WO2022253992A1 - Utilisation d'une composition de refroidissement pour proteger une batterie - Google Patents
Utilisation d'une composition de refroidissement pour proteger une batterie Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022253992A1 WO2022253992A1 PCT/EP2022/065141 EP2022065141W WO2022253992A1 WO 2022253992 A1 WO2022253992 A1 WO 2022253992A1 EP 2022065141 W EP2022065141 W EP 2022065141W WO 2022253992 A1 WO2022253992 A1 WO 2022253992A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- battery
- cooling
- cooling composition
- composition
- weight
- Prior art date
Links
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 111
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6567—Liquids
- H01M10/6568—Liquids characterised by flow circuits, e.g. loops, located externally to the cells or cell casings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/08—Materials not undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/10—Liquid materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
- H01M10/625—Vehicles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6567—Liquids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of compositions for cooling and protecting against the propagation of thermal runaway of a battery and in particular of a lithium-ion battery.
- the battery can be implemented in mobile or stationary applications.
- the invention aims to cool a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, and more particularly to cool the battery and possibly the power electronics of an electric or hybrid vehicle. It aims in particular to propose a cooling composition compatible with its implementation at the level of a battery and possibly power electronics.
- a battery is an electrical generating device in which chemical energy is converted into electrical energy.
- the chemical energy consists of electrochemically active compounds deposited on at least one face of electrodes arranged in the electrochemical generator. Electrical energy is produced by electrochemical reactions during a discharge of an electrochemical cell.
- a battery comprises several electrochemical cells.
- a lithium-ion type electrochemical cell is based on the principle of the reversible insertion of lithium into a host structure in an electrochemically active manner.
- the temperature of the cells In the field of electrochemical cells such as lithium-ion cells, the temperature of the cells must be managed in order to maintain the temperature within an adequate range of the cell.
- Lithium-ion batteries are generally implemented at temperatures ranging from -40°C to +70°C. In the event of runaway, some cells can reach temperatures of around 400 to 800°C.
- Stationary applications include storage batteries, for example solar storage batteries.
- mobile applications mention may be made of automotive applications.
- the development of international standards for the reduction of C02 emissions, but also for the reduction of energy consumption, is pushing car manufacturers to offer alternative solutions to combustion engines.
- electric vehicle within the meaning of the present invention, is meant a vehicle comprising an electric motor as sole means of propulsion, whereas a hybrid vehicle comprises a combustion engine and an electric motor as combined means of propulsion.
- propulsion system within the meaning of the present invention, is meant a system comprising the mechanical parts necessary for the propulsion of an electric vehicle.
- the propulsion system thus more specifically includes an electric motor comprising the power electronics rotor-stator assembly (dedicated to speed regulation), a transmission and a battery.
- the battery is itself generally made up of a set of electric accumulators, called cells.
- compositions In general, it is necessary to implement, in electric or hybrid vehicles, compositions to meet the lubrication and/or cooling constraints of the various parts of the propulsion system mentioned above.
- electric propulsion systems generate heat during operation via the electric motor, power electronics and batteries. Since the amount of heat generated is greater than the amount of heat normally dissipated to the environment, it is necessary to ensure cooling of the motor, the power electronics and the batteries. In general, the cooling is carried out on several parts of the propulsion system generating heat and/or the parts of said system sensitive to heat, in order to avoid reaching dangerous temperatures, and in particular the power electronics and batteries.
- application US 2014/0318746 describes the implementation of high thermal conductivity materials in the constituent cells of a battery for electric and/or hybrid vehicles and a low thermal conductivity material for the external casing.
- document US 20120161472 mentions the use of low thermal conductivity materials to form the battery pack and insulate it from the outside.
- This document discloses a fluid based on a water/glycol mixture of very high thermal conductivity.
- the inventors have sought to improve and provide a composition having both improved cooling and thermal runaway protection properties.
- the present invention relates to the use of a cooling composition to protect a battery against thermal runaway, said cooling composition comprising at least one base oil and having a thermal conductivity less than or equal to 125 mW.m fK 1 .
- the battery is a lithium-ion battery.
- the cooling composition implemented according to the invention has a thermal conductivity less than or equal to 120 mW.m fK 1 , preferably less than or equal to 115 mW.ml.K-1.
