WO2022254129A1

WO2022254129A1 - Magnetic induction-based electrical connection device and method for electrically charging a battery of electrical accumulators for a motor vehicle

Info

Publication number: WO2022254129A1
Application number: PCT/FR2022/050995
Authority: WO
Inventors: Jean-Yves Marcel Joseph GASPARD; Denis Georges Aimée FAURE
Original assignee: Electricfil Automotive; Mag Tech
Priority date: 2021-05-31
Filing date: 2022-05-25
Publication date: 2022-12-08
Also published as: FR3123266A1; FR3123266B1

Abstract

The invention relates to a magnetic induction-based electrical connection device for electrically charging a battery of electrical accumulators for a motor vehicle, comprising: - a charging terminal (14) having a structure (16) with variable geometry that carries a primary inductor (18); - a secondary inductor (20) that is carried by the motor vehicle (12); characterized in that the device comprises at least one electromagnet (28) that is controlled to a state of attraction so as to force the primary inductor and the facing secondary inductor towards each other. The invention also relates to a charging method comprising cooperation through mechanical contact between the support head (26) carrying a primary inductor (18) and a guide (36) attached to the motor vehicle (12), causing the support head (26) to move through space, and comprising controlling an electromagnet to an maintaining it in a state of attraction during a charging step.

Description

Title of the invention: Device for electrical connection by magnetic induction and method for electrically recharging a battery of electrical accumulators of a motor vehicle

Technical area

The invention relates to devices and methods for the electrical charging of an electric storage battery of a motor vehicle, these devices and methods using an electrical connection by magnetic induction.

Prior technique

We are witnessing a particularly significant development of motor vehicles, that is to say capable of moving by the force of one or more traction motors on board the machine, which include a battery of electric accumulators on board the machine and serving as a source of electrical energy for one or more electric motor(s)/actuator(s) on board the machine. The electric motor(s)/actuator(s) powered by the electric storage battery may comprise one or more traction motors, ensuring the movement of the motor vehicle, and/or one or more several motor(s)/actuator(s) ensuring an auxiliary function of the motor vehicle, for example ensuring movement of equipment of the vehicle.

[0003] Such motor vehicles include motor vehicles intended for the transport of people, or goods or bulk materials, such as passenger cars, buses, trucks, rail machines, boats, aircraft, etc. .... Such automotive machinery also covers automotive industrial machinery, such as transport trolleys, public works machinery (excavators, loaders, graders, dumpers, compactors, etc.), or any other type of construction machinery. handling capable of move by the action of at least one traction motor on board the vehicle, in particular an electric traction motor.

In such a device, it is generally expected that the electric storage battery is recharged at regular intervals by connection to an external source of electrical energy, generally a fixed source, in particular at a charging station.

[0005]According to a known technique, the motor vehicle and the charging station are each provided with a compatible socket, in principle according to a complementary geometry of the male/female type, making it possible, by coupling the two sockets, to connect a circuit of the motor vehicle to an electrical circuit of the charging terminal by electrical conduction at the contact pins of the two sockets.

[0006]However, devices and methods have also been proposed in which the electrical circuits of the motor vehicle and of the charging terminal are connected to each other by magnetic induction between a primary inductor belonging to the charging terminal and a secondary inductor belonging to the motor vehicle. Such electrical connection devices by magnetic induction have numerous advantages, including for example galvanic isolation between the electrical circuit of the motor vehicle and that of the charging terminal. Another advantage of an electrical connection device by magnetic induction is that it allows implementation by simple matching vis-à-vis the primary inductor and the secondary inductor, unlike electrical outlets. which require a movement of relative interlocking of the two sockets, a movement which is difficult to automate, especially in the case of sockets allowing the circulation of a relatively high electrical power because it is then necessary to ensure perfect mechanical contact between the pins of the sockets to avoid at all costs the appearance of electric arcs at the pins.

[0007] Electrical connection devices by magnetic induction are presented in the documents EP 2739501 and FR 2740921. [0008] In these documents, the electrical connection by magnetic induction is used to ensure the electrical connection between the charging terminal and the motor vehicle automatically, by simply using the relative displacement between the motor vehicle and the terminal. charging during a docking operation of the motor vehicle with the charging terminal to automatically ensure the matching vis-à-vis the primary inductor with the secondary inductor.

In these two documents, the matching of the primary inductor with the secondary inductor is ensured in a purely mechanical manner by complementary shapes between a support head of the charging station, which carries the primary inductor and which is mobile in space, and a guide which is integral with the motor vehicle. The mobility of the support head and its interaction with the guide makes it possible to obtain the matching vis-à-vis the primary inductor with the secondary inductor despite any inaccuracy in the relative placement between the motor vehicle and the charging station. Although apparently satisfactory in principle, the purely mechanical matching must take into account the constraints which are linked to the geometry of the complementary guide surfaces and which are linked to the need to control the contact forces between the support head and the guide integral with the motor vehicle, efforts which cannot be too great without hindering the relative movement. In this way, it may result in inaccuracies in the matching of the primary inductor with the secondary inductor, and/or imperfect contact between the support head and the guide, signifying in all cases a possible loss of efficiency of the electrical connection by magnetic induction, which is known to be significantly influenced by the distance between the primary inductor and the secondary inductor and by the relative positioning between the primary inductor and the secondary inductor.

[0010] There is known from FR 3100757 an articulated assembly for recharging a traction battery of an electric motor vehicle by bringing two inductors into contact, but does not allow good contact to be achieved. [0011] US 2020023743 proposes a battery charging device by induction, but the matching of which is ensured mechanically, and therefore has the drawbacks mentioned above.

[0012]US 2016332525 Al proposes an electrical connection device for the electrical charging of an electric accumulator battery, but such charging is not carried out through inductors.

[0013] FR 2969408 A1 relates to a battery induction charging system, and aims to facilitate the relative positioning of a primary circuit arranged on a charging point with respect to a secondary circuit installed on the vehicle in guaranteeing adaptation to any vehicle configuration, but does not offer a solution to improve the contact between the two circuits.

[0014]US 2017018963 Al discloses an electrical connection device by magnetic induction for the electrical charging of an electric storage battery of a motor vehicle by placing a primary inductor and a secondary inductor facing each other, but does not does not offer a solution to improve the contact between the two circuits.

Disclosure of Invention

The object of the invention is therefore to propose a device and a method of electrical connection by mechanical induction which makes it possible to improve the relative positioning between the primary inductor and the secondary inductor, and therefore to improve the magnetic coupling between the primary inductor and the secondary inductor, to the benefit of the efficiency of the transfer of electrical energy through the electrical connection by magnetic induction.

[0016] For this purpose, the invention proposes an electrical connection device by magnetic induction for the electrical recharging of a battery of electrical accumulators of a motor vehicle, comprising:

- A charging station having a variable-geometry structure which carries a primary inductor, the variable-geometry structure allowing movement of the primary inductor in space;

- A secondary inductor which is carried by the motor vehicle; characterized in that the connection device comprises at least one electromagnet which is controlled in a state of attraction to press the primary inductor and the secondary inductor towards each other opposite.

[0017] Other characteristics of such a device, which are optional and which can be combined with each other, are listed below.

In some embodiments, the movement of the primary inductor in space is ensured passively by cooperation with a guide integral with the motor vehicle.

[0019] In certain embodiments, the variable-geometry structure comprises a support head which carries the primary inductor and which is movable in space with the primary inductor. In certain variants of such embodiments, the primary inductor is fixed on the support head. In some of these embodiments and these variants, the at least one electromagnet is secured to the support head of the variable geometry structure. In combination or as an alternative, in certain embodiments, the at least electromagnet is secured to the motor vehicle.

[0020] In certain embodiments, the electromagnet is distinct from the primary inductor and from the secondary inductor.

In some embodiments, the electromagnet is controlled in a state of attraction at least when the primary inductor and the secondary inductor are in a relative position of correspondence vis-à-vis.

[0022] In certain embodiments, the device comprises at least one position sensor which detects a relative position between the primary inductor and the secondary inductor, and the electromagnet is controlled in a state of attraction according to relative position information between the primary inductor and the secondary inductor, delivered by the position sensor. In certain variants of such embodiments, at least one of the primary inductor and the secondary inductor forms a relative position sensor between the primary inductor and the secondary inductor. In some variations of such modes of embodiment or such variants, the device comprises at least one relative position sensor between the primary inductor and the secondary inductor which is separate from the primary inductor and from the secondary inductor.

[0023] In certain embodiments, the electromagnet is kept controlled in a state of attraction during a recharging step during which an electrical current for recharging the storage battery circulates between the primary inductor and the secondary inductor .

[0024] In certain embodiments in which the movement of the primary inductor in space is provided passively by cooperation with a guide integral with the motor vehicle and in which the variable-geometry structure comprises a support head which carries the primary inductor and which is movable in space with the primary inductor, the support head is configured to cooperate mechanically with the guide secured to the motor vehicle in such a way that, during a docking operation comprising a relative movement of rapprochement between the motor vehicle and the charging station, cooperation by mechanical contact between the support head and the guide causes a movement of the support head in space to bring the support head into a relative position predefined by report to the guide. In certain variants of such embodiments, the support head comprises at least three mechanical contact zones provided to cooperate mechanically with the guide, and the electromagnet is arranged inside a perimeter defined by the at least three zones of contact.

[0025] In certain embodiments in which the variable-geometry structure comprises a support head which carries the primary inductor and which is movable in space with the primary inductor, the variable-geometry structure comprises at least one arm which , by a proximal end, pivots with respect to a base around a horizontal axis of lower pivoting; the support head, which carries the primary inductor, is carried by a distal end of the arm, and the support head pivots relative to the arm around a horizontal axis of upper pivoting; and the arm is pivotable with respect to the base around a vertical axis of azimuth of the arm. In some variants of such modes of embodiment, the arm is mounted on the base by a double pivot comprising a pivot along the lower horizontal pivot axis and a pivot along the vertical azimuth axis of the arm. In some of these variants, the double pivot is formed by a turret which is mounted on the base by the pivot along the vertical azimuth axis of the arm of the double pivot, the arm being, at its proximal end, mounted on the turret by the pivot along the lower horizontal pivot axis of the double pivot.

[0026] In some embodiments, the support head pivots around a head azimuth axis relative to the distal end of the arm. In certain variants of such embodiments, the support head is biased around the vertical axis of head azimuth towards a position of rest relative to the distal end of the arm.

In some embodiments, the base comprises a longitudinal extension slide relative to a base of the variable geometry structure; the base comprises a carriage which slides on the slide in the longitudinal direction of extension of the slide; and the arm pivots, via its proximal end, on the carriage around the lower horizontal pivot axis and around the vertical azimuth axis of the arm. In certain variants of such embodiments, the device comprises means for returning the carriage to a waiting position relative to the slide. In certain variations of such embodiments or such variants, the slide comprises a fixed rail and at least one intermediate rail which slides on the fixed rail according to the longitudinal direction of extension of the slide, and the carriage slides on the intermediate rail of the slide in the longitudinal direction of extension of the slide. In some of these variations, the intermediate rail slides on the fixed rail between a nominal position and a release position, and the device comprises a retractable stop which holds the intermediate rail in the nominal position up to a first force threshold, and which releases the intermediate rail beyond this first force threshold to allow it to slide on the fixed rail towards the release position. [0028] In some embodiments, the device comprises elastic return means of the arm towards a high stop position with respect to the base, in rotation around the horizontal axis of lower pivoting.

