balance can also be improved thanks to shorter construction site times. A preferred embodiment of the facade element is characterized in that at least one building-side functional section is arranged next to the connection structure or carrier plate in the assembly direction. As a result, the entire CC>2 balance can be further improved, since several functions can be made available directly by one component and in particular in one basic assembly step via the proposed facade element. Numerous components and time-consuming work by different trades are no longer necessary.

It can preferably be provided that at least one of the following components is provided to form the functional section on the building side: a stabilizing section, which is preferably formed from a cross brace made of flat steel; an insulation section; an intermediate plate, which is preferably designed as a heat insulation board, in particular as a special wood fiber heat insulation board; an interior trim section for providing cable ducts; and/or an interior wall panel, preferably a gypsum board, in particular fiber-reinforced, to provide an interior wall for the interior of the building.

In principle, the building-side functional sections can thus fulfill different functions and thus represent independent functional elements. The other components can form the facade element into a facade element that completely bridges the space between the adjacent building interior and the outside environment. Advantageously, the facade element can provide the entire outer wall of the building, so that the existing structural skeleton or steel frame only has to be supplemented by the corresponding facade elements in order to completely construct the building's outer walls. The overall CC>2 balance can be further improved by reducing the number of different craftsmen who would normally be used for this, and in particular by reducing the number of components to be procured in terms of products from different origins.

The proposed facade of a building is characterized in that at least two of the proposed facade elements are arranged vertically or horizontally adjacent to each other in the facade. Such a facade is particularly easy to assemble and also, at least partially, to be dismantled again, for example in order to replace individual facade elements. For individual technical features and the derived advantages, reference can be made to the above-described embodiments of the facade element according to the proposal. A preferred embodiment of the facade is characterized in that the two facade elements are arranged vertically adjacent, the outside of the upper half adjacent arranged facade element being arranged partially overlapping viewed in a vertical direction with the upper side of the adjacently arranged facade element below. The safety of the facade can also be increased by the overlapping arrangement, since less direct entry surface is provided on facade elements lying on top of one another from the outside. In addition, due to the overlapping, the access area that is actually exposed can advantageously be covered by the vertically adjacent and overlapping facade element.

The proposed method for installing a facade of a building is characterized in that at least one proposed facade element is integrated into the facade in such a way that the connection structure or support plate is attached to a basic structure, in particular to vertical supports, of the building by the connection structure or The support plate is mounted on the base structure, in particular on the vertical supports, by means of mounting means from the outside environment via the access area. In this way, a finished façade on a building, which at the same time enables the use of regenerative energies, is provided quickly and with a few simple steps. With regard to the individual features and advantages, reference can be made to the preceding description of the proposed facade elements or proposed facade.

A preferred embodiment of the method for installing a facade is characterized in that the connection structure or support plate is screwed by means of upper installation screws via upper installation holes in the connection structure or support plate, and by means of lower installation screws via lower installation holes in the connection structure or support plate on the basic structure of the building , particularly on the vertical supports, is screwed on by accessing the external environment through the access area. The solar element can be shifted in the vertical direction between the two steps of tightening the upper mounting screws on the one hand and the lower mounting screws on the other to adapt the access area. As a rule, therefore, the facade element is first screwed on at the top, then the solar element is pushed upwards, where it can optionally be held in place using an eyelet. The facade element is then screwed on at the bottom, which is now easily possible thanks to the lower access area that has now been obtained. Finally, the solar element can be pushed down again into its basic position. Thanks to the simple assembly steps described, the façade can be quickly installed will. The entire CC>2 balance can thus also be improved thanks to shorter construction site times.

The proposed method for dismantling an above-described proposed facade element from a facade of a building is characterized in that the connection structure or support plate is dismantled from a basic structure, in particular from vertical supports, of the building by assembly means which connect the connection structure or support plate to the basic structure , in particular with the vertical supports, can be detached from the external environment via the access area from the basic structure, in particular from the vertical supports. This also enables quick dismantling of individual facade elements from a facade. This also facilitates the maintenance of a facade. The increased dismantling speed can also improve the overall CC>2 balance of the building in case maintenance work becomes necessary.

In addition, it is advantageously possible to subsequently modify a facade again. The installed proposed facade elements can also be removed from the facade individually or in groups in order to subsequently provide windows or doors in the facade. No time-consuming demolition work is required, which usually involves more destruction than is necessary and the cost of repairs is high.

A preferred embodiment of the method for dismantling a facade element is characterized in that upper mounting screws from upper mounting holes and lower mounting screws from lower mounting holes in the connection structure or support plate from the base structure, in particular from the vertical supports, from the outside environment through the Access area to be solved accessing. In particular, the solar element can be shifted in the vertical direction between the two steps of loosening the upper assembly screws on the one hand and the lower assembly screws on the other hand in order to adapt the access area. As a rule, the opposite to the above-described installation, the facade element is first detached at the top, then the solar element is moved upwards, where it can optionally be held in place using an eyelet. The facade element is then loosened at the bottom, which is now easily possible thanks to the lower access area that has now been obtained. Finally, the facade element can then be taken from the facade ent. The façade element can be quickly removed using the simple dismantling steps described. The entire CC>2 balance can thus also be improved thanks to shorter construction site times. After loosening the assembly screws, the facade element may still be partially overlapped to free the facade element arranged above it. For this purpose, it can regularly already be inclined forwards in the lower area, counter to the installation direction, and then removed downwards, counter to the vertical direction. In a covered Fassa de, it may also be indicated first to move a solar element of a facade element adjacent to the facade element to be dismantled above vertically upwards, as a result of which a lower access area is formed there. The upper access area of the facade element to be dismantled is then also exposed via that lower access area of the adjacent facade element above, as a result of which the described dismantling steps can be carried out.

In the proposed method for dismantling a solar element, in particular a PV panel, a proposed facade element as described above, where the facade element is integrated in a facade of a building, the position of a lower frame front cover of the frame is changed in such a way that the So larelement, in particular the PV panel, seen in the vertical direction can be pushed out of the frame down and is removed. This ensures that a solar element can be replaced quickly and easily. The solar technology brought to the facade does not have to be dismantled at great expense.

A preferred embodiment of the method for dismantling a solar element, in particular a PV panel, is characterized in that the lower frame front cover of the frame is thereby changed in position that the lower frame front cover is dismantled from frame side elements of the frame. In this case, in particular before the lower frame front cover is removed, the frame with the connection structure or carrier plate on an underside of the facade element can first be pivoted back outwards as viewed in the assembly direction. More preferably, before pivoting back the frame with the connection structure or support plate, lower mounting screws can be loosened from lower mounting holes in the connection structure or support plate. This ensures that a solar element can be replaced quickly and easily. The solar technology attached to the façade does not have to be laboriously dismantled.