- the cooling composition implemented according to the invention comprises, relative to the total weight of the cooling composition, at least 70% by weight of base oil(s), preferably from 70 to 99.9% by weight of base oil(s), more preferably from 80 to 99% by weight of base oil(s), more preferably from 85 to 98% by weight of base oil(s) base.
- the cooling composition is implemented in a device for cooling a battery comprising at least one circulation loop in which the cooling composition circulates.
- the cooling composition circulates in at least one element chosen from an oil pump, a fluid exchanger and an air exchanger.
- the cooling device further comprises at least one storage tank for the cooling composition.
- the invention also relates to a device for cooling a battery comprising at least one circulation loop in which the cooling composition according to the invention circulates.
- the cooling composition circulates in at least one element chosen from among an oil pump, a fluid exchanger and an air exchanger.
- the cooling device further comprises at least one storage tank for the cooling composition.
- the battery is a lithium-ion battery.
- the invention also relates to the use of the cooling composition according to the invention, for cooling and for protecting against thermal runaway a battery, preferably a lithium-ion battery.
- the battery is implemented in a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, preferably an electric vehicle.
- the cooling composition is implemented in a cooling device as defined in the invention.
- FIG. 1 represents a schematic perspective view of a battery cell as part of the simulation of the experimental part.
- FIG. 2 represents a perspective view of a battery cell and the support (S) within the framework of the simulation of the experimental part.
- FIG. 3 represents a perspective view of a box (B) comprising the cells and the support (S) within the framework of the simulation of the experimental part.
- FIG. 4 represents a top view of a box B within the framework of the simulation of the experimental part.
- FIG. 5 represents a perspective view of a box and the dimensioning (D) for the calculation within the framework of the simulation of the experimental part.
- FIG. 6 represents the evolution of the average temperature of the faulty cell over time, for two fluids and two durations of application of the heat source.
- FIG. 7 represents the evolution of the average temperature of the fluid over time, for two fluids and two durations of application of the heat source.
- FIG. 8 represents the evolution of the average temperature of the neighboring cell over time, for two fluids and two durations of application of the heat source.
- FIG. 9 represents the evolution of the average temperature of the faulty cell over time, for two fluids for a space of 4 mm between two cells.
- FIG. 10 represents the evolution of the average temperature of the fluid over time, for two fluids for a space of 4 mm between two cells.
- FIG. 11 represents the evolution of the mean temperature of the neighboring cell over time, for two fluids for a space of 4 mm between two cells.
- the present invention relates to a composition for cooling and protecting against thermal runaway a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, said composition comprising at least one base oil and having a thermal conductivity at 30°C of less than or equal to 125 mW .m fK 1 .
- the cooling composition has a thermal conductivity at 30° C. of less than or equal to 120 mW.m fK 1 , preferably less than or equal to 115 mW.m fK 1 , more preferably less than or equal to 110 mW.m fK 1 .
- the thermal conductivity is measured for example according to the ASTM standard
- the cooling composition implemented according to the invention comprises one or more base oils, preferably in a total content of at least 70% by weight, preferably ranging from 70 to 99% by weight, more preferably 80 to 98% by weight, preferably from 85 to 95% by weight, relative to the total weight of the cooling composition.
- the cooling composition comprises 100% by weight of base oil(s), relative to the total weight of the cooling composition.
- base oils can be chosen from the base oils conventionally used in the field of lubricating oils, such as mineral, synthetic or natural, animal or vegetable oils or mixtures thereof.
- It can be a mixture of several base oils, for example a mixture of two, three, or four base oils.
- the base oils of the cooling compositions considered according to the invention may in particular be oils of mineral or synthetic origin belonging to groups I to V according to the classes defined in the API classification (or their equivalents according to the ATIEL classification) and presented in Table 1 below or mixtures thereof. [Table 1]
- Mineral base oils include all types of base oils obtained by atmospheric and vacuum distillation of crude oil, followed by refining operations such as solvent extraction, de-alpha removal, solvent dewaxing, hydrotreating, hydrocracking, hydroisomerization and hydrofinishing .
- Blends of synthetic and mineral oils, which may be biosourced, can also be used.