[0029] In certain embodiments, the support head has a center of gravity which is offset with respect to the upper horizontal pivot axis around which it pivots with respect to the arm, and, in the absence of an external force applied at the support head, the support head is brought back into a waiting abutment position around the upper horizontal pivot axis by the sole effect of gravity.

[0030] The invention also relates to a method of electric recharging by magnetic induction of an electric storage battery of a motor vehicle comprising the following steps: a- a docking operation comprising a relative movement of approach between the motor vehicle and a charging station having a structure with variable geometry having a support head which carries a primary inductor and which is movable in space with the primary inductor; b- during the docking operation, cooperation by mechanical contact between the support head and a guide integral with the motor vehicle, the mechanical cooperation causing movement of the support head in space to bring the support head into a predefined relative position with respect to the guide; c- the control of an electromagnet in a state of attraction at least when the primary inductor is in a relative position of correspondence vis-à-vis a secondary inductor which is carried by the motor vehicle; d- maintaining the electromagnet in a state of attraction during a recharging step during which an electric current for recharging the storage battery flows between the primary inductor and the secondary inductor.

[0031] In some variants, the method comprises the step of detecting a relative position between the primary inductor and the secondary inductor, and the electromagnet is controlled in a state of attraction according to a relative position information between the primary inductor and the secondary inductor. According to a first alternative of such variants of the method, the method includes the step of deactivating the electromagnet after stopping the flow of electric current for recharging the storage battery between the primary inductor and the secondary inductor. According to a second alternative of such variants of the method, the method comprises the step of keeping the electromagnet activated after stopping the flow of electric current for recharging the storage battery between the primary inductor and the secondary inductor, until a moment following a movement of the motor vehicle relative to the charging station.

Brief description of the drawings

[0032] Figure 1 is a perspective view of a charging terminal for an electrical connection device by magnetic induction according to the invention, the figure comprising a detail of a connecting portion of an arm on a base of a variable geometry structure of the charging station.

[0033] Figure 2 is a schematic perspective view illustrating an embodiment of a guide mounted on the underside of a motor vehicle and provided to cooperate with a charging terminal in an electrical connection device by magnetic induction according to the invention.

Figure 3 is a schematic exploded perspective view of an embodiment of a support head for an electrical connection device by magnetic induction according to the invention.

Figure 4 is a schematic top view showing a first approach phase in a docking operation of a motor vehicle with a charging station. The elements linked to the motor vehicle 12 are illustrated in transparency.

[0036] Figure 5 is a schematic side view showing the same first approach phase as that of Figure 4. Figure 6 is a view identical to that of Figure 4 showing an intermediate phase of guidance in a docking operation of a motor vehicle with a charging station.

[0038] Figure 7 is a view identical to that of Figure 5 showing the same intermediate guiding phase as that of Figure 6.

Figure 8 is a schematic view identical to that of Figure 4 showing a final phase in a docking operation of a motor vehicle with a charging station.

Figure 9 is a schematic view identical to that of Figure 5 showing the same final phase as that of Figure 8.

[0041] Figure 10 is a schematic side view showing a phase of recoil of the arm and of the support head of a charging station in the event of excessive rapprochement between the motor vehicle and the charging station.

[0042] Figure 11 is a schematic side view showing a release phase of the arm and the support head of a charging station in the event of excessive proximity between the motor vehicle and the charging station.

Description of embodiments

The invention relates to an electrical connection device 10 by magnetic induction for the electrical charging of an electric storage battery of a motor vehicle 12.

In general, the device comprises a charging terminal 14 which, as can be seen in Figure 1, is for example electrically connected to a domestic or industrial electrical network. The charging station 14 comprises a variable geometry structure 16 which carries a primary inductor 18 which is intended to cooperate with a secondary inductor 20 carried by the motor vehicle 12, as illustrated in FIG. 2. The variable geometry structure which carries the primary inductor 18 could for example be identical or similar to one or the other of those described in the documents EP-2,739,501 and FR-2,740,921. However, there will be described below, with reference to the drawings, a particularly advantageous embodiment of a structure with variable geometry. The primary inductor 18 and the secondary inductor 20 are intended to be brought into a relative position in correspondence with each other, facing each other, to allow, by magnetic coupling, the transmission of a power electricity from one inductor to the other. Such a relative position of correspondence vis-à-vis the primary inductor 18 and the secondary inductor 20 is illustrated in Figures 8 and 9. This transmission of electrical power will therefore be used in particular to recharge the battery of accumulators of the motor vehicle 12 with electrical power supplied by the electrical network via the charging station 14.

The primary inductor 18 and the secondary inductor 20 can be made in any manner known in the field of electrical connections by magnetic induction. Typically, the primary inductor 18 and/or 20 can each be made in the form of a coil of electrical conductor(s), for example made of copper, or aluminum, or aluminum covered with copper called CCA, etc Each coil may be in the form of a flat helical winding around a central axis A18, A20 and may for example have a diameter of between 100 and 300 millimeters, thus with a thickness in the direction of the central axis. A18, A20 of the coil comprised for example between 5 and 50 millimeters, preferably between 5 and 20 millimeters. Of course, other coil geometries could be used, such as for example coils having concave or convex faces. It can be noted that the coil is generally assembled on a magnetic circuit generally formed of ferrites or other material with high magnetic permeability and low electrical conductivity, making it possible to increase the magnetic coupling between the facing coils and therefore making it possible to limit the magnetic losses of the equivalent transformer formed by the two facing coils.

In known manner, as illustrated in Figure 1, the primary inductor 18 may be electrically powered, for example via one or more electric cables 17, by a power supply 22 of the terminal of recharge 14. Of course the power supply 22 will be adapted to the nature of the electric current supplied by the network 15, which generally a current under alternating voltage. In this case, the power supply 22 may typically include at least one rectifier, for example a "PFC" type rectifier

("Power Factor Corrector" - therefore with power factor correction), followed by an inverter, for example of the resonant inverter type. This power supply 22 may be contained in a power supply box 24 belonging to the charging station 14, and it will be electrically connected to the electrical network 15. The invention may be used by taking electrical energy from a domestic electrical network 15 , for example, in Europe, under an alternating voltage of the order of 230 V single-phase or 400 V three-phase, with currents whose intensity may be less than 32 A, or even less than 16 A.

The charging station 14 can advantageously comprise an electronic control unit 23, which can for example also be housed in the power supply box 24. The electronic control unit 23 can thus control the power supply 22 in particular by function in particular of information received from various sensors and/or from a man-machine interface device (keyboard, touch screen, light or sound sensor, etc.) by which a user can control the charging terminal 14. note that the charging station 14 can preferably, for example via the electronic control unit 23, exchange control and command information with the motor vehicle 12, either by a remote connection (radio waves type HF 433 Mhz, Bluetooth ®, Wi-Fi ®, infrared, etc. or by a wired connection possibly comprising a connection interface which can also be by magnetic induction. It is noted that it is also possible to use, as a channel for exchanging control and command information between the charging station 14 and the motor vehicle 12, a connection by line carrier currents ("PLC") through of the primary inductor 18 and of the secondary inductor when they face each other. It should be noted that several information channels can be provided, possibly based on different technologies. On the side of the charging terminal 14, the power supply 22 will preferably include a high-frequency generator to supply the primary inductor 18 with a high-frequency alternating current, with a frequency for example between 10 kilohertz and 200 kilohertz, preferably between 20 kilohertz and 50 kilohertz. By choosing a high frequency greater than or equal to 20 kilohertz, we place ourselves outside the range of human hearing, which means that the human being can no longer perceive any noise linked to the inductive coupling. By choosing a high frequency less than or equal to 50 kilohertz, compliance with electromagnetic compatibility standards is facilitated.

[0049] Typically, the electrical connection device by magnetic induction 10 is sized to deliver maximum electrical power at the output of secondary inductor 20, that is to say in the direction of the electric storage battery of the vehicle. automotive, between 1 kW and 100 kW, preferably between 3 kW and 25 kW, compatible with a domestic electrical network. Of course, at a given instant during a recharging operation, the electrical power which passes between the primary inductor 18 and the secondary inductor 20 may be less than the maximum electrical power for which the electrical connection device is dimensioned. by magnetic induction 10.

[0050] On the side of the motor vehicle 12, the secondary inductor will typically be connected to an electrical circuit of the motor vehicle which may in particular include a rectifier making it possible to convert the alternating current received at the level of the secondary inductor 20 into direct current to the battery of electric accumulators to be recharged. The electrical circuit of the motor vehicle, to which the secondary inductor 20 and the electric storage battery are connected, may also be connected to an on-board computer network of the motor vehicle 12 to exchange control and command information. with various components of the motor vehicle, including with a human/machine interface component allowing the user to view, check and/or command the operation of the electrical connection device by magnetic induction 10. [0051]0n note that we are mainly interested above in the case of a flow of electric power going from the charging station 14 to the motor vehicle 12 to allow the recharging of the battery of electric accumulators of the motor vehicle. However, the electrical connection device by magnetic induction 10 may be designed to allow a flow of electrical power in the opposite direction, to transfer electrical energy from the motor vehicle 12 to the charging station 14, of course by adapting the electrical circuit of the motor vehicle 12 and the power supply 22 of the charging station 14.

[0052] To allow the relative position of correspondence vis-à-vis the primary inductor 18 and the secondary inductor 20, the variable geometry structure 16 of the charging terminal 14 allows movement of the primary inductor 18 in space, relative to a base of the variable-geometry structure 16 of the charging station 14. Preferably, this displacement in space of the support head 26 of the charging station 14 results in a possibility of movement of the support head 26, and therefore of the primary inductor 18, along three orthogonal dimensions of space in terms of relative movement with respect to the secondary inductor 20. As will be understood later, this possibility displacement of the support head 26, and therefore of the primary inductor 18, along three orthogonal dimensions of space in terms of relative movement with respect to the secondary inductor 20 can be obtained by taking into account a movement of approach l 'engi n automobile 12 to the charging station. In an ideal mapping, as illustrated in Figures 8 and 9, the central axis A18 of the primary inductor 18 will coincide with the central axis A20 of the secondary inductor 20. Of course, the mapping of the primary inductor 18 with the secondary inductor 20 will be considered acquired including with an admissible radial offset between the central axis A18 of the primary inductor 18 and the central axis A20 of the secondary inductor 20, the radial direction being considered here as perpendicular to the central axis A18 of the primary inductor 18 and to the central axis A20 of the secondary inductor 20. The permissible radial offset is for example or equal to 50 millimeters, preferably less than or equal to 25 millimeters, more preferably less than or equal to 10 millimeters.