Further advantageous and preferred configurations result from the following description with reference to the figures. The drawing, which only shows an exemplary embodiment, shows:

Fig. 1 is a schematic oblique front view of an embodiment of a

Building with the proposed facade, which has the proposed facade elements; FIG. 2 shows a schematic front view of a proposed facade element; FIG.

FIG. 3 shows a schematic oblique front view of the facade element of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 shows the facade element from FIG. 3 in an exploded view; FIG.

Fig. 5 shows the facade element of FIG. 2 in a partial section according to FIG

Section line A shown in an oblique front view according to FIG. 3;

FIG. 6 shows the facade element from FIG. 4 in a side view; FIG.

Fig. 7 shows a detail of the proposed facade element in different views, according to view 7A) in a front view, according to view 7B) in a side view, according to view 7C) in a plan view, in view 7D) detail A from view 7C) , as well as in view 7E) detail B from view 7B);

8 shows a proposed facade element in a partial, schematic oblique rear view;

9 shows a proposed facade with proposed facade elements in various views, according to view 9A) in a front view, according to view 9B) in a side view, and in view 9C) the detail H from view 9B); and

10 shows a proposed facade with proposed facade elements in different views, which represent the disassembly of a solar element, namely in views 10A) to 10D) the facade in each case in an oblique front view, each with an enlarged detail.

In Fig. 1, a building 100 is shown schematically in a perspective oblique front view. The building 100 is reduced to the elements essential for understanding the present invention. A facade 101 can be seen, into which the proposed facade element 1 has already been integrated.

The building 100 has a steel skeleton structure, with vertical beams 102 extending along a vertical direction z, and with vertical beams 102 extending through an assembly direction x and a horizontal direction y spanned plane extending horizontal beams 103. The facade 101 separates the building interior 104 from the environment U.

The assembly of the proposed facade elements 1, of which a total of twelve facade elements 1 in three rows or rows, each with three facade elements 1 arranged one above the other (in “columns”) in the vertical direction z, can be seen in FIG. 1, advantageously follows in a particularly simple manner The facade elements 1 can easily be attached to the steel skeleton structure along the installation direction x, for which simple assembly means can be used. In principle, the connection of the façade elements 1 to the steel skeleton construction shown here or to other skeleton construction methods is conceivable.

The outside 40 of the facade element 1 is formed by a solar element 41 . The solar element 41 is set up to use solar energy. Basically, for the purpose of using the thermal energy, the solar element 41 can be a solar thermal element, through which a fluid flows, for example, through or behind, for the purposeful dissipation of heat and for the use of solar energy in the form of heat. According to the exemplary embodiment shown and in this respect preferred, the solar element 41 is designed as a photovoltaic panel (or PV panel for short) 42 . The PV panel 42 is used to generate electricity from sunlight by means of solar cells integrated into the PV panel 42 . The use of a solar element 41 with combined technology is also conceivable. Thus, in a solar element 41, both solar thermal elements could be integrated for obtaining thermal energy from solar radiation, as well as solar cells for generating electricity. Furthermore, it is fundamentally possible to transfer the special installation advantages of the present invention to other facade elements, for example without an outside formed by a solar element. In this case, for example, instead of the solar element 41, a simple glass plate could form the outside of such a facade element. However, the present invention is described below with reference to the exemplary embodiment having an outer side 40 designed as a PV panel 42 .

Due to the simple integration of the facade elements 1 with the PV panels 42 in the facade 101 of the building 100, particularly environmentally friendly prefabricated houses or industrial prefabricated halls are provided. Against the background of building-integrated photovoltaic technology (in short: BIPV=building-integrated photovoltaics)—or in short: building-integrated photovoltaics—a particularly efficient and environmentally friendly system is provided by the present invention. Using the proposed Façade elements 1 with PV panels 42 can, on the one hand, produce electricity that is integrated into a building or building and is therefore environmentally friendly, whereby the CC>2 footprint of the building can be significantly reduced and the present invention makes a significant contribution to environmental protection and to achieve passive houses. On the other hand, the CÜ2 footprint can also be reduced by the present invention because the facade 101 of a building 100 can be completed more easily and quickly. There are shorter assembly times and thus also downtimes on construction sites. These advantages are also achieved in that the photovoltaic technology (in short: PV technology) is already integrated into the compact facade element 1 in the proposed facade element 1 . This means that there is no longer any need for additional installation work, for example to attach solar cells to the facade by means of stands or additional attachment to the outside. With the manufacture or provision of the facade 101 of the building 100, environmentally friendly PV technology is also integrated into the building 100 directly in the same construction step.

The advantages of the proposed facade elements 1, in particular the assembly advantages, become clear from the following description of the figures, with the same reference symbols referring to the same technical features. Accordingly, the explanations relate to the synopsis of the figures.

2 shows the facade element 1 in a front view. Fig. 3 shows the Fassa denelemente 1 in a perspective oblique front view, as well as Fig. 5, wherein in Fig. 5 the partial section according to section line A of FIG. 2 is shown. Fig. 4 and Fig. 6 show exploded views of the facade element 1, the individual components of the facade element 1 being visible, in Fig. 4 in a perspective oblique front view (corresponding to the views of Fig. 3 and Fig. 5) and in Fig. 6 in a side view.

The façade element 1, which is used to construct the façade 101 of the building 100, has, in addition to the outer side 40 already described, at least the following two additional components: a carrier plate 20 and a the outer side 40 or the solar element 41 (PV panel 42 ) at least partially encompassing frame 60. When assembled, the carrier plate 20, the outer side 40 and the frame 60 are connected to one another in such a way that, when the facade element 1 is installed on the building 100, the carrier plate 20 is opposite the outer side 40 in Mounting direction x is spaced. The assembly direction x points from the external environment U to the building 100 . The assembly direction x is essentially perpendicular to the facade 101. Along this assembly direction x, the facade elements 1 appropriately attached to the steel skeleton construction and fixed by means of assembly means, as will be described in more detail later.

As an alternative to the exemplary embodiment of the facade element 1 with the support plate 20 shown and in this respect preferred, a different design of a connection structure could also be provided. It is essential that the connection of the facade element 1 to the basic building structure continues to take place via the connection structure realized here as a carrier plate 20 . As an alternative to carrier plate 20, for example, an open lattice structure, various profile elements, or a cross made of steel elements could also be provided as a connection structure, via which connection structure the facade element 1 is attached to the building 100 or the building structure, such as the present steel skeleton made of vertical supports 102 and Hori zontalträgern 103 can be set.