- the base oils of the compositions according to the invention can also be chosen from synthetic oils, such as certain esters of carboxylic acids and alcohols, polyalphaolefins (PAO), and polyalkylene glycol (PAG) obtained by polymerization or copolymerization of alkylene oxides comprising from 2 to 8 carbon atoms, in particular from 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
- synthetic oils such as certain esters of carboxylic acids and alcohols, polyalphaolefins (PAO), and polyalkylene glycol (PAG) obtained by polymerization or copolymerization of alkylene oxides comprising from 2 to 8 carbon atoms, in particular from 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
- the PAOs used as base oils are for example obtained from monomers comprising from 4 to 32 carbon atoms, for example from octene or decene.
- the weight average molecular weight of PAO can vary quite widely. Of preferably, the weight-average molecular mass of the PAO is less than 600 Da.
- the weight-average molecular mass of the PAO can also range from 100 to 600 Da, from 150 to 600 Da, or even from 200 to 600 Da.
- the oil or base oils of the composition according to the invention are chosen from polyalphaolefins (PAO), polyalkylene glycol (PAG) and esters of carboxylic acids and alcohols, silicone , ether.
- PAO polyalphaolefins
- PAG polyalkylene glycol
- esters of carboxylic acids and alcohols silicone , ether.
- Additional additives can be implemented in the cooling composition of the invention.
- these additives mention may be made of antioxidants, anti-corrosion additives, anti-foam additives and pour point depressants.
- the cooling composition implemented according to the invention comprises at least one antioxidant additive.
- the antioxidant additive generally makes it possible to delay the degradation of the composition in service. This degradation can in particular result in the formation of deposits, in the presence of sludge or in an increase in the viscosity of the composition.
- Antioxidant additives act in particular as free radical inhibitors or destroyers of hydroperoxides.
- antioxidant additives commonly employed, mention may be made of antioxidant additives of the phenolic type, antioxidant additives of the amine type, phosphosulfur antioxidant additives. Some of these antioxidant additives, for example phosphosulfur antioxidant additives, can be ash generators.
- the phenolic antioxidant additives may be ash-free or may be in the form of neutral or basic metal salts.
- the antioxidant additives may in particular be chosen from sterically hindered phenols, sterically hindered phenol esters and sterically hindered phenols comprising a thioether bridge, diphenylamines, diphenylamines substituted with at least one CI 2 alkyl group, N,N '-dialkyl-aryl-diamines and mixtures thereof.
- the sterically hindered phenols are chosen from compounds comprising a phenol group of which at least one carbon vicinal to the carbon carrying the alcohol function is substituted by at least one Ci-Cio alkyl group, preferably an alkyl group C I -C O , preferably a C4 alkyl group, preferably by the tert-butyl group.
- Amino compounds are another class of antioxidant additives that can be used, possibly in combination with phenolic antioxidant additives.
- amino compounds are aromatic amines, for example aromatic amines of formula NR 4 R 5 R 6 in which R 4 represents an aliphatic group or an optionally substituted aromatic group, R 5 represents an optionally substituted aromatic group, R 6 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group or a group of formula R 7 S(0) z R 8 in which R 7 represents an alkylene group or an alkenylene group, R 8 represents an alkyl group, a alkenyl group or an aryl group and z represents 0, 1 or 2
- Sulfurized alkyl phenols or their alkali and alkaline earth metal salts can also be used as antioxidant additives.
- antioxidant additives are that of copper compounds, for example copper thio- or dithio-phosphates, salts of copper and carboxylic acids, dithiocarbamates, sulphonates, phenates, copper acetylacetonates. Copper I and II salts, succinic acid or anhydride salts can also be used.
- copper compounds for example copper thio- or dithio-phosphates, salts of copper and carboxylic acids, dithiocarbamates, sulphonates, phenates, copper acetylacetonates.
- Copper I and II salts, succinic acid or anhydride salts can also be used.
- the cooling composition implemented according to the invention may contain all types of antioxidant additives known to those skilled in the art.
- the cooling composition implemented according to the invention may comprise from 0.1 to 2% by weight of at least one antioxidant additive, relative to the total weight of the composition.
- the cooling composition implemented according to the invention is free of antioxidant additive of aromatic amine type or of sterically hindered phenol type.
- the cooling composition implemented according to the invention may comprise at least one anti-corrosion additive.
- the anti-corrosion additive advantageously makes it possible to delay or prevent the corrosion of the metal parts of the battery.
- a cooling composition implemented according to the invention may comprise from 0.01 to 2% by mass or from 0.01 to 5% by mass, preferably from 0.1 to 1.5% by mass or from 0.1 to 2% by mass of anti-corrosion agent, relative to the total weight of the composition.