[0053] Preferably, the device is designed such that in a charging configuration, the primary inductor 18 and the secondary inductor 20 are placed in a relative position of correspondence facing each other with a distance separating them according to the direction of their central axis which will preferably be less than one fifth of the diameter of the inductors. In the context of two primary and secondary inductors whose diameter would be between 100 mm and 300 mm, the distance separating the primary inductor 18 from the secondary inductor 20 will thus preferably be less than 20 millimeters (mm), preferably less 10 millimeters (mm) between the facing faces of each of the coils forming each of the inductors. With such values, it is considered that the electrical connection by magnetic induction is made with a small air gap, which suggests an efficiency greater than 90% for the complete electrical power transmission chain between the electrical power drawn by the electrical power supply 22 on the network 15 and the electric power delivered to the battery of electric accumulators of the motor vehicle 12. In the example which will be described later, the minimum distance between the coils according to the direction of their central axis will be impacted by the components in which the coils are integrated, in particular for their protection. In particular, in the example which will be described in more detail, the thickness of the upper wall of the housing of the connection head 26 and the thickness of the guide plate 38 will be interposed between the facing faces of each of the coils forming each of the inductors, thus imposing a certain distance between these two faces in the direction of the central axis of the inductors 18, 20.

In an exemplary embodiment, these two thicknesses, of approximately 2 millimeters each, make it possible to obtain, when the two inductors are pressed towards each other in a relative position of correspondence opposite each other, a distance of less than 5 millimeters (mm) between the facing faces of the coils, in the direction of their central axis. Similarly, the matching of the primary inductor 18 with the secondary inductor 20 will be taken for granted, including in the event of an admissible angular offset between the two axes. The admissible angular offset is for example less than or equal to 10 degrees of angle, preferably less than or equal to 5 degrees of angle.

[0055] In this way, the relative movement of the primary inductor 18 with respect to the secondary inductor 20 along three orthogonal dimensions of space, which is permitted by the variable geometry structure 16 of the charging terminal 14 possibly in combination with a relative movement of the secondary inductor with respect to the terminal 14 corresponding for example to a movement of approach of the motor vehicle towards the charging terminal 14, is above all a possibility of displacement of a reference point of the primary inductor 18, for example the center of the coil of the primary inductor 18, with respect to the secondary inductor, which can be decomposed according to three distinct translations, each according to one of the three orthogonal directions of space . This will therefore make it possible on the one hand to guarantee a reduced radial offset between the respective central axes A18, A20 of the primary inductor 18 and of the secondary inductor 20, and on the other hand to obtain the smallest possible distance between the primary inductor 18 and the secondary inductor 20 along the direction of their respective axes.

Furthermore, the matching of the primary inductor 18 with the secondary inductor 20 can be optimized by minimizing the angular offset between the respective central axes A18, A20 of the primary inductor 18 and of the secondary inductor 20. For this the movement of the primary inductor 18 the space allowed the variable geometry structure 16 of the charging station 14 may include at least one possibility of rotation of the central axis 18 of the primary inductor 18 around an axis, for example around a longitudinal axis or a transverse axis. The movement of the primary inductor 18 in space, permitted by the variable geometry structure 16 of the charging station 14, may include the possibility of rotation of the central axis 18 of the primary inductor 18 around two axes orthogonal, for example around an axis longitudinal and a transverse axis, relative to a base of the charging station.

One of the keys to obtaining such efficiency resides in a relative positioning of the primary inductor 18 and the secondary inductor 20 which corresponds as best as possible with a mapping as defined above.

This face-to-face correspondence is preferably ensured and maintained throughout the duration of the recharging operation during which electrical power is transmitted by the charging terminal 14 to the battery of electric accumulators of motor vehicle 12.

[0058] According to one aspect of the invention, the electrical connection device 10 comprises at least one electromagnet 28 which is able to be controlled in an attraction state to press the primary inductor 18 and the secondary inductor 20 one in the direction of the other opposite. Preferably, the electromagnet 28 generates, in its state of attraction, a magnetic attraction force along a direction A28 which is parallel to the central axis of the coils of the primary inductor 18 and/or of the secondary inductor 20. The electromagnet 28 is controlled in its state of attraction by being electrically powered. Of course, the electromagnet is capable of being driven into a deactivated state in which it generates no magnetic attractive force, although a negligible residual magnetic attractive force may persist. This deactivated state is for example obtained by interrupting the power supply to the electromagnet 28.

[0059]0n could provide that the electromagnet 28, provided to exert a force of attraction such that the primary inductor 18 and the secondary inductor 20 are attracted towards each other in vis-à-vis , or integral with the motor vehicle 12. In this case, provision could be made for the primary inductor 18 to be associated with a ferromagnetic mass, for example carried by a support head 26 of the charging terminal 14 as described below . In such a case, the electromagnet 28 will be electrically powered and controlled by the electrical circuit and the control and command network of the motor vehicle.

[0060]However, in the example illustrated, provision is advantageously made for the electromagnet 28 to be part of the charging terminal 14. In the example illustrated, provision is made for the electromagnet 28 to be secured to a support head 26 of the variable-geometry structure 14 which will be described below. The positioning of the electromagnet 28 on the side of the charging station 14 rather than on the side of the motor vehicle 12 makes it possible to simplify the assembly which must be on board the motor vehicle 12. Moreover, as a charging terminal 14 is intended to be used with different motor vehicles, it is possible, for a given fleet of motor vehicles, to reduce the number of electromagnets and therefore the overall cost of the system. The electromagnet 28 can in this case be electrically powered by the power supply 22 of the charging station 14 and can be controlled / controlled by the electronic control unit 23 of the charging station 14.

Of course, provision could be made for the electrical connection device 10 to comprise several electromagnets capable of being controlled in a state of attraction to press the primary inductor 18 and the secondary inductor 20 towards each other. other opposite. In this case, it is possible to provide several electromagnets integral with the motor vehicle 12, or several electromagnets forming part of the charging terminal 14. Provision may be made for the electrical connection device 10 to comprise at least one electromagnet integral with the motor vehicle 12 and at least one electromagnet forming part of the charging terminal 14. The arrangement of several electromagnets will make it possible in particular to distribute the arrangement of the magnetic attraction forces generated, for example by arranging electromagnets on either side of the primary inductor 18 and the secondary inductor 20 in a radial direction perpendicular to the axis A18 of the primary inductor 18.

The electromagnet 28 is for example sized to generate, on a ferromagnetic mass facing the electromagnet 28, an attraction force, in a direction parallel to the central axis of the inductor to which it is associated, here the primary inductor 18, which is for example between 50 and 300 Newton when the support head 26 is in contact. It is possible to modulate the force of attraction of the electromagnet according to various parameters, by modulating the supply current of the electromagnet. In particular, one can modulate the force of attraction of the electromagnet to apply it progressively, by first applying a weak or moderate magnetic force of attraction when approaching the relative position of setting. correspondence vis-à-vis the two inductors, then by applying a stronger magnetic force of attraction when the relative position of correspondence vis-à-vis has been reached. This makes it possible to avoid a locking in position of the two inductors before they have reached the relative position of matching facing each other.

In the example shown, provision will therefore be made for the motor vehicle 12 to be provided with a ferromagnetic mass 27 placed close to the secondary inductor 20, but at a distance all the same sufficient not to be in the range of the magnetic field created during recharging between the primary inductor 18 and the secondary inductor 20, with a relative positioning with respect to this secondary inductor 20 which is identical to the relative positioning between the electromagnet 28 and the primary inductor 18. This ferromagnetic mass 27 can for example be constituted by a frame element of the motor vehicle 12. Advantageously, this ferromagnetic mass 27 can have a cylindrical shape of revolution, for example a disk, to increase the centering precision between the electromagnet and the ferromagnetic mass 27 when the electromagnet is activated.

[0064] We note that, preferably, the electromagnet 28 is separate from the primary inductor 18 and from the secondary inductor 20.

However, in certain applications, one and/or the other of the primary inductor 18 and/or of the secondary inductor 20 could act as an electromagnet. Indeed, it would suffice to apply to one and/or the other of the primary inductor 18 or of the secondary inductor 20 a direct current in an appropriate direction to generate a magnetic field capable of generating such a force of 'attraction. However, such an arrangement would prevent a force of attraction from being exerted during a recharging operation when an electric power must be transmitted from the primary inductor 18 to the secondary inductor 20, since this power transmission supposes the supply of the primary inductor 18 with a current under alternating voltage. In certain applications, it will be possible to choose to use one and/or the other of the primary inductor 18 and/or of the secondary inductor 20 to act as an electromagnet to guarantee perfect plating at the time of docking, then to maintain this plating during the recharging operation thanks to an electromagnet separate from the primary inductor 18 and from the secondary inductor 20, the primary inductor 18 and the secondary inductor 20 returning to their primary function of transfer of electrical power between the charging station 14 and the motor vehicle 12.

In the example of an electromagnet 28 carried by the support head of the charging station, and separate from the primary inductor 18, the electromagnet 28 is offset with respect to the primary inductor 18 in a radial direction. perpendicular to the axis A18 of the primary inductor 18. The position of the electromagnet 28 on the support head 26 can be represented by the axis A28 along which the resultant of the magnetic attraction force generated by the electromagnet, and which can be called axis A28 of the electromagnet. Generally, the electromagnet 28 comprises a coil whose axis is precisely the axis A28 of the electromagnet 28. We have seen that the axis A28 of the electromagnet 28 is preferably parallel to the axis A18 of the primary inductor 18. There is therefore a distance between the axis A28 of the electromagnet 28 and the axis A18 of the primary inductor 18 in a direction radial to the axis A18 of the primary inductor 18, direction which will be called radial direction between the axes between the electromagnet 28 and the primary inductor 18.

In the example which will be described with reference to the drawings, the invention is presented in the context of a device 10 in which the movement of the primary inductor 18 in space is ensured passively by cooperation with a guide 36 secured to the motor vehicle 12. The movement of the primary inductor is provided passively in that it does not implement any motorized means on the charging terminal 14, that is to say no motor or actuator controlled. In the example, it will indeed be seen that only return means and mechanical guide means are used, the displacement being generated by the relative displacement between the guide 36 secured to the motor vehicle and a support head 26 which is presses guide 36. However, certain aspects of the invention, and in particular the presence of the electromagnet 28, could be implemented within the framework of an electrical connection device implementing a movement of the primary inductor 18 which would be partially or entirely robotized, in the sense that the movement would be controlled by one or more controlled motors or actuators such as a motor or a cylinder, electric, pneumatic or hydraulic.