A cavity 7 is formed by the spacing between the carrier plate 20 and the outside 40 . The cavity 7 is set up for rear ventilation of the solar element 41 or PV panel 42 . The solar elements 41 or PV panels 42 can be cooled by such a passive rear ventilation, for example with ambient air, or by an actively controlled rear ventilation. The passive rear ventilation is supported by the effect of natural convection. This is primarily the case since facade elements 1 arranged vertically adjacent to one another are connected to one another via their respective cavities 7 in such a way that a merging, connected and larger cavity is formed. The air in a cavity 7 of a subordinate facade element 7 below rises due to convection to the top, where it is further heated in the cavity 7 of the vertically above adjacent facade element 1 by the local hot solar element 41 or PV panel 42 .

On the other hand, the provision of cavities 7 also advantageously counteracts the formation of mold in the facade 101 of the building 100 .

In principle, rear ventilation can also take place in an active manner such that the medium flowing behind the inside of the solar element 41 is sucked off. In the mounted state on a facade 101, as will be described in more detail later (cf. also FIG. 9C)), the cavities 7 of adjacent facade elements 1 can be fluidically connected to one another and thus form a common flow or air duct. If, for example, the air flowing through is then actively extracted on an upper facade element 1, then there is permanent and actively supported rear ventilation of the facade 101. In this way, the solar element 41 can be cooled and overheating of the solar element 41 can be counteracted. become effective. The efficiency of the solar elements 41 and above all the longevity, particularly in the exemplary embodiment of the solar elements 41 designed as PV panels 42, can be significantly increased as a result. Likewise, the heat withdrawn from the solar element 41 can be used energetically in a meaningful way, as a result of which the overall energy balance is improved.

In the following, reference is mostly made to the solar element 41 in general. This can preferably be embodied as a PV panel 42 (as shown). Accordingly, the following statements relating in general to the solar element 41 also always apply to the specific exemplary embodiment with the PV panel 42. When it comes to specific aspects of the PV panel 42, explicit reference is regularly made to them.

Due to the at least partially merging cavities 7 vertically adjacent ter facade elements 1 arise in the assembled state on the facade 101 one or more air ducts. In this way, the facade 101 shown as an example in Fig. 1 has four vertically running air ducts, due to the four vertically running columns of the four adjacent facade elements 1 in the horizontal direction y On the other hand, solar elements 41 also serve to actively utilize the heat generated there. In this way, the heated cooling medium, for example heated ambient air, can be branched off in a targeted manner at points of the highest or desired temperatures and used for desired purposes. For example, the targeted connection of heat pumps for the targeted use of heat and thus for a needs-based increase in the overall energy yield is conceivable. In addition, the cavity 7 can also make it easier to carry out various assembly steps, such as, for example, an electrical connection of PV panels 42 of adjacent facade elements 1 .

According to the proposal, the solar element 41 (or PV panel 42) is arranged partially overlapping the carrier plate 20 such that an access area 2 is formed to provide free access along the assembly direction x from the outside to the carrier plate 20. This can be seen in particular from the illustrations in FIGS. 2, 3 and 5. In this way, a particularly simple and quick assembly in a fas sade 101, as well as a sporadic dismantling of facade elements 1 from an already constructed facade 101, or if necessary only a partial dismantling of individual components of the facade element 1, guaranteed.

In the illustrations in FIGS. 2, 3 and 5, the access area 2 is formed on an upper side 8 of the facade element 1. In this respect, this access area 2 can also be referred to as the upper access area 2 . This arrangement relates to the basic arrangement in a basic position of the facade element 1 or a basic position of the solar element 41 in the facade element 1. The top 8 is seen in the vertical direction z upper side of the facade element 1 and is located at the bottom of parent 9 opposite.

The access area 2 is set up for carrying out assembly steps of the facade element 1 on the facade 101, specifically for carrying out an attachment of the facade element 1 to the facade 101 by tightening the upper assembly screws 3 via the upper assembly bores 21 of the support plate 20 on vertical supports 102 of the building 100 . The access area 2 also serves to facilitate the dismantling of a facade element 1 once it has been integrated into the facade 101. This enables easy access from the outside via the access area 2 to the upper assembly screws 3 for the purpose of loosening and removing those assembly means from the upper assembly bores 21. The position of the upper mounting screws 3, as well as lower mounting screws 4, can also be seen in the exploded view of FIG upper and lower mounting holes 21 and 22 of the support plate 20 included, are shown.

Access to the support plate 20 via the access area 2 is advantageously possible directly and immediately without further components of the facade elements 1 having to be dismantled first, which is laborious. The only partial coverage of the support plate 20 by the solar element 41 facilitates the work Montagear. Thus, as can be seen in FIG. 2, there is direct access to the mounting bores 21 from the outside in the mounting direction x.

The access area 2 is formed between an upper edge 43 of the solar element 41 and an upper edge 23 of the carrier plate (FIG. 2). The upper edge 43 of the solar element 41 is seen in the vertical direction z above and a lower edge 44 is arranged opposite. The support plate upper edge 23 is seen in the vertical direction z at the top and ei ner support plate lower edge 24 of the support plate 20 is arranged opposite. The solar element 41 also has two lateral outer edges 45 which connect the upper edge 43 and upper edge 44 to one another and run along the vertical direction z.

The access area 2 is set up to be variable. The access area 2 is set up such that its position can be changed in such a way that the access area 2 can be variably provided on the upper side 8 of the facade element 1 and on the lower side 9 . In the representations according to FIGS. 2, 3 and 5, the access area 2 is in the basic position of the facade element 1 or solar element 41 provided only on the top 8 see (and marked with the reference numeral 2). In the enlarged detailed representations of FIGS. 10A) and 10B), an access area 2' formed on the underside 9 of the facade element 1 shown above can be seen. In this respect, that access area 2' can also be referred to as the lower access area 2'. Assembly steps analogous to the steps described above can be carried out via the access area 2 ′ formed on the underside 9 . Thus, the support plate 20 can be fixed to the building 100 or to the vertical supports 102 by means of lower mounting screws 4 via the access area 2' arranged below, via its lower mounting holes 22 and thus the facade element 1. The lower access area 2' of a facade element 1 arranged above can jointly provide a larger access area 2, 2' with the upper access area 2 of an adjacent facade element 1 below, as can be seen in FIGS. 10A) and 10B).

The access area 2 is formed in that the upper edge 43 of the solar element 41 is arranged below the upper edge 23 of the carrier plate, viewed in the vertical direction z (FIGS. 2, 3). If the access area 2' is formed on the underside 9, then the lower edge 44 of the solar element 41 is arranged above the lower edge 24 of the carrier plate, viewed in the vertical direction z.