- the cooling composition implemented according to the invention may also comprise at least one antifoaming agent.
- the antifoaming agent can be chosen from polyacrylates or even waxes.
- the cooling composition implemented according to the invention may comprise from 0.01 to 2% by weight or from 0.01 to 5% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 1.5% by weight or from 0.1 to 2% mass of antifoaming agent, relative to the total weight of the composition.
- the cooling composition implemented according to the invention may also comprise at least one pour point depressant additive, (also called “PPD” agents for “Pour Point Depressant” in English).
- PPD pour point depressant additive
- pour point depressants By slowing down the formation of paraffin crystals, pour point depressants generally improve the cold behavior of the composition.
- pour point depressant additives mention may be made of polyalkyl methacrylates, polyacrylates, polyarylamides, polyalkylphenols, polyalkylnaphthalenes, alkylated polystyrenes.
- the cooling composition implemented according to the invention may also further comprise all types of additives suitable for use in a lubricant for a propulsion system of a electric or hybrid vehicle and may be referred to as a lubricating composition.
- Such additives can be chosen from friction modifiers, detergents, anti-wear additives, extreme-pressure additives , dispersants, and mixtures thereof.
- the lubricating composition implemented according to the invention may comprise at least one friction modifier additive.
- the friction modifier additive can be selected from a compound providing metallic elements and a compound free of ash.
- the compounds providing metallic elements mention may be made of complexes of transition metals such as Mo, Sb, Sn, Fe, Cu, Zn, the ligands of which may be hydrocarbon compounds comprising oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur or phosphorus.
- the ash-free friction modifier additives are generally of organic origin and can be chosen from monoesters of fatty acids and polyols, alkoxylated amines, alkoxylated fatty amines, fatty epoxides, borate fatty epoxides; fatty amines or fatty acid glycerol esters.
- the fatty compounds comprise at least one hydrocarbon group comprising from 10 to 24 carbon atoms.
- the lubricating composition implemented according to the invention may comprise from 0.01 to 2% by weight or from 0.01 to 5% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 1.5% by weight or from 0.1 to 2% by weight of friction modifier additive, relative to the total weight of the composition.
- the lubricating composition implemented according to the invention may also comprise at least one detergent additive.
- Detergent additives generally reduce the formation of deposits on the surface of metal parts by dissolving secondary products of oxidation and combustion.
- detergent additives that can be used in a lubricating composition used according to the invention are generally known to those skilled in the art.
- Detergent additives can be anionic compounds comprising a long lipophilic hydrocarbon chain and a hydrophilic head.
- the associated cation can be a metal cation of an alkali or alkaline earth metal.
- the detergent additives are preferably chosen from alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal salts of carboxylic acids, sulfonates, salicylates, naphthenates, as well as phenate salts.
- the alkali and alkaline-earth metals are preferably calcium, magnesium, sodium or barium.
- These metallic salts generally comprise the metal in a stoichiometric quantity or else in excess, therefore in a quantity greater than the narrow stoichiometric quantity.
- These are then overbased detergent additives; the excess metal bringing the overbased character to the detergent additive is then generally in the form of an oil-insoluble metal salt, for example a carbonate, a hydroxide, an oxalate, an acetate, a glutamate, preferentially a carbonate.
- the lubricating composition implemented according to the invention may for example comprise from 2 to 4% by weight of detergent additive, relative to the total weight of the composition.
- the lubricating composition implemented according to the invention may comprise at least one dispersing agent.
- the dispersing agent can be chosen from Mannich bases, succinimides, for example of the polyisobutylene succinimide type.
- the lubricating composition used according to the invention may, for example, comprise from 0.2 to 10% by weight of dispersing agent(s), relative to the total weight of the composition.
- the lubricating composition used according to the invention may also comprise at least one anti-wear and/or extreme pressure agent.
- the anti-wear additives are chosen from phospho-sulphur additives such as metal alkylthiophosphates, in particular zinc alkylthiophosphates, and more specifically zinc dialkyldithiophosphates or ZnDTP.
- phospho-sulphur additives such as metal alkylthiophosphates, in particular zinc alkylthiophosphates, and more specifically zinc dialkyldithiophosphates or ZnDTP.