More particularly, in the illustrated embodiment, the electrical connection device 10 is designed so that the secondary inductor 20, carried by the motor vehicle, is arranged at the level of an underside of the vehicle. car 12, set back inwards in the longitudinal direction of the motor vehicle 12 with respect to a front or rear end of the vehicle. Typically, the central axis A20 of the secondary inductor 20 will be set back inwards in the longitudinal direction of the motor vehicle 12, for example at a distance in the range from 10 cm to 150 cm with respect to at the nearest end among the front and rear ends of the motor vehicle 12. Preferably, the central axis A20 of the secondary inductor 20 will be set back inwards in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle motor vehicle 12, for example at a distance of at least 40 cm from the nearest end among the front and rear ends of the motor vehicle 12 to provide sufficient guidance distance to absorb a significant transverse shift, at the moment of the start of docking, between the primary inductor 18 and the secondary inductor 20. A configuration in a central position in the longitudinal direction of the motor vehicle is also possible. In such an arrangement at the level of an underside of the motor vehicle 12, access to the secondary inductor 20 is “from below”. Therefore, it will be advantageous to arrange the secondary inductor 20 on the motor vehicle 20 such that its central axis A20 is vertical or substantially vertical. It will be considered that the central axis A20 is substantially vertical if it forms an angle with the vertical direction of less than 30 degrees. In the example illustrated, it will be assumed that the motor vehicle has a median longitudinal axis which extends in a horizontal longitudinal direction corresponding to its straight line travel path, and which is therefore located transversely to the middle of the motor vehicle 12 in a horizontal transverse direction perpendicular to the median longitudinal axis. Motor vehicle 12 also has a longitudinal reference axis X′ which is parallel to the median longitudinal axis but which passes through central axis A20 of secondary inductor 20. If secondary inductor 20 is located transversely to the center of the vehicle, the longitudinal axis of reference X' and the median longitudinal axis of the motor vehicle coincide. Also, the assumption will be made that the motor vehicle has a front longitudinal end and a rear longitudinal end (which, for certain motor vehicles, such as transport trolleys, can be arbitrary). The assumption will be made more particularly that the secondary inductor 20 is arranged longitudinally on the rear side of the vehicle and that, in a docking operation of the motor vehicle with the charging terminal 14, the motor vehicle moves in "reverse", the motor vehicle therefore presenting itself with its rear longitudinal end facing the charging terminal 14 and moving so that the rear longitudinal end approaches the charging terminal 14 during the docking operation. Of course, provision could be made for the secondary inductor 20 to be arranged on the front side of the motor vehicle 12, or even in a longitudinally central position with respect to the mobile machine 12, and/or for the docking operation to be operated with the motor vehicle 12 moving in “forward gear”.

The following description is made with reference in particular to a nominal longitudinal direction for the charging terminal 14 which is the longitudinal direction of the motor vehicle when the motor vehicle is in an optimal orientation with respect to the terminal. charging station 14 when the motor vehicle 12 performs a docking operation, and therefore relative to a nominal longitudinal axis X for the charging station 14 which would be contained in the same vertical plane as the reference longitudinal axis X' of the motor vehicle being presented in an orientation and an optimal position with respect to the terminal charging station 14 when the motor vehicle 12 performs a docking operation on the charging station 14. Indeed, it is assumed that the variable geometry structure 16 of the charging station 14 comprises a base 50 which is fixed during a docking operation of the motor vehicle on the charging station 14. Of course, in a case of real docking, the motor vehicle will almost never present itself in the nominal longitudinal direction, and even less with its axis longitudinal reference X' aligned with the nominal longitudinal axis X. The structure with variable geometry 16 of the charging terminal 14 makes it possible to ensure a positioning in relative correspondence position vis-à-vis the primary inductor 18 and of the secondary inductor 20 despite this unfavorable situation, as long as it remains within a predefined range of angular difference between the reference longitudinal axis X' of the motor vehicle 12 and the nominal longitudinal axis X for the terminal of refill 14, and within a predefined range of transverse offset between these two axes.

In the example shown, it can be seen that the variable geometry structure 16 comprises a base 50 and a support head 26 which carries the primary inductor 18 and which is movable in space with the primary inductor 18, in particular with respect to its base 50. More specifically, the support head 26 has, with respect to its base 50, at least one degree of freedom in translation in a horizontal direction transverse to the longitudinal reference axis X′ of the motor vehicle. It preferably has, with respect to its base 50, a degree of freedom in translation in a vertical direction. We will see that it can also present, with respect to a base of its base 50, a degree of freedom in translation along a longitudinal direction parallel to the longitudinal reference axis X′ of the motor vehicle.

The support head 28 may also have, relative to its base 50, at least one degree of freedom in rotation, in particular around a transverse axis and/or a longitudinal axis.

In the example shown, the relative movement of the motor vehicle with respect to the charging terminal 14 corresponds to a degree of freedom of movement between on the one hand the support head 26 and the primary inductor 18, and secondly the secondary inductor 20, this degree of freedom being in translation in the longitudinal direction.

As can be seen more particularly in Figure 3, in the example shown, the support head 26 is in the form of a box which has a substantially flat upper face 25, perpendicular to the central axis A18 of the primary inductor 18 and which, in a plane perpendicular to the central axis A18 of the primary inductor 18, has an arrow-shaped outline, in this case triangular in shape, with a front longitudinal point 29, a rear edge 30 opposite the front longitudinal point 29, and two lateral edges 32 connecting the front longitudinal point 29 to the rear edge 30. The front longitudinal point 29 is that which, during a docking operation of a motor vehicle on the charging station, is turned in the direction of the motor vehicle 12.

In this example, the support head 26 comprises, protruding from each side edge 32 in the plane perpendicular to the central axis A18 of the primary inductor 18, a side guide pad 34. In the example illustrated, each lateral guide pad 34 is made in the form of a roller rotating around an axis parallel to the central axis A18 of the primary inductor 18. In this example, the support head 26 thus has two lateral profiles 35 which, in a plane perpendicular to the central axis A18 of the primary inductor 18, has a V-shaped profile in each convex protuberance of one of the side edges 32 of the triangular housing of the support head. Each side profile 35 thus has a front segment 35a, which extends from the front longitudinal end 29, and a rear segment 35b, which extends to the rear edge 30 of the support head 26. The front segment 35a and the rear segment 35b thus meet substantially at the level of the middle of the corresponding side edge 32 of the housing, at the level of the tip of the V-shaped profile of the corresponding side profile 35. Each side guide pad 34 is arranged at the tip of the V profile of the side profile 35 corresponding. Thus, the support head 26 of the example shown has a convex pentagonal outline which remains in the shape of an arrow pointing towards the front longitudinal point 29. In the example illustrated, the primary inductor 18 is fixed on the support head 26. For example, the primary inductor 18 is arranged substantially at the center of the support head 26 according to a view along the central axis A18 of the primary inductor. For example, the primary inductor 18 is received inside the housing of the support head 26, if possible in the immediate vicinity of the upper face 25 of the housing of the support head 26.

In the case where the electromagnet is part of the charging terminal 24, as in the illustrated embodiment, the electromagnet 28 can advantageously be contained inside the housing of the support head 26, preferably in the immediate vicinity of the upper face 25 thereof. In the example, the electromagnet is arranged between the primary inductor 18 and the front longitudinal tip 29 of the support head 26.

In the example which is illustrated, the support head 26 is configured to cooperate mechanically with a guide 36 which is integral with the motor vehicle 12 so that, during a docking operation comprising a relative displacement approach between the motor vehicle 12 and the charging station 14, cooperation by mechanical contact between the support head 26 and the guide 36 causes a movement of the support head 26 in space to bring the support head 26 into a position relative to guide 36.

In the example illustrated, as can be seen more particularly in Figure 2, the guide 36 is arranged in the form of a guide plate 38 which is affixed under the motor vehicle 12, therefore covering by below a lower face thereof which is turned vis-à-vis the ground. In the example illustrated, the secondary inductor 20 carried by the motor vehicle is arranged just above the guide plate 38, which has the smallest possible thickness to reduce the air gap between the secondary inductor 20 and the primary inductor 18 when they are in relative position of correspondence vis-à-vis. The guide plate 38 may have a reduced thickness compared to the secondary inductor 20. In the example illustrated, the secondary inductor 20 carried by the motor vehicle is arranged on the rear side of the motor vehicle according to the longitudinal direction of the motor vehicle 12, so that the guide plate 38 preferably extends from a rear end of the underside of the vehicle. For example, if the motor vehicle is a private vehicle whose rear longitudinal end comprises a bumper or a lower skirt, the guide plate 38 has a rear edge 40 which comes in the extension of the lower edge of the bumper or lower valance of the vehicle. The guide plate 38 extends longitudinally towards the center of the vehicle, preferably at least as far as the zone in which the secondary inductor 20 is arranged. extends along a transverse width which is at least equal to the offset tolerance authorized at the time of the docking operation between the reference longitudinal axis X' of the motor vehicle 12 and the nominal longitudinal axis X of the strip 14. It will be understood later that the variable geometry structure 16 of the charging terminal 14 is configured to press, from the bottom upwards, the upper face 25 of the support head 26 against the lower face of the plate guide 38. The guide plate 38 therefore has a substantially horizontal general orientation, with however preferably a general inclination, for example comprised in the range going from 3 to 20 degrees of angle, the rear end of the guide plate , corresponding here to its rear edge 40, being vertically higher than its front end. The guide plate may be substantially flat, but may be slightly curved, its underside facing the ground S possibly having a convex or concave curvature.

The guide 36 comprises two guide flanges 42 on either side of a longitudinal reference axis X′ of the guide 36 which preferably coincides with the longitudinal reference axis of the motor vehicle 12, therefore passing through the central axis A20 of the secondary inductor. The guide flanges 42 are raised relative to the guide plate 38, downwards, so that the support head 26, when it is pressed upwards against the guide plate 38, is brought to s 'press transversely on one or the other of the guide flanges 42 if it is not centered transversely with respect to the longitudinal reference axis X' of the guide 36. The two guide flanges 42 are oriented in an oblique direction with respect to the longitudinal reference axis X' of the guide 36 and they converge when the guide 36 is traversed from its rear edge 40 towards its front end. At the front end of the guide 36, the front ends of the guide flanges 42 are brought closer to each other so that the guide head can come transversely into contact with the two guide flanges 42 simultaneously, so as to define a precise transverse position of the support head 26 when it is thus simultaneously in contact with the two guide flanges 42.

The guide flanges 42 of the guide 36 therefore define a transverse guide funnel which is flared at the rear and narrowed at the front, the rear zone of the guide funnel forming an entry zone for the head. support 26, and the front zone of the guide funnel forming a zone in which the support head 26 is centered with respect to the longitudinal reference axis X' of the guide 36.

[0082] 0n therefore understands that, during a docking operation, the motor vehicle 12 moving backwards in the direction of the bollard, the support head 26 comes to bear upwards against the underside of the base plate. guide 38 and, if it is not centered transversely with respect to the longitudinal reference axis X' of the guide 36, comes to rest transversely on one or the other of the guide flanges 42, the guide flange corresponding causing a transverse displacement of the support head 26 towards the longitudinal reference axis X′ of the guide 36. This guiding phase of the docking operation is more particularly illustrated by FIGS. 6 and 7.