When the facade element 1 is in the assembled state, the solar element 41 can be changed with respect to its vertical position in the vertical direction z. For this purpose, the solar element 41 is designed to be displaceable along the vertical direction z. In the frame 60, the solar element 41 can be displaced out of its basic position or pushed back into this basic position along the vertical direction z. In this way, in the basic position (Fig. 2, 3) arranged above access area 2 by moving the Solarele element 41 can be pushed upwards. In this way, the lower access area 2' (cf. FIGS. 10A) and 10B) is formed on the underside 9 of the facade element 1. For this purpose, the solar element 41 is accommodated by the frame 60, specifically by the frame side elements 61 and 62 (arranged on the left: frame side element 61; right: frame side element 62) and held in a displaceable manner. The solar element 41 slides with its lateral outer edges 45 elements 61, 62 along in corresponding recordings of the frame sides. In the basic position, in which the solar element 41 is held in its lower position with respect to the vertical direction z, the solar element 41 is arranged with its lower edge 44 resting on the lower frame front cover 63 and is held by the lower frame front cover 63 of the frame 60 . In its upwardly shifted position, the solar element 41 can be held by an eyelet, not shown, which means that installation work in the lower area or in the through the pushed up solar element 41 now exposed lower access area 2 ', are carried out.

The frame 60, which has the frame side elements 61, 62 and the lower frame front cover 63, is shown in FIG. 7 in different views (view 7A) to view 7E)) and will be described in more detail later. As can be seen from FIG. 6, the frame 60 has a greater extension in the vertical direction z than the solar element 41 and also than the carrier plate 20. On the underside 9 of the facade element 1, the frame 60 extends with respect to the vertical direction z further down than the carrier plate 20 with its carrier plates - lower edge 24. The lower frame front cover 63 is below the carrier plates - lower edge 24 is arranged. On the upper side 8 of the facade element 1, in turn, the upper end of the frame 60 is essentially at the same height as the carrier plate 20 or the upper edge 23 of the carrier plate with regard to the vertical position (z position with respect to the vertical direction z).

In the assembled state, the frame 60 is mounted on the support plate 20 with its frame rear side 65 . The frame rear side 65 is arranged opposite the frame outer side 66, which forms part of the overall outer surface of the facade 101 when the facade element 1 is assembled. In this respect, the entire outer surface of the facade element 1 is not formed entirely by the outer side 40 in the form of the solar element 41 alone, but the outer side of the frame 66 also represents a part of the overall outer surface of the facade 101. It is also conceivable that the Solar element 41 is partially covered by other components or elements to the outside, or the total outer surface of the facade 101 with these other ele ments shares. Then the assembly-related advantages of the present inventions are still achievable.

The frame 60 is open towards the top as viewed in the vertical direction z. The frame 60 is U-shaped as viewed along the mounting direction x. Due to the area of the frame 60 that is open at the top, the solar element 41 can be projected over the upper edges of the frame side element 61, 62, i.e. the frame 60, and thus in relation to the basic position in the vertical direction z from the upper side 8 of the facade element 1 will.

Due to the possibility of moving the solar element 41 beyond the upper edge of the facade element 1 from its basic position, the solar element 41 of a facade element 1 arranged below in the facade 101 can advantageously even be the cavity 7 of the above adjacent facade element 1 moved into who the.

The cavity 7 and thus the basic space available for the displaceability of the solar elements 41 beyond the limits of a single facade element 1 can also be seen in FIG. There are in the view 9C), which shows the detailed view H of the detail H of the view 9B), two vertically adjacent facade elements 1 are provided. The cavity 7 of the lower facade element 1 merges into the cavity 7 of the upper facade element 1 . As a result, on the one hand, the solar element 41 of the unte ren facade element 1 can be moved into the cavity 7 of the upper facade element 1 bar. On the other hand, a continuous cooling flow from the lower facade element 1 to the upper facade element 1 can also be carried out. This cooling flow is indicated by the dotted arrow in view 9C) of FIG. 9 and is used on the one hand to cool the solar elements 41 that are heating up.

In the lower area on the underside 9 of the facade element 1, the frame 60 has a smaller depth seen in the mounting direction x than in the rest of the area arranged above it (cf. FIG. 6). The frame 60 or specifically the frame side elements 61, 62 have a lower lateral recess 64. This lower lateral recess 64 is provided in particular in the region of the frame 60 that projects beyond the lower edge 24 of the carrier plate.

This area protruding downwards in the vertical direction z also protrudes in relation to the other components of the facade element 1 in terms of its vertical position, specifically in relation to other functional sections 80 of the facade element 1 on the building side. These other building-side functional sections 80 will be discussed in more detail later. The deepest, lower position of the facade element 1 seen in the vertical direction z is thus through the front section in the form of the lower front edges of the frame 60—or specifically the lower front edge—as seen in the assembly direction x and furthest away from the building 100 or building interior 104 Edges of the frame side member 61, 62 and the unte ren frame front cover 63 - formed. The other area of the underside 9 of the facade element 1, in particular the support plate 20, is set back from said lowest point of the frame 60 and the facade element 1 upwards in the vertical direction z.

In this way, and specifically by means of the lower lateral recess 64 in the frame 60, it is achieved that two facade elements 1 can be arranged overlapping a certain, small area in the integrated into the facade 101 assembly state. This emerges in particular from the illustrations in FIG. 9, specifically the detailed view 9C).

In FIG. 9A) the facade 101 of the schematically illustrated building 100 is again shown in a front view. The view 9B) of FIG. 9 corresponds to the sectional representation according to section lines B-B in the view 9A). View 9C) of FIG. 9 in turn shows the detailed view of detail H from view 9B). This shows the extent to which two façade elements 1 which are arranged adjacent in the vertical direction z are arranged in a composite with each other. In this respect, we are talking about a facade element 1 arranged above and adjacent if the abbreviation to "the upper facade element 1" is referred to. As soon as "the lower facade element 1" is mentioned for short, the facade element 1 arranged adjacent below should be meant.

As can be seen from FIG. 9C), the lower lateral recess 64 is set up to partially accommodate an upper side 8 of a facade element 1 that is adjacent below, viewed in the vertical direction z. The lower frame-front cover 63 of the above adjacent facade element 1 is seen in the mounting direction x in the region of the upper edge 43 on the solar element 41 of the element 1 adjacent Fassadenele below.

Since the upper edge 43 of the solar element 41 is located behind the lower edge 44 of the solar element 41 as viewed in the mounting direction x (i.e. further towards the interior of the building 104), the solar element 41 arranged adjacent below can move upwards behind the adjacent solar element 41 above it along the vertical direction z be moved. The same applies, of course, to the upper facade element 1 in view 9C), the solar panel 41 of which can also be pushed upwards along the vertical direction z, even if another facade element 1 is arranged next to it further above.