In the example illustrated in the figures, the guide funnel formed by the guide flanges 42 is closed at its front end, in the sense that the guide flanges 42 form a forward longitudinal stop for the head. support during the docking operation. Thus, the guide 36 forms a longitudinal stop for the support head 26 during the docking operation. This longitudinal stop is preferably included in the front zone of the guide funnel in which the support head 26 is centered with respect to the median longitudinal axis of the guide 36 by the guide edges 42. This final phase of the operation docking is more particularly illustrated by Figures 8 and 9. Under these conditions, the longitudinal stop defined by the guide 36 for the support head 26 preferably corresponds with the relative position of correspondence vis-à-vis the inductor primary 18 and the secondary inductor 20. Thus, as in the example illustrated, the secondary inductor 20 is arranged on the vehicle so as to correspond with the front end of the guide funnel formed by the guide flanges 42.

Furthermore, in the example shown, the angle formed between the front segments 35a of the two side profiles 35 which each carry one of the side guide pads 34, is equal to the angle formed by the two guide flanges 42, at least in the front zone of the guide 36 which determines the relative position of correspondence vis-à-vis the primary inductor 18 and the secondary inductor 20. In general, the external profile of the head which is defined by the two side profiles 35 will advantageously be chosen to correspond to the profile formed by the two guide flanges 42 of the guide 36. Therefore, in the case, such as that illustrated, where the support head 26 has a number of sufficient degrees of freedom, in particular in rotation around a vertical axis, the cooperation of the support head 26 with the guide 36 determines a predefined angular position for the support head 26 around a vertical axis.

[0085] However, in an alternative embodiment, provision could be made for the guide funnel formed by the guide flanges 42 not to be closed at its front end and, on the contrary, to open out, for example, into a guide passage of the guide 36 which would extend the guide funnel longitudinally forward. In this case, the guide 36 would not form a front longitudinal stop for the support head 26 during the docking operation. In such a case, provision may be made for the secondary inductor 20 to be arranged on the motor vehicle at the level of a longitudinal position in this guide passage of the guide 36. In this case, the electromagnet 28 may be used to lock , in the longitudinal direction, the relative position of correspondence vis-à-vis the primary inductor 18 with the secondary inductor 20. In the example shown, the support head 26 comprises at least three distinct mechanical contact zones 33, 34 provided to cooperate mechanically with the guide 36. This makes it possible to perfectly define the relative position in space of the support head. 26, and therefore of the primary inductor 18, with respect to the guide 36, and therefore with respect to the secondary inductor 20. In the example, the support head 26 comprises three spherical caps 33, which are arranged at the three angles of the triangle formed by the housing of the support head 26, and which each form such a mechanical contact zone. The spherical caps 33 therefore protrude upwards relative to the upper face 25 of the housing of the support head 26. Each spherical cap 33 is advantageously made of or covered with a material with a low coefficient of friction, for example a material based on nylon and/or polytretrafluoro-ethylene (PTFE). However, one or more of these mechanical contact zones could advantageously be made in the form of a wheel or a rotating ball. In the example, the three spherical caps 33 mainly ensure the positioning of the support head in the vertical direction by being pressed upwards against the lower face of the guide plate 38 of the guide 36 which is turned towards the ground. We have also seen that the support head 26 also comprises lateral guide pads 34 which are more particularly configured to cooperate with the guide flanges 42 of the guide 36.

In the example illustrated, as can be seen for example in Figures 2,

4 and 9, the guide plate 38 comprises centering recesses 44 which are arranged in the underside of the guide plate 38, and which are provided to accommodate the mechanical contact zones 33 of the support head 26 when the latter arrives in its position corresponding to the relative position of correspondence vis-à-vis the primary inductor 18 and the secondary inductor 20. These centering recesses 44 come in addition to the centering carried out by the guide edges 42. They can set a more precise position. Being made in the form of recesses, therefore recessed with respect to the lower face of the guide plate 38, such recesses allow the upper face 25 of the housing of the support head 26 to come to bear perfectly against the lower face of the guide plate 38. Thus, the relative distance between the primary inductor 18 and the secondary inductor 20, according to the direction of their respective central axis, can be minimized. The shapes of the spherical caps 33 and of the recesses 44 of the guide plate 38 are designed for easy engagement during a docking operation, and for easy release when undocking.

Preferably, the at least three mechanical contact zones are arranged on the support head 26 such that the primary inductor 18, or at least its central axis A18, is arranged inside a perimeter defined by the at least three contact areas. This arrangement makes it possible to better ensure correct orientation of the primary inductor 18.

[0089]As seen above about the primary inductor 18, in the case where the electromagnet 28 is carried by the support head 26, the electromagnet 28 can advantageously be arranged so that it is arranged at the inside a perimeter defined by the at least three mechanical contact zones 33. This will be particularly advantageous in the case where the mechanical contact zones are intended to be received in recesses as described above. Thus, the magnetic attraction force generated by the electromagnet 28 would be exerted inside this perimeter, thus avoiding any cantilever situation, which will favor the quality of the centering, if this centering is ensured at the less in part by the cooperation between the mechanical contact zones 33 and the recesses 44. In all cases, the electromagnet 28 will preferably be arranged close to the primary inductor 18 to promote the quality of the plating of the support head 26 against the guide plate 38 at this level, thus promoting a minimum air gap between the two primary 18 and secondary 20 inductors.

From the foregoing, it will be understood that the electromagnet 28 is advantageously controlled in a state of attraction, in which it generates a magnetic attraction force which attracts the primary inductor 18 and the secondary inductor 1 towards each other, at least when the primary inductor 18 and the secondary inductor 20 are in their relative position of correspondence vis-à-vis. [0091] Preferably, the electromagnet 28 is controlled in a state of attraction, in which it generates a magnetic attraction force which attracts the primary inductor 18 and the secondary inductor 20 towards each other, only when the primary inductor 18 and the secondary inductor 20 are in their relative position of correspondence vis-à-vis, or when the primary inductor 18 and the secondary inductor 20 are separated from each other, with respect to their relative position of correspondence vis-à-vis, by a distance less than a predefined activation distance. The predefined activation distance is for example defined as being a predefined radial offset between the central axis A18 of the primary inductor 18 and the central axis A20 of the secondary inductor 20, the radial direction here being considered as perpendicular to the central axis A18 of the primary inductor 18 and to the central axis A20 of the secondary inductor 20. The predefined activation distance is in this case for example included in the range going from 2 centimeters to 150 centimeters. In the other situations of relative positioning between the primary inductor 18 and the secondary inductor 20, when the primary inductor 18 and the secondary inductor 20 are separated from each other, with respect to their relative position of correspondence facing each other, by a distance greater than the predefined activation distance, the electromagnet 28 is preferably controlled in its deactivated state. This makes it possible to prevent particles or other ferromagnetic elements from being untimely attracted by the electromagnet as long as the relative position of correspondence vis-à-vis is not reached, or at least, in the example illustrated, as long as that the support head has not come to rest on the guide plate 38. This also makes it possible to avoid untimely blocking of the relative movement of the primary inductor 18 and the secondary inductor 20 before the relative position of correspondence in vis-à-vis has been reached, for example due to the presence of other ferromagnetic masses.

In practice, provision will advantageously be made for the device to comprise at least one position sensor which detects a relative position between the primary inductor 18 and the secondary inductor 20, and for the electromagnet 28 to be controlled in its state of attraction based on position information relative between the primary inductor 18 and the secondary inductor 20, delivered by the position sensor.

In some embodiments, provision may be made for at least one of the primary inductor 18 and the secondary inductor 20 to form a relative position sensor between the primary inductor 18 and the secondary inductor 20. Indeed, each of the primary inductor 18 and of the secondary inductor 20 comprising a coil, it is possible to use such a coil as an inductive sensor capable of detecting variations in induction, and therefore of detecting the presence by example of ferromagnetic markers arranged in predefined places on the part opposite to that which carries the inductor used as a sensor.

In addition, or alternatively, it is possible, by impedance analysis of the facing inductors, to know the relative positioning of the primary 18 and secondary 20 inductors. Indeed, by analyzing the power signals from the generator high frequency which supplies the primary inductor 18, in particular by analyzing the peak current actually supplied to the primary inductor 18, the phase of this supply current actually supplied to the primary inductor 18, and its frequency, it is possible to determine an image of the impedance of the primary inductor 18 under load, and therefore the analysis of the operating points of the power inverter makes it possible to know the offset of the primary and secondary inductors with respect to each other. Thus, the combination of the primary inductor and the secondary inductor can form a relative position sensor between the primary inductor 18 and the secondary inductor 20

However, preferably, it will be provided that, in addition to or as an alternative to the use of the primary inductor 18 and/or of the secondary inductor 20 as a relative position sensor between the primary inductor 18 and the secondary inductor 20, the device comprises at least one relative position sensor between the primary inductor 18 and the secondary inductor 20 which is distinct from the primary inductor 18 and from the secondary inductor 20. Such a position sensor may be of any appropriate technology, with contact or without contact. Such a sensor could be carried by the charging terminal 14, for example carried by the support head 26, or by the motor vehicle 12, for example by being placed on the guide 36. Such a sensor may be in two parts, one of the parts being carried by the charging terminal, for example by the support head 26 , the other part being carried by the motor vehicle 12, for example by the guide 36.

In the example, the support head 26 comprises two position sensors 45 each made in the form of a contact sensor. As can be seen for example in Figure 3, the position sensors 45 are each arranged on a side profile 35 of the support head, more precisely on the front segment 35a of the side profile 35 corresponding.

In the example, the angle formed between the front segments 35a of the two side profiles 35 is equal to the angle formed by the two guide flanges 42, at least in the front zone of the guide 36 which determines the relative position of correspondence vis-à-vis the primary inductor 18 and the secondary inductor 20. In this way, when this relative position of correspondence is reached, the position sensors 45 both come into contact with the corresponding guide rim 42, which testifies to the arrival in this relative position of correspondence.

[0098]0n understands that it will be advantageous to provide that the electromagnet 28 is kept controlled in a state of attraction during a recharging step during which an electric current for recharging the storage battery flows between the primary inductor and the secondary inductor. In other words, the duration of application of the magnetic attraction force generated by the electromagnet 28 will correspond at least to the duration during which the electric power of recharge is transmitted through the electric connection by magnetic induction ensured by the primary inductor 18 and the secondary inductor 20.

We will now describe in greater detail an embodiment of the charging station 14, and in particular of its structure with variable geometry 16 which carries the primary inductor 18, this embodiment being particularly advantageous, in particular for a device for electrical connection by magnetic induction in which the secondary inductor 20 is carried by the machine automobile at the level of an underside thereof, facing the ground, and at a certain distance from one of the longitudinal ends of the motor vehicle. It is noted that this embodiment of the variable geometry structure 16 could be implemented with an electrical connection device by magnetic induction having the electromagnet 28 as described above. However, such a structure with variable geometry 16 could also be implemented with an electrical connection device by magnetic induction having no electromagnet to press the primary inductor and the secondary inductor towards one another. other opposite.

Thus, in the embodiment described in the figures, the variable-geometry structure 16 comprises at least one arm 46 which, via a proximal end 48, pivots relative to the base 50 of the variable-geometry structure 16 of the charging terminal 14, around a lower horizontal pivot axis A0 which is therefore located at the level of the proximal end 48 of the arm 46. The base 50 is intended to rest on the ground, preferably by being fixed to the ground, possibly in a removable manner.

[0101] The support head 26, which carries the primary inductor 18, is carried by a distal end 52 of the arm 46, and pivots with respect to the arm 46 around an upper horizontal pivot axis Al which is arranged at the distal end 52 of arm 46.

[0102] The pivoting capacity of the arm 46 around the lower horizontal pivot axis A0 gives the support head 26, and therefore the primary inductor 18, a first degree of freedom with respect to the base 50, therefore relative to the ground, in translation in the vertical direction.

[0103] The pivoting capacity of the arm 46 around the upper horizontal pivot axis Al gives the support head 26, and therefore the primary inductor 18, another degree of freedom with respect to the base 50, therefore relative to the ground, in rotation in a horizontal direction, in particular in the transverse direction if the preferential orientation of the arm as will be discussed below is taken into account. [0104] According to a particularly advantageous aspect, the arm 46 of the variable geometry structure 16 is pivotable with respect to the base 50 around a vertical axis of azimuth of the arm A2. This ability to pivot the arm 46 around the vertical azimuth axis of the arm A2 provides the support head 26, and therefore the primary inductor 18, with another degree of freedom relative to the base 50, therefore by relative to the ground, in translation in a horizontal direction, in particular in the transverse direction if the preferential orientation of the arm as will be discussed below is taken into account.

[0105] With the above arrangement, it is advantageously obtained that the support head 26 has a large capacity for movement, in particular in the transverse direction, perpendicular to the nominal longitudinal direction, by rotation around the vertical arm azimuth axis A2. Moreover, the above arrangement also makes it easy to achieve a large capacity for movement of the support head in the vertical direction, by pivoting the arm 46 about the lower horizontal pivot axis A0.

[0106] Preferably, the vertical arm azimuth axis A2 is positioned so as to be located on the nominal longitudinal axis X. to the nominal longitudinal axis X, the azimuthal orientation of the arm being determined by the perpendicular projection on a horizontal plane of a direction passing through the proximal end 48 and the distal end 52 of the arm 46. As can be seen more particularly in the detail of Figure 1 and in Figure 6, the return means may comprise one or more springs 57.

[0107] Preferably, the arm 46 is capable of pivoting around the vertical axis of arm azimuth A2 over an angular range of arm azimuth which extends on either side of the nominal longitudinal axis X. The arm azimuth angular range, which corresponds to the angular range of the azimuthal orientation of the arm 46, is for example limited by stops 59, an embodiment of which can be seen in the detail of FIG. 1. The arm azimuth angular range is for example distributed equally on each side of the nominal longitudinal axis X. [0108]Similarly, it is possible to limit the angular movement of the arm 46 around the lower horizontal pivot axis A0, in particular by providing an upper stop relative to the base. The device may comprise return means, for example one or more springs, for example the tension springs 61 visible in FIG. 1, which return the arm to the upper stop position with respect to the base. This high stop will advantageously be determined so that the support head 26 is at a favorable height relative to the guide 36 when they are brought into contact. Typically, as particularly illustrated in Figure 5, the guide 36 may include an inclined entry plane 37 arranged at the height of the support head 26 when the arm is in the upper stop position with respect to the base 50, the plane inclined being configured to guide the support head 26 so that it passes from under the guide plate 38 during the first approach phase of the docking operation.

To facilitate docking when the support head 26 comes into contact with the guide 36, provision can be made for the support head 26 to have a favorable inclination around the upper horizontal pivot axis Al. that, one can provide a standby stop position for the support head 26, as shown for example in Figure 5, and that this standby stop position is determined by a mechanical stop. In the example illustrated, the waiting abutment position is such that the front longitudinal end 29 of the support head is vertically at a level lower than that of its rear edge, the support head thus being inclined forwards . The angle of inclination of the support head in the standby abutment position can for example be comprised in the range going from 5 degrees of angle to 30 degrees of angle with respect to the horizontal. Advantageously, provision can be made for the support head to have a center of gravity which is offset with respect to the upper horizontal pivot axis Al around which it pivots with respect to the arm, so that, in the absence of external force applied to the support head 26, the support head 26 is returned to its standby abutment position around the upper horizontal pivot axis Al solely by the effect of gravity. Such a provision forms a return means for the support head 26 towards its waiting abutment position which does not require a spring.

In the example shown, the arm 46 extends generally forward relative to the vertical azimuth axis of the arm A2. In this sense, the angular azimuth range of the arm is therefore arranged on one side of the vertical azimuth axis of the arm A2 which is turned forwards, therefore towards the motor vehicle 12. In this case, the return means 57 which bring back the arm according to the preferential azimuthal orientation parallel to the nominal longitudinal axis X will be configured so that the arm 46 is brought back into a longitudinal azimuthal orientation while being directed forwards with respect to the vertical axis d azimuth of arm A2. However, an opposite configuration is also possible, with an arm 46 extending generally rearward with respect to the vertical azimuth axis of the arm A2.

[0111] The length of the arm 46 of the variable geometry structure 16, measured as being the distance which separates the horizontal axis of lower pivoting A0 from the horizontal axis of upper pivoting Al, is chosen to allow a significant movement of the support head 26, in particular in the transverse direction. Typically, the length of the arm 46 is greater than or equal to 50 cm, preferably greater than or equal to 70 cm. It is in fact understood that the longer the arm 46 has, the more this makes it possible to increase, for a given angular deflection, the transverse deflection of the support head 26 when the arm 46 pivots around the vertical azimuth axis of arm A2 over its entire angular travel around this vertical axis of arm A2 azimuth. Similarly, the greater the length of the arm 46, the more it makes it possible to increase the vertical movement of the support head 26 when the arm 46 pivots around the lower horizontal pivot axis A0.

The vertical position of the lower horizontal pivot axis A0 of the arm 46, relative to a horizontal ground S on which the base 50 of the variable geometry structure 16 rests, is preferably chosen so as to be lower to the ground clearance of the motor vehicle or of the range of motor vehicles 12 for which the charging station 14 is designed. This ensures that the entire arm 16 remains below the ground clearance level of the machine. automobile during the docking operation and during the recharging operation. This makes it possible to design a base 50 of sufficiently low height not to interfere with the underside of the vehicle if the vehicle ever rolls over the variable geometry structure 16 and its base 50.

To determine the length of the arm 46, a nominal height range of the support head in the recharging configuration will also advantageously be taken into account when it is pressed against the motor vehicle with the primary inductor 18 in position relative correspondence vis-à-vis the secondary inductor 20. This nominal height range, measured relative to a horizontal ground S on which the base 50 of the variable geometry structure rests, therefore depends on the machine motor vehicle 12 and the location of the secondary inductor 20 on this motor vehicle 12. This nominal height range will be, depending on the motor vehicle, for example included in the range from 20 to 50 centimeters above the ground . Typically, for a particular motor vehicle, this range of nominal height may be comprised in the range extending from 20 to 35 cm with respect to the ground.

[0114] Depending on the vertical position of the lower horizontal pivot axis A0, and the nominal height range of the support head 26 in the recharging configuration, the length of the arm 46 is preferably chosen so that the angle formed by the arm 46 with respect to the ground, measured as being the angle between the horizontal and a straight line which intersects orthogonally both the lower horizontal pivot axis A0 and the upper horizontal pivot axis Al, or less than 60 degrees of angle in the recharging configuration, preferably less than 45 degrees of angle in the recharging configuration, more preferably less than or equal to 30 degrees of angle in the recharging configuration. Indeed, the closer this angle is to zero, the more a given angular movement of the arm 46 around the vertical axis of azimuth A2 will result in a significant transverse movement of the support head, and therefore of the primary inductor 18. In practice, the length of the arm will be determined so that the angular movement of the arm 46 around the vertical axis of azimuth A2 is limited in an angular range of azimuth of the arm while allowing a movement predefined transverse movement of the support head 26. Advantageously, the predefined transverse displacement of the support head 26 will be, for a pivoting of the arm 46 over its entire angular travel around the vertical arm azimuth axis A2, greater than 50 centimeters, preferably greater than 80 centimeters, more preferably greater than or equal to 100 centimeters in the transverse direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the motor vehicle. Advantageously, the angular displacement of the arm 46 around the vertical axis of azimuth A2 to obtain such a transverse displacement will be less than 90 degrees of angle, preferably less than or equal to 60 degrees of angle. By limiting the angular movement, extreme azimuth angles for the arm will be avoided, which could induce excessive contact forces between the guide edges 42 of the guide 36 and the support head 26 in the guide phase of the operation. docking.

[0115] Thus, it is advantageous to provide that the arm 46 of the variable geometry structure 16 is mounted on the base 50 by a double pivot comprising a pivot along the lower horizontal pivot axis A0 and a pivot along the vertical azimuth axis of arm Al.

In an advantageous embodiment, the double pivot is formed by a turret 56 which is mounted on the base by the pivot along the vertical azimuth axis A2 of the arm of the double pivot, so that the turret 56 can therefore pivot around this vertical axis of azimuth A2 relative to the base 50. The arm 46 is, at its proximal end 48, mounted on the turret 56 by the pivot along the lower horizontal pivot axis A0 of the double pivot so that the arm can pivot around this lower horizontal pivot axis A0 with respect to the turret 56, and therefore with respect to the base 50.

To compensate for variations in the orientation of the arm 46 around the vertical azimuth axis of the arm A2, provision can advantageously be made for the support head 26 to pivot around a head azimuth axis A3 with respect to the distal end of the arm. This will be particularly advantageous in cases where the support head is not rotationally symmetrical, as in the example illustrated, and in particular in the case where the support head 26 carries the electromagnet 28, the latter being distinct from the primary inductor 18. The head azimuth axis A3 is of general orientation substantially parallel to that of the vertical arm azimuth axis A2, therefore of substantially vertical general orientation, while taking into account the that the arm 46 is capable of pivoting around the lower horizontal pivot axis AO and that the support head 26 is capable of pivoting around the upper horizontal pivot axis Al, so that the azimuth axis of head A3 of the support head 26 can have an absolute orientation which is variable with respect to the vertical. The possibility of pivoting of the support head 26 around a head azimuth axis A3 relative to the distal end of the arm 46, itself pivoting around a vertical azimuth axis of the arm A2, will be particularly advantageous for the case, such as that illustrated, where the electromagnet 28 is offset from the primary inductor 18 on the support head 28. Indeed, this possibility allows the support head to be oriented, in the charging configuration, to such that one obtains, for the same position of the support head 26 relative to the guide 26, both the primary inductor 18 facing the secondary inductor 20, and the electromagnet 28 in ferromagnetic mass 27. In the example shown, the angle formed between the front segments 35a of the two side profiles 35, which each carry one of the side guide pads 34, is equal to the angle formed by the two flanges guide 42, at least in the front zone of the guide 36 which determines the relative position of cor responsiveness vis-à-vis the primary inductor 18 and the secondary inductor 20. Therefore, in combination with the possibility for the support head 26 to pivot around the head azimuth axis A3, the support head 26 is also oriented in a predefined position around the head azimuth axis A3 when, having reached the longitudinal abutment position, the two lateral guide pads 34 are simultaneously each in contact with the guide rim 42.