The solar element 41 is slightly inclined in the mounting direction x. In other words, a deliberate minimum inclination of the outside 40 of the facade element 1 is selected. This is only a small angle offset. As a result, the top edge 43 of the solar element 41 is in a lower position as seen in the mounting direction x, i.e. a position closer in the direction of the building 100 or building interior 104, than the bottom edge 44 of the solar element 41. In this way, the top edge 43 of the solar element 41 is located on the lower facade element 1 in the assembly direction x behind the lower edge 44 of the above adjacent solar element 41. The minimum inclination of Solar elements 41 allow vertical overlapping of the solar elements 41 that are adjacent in the vertical direction z.

Due to the vertical displaceability of the solar element 41, the access area 2 or 2' can be variably adapted to the interior or the cavity 7 of a facade element 1 and in particular to the respective carrier plate 20. As a result, both a simplified assembly of the facade elements 1 to form the entire facade 101 and an individual disassembly or partial disassembly of a single facade element 1 from an already assembled facade 101 is possible.

An advantageous method for installing the facade 101 of the building 100 is proposed as follows: at least one facade element 1 is integrated into the facade 101 in such a way that the support plate 20 is attached to the vertical supports 102 (or an alternative building structure) of the building 100, by mounting the support plate 20 to the vertical supports 2 by means of mounting means from the external environment U via the access area 2, 2'.

In concrete terms, a façade element 1 is integrated into the façade by first screwing the upper assembly screws 3 through the upper assembly bores 21 in the support plate 20 and then the lower assembly screws 4 via the lower assembly bores 22 in the support plate 20 on the vertical supports 102 of the building 100. Alternatively, the reverse sequence of first tightening the lower mounting screws 4 and then the upper mounting screws 3 is also possible. Advantageously, the upper Montagebohrun gene 21 and the lower mounting holes 22 already cut threads for the upper and lower mounting screws 3 and 4 respectively. In principle, it would also be conceivable that only a single upper assembly screw 3 or lower assembly screw 4 is provided. However, as shown, it is preferred if at least two upper mounting screws 3 or two lower mounting screws 4 are provided, which can be introduced into the corresponding upper mounting holes 21 or lower mounting holes 22 in the area of the lateral edges of the carrier plate 20.

It is ensured either via the upper access area 2 or the lower access area 2' that the entire facade element 1 can be easily attached to the steel skeleton of the building 100 from the outer environment U.

Between the two screwing steps, the outside 40 or the solar element 41 is displaced along the vertical direction z, so that the access area 2 is formed in the area of the upper side 8 of the facade element and thus the access access to the support plate 20 with the upper mounting holes 21 is possible (basic position of the solar element 41), or so that on the other hand in the area of the underside 9 of the facade element 1 the access area 2' is formed.

The advantages of the proposed facade element 1 also have a positive effect on the proposed method for dismantling a facade element 1 from the facade 101 of the building 100 with at least one facade element or, as shown, with several adjacent facade elements 1: A already in the Façade 101 integrated façade element 1 is basically solved by detaching the carrier plate 20 from the basic structure of the building 100, in this case from the vertical carriers 102. The support plate 20 is dismantled from the basic structure or the vertical supports 102 of the building 100 by removing the assembly means in the form of the upper assembly screws 3 and lower assembly screws 4 from the outer environment U via the access area 2 or 2' from the basic structure or The vertical supports 102 are released. By loosening the upper assembly screws 3 and lower assembly screws 4 from the upper assembly bores 21 and lower assembly bores 22 of the support plate 20, the support plate 20 and thus the entire facade element 1 connected to that support plate 20 can be easily removed from the mounting direction x from the Facade 101 to be removed. In addition, the facade element 1 may have to be freed from a slight overlap with a facade element 1 adjacent above in the region of the upper side 8 . This is ever possible by simple manipulations or a short guiding of the facade element 1 or its front part connected to the released carrier plate 20 downwards entge gene the vertical direction z. Possibly existing building-side functional sections 80 adjoining the carrier plate 20 in the direction of the building interior 104, which will be discussed in more detail later, may have to be prepared beforehand for the dismantling of the entire facade element 1 mentioned. For example, it may be necessary for an inner wall panel 81, which is connected to adjacent inner wall panels 81 in the building interior 104 jointly for the purpose of providing a common inner wall, from the building interior 104 to first have to be released from its connection with adjacent wall elements.

In order to loosen the upper assembly screws 3 and the lower assembly screws 4, the assembly screws 3, 4 can be accessed in a simple manner from the outside from the external environment U through the access area 2 or 2'. In this case, the solar element 41 is displaced in the vertical direction z in order to adjust the access area 2 or 2' between the steps of loosening the upper assembly screws 3 on the one hand and the lower assembly screws 4 on the other hand. Depending on the application, it is also conceivable that only the front part of the facade element 1 has to be dismantled. It may be sufficient and above all advisable for practical reasons to remove only the front part, seen in the assembly direction x, comprising the frame 60 and the solar element 41 held therein from the facade 101 . Then, however, the carrier plate 20 and the components of the facade element 1 possibly further on the building side in the assembly direction x, such as building-side functional sections 80 described in more detail later, would remain on the facade 101 after the dismantling steps. In concrete terms, the connection between the frame 60 and the carrier plate 20 must then be released, which can also be made possible by accessing the facade element 1 from the outside environment U.

Finally, the proposed facade element 1 also has installation-specific advantages with regard to maintenance work. This makes it easy to change the solar element 41 . These advantages are particularly evident when using the PV panels 42 as it may be necessary to replace individual PV panels 42 over the lifetime of the building 100 . The present invention effectively avoids the need for the entire facade element 1 to be reinstalled, or for example the entire facade 101 to be renovated.

A method for dismantling a solar element 41 or PV panel 42 of a facade element 1 integrated into a facade 101 of a building 100 is proposed as follows: For the purpose of such dismantling, for example to replace a PV panel 42, the lower frame The position of the front cover 63 of the frame 60 of the affected facade element 1 is changed in such a way that the solar element 41 or PV panel 42 can be pushed out of the frame 60 and removed downwards as seen in the vertical direction z.

Such a method for dismantling or replacing a solar element 41 is shown in various steps in FIG. So in Fig. 10 in the four different views (view 10A) top left, view 10B) top right, view 10C) bottom left, view 10D) bottom right) is basically only schematically the already described facade 101 of the building 100 with twelve integrated , Adjacent facade elements 1 shown (according to the representation of FIG. 1).

The view of FIG. 10A) shows in a first step of the replacement of the solar element 41 in the detail C how the solar element 41 of the upper facade element 1 was moved upwards along the vertical direction z. As a result, via the access area 2' of the upper facade element 1, direct access from the outside to the lower assembly bores 22, which can be recognized as an indication, is possible. It is also recognizable bar how the access area 2 of the adjacent facade element 1 below is now be conditioned by moving the upper solar element 41 upwards and no longer, as previously in the basic position of the upper solar element 41, by the solar element 41 is covered. Accordingly, the upper assembly could now also be screwed 3 of the adjacent facade element 1 below. Such a step would be necessary, for example, to completely dismantle the facade element 1 next to it below.

In the present case, however, the lower mounting screws 4 are loosened from the lower mounting holes 22 of the upper facade element 1 in the subsequent step, which can be seen in outline in view 10B) of FIG. As a result, the upper facade element 1 is already somewhat loosened in the area of its underside 9 .

Subsequently, as can be seen in the view 10 C of FIG. 10, a slight back pivoting of the frame 60 together with the support plate 20 outwards against the Mon daily direction x is possible. The support plate 20 is only fixed to the vertical supports 102 of the building 100 with the upper mounting screws 3, so that this small pivoting movement is possible in the lower area. By this pivoting back, the facade element 1 or the frame 60 together with the carrier plate 20 is exposed in the front area of the underside 9 on the outside. In concrete terms, it is pivoted out of the lateral overlap, seen in the vertical direction y, with facade elements 1 arranged adjacent laterally or horizontally. The abutting arrangement of the horizontally adjacent facade elements 1 is thus eliminated, so that lateral frame screws 67 are freely accessible for the purpose of dismantling when the facade element 1 is pivoted back.

As a result, as also indicated in view 10C), the position of the lower frame front cover 63 of the frame 60 can be changed by dismantling the lower frame front cover 63 from the frame side elements 61, 62 of the frame 60. For this purpose, the lateral frame screws 67 are loosened along or counter to the horizontal direction y, as a result of which the connection between the lower frame front cover 63 and the frame side elements 61, 62 is released.

Then, in the next step, which is indicated in view 10D), the solar element 41 can be pulled downwards against the vertical direction z from the frame 60, or specifically from the frame side elements 61, 62 and, as a result, from the composite of the facade element 1 will. If it is necessary to release electrical or other connections of the solar element 41 or the PV panel 42, such steps for releasing the connections can also be carried out in advance on the basis of the fundamental Accessibility of the inner cavity 7 of the facade elements 1 can be easily performed.

For the purpose of anti-theft protection, the side frame screws 67 can be provided with special, non-commercially available heads and can therefore only be loosened or tightened with a special tool.

It is then possible, in reverse order, to push a new solar element 41 back into the frame 60 or the frame side elements 61, 62 from below, then to connect the lower frame front cover 63 to the frame side elements 61, 62 again and also to integrate the entire facade element 1 securely into the facade 101 via the carrier plate 20 as described.

As described, the frame 60 is preferably designed in several parts for this purpose. The three basic elements in the form of the lower frame front cover 63 and the frame side elements 61, 62 are non-positively connected to one another via the side frame screws 67. In principle, however, it is also conceivable for the frame 60 to be designed in one piece. The lower area in the form of the lower frame front cover 63 could also be designed to be pivotable in the course of such a one-piece design, so that after pivoting approximately downwards a solar element 41 could be pulled downwards out of the assembly.

However, the multi-part design of the frame 60 is shown here and is preferred in this respect, with the lower frame front cover 63 acting as a type of panel. For the sake of illustration, the frame 60 is shown individually in FIG. The frame 60 with solar element 41 is shown in a front view in view 7A) of FIG. 7 (top left). The view 7B) (top right) shows the frame 60 with the solar element 41 in a side view and the view 7C) (middle) in a corresponding plan view from above. View 7D) (bottom left) shows detail A from view 7C), while view 7E) (bottom right) shows detail B from view 7B).

The depth of the solar element 41 extending in the assembly direction x is less than the depth of the frame 60 or the frame side elements 61, 62 extending in the assembly direction x. This also applies to the lower area of the frame side element 61 or 62 in the area of the lower lateral ones Recess 64, which is why in the representations according to view 7B) and 7E) of FIG. 7 the view of the correspondingly unrecognizable solar element 41 is blocked by the frame side element 62. The frame side elements 61 , 62 have both a rear receiving area 68 and a front receiving area 69 . The solar element 41 is held with its lateral outer edges 45 in the front receiving area 69 . The solar element 41 is guided through the front receiving area 69 and can be displaced along this front receiving area 69 in the vertical direction z.

In the present case and insofar as is preferred, the frame side elements 61, 62 are designed as extruded aluminum profiles. The frame side elements 61, 62 have an "E-contour" with the two receiving areas 68, 69. In this respect, the frame side elements 61, 62 designed as aluminum extruded profiles can also be referred to as "E-profiles".

The further element of the frame 60 in the form of the lower frame front cover 63 is present and in this respect preferably designed as an aluminum extruded profile. The lower frame front cover 63 , designed as an extruded aluminum profile, is extruded with lateral screw channels 70 . About these screw channels 70 are the frame side members 61, 62 by means of the side frame screws 67 on the lower frame front cover 63 screwed together. The lower frame front cover 63 is in the assembled state of the facade element 1 by means of screwed through the screw channels 70 lateral frame screws 67 with the two frame side elements 61, 62 releasably connected. For this purpose, in each of the two frame side elements 61, 62, a lateral hole 71 is additionally provided in the lower region as viewed in the vertical direction z.

The frame 60 is ver on the two frame backs 65 with the support plate 20 connected. The carrier plate 20 is a highly water-repellent component, so that moisture that has entered the facade element 1 from the outside up to the carrier plate 20 can at least not be transported any further in the direction of the building 100 or building interior 104 . In this respect, the carrier plate 20 also represents a first insulating layer. The carrier plate 20 represents a water barrier for moisture that could potentially penetrate from the outside.

Furthermore, the support plate 20 is used for insulation between the aluminum frame 60 and the other steel components on the inside of the building, such as the steel skeleton with horizontal supports 103 and vertical supports 102 of the building 100 itself. In this way, electrochemical corrosion is effectively prevented. avoided. In addition, components of the facade element 1 located further inside, closer to the building 100 can be made of steel, for example, so that the carrier plate 20 can serve as a barrier between the frame 60 or the front area and the steel components of the facade element 1 itself located behind it. The carrier plate 20 is thus also used for insulation, in particular between the aluminum material, which is preferably used before for the frame 60, and the steel material (such as the flat steel 89a). The carrier plate 20 is in particular designed to be electrically non-conductive.