The head azimuth axis A3 can advantageously be coincident with the axis A18 of the primary inductor 18.

[0119] Preferably, the support head 26 is biased around the vertical head azimuth axis A3 towards a rest position with respect to the distal end 52 of the arm 46. This bias can be implemented at the using springs. This characteristic makes it possible to maintain a known favorable orientation of the support head 26 in the case where, as in the example illustrated, the head is not a rotationally symmetrical object. Similarly, it is possible to provide a limitation of the angular displacement of the support head 26 around the vertical axis of head azimuth A3 relative to the arm 46. This can be achieved by mechanical stops between the support head 26 and the arm 46 or a part linked to the arm 46.

Limiting the angular movement can also contribute to maintaining a known favorable orientation of the support head 26 if it is not a rotationally symmetrical object. The limitation of the angular displacement around the vertical axis of head azimuth A3 with respect to the arm 46 also makes it possible to limit the displacements of the electrical wiring at the level of the connection between the arm and the support head 26, therefore to limit the risk of their damage.

[0120] Advantageously, it is possible to provide that the support head 26 is also mobile in space in rotation around a longitudinal axis, in order to be able to possibly adapt to a lateral inclination of the guide 36, and therefore possibly of the secondary inductor 20. This ability to rotate gives the support head 26, and therefore the primary inductor 18, another degree of freedom relative to the base 50, therefore relative to the ground, in rotation according to a longitudinal horizontal direction. Generally, the need for adaptation in rotation around a longitudinal axis will be low, for example at an angle of less than 10°. In total, it is thus possible to provide that the support head 26 is linked to the distal end 52 of the arm 46 by a link ensuring 3 degrees of freedom in rotation around three perpendicular axes, thus ensuring a ball-and-socket type link (i.e. spherical pivot ). This will allow the support head 26 to press against the guide 26 as perfectly as possible so as to minimize the air gap between the primary inductor 18 and the secondary inductor 20.

We have seen above that, in the example illustrated, the guide 36 forms a longitudinal stop for the support head 26 during the docking operation. This is favorable because it makes it possible to easily determine, mechanically, a relative predefined position between the support head and the guide 36, therefore between the primary inductor 18 and the secondary inductor 20. [0122]However, in this case, it is necessary to provide for the case where, during docking, the relative approach movement between the motor vehicle 12 and the search terminal 14 continues after the support head 26 has reaches this stop position. Indeed, it is necessary in this case to avoid damaging the system.

For this, in the illustrated embodiment, the base 50 comprises a slide 58, of longitudinal extension with respect to a base 60 of the base 50 of the variable geometry structure 16. The base 50 comprises furthermore a carriage 62 which slides on the slide 58 in the longitudinal direction of extension of the slide. Finally, the variable geometry structure is configured such that the arm 46 pivots, via its proximal end 48, on the carriage 62 around the lower horizontal pivot axis A0 and around the vertical azimuth axis of the arm A2. Thus, in the example illustrated, the turret 56 is mounted on the carriage 62 and can pivot on this carriage 62 around the vertical azimuth axis of the arm A2. In other words, the arm 46 is mounted on the base 50 via the carriage 62 which can slide relative to the base 60 of the base 50 between a front longitudinal position, illustrated for example in Figures 1 and 5, and a rear longitudinal position, illustrated for example in Figure 10.

[0124] Preferably, the device 10 comprises means for returning the carriage 62 to a waiting position with respect to the slide, here its front longitudinal position. For this, it is possible to provide one or more springs, either in the form of one or more helical tension or compression springs, or in the form of a wound ribbon spring.

Thus, in a standby configuration, the carriage 62 is in its front longitudinal position relative to the base 60 and the arm 46 extends forward relative to the carriage 62. When the support head 26 arrives in longitudinal abutment at the bottom of the guide funnel of the guide 36, the assembly of the support head and of the arm 46 can then move back longitudinally with respect to the base 60 of the base 50 in order to absorb a possible continuation of the movement approach of the motor vehicle 12 in the direction of the terminal 14, which is for example illustrated in Figures 8 and 9.

[0126] To increase the stroke available for the carriage 62 relative to the base 60, provision may be made for the slide 58 to comprise a fixed rail, for example integral with the base 60, and at least one intermediate rail 64 which, as can see in Figure 11, slides on the fixed rail in the longitudinal direction of extension of the slide 58, and provide that the carriage 62 slides on the intermediate rail 64 of the slide 58 in the longitudinal direction of extension of the slide 58.

[0127] Thus it is possible to provide that the intermediate rail 64 slides on the fixed rail between a nominal position and a release position, according to a stroke which is added to the stroke available for the carriage on the intermediate rail 64. Of course , an additional rail could be provided between the fixed rail and the intermediate rail 64 on which the carriage slides 62.

The device may for example comprise a retractable stop which holds the intermediate rail 64 in the nominal position up to a first force threshold exerted in the longitudinal direction towards the rear, and which releases the intermediate rail 64 above beyond this first force threshold to enable it to slide on the fixed rail towards the release position. In this case, when the arm 46 the variable geometry structure 16 is caused to move back relative to the base 60, this is done first by sliding the carriage 62 on the intermediate rail 64 which, initially, remains fixed relative at base 60.

If the relative movement of the arm continues, the retractable stop releases the intermediate rail 64, allowing the intermediate rail 64 to move back towards its release position. In this case, a sensor can be provided, for example of the contactor type, to detect the retreat of the intermediate rail 64 out of its nominal position towards its disengaged position, and it can be provided to send the user a signal indicating this situation. . Note that it is possible to provide means for returning the intermediate rail 64 to its nominal position, but that this is not compulsory. [0129] Beyond and independently of the particular shape of the variable geometry structure which is described above, it is deduced from the preceding description that one aspect of the invention relates to a method of electrical charging by magnetic induction of a battery of electric accumulators of a motor vehicle comprising the following steps: a- a docking operation comprising a relative movement of approach between the motor vehicle 12 and a charging station 14 having a structure with variable geometry 16 having a support head 26 which carries a primary inductor 18 and which is movable in space with the primary inductor; b- during the docking operation, cooperation by mechanical contact between the support head 26 and a guide 36 secured to the motor vehicle 12, the mechanical cooperation causing a movement of the support head 26 in space to bring the support head 26 in a predefined relative position with respect to the guide 36; c- the control of an electromagnet 28 in a state of attraction at least when the primary inductor 18 is in a relative position of correspondence vis-à-vis a secondary inductor 20 which is carried by the motor vehicle 12; d- maintaining the electromagnet in a state of attraction during a recharging step during which an electric current for recharging the storage battery flows between the primary inductor 18 and the secondary inductor 20.

This maintenance of the electromagnet in its state of attraction makes it possible to guarantee optimal magnetic coupling between the primary inductor 18 and the secondary inductor 20, even in the event of parasitic movements between the motor vehicle 12 and the terminal. recharge 14 during the recharge step. Such parasitic movements can for example arise due to loading or unloading of the motor vehicle, in particular when the latter is fitted with suspensions.

Such a method advantageously comprises the step of detecting a relative position between the primary inductor 18 and the secondary inductor 28, for example by means of one or more position sensors 45. In this case, the electromagnet 28 can be controlled in a state of attraction according to relative position information between the primary inductor 18 and the secondary inductor 20.

According to a first variant, the method comprises the subsequent step of deactivating the electromagnet 28 after stopping the flow of electric current for recharging the storage battery between the primary inductor 18 and the secondary inductor 20 This subsequent step of deactivating the electromagnet can be implemented before any movement of the motor vehicle 12 . In this case, the charging terminal 14 will advantageously be provided with return means, for example springs or actuators, to return the various components of the connection device, in particular the structure with variable geometry, to a standby configuration ready for the reception of a following motor vehicle.

[0133]According to a second variant, the method comprises the step of keeping the electromagnet activated after stopping the flow of electric current for recharging the storage battery between the primary inductor and the secondary inductor, until at a time following a movement of the motor vehicle relative to the charging station. In this case, one can take advantage of maintaining the attraction between the support head 26 and the motor vehicle 12, during the movement of the motor vehicle when it separates from the charging station, to bring the support head 26, or even the whole of the variable geometry structure 16 in a standby configuration ready for the reception of a following motor vehicle. This makes it possible either to reduce the number of return means mentioned above, or to reduce their strength, which reduces their cost and size, and which can limit the friction forces during the operation of docking.

Furthermore, it has already been mentioned above that, beyond and independently of the presence or not of an electromagnet as described above, one deduces from the above a particularly advantageous general shape for a device electric connection by magnetic induction for the electric recharging of an electric accumulator battery of a motor vehicle Indeed, the above teaching describes such a device comprising:

- A charging station 14 having a structure with variable geometry 16 which carries a primary inductor 18 to allow movement of the primary inductor 18 in space;

- a secondary inductor 20 which is carried by the motor vehicle 12.

In this general form for an electrical connection device by magnetic induction, the variable geometry structure comprises:

- at least one arm 46 which, via a proximal end 48, pivots with respect to a base 50 around a lower horizontal pivot axis A0;

- a support head 26 which carries the primary inductor 18, which is carried by a distal end 52 of the arm 46.

This general form for a device 10 for electrical connection by magnetic induction is characterized in that the arm 46 is pivotable with respect to the base 50 around a vertical axis of azimuth of the arm A2.

In certain embodiments of the general shape of such a device, the arm 46 is mounted on the base by a double pivot comprising a pivot along the horizontal axis of lower pivoting A0 and a pivot along the axis vertical azimuth A2 of the arm 46. In certain variants of such embodiments, the double pivot is formed by a turret 56 which is mounted on the base 50 by the pivot along the vertical azimuth axis of the arm A2, the arm 46 being, at its proximal end 48, mounted on the turret 56 by the pivot along the lower horizontal pivot axis A0.