Various other functional sections of the facade element 1 are then provided on the carrier plate 20 in the assembly direction x. These are the functional sections 80 on the building side, which can be clearly seen in the illustrations according to FIGS. 4 and 6 .

First of all, a stabilizing section 89 is provided on the back of the carrier plate 20 . For the purpose of stability of the structure, a cross bracing made of flat steel 89a is mounted on the carrier plate 20.

On the support plate 20 with stabilizing section 89 in the assembly direction x then an insulation section 88 is provided as a further building-side functional section 80 see. The insulation section has two insulation panels 88a, 88b made of insulating insulation material.

Furthermore, an intermediate plate 87 is provided. The intermediate plate 87 serves in the presently illustrated and preferred exemplary embodiment at the same time as additional, internal thermal insulation. In this case, the intermediate plate 87 is designed as a wood fiber thermal insulation board.

An inner wall panel 81 is also provided on the innermost side viewed in the assembly direction x and facing the building interior 104 in the assembled state in the facade 101 . The inner wall panel 81 is used to provide an inner wall for the building interior 104. In the exemplary embodiment shown here and insofar preferred, the inner wall panel 81 is designed as a gypsum board, specifically as a fiber-reinforced gypsum board.

In this way, the assembly time or production time for constructing a facade 101 of a building 100 can be particularly reduced. Because as soon as the facade elements 1 have been connected to the steel skeleton of the building 100 as described, an inner wall for the building interior 104 is also provided directly. The adjacent facade elements 1 are on the inside of the building flush with each other, so that the entire inner wall only needs to be filled and painted, for example. Then the desired interior walls of the building 100 are completed on the facade side.

The adjacent inner wall panels 81 of adjacent facade elements 1 provide a uniform and straight inner surface for the building interior 104 . The outside of the facade 101 is in turn also a uniform overall picture. Because of the described overlapping and slight inclination of the solar elements 41, this is not a flat, straight overall outer surface, but a uniform and aesthetically pleasing image of the facade 101 is also ensured on the outside.

Between the inner wall plate 81 and the support plate 20, the functional sections 80 mentioned on the building side are arranged in the form of the stabilizing section 89, insulation section 88 and the intermediate plate 87. Furthermore, an inner lining section 82 is also provided in this area.

The interior lining section 82 can be seen particularly clearly in FIG. 8 . The facade element 1 shown in FIG. 8 is shown in a perspective view from the inner side of the building, ie the building interior 104, with the inner wall panel 81 being omitted to illustrate the inner lining section 82 and not being shown.

The interior paneling section 82 serves to provide cable ducts 86. These cable ducts 86 can serve as installation space or space for laying other technology installed in the building 100 or for the building interior 104. Thus, the cable ducts 86 can be used in the sense of cable ducts for building services. Power or data lines or other elements can be laid in the cable ducts 86, even across different floors of the building 100. Thus, the cable ducts 86 of approximately vertically adjacent facade elements 1 can be connected to one another and thus provide a continuous cable duct. Those cable ducts 86 can then easily be accessed through the interior wall panels 81 from the building interior 104 as well.

The inner lining section 82 has different spacers to provide the cable ducts 86 and ultimately to provide the installation space between the inner wall panel 81 and the carrier plate 20 . In the present case, these spacers are designed as simple slats made of wood. As can be seen from FIG. 8, various horizontal channel delimiting elements 85a and vertical channel delimiting elements 85b, here in the form of wooden slats, are provided. Likewise, two lateral stand holder 84, present also in the form of wooden slats, provided. The lateral spacers 84 also have sealing grooves which extend in the vertical direction z and serve to accommodate the two sealing elements 6 . The sealing elements 6 are made of EPDM. In addition, another vertically longitudinally extending sealing element 5, also made of EPDM, is provided, which further on the outside in the area of the frame 60 provides an additional seal.

Furthermore, two further spacers are provided, namely the upper spacer 83a on the one hand and the lower spacer 83b on the other, both also designed as wooden slats. Both spacers 83a and 83b extend over a large number of the building's functional sections 80, viewed in the assembly direction x, namely from the interior paneling section 82 to the support plate 20. This is particularly clear from the representation according to FIG. 9C). Accordingly, the upper spacer 83a forms an overarching roof element for this area of the facade element 1 and the lower spacer 83b forms a corresponding floor element. Facade elements 1 that are adjacent in the vertical direction z rest with their respective lower spacers 83b on the upper spacers 83a of the facade elements 1 that are adjacent below.

As can be seen from this, i.e. in particular the view 9C in FIG. 9, in connection with the exploded views according to FIG. 4 and FIG 88, ie the insulation panels 88a, 88b, and the Zwischenplat te 87 in the inner lining section 82 with respect to the extent in the assembly Rich direction x was added. Adjacent to the inner lining section 82 in the assembly direction x is the inner wall panel 81 , which accordingly forms a flush closure of the facade element 1 on the inside of the building. Contrary to the assembly direction x, i.e. in the direction of the external environment U, the carrier plate 20 is then arranged on the inner lining section 82, which in turn forms the aforementioned insulating layer in the form of a water barrier and also as a barrier between steel and aluminum components.

The previously mentioned, deliberately set up, less inclined position of the outside te 40 of the facade elements 1, or the solar elements 41 and the frame 60 in which they are guided, can be compensated for by the design of the upper spacers 83a or lower spacers 83b. In the present case, as can be seen in FIG. 9C), the lower spacer 83b has a greater extent in the assembly direction x than the upper spacer 83a. Both the upper spacer 83a and the lower spacer 83b have cable routing openings 90, respectively. As already discussed analogously to the cable ducts 86, cables, for example in the form of power or data lines for the building technology, can be routed through these cable routing openings 90 . The lateral spacers 84 also have similar small openings or recesses.

The facade element 1 shown and in this respect preferred has a width of 1 m seen in the horizontal direction y and a height of 1.9 m in the vertical direction z. In this way, the facade element 1 can be handled particularly well and processed on the construction site and above all connected to existing steel skeleton buildings. However, these dimensions are not to be understood as limiting. The size of the Fassa denelements 1 can also be chosen differently. However, the several facade elements 1 attached to a facade 101 are preferably all of the same design in terms of their width and preferably also their height. It could also be sufficient for a row of facade elements 1 of a facade 101 to have the same heights, in order to all be butt-jointed in the horizontal direction. Furthermore, the facade elements 1 arranged in a column in the vertical direction should always have the same width, so that the adjacent arrangement lying one on top of the other and also partially overlapping in the vertical direction z are possible.

reference list

1 facade element 64 lower lateral recess (inside

2, 2' access area frame side element 61 or 62)

3 top mounting screw 65 frame rear

4 lower mounting screw 66 frame outside

5 sealing element 67 side frame screws

6 sealing element 68 rear receiving area (des

7 cavity frame side member 61, 62)

8 upper side (of the facade element 69 front receiving area (of the 1) frame side element 61, 62)

9 underside (of the cladding element 70 side screw channel (of the 1) lower frame front cover 63)

20 support plate 71 side hole

21 upper mounting hole (in the carrier plate 20) 80 building-side function dev

22 lower mounting hole (in the section support plate 20) 81 inner wall plate

23 Support panel top edge 82 Interior trim section

24 Support plate lower edge 83a upper spacer

25 carrier plate side edges 83b lower spacer

84 side spacer

40 outside 85a horizontal channel limit

41 solar element element

42 PV panel 85b vertical channel delimitation element

43 upper edge (of the solar element 41 ment or PV panel 42) 86 cable duct

44 lower edge (of the solar element 41 87 intermediate plate or PV panel 42) 88 insulation section

45 lateral outer edges (of the So 88a, 88b insulating panels lar elements 41 or PV panels 89 stabilization section 42) 89a flat steel

90 cable routing hole

60 frames

61 frame side element (left) 100 buildings

62 Frame side element (right) 101 Façade

63 Lower Frame Front Cover 102 (Building 100) Vertical Beam 103 horizontal beam (of building 100)

104 building interior

U external environment (outside the building 100) x mounting direction y horizontal direction z vertical direction

Claims

patent claims

1. Facade element (1) for constructing a facade (101) of a building (100), where the facade element (1) has at least one connection structure, in particular designed as a carrier plate (20), for mounting on the building (100), one opposite the connection structure outside (40) and a frame (60) at least partially surrounding the outside (40), wherein the connection structure, the outside (40) and the frame (60) are connected to one another in such a way that, in a building ( 100) attached assembly state of the facade element (1), the connection structure is spaced apart from the outside (40) in an assembly direction (x) pointing from an external environment (U) to the building (100), characterized in that the outside (40) is formed by a solar element (41) for the use of solar energy, wherein the solar element (41) is arranged with the connection structure in partial overlap that an access area (2; 2 ') for Be is designed to provide free access along the mounting direction (x) from the outside to the connection structure.

2. Facade element (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the solar element (41) in the vertical direction (z) from a basic position and into the

Basic position is set up to be moved back.

3. Facade element (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that the solar element (41) with its lateral outer edges (45) is slidably held and guided in front receiving areas (69) of frame side elements (61, 62) of the frame (60). .

4. Facade element (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, in a basic position of the solar element (21), the access area (2) in the form of an upper access area (2) in the area of an upper side (8) of the facade element ( 1) and that, in a position of the solar element (41) shifted upwards in the vertical direction (z), the access area (2') is in the form of a lower access area (2') in the area of an underside (9) of the facade element (1) is formed.

5. Facade element (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the solar element (41) in its basic position rests on a lower frame front cover (63) of the frame (60), in particular with a lower edge (44) of the solar element (41).

6. Facade element (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the connection structure, in particular designed as a carrier plate (20), has a smaller vertical extension in the vertical direction (z) than the frame (60), preferably that a lower end of the frame (60), in particular a lower frame front cover (63), has a lower vertical position in the vertical direction (z) than a lower edge of the connection structure, in particular than a carrier plate lower edge (24).

7. Facade element (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the solar element (41) is arranged so slightly inclined in the assembly direction (x) that an upper edge (43) of the solar element (40) has a lower position in the assembly direction (x), especially in the Montagezu was a more the building (100) or the building interior (104) facing position, having as a lower edge (44) of the solar element (41).

8. Facade element (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the frame (60) has two lateral frame side elements (60, 61) that lie opposite one another and extend longitudinally in the vertical direction (z), the frame side elements (61 , 62) each having a lower lateral recess (64) and a front region of lesser depth in the mounting direction (x), seen from below in the vertical direction (z).

9. Facade element (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that two lateral, opposite and longitudinally extending in the vertical direction (z) frame side elements (61, 62) of the frame (60) viewed in the vertical direction (z) in the lower area each have a lateral hole (71), and/or that a lower frame front cover (63) by means of lateral frame screws (67) screwed tightly through a respective lateral screw channel (70) of the lower frame front cover (63) with the two Frame side elements (61, 62) is detachably connected, wherein, more preferably, the lateral frame screws (67) are guided through the lateral bores (71).

10. Facade element (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the connection structure, in particular designed as a carrier plate (20), has at least one upper mounting hole (21) in the region of an upper side (8) of the facade element (1), preferably two upper months bores (21) each in the area of opposite side edges of the connection structure, in particular in the area of opposite side edges (25) of the support plate, for fixing the connection structure, in particular designed as a support plate (20), to vertical supports (102) of the building (100) by means of upper mounting screws (3), preferably that the connection structure, in particular designed as a carrier plate (20), in the area of an underside (9) of the facade element (1) has at least one lower mounting hole (22), preferably two lower mounting holes (22), each in the Area of opposite side edges of the connection structure, in particular in the area of opposite side edges (25) of the support plate, for fixing the connection structure, in particular designed as a support plate (20), to vertical supports (102) of the building (100) extending in the vertical direction (z). by means of lower assembly screws (4).

11. Facade (101) of a building (100), characterized in that at least two facade elements (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims in the facade (101) are arranged vertically or horizontally adjacent.

12. Facade (101) according to claim 11, characterized in that the two facade elements (1) are arranged vertically adjacent, with the outside (40) of the facade element (1) arranged adjacent above in a vertical direction (z) seen from below the upper side (8) of the underlying adjacent to parent facade element (1) is arranged partially overlapping.

13. Method for installing a facade (101) of a building (100), characterized in that at least one facade element (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims is integrated into the facade (101) in such a way that the support plate (20 ) formed, connection structure is fastened to a basic structure, in particular to vertical supports (102), of the building (100), in that the connection structure is attached to the basic structure, in particular right on the vertical supports (102).

14. Method for dismantling a facade element (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims from a facade (101) of a building (100), characterized in that the connection structure, in particular as a carrier plate (20), is formed from a basic structure, in particular is dismantled from vertical beams (102) of the building (100) by assembly means, which connect the connection structure to the basic structure, in particular to the vertical beams (102), from the external environment (U) via the access rich (2, 2 ') from the basic structure, in particular from the vertical supports (102), are detached.

15. A method for dismantling a solar element (41), in particular a PV panel (42), a facade element (1) according to claim 14, wherein the facade element (1) is integrated in a facade (101) of a building (100), wherein a lower frame front cover (63) of the frame (60) is changed in its position such that the solar element (41), in particular the PV panel (42), viewed in the vertical direction (z) downwards out of the frame ( 60) can be pushed out and removed.