In certain embodiments of the general shape or of the embodiments mentioned in the previous paragraph of such a device, the base 50 comprises a slide 58 extending longitudinally with respect to a base 50 of the structure with geometric variable 16; the base 50 comprises a carriage 62 which slides on the slide 58 in the longitudinal direction of extension of the slide 58; and the arm 46 pivots, by its proximal end 48, on the carriage 62 around the horizontal axis of lower pivoting A0 and around the vertical axis of azimuth of the arm A2, in certain cases by means of a double pivot, or even a turret 56, as mentioned in the previous paragraph. It is advantageously possible to provide means for returning the carriage 62 to a waiting position with respect to the slide 58. In certain variants of such embodiments, the slide 58 comprises a fixed rail and at least one intermediate rail 64 which slides on the fixed rail in the longitudinal direction of extension of the slide 58, and the carriage slides on the intermediate rail 64 of the slide 58 in the longitudinal direction of extension of the slide. In certain sub-variants of these variants, the intermediate rail 64 slides on the fixed rail between a nominal position and a release position, and the device comprises a retractable stop which maintains the intermediate rail 64 in the nominal position up to a first force threshold, and which releases the intermediate rail 64 beyond this first force threshold to allow it to slide on the fixed rail towards the release position.

In certain embodiments of the general shape or of the embodiments mentioned in the two preceding paragraphs of such a device, the support head 26 pivots around a vertical axis of head azimuth A3 with respect to the distal end 52 of arm 46. In such embodiments, support head 26 can be biased around vertical head azimuth axis A3 to a rest position relative to distal end 52 of arm 46.

[0141] In certain embodiments of the general shape or of the embodiments mentioned in the three previous paragraphs of such a device, the displacement of the primary inductor 18 in space, relative to a base of the terminal of recharging, is ensured passively by cooperation with a guide 36 secured to the motor vehicle 12 during a movement of approach of the motor vehicle with the charging terminal 14.

[0142] In certain embodiments of the general shape or of the embodiments mentioned in the four previous paragraphs of such a device, the device comprises means for biasing the arm 46 towards a high stop position with respect to the base. 50, in rotation around the lower horizontal pivot axis A0. In certain embodiments of the general shape or of the embodiments mentioned in the five previous paragraphs of such a device, the support head 26 pivots with respect to the arm 46 around a horizontal axis of upper pivoting Al. variants of such devices, the support head 26 has a center of gravity which is offset with respect to the upper horizontal pivot axis Al around which it pivots with respect to the arm 46, and, in the absence of an external force applied to the support head 26, the support head 26 is returned to a waiting abutment position around the upper horizontal pivot axis Al by the sole effect of gravity.

Claims

[Claim 1] Device (10) for electrical connection by magnetic induction for the electrical recharging of an electric storage battery of a motor vehicle (12), comprising:

- a charging station (14) having a variable-geometry structure (16) which carries a primary inductor (18), the variable-geometry structure (16) allowing movement of the primary inductor (18) in space;

- a secondary inductor (20) which is carried by the motor vehicle (12); characterized in that the connection device (10) comprises at least one electromagnet (28) which is controlled in an attraction state to press the primary inductor (18) and the secondary inductor (20) towards each other on the other opposite.

[Claim 2] Electrical connection device according to claim 1, characterized in that the movement of the primary inductor (18) in space is provided passively by cooperation with a guide (36) integral with the motor vehicle (12).

[Claim 3] Electrical connection device, according to any one of Claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the structure with variable geometry (16) comprises a support head (26) which carries the primary inductor (18) and which is mobile in space with the primary inductor.

[Claim 4] Electrical connection device according to Claim 3, characterized in that the primary inductor (18) is fixed on the support head (26).

[Claim 5] Electrical connection device, according to any one of claims 3 or 4, characterized in that the at least one electromagnet (28) is secured to the support head (26) of the variable geometry structure (16 ).

[Claim 6] Electrical connection device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the at least one electromagnet (28) is integral with the motor vehicle (12).

[Claim 7] Electrical connection device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electromagnet (28) is separate from the primary inductor (18) and from the secondary inductor (20).

[Claim 8] Electrical connection device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electromagnet (28) is controlled in a state of attraction at least when the primary inductor (18) and the secondary inductor (20) are in a relative position of correspondence vis-à-vis.

[Claim 9] Electrical connection device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device comprises at least one position sensor (45) which detects a relative position between the primary inductor (18) and the inductor secondary (20), and in that the electromagnet (28) is controlled in a state of attraction as a function of relative position information between the primary inductor (18) and the secondary inductor (20), delivered by the position sensor (45).

[Claim 10] Electrical connection device according to claim 9, characterized in that at least one of the primary inductor (18) and the secondary inductor (20) forms a relative position sensor between the primary inductor ( 18) and the secondary inductor (20).

[Claim 11] Electrical connection device according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the device comprises at least one relative position sensor (45) between the primary inductor (18) and the secondary inductor (20) which is separate from the primary inductor (18) and the secondary inductor (20).

[Claim 12] Electrical connection device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electromagnet (28) is kept controlled in a state of attraction during a recharging step during which an electric current for recharging the storage battery circulates between the primary inductor (18) and the secondary inductor (20).

[Claim 13] Electrical connection device according to any one of the preceding claims taken in combination with claims 2 and 3, characterized in that the support head (26) is configured to cooperate mechanically with the guide (36) integral with the motor vehicle (12) so that, during a docking operation comprising a relative movement of approach between the motor vehicle (12) and the charging station (14), cooperation by mechanical contact between the head bracket (26) and guide (36) causes a displacement of the support head (26) in space to bring the support head (26) into a predefined relative position with respect to the guide (36).

[Claim 14] Electrical connection device according to claim 13, characterized in that the support head (26) comprises at least three mechanical contact zones (33) provided to cooperate mechanically with the guide (36), and in that the electromagnet (28) is arranged inside a perimeter defined by the at least three contact zones (33).

[Claim 15] Electrical connection device according to any one of the preceding claims taken in combination with Claim 3, characterized in that the variable-geometry structure (16) comprises at least one arm (46) which, via a proximal end (48), pivots with respect to a base (62, 50) around a lower horizontal pivot axis (AO); in that the support head (26), which carries the primary inductor (18), is carried by a distal end (52) of the arm (46), and pivots relative to the arm around a horizontal axis of upper pivoting (Al); and in that the arm (46) is pivotable with respect to the base around a vertical axis of azimuth of the arm (A2).

[Claim 16] Electrical connection device according to claim 15, characterized in that the arm (46) is mounted on the base (50, 62) by a double pivot comprising a pivot along the lower horizontal pivot axis (AO ) and a pivot along the vertical azimuth axis of the arm (A2).

[Claim 17] Electrical connection device according to claim 16, characterized in that the double pivot is formed by a turret (56) which is mounted on the base (50, 62) by the pivot along the vertical axis of azimuth of the arm (A2) of the double pivot, the arm (46) being, at its proximal end (48), mounted on the turret (56) by the pivot along the lower horizontal pivot axis (AO) of the double pivot.

[Claim 18] Electrical connection device according to any one of Claims 15 to 17, characterized in that the support head (26) pivots around a head azimuth axis (A3) with respect to the distal end (52) of the arm (46).

[Claim 19] Electrical connection device according to Claim 18, characterized in that the support head (26) is biased around the vertical axis head azimuth (A3) to a rest position relative to the distal end of the arm (46).

[Claim 20] Electrical connection device according to any one of claims 15 to 19, characterized in that the base (50) comprises a slide (58) extending longitudinally relative to a base (60) of the structure with variable geometry (16), in that the base (50) comprises a carriage (62) which slides on the slide (58) in the longitudinal direction of extension of the slide, and in that the arm (46) pivots, via its proximal end (48), on the carriage (62) around the lower horizontal pivot axis (A0) and around the vertical azimuth axis of the arm (A2).

[Claim 21] Electrical connection device according to claim 20, characterized in that the device comprises means for returning the carriage (62) to a standby position with respect to the slide (58).

[Claim 22] Electrical connection device according to any one of claims 20 or 21, characterized in that the slide (58) comprises a fixed rail and at least one intermediate rail (64) which slides on the fixed rail in the direction extension of the slide, and in that the carriage (62) slides on the intermediate rail (64) of the slide (58) in the longitudinal direction of extension of the slide.

[Claim 23] Electrical connection device according to Claim 22, characterized in that the intermediate rail (64) slides on the fixed rail between a nominal position and a disengaged position, and in that the device comprises a retractable stop which holds the intermediate rail (64) in the nominal position up to a first force threshold, and which releases the intermediate rail (64) beyond this first force threshold to allow it to slide on the fixed rail towards the release position.

[Claim 24] Electrical connection device according to any one of Claims 15 to 23, characterized in that the device comprises means for elastically returning the arm to an upper stop position relative to the base, in rotation around the lower horizontal pivot axis.

[Claim 25] Electrical connection device according to any one of Claims 15 to 24, characterized in that the support head (26) has a center of gravity which is offset with respect to the horizontal axis of pivoting upper (Al) around which it pivots relative to the arm (46), and in that, in the absence of external force applied to the support head, the support head (26) is returned to an abutment position of waiting around the horizontal axis of upper pivoting (Al) by the sole effect of gravity.

[Claim 26] Method of electric recharging by magnetic induction of an electric storage battery of a motor vehicle comprising the following steps: a- a docking operation comprising a relative movement of approach between the motor vehicle (12) and a charging station (14) having a variable geometry structure (26) having a support head (26) which carries a primary inductor and which is movable in space with the primary inductor; b- during the docking operation, cooperation by mechanical contact between the support head (26) and a guide (36) secured to the motor vehicle (12), the mechanical cooperation causing a displacement of the support head (26 ) in space to bring the support head (26) into a predefined relative position with respect to the guide (36); c- the control of an electromagnet in a state of attraction at least when the primary inductor (18) is in a relative position of correspondence vis-à-vis a secondary inductor (20) which is carried by the motor vehicle (12); d- maintaining the electromagnet (28) in a state of attraction during a recharging step during which an electric current for recharging the storage battery flows between the primary inductor (18) and the secondary inductor ( 20).

[Claim 27] Recharging method according to claim 26, characterized in that it comprises the step of detecting a relative position between the primary inductor (18) and the secondary inductor (20), and in that the electromagnet (28) is driven into an attraction state based on relative position information between the primary inductor (18) and the secondary inductor (28).

[Claim 28] Recharging method according to claim 27, characterized in that it includes the step of deactivating the electromagnet (28) after stopping the flow of electric current for recharging the storage battery between the primary inductor (18) and the secondary inductor (20).

[Claim 29] Recharging method according to claim 27, characterized in that it comprises the step of keeping the electromagnet activated after stopping the flow of electric current for recharging the storage battery between the primary inductor (18) and the secondary inductor (20), until a time following a movement of the motor vehicle (12) relative to the charging station (14).

[Claim 30] Recharging method according to any one of Claims 26 to 29, characterized in that in step c, the electromagnet (28) is controlled in a state of attraction, in which it generates a force d magnetic attraction which draws the primary inductor (18) and the secondary inductor (20) together only when the primary inductor (18) and the secondary inductor (20) are in their relative position face-to-face correspondence, or when the primary inductor (18) and the secondary inductor (20) are separated from each other, with respect to their relative position of face-to-face correspondence , from a distance less than a predefined activation distance.