- the preferred compounds are of formula Zn((SP(S)(OR 2 )(OR 3 ))2, in which R 2 and R 3 , which are identical or different, independently represent an alkyl group, preferably an alkyl group comprising from 1 to 18 carbon atoms.
- Amine phosphates are also anti-wear additives which can be used in a composition according to the invention.
- the phosphorus provided by these additives can act as a poison for the catalytic systems of automobiles because these additives generate ash.
- These effects can be minimized by partially replacing the amine phosphates with additives that do not provide phosphorus, such as, for example, polysulphides, in particular sulphur-containing olefins.
- the lubricating composition implemented according to the invention may comprise from 0.01 to 15% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 10% by weight, preferably from 1 to 5% by weight of anti- wear, relative to the total weight of the composition.
- the lubricating composition used according to the invention may also comprise at least one viscosity index improver (VI improver).
- VI improvers include polymethacrylates, polyisobutenes or fatty acid esters. When they are present, these additives can represent from 1 to 25% by weight, of the total weight of the lubricating composition.
- a composition suitable for the invention comprises at least one additional additive chosen from friction modifiers, viscosity index modifiers, detergents, extreme pressure additives, dispersants, antioxidants, anticorrosion additives, pour point depressants, antifoaming agents and mixtures thereof.
- the cooling composition used in the invention comprises less than 0.01% by weight of halocarbon compound(s), preferably the cooling composition used in the invention is free of compound(s) halocarbon(s).
- additives can be introduced separately and/or in the form of a mixture like those already available for sale for the formulations of commercial lubricants for vehicle engines, with a performance level as defined by the ACEA ( Association of European Automobile Manufacturers) and/or the API (American Petroleum Institute), well known to those skilled in the art.
- ACEA Association of European Automobile Manufacturers
- API American Petroleum Institute
- the complementary additive(s) can be added to a base oil or mixture of oils.
- the cooling composition implemented according to the invention has a kinematic viscosity, measured at 40° C. according to the ASTM D445 standard, ranging from 1.5 to 35 mm 2 /s, in particular from 2 to 25 mm 2 /s even from 2.5 to 10 mm 2 /s.
- the cooling composition implemented according to the invention has a kinematic viscosity, measured at 100° C. according to the ASTM D445 standard, ranging from 0.5 to 7 mm 2 /s, in particular from 1 to 4 mm 2 /s or even 1.5 to 2.5 mm 2 /s.
- the cooling composition according to the invention makes it possible to cool the cells of a battery, in particular a lithium-ion battery.
- the battery, in particular lithium-ion can be implemented in a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, in particular of an electric vehicle.
- the cooling composition implemented according to the invention makes it possible to limit or even eliminate the propagation of a thermal runaway when it is implemented in a battery, in particular a lithium-ion battery. More particularly, the battery can be implemented in a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, in particular of an electric vehicle.
- composition according to the invention can be used to cool and/or to protect a battery, in particular a lithium-ion battery, against the propagation of thermal runaway.
- a battery in particular a lithium-ion battery
- the battery can be implemented in a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, in particular of an electric vehicle.
- the cooling composition is implemented at temperatures ranging from -40°C to +70°C, preferably at temperatures ranging from 0 to 30°C.
- composition according to the invention make it possible to define uses according to the invention which are also particular, advantageous or preferred.
- the cooling composition according to the invention can typically circulate in a circulation loop of a cooling device of a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, in particular of an electric vehicle.
- the cooling composition according to the invention will be used to cool and/or to protect against the propagation of a thermal runaway the battery of the propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, in particular of an electric vehicle.
- a thermal runaway can be characterized by the damage of a cell (the cell will then be said to be "faulty"), which results in an increase in its internal temperature which will produce exothermic reactions within the electrolyte, which can go as far as an ejection of gas and a discharge of the energy of its chemical reactions in the form of heat.
- This thermal runaway of an isolated cell often results in a propagation of this runaway to the neighboring cell. Indeed, an increase in the temperature of a cell, reaching a temperature of at least 90°C or even at least 100°C or even at least 120°C also causes it to go into thermal runaway.
- a cell will be said to be faulty when its temperature goes above 100°C, or even above 120°C.
- the increase in heat can sometimes be accompanied by an ejection of gas.
- the cooling composition according to the invention can thus be implemented in a circulation loop of a device for cooling a battery.
- the batteries of the invention preferably of the lithium-ion type, can be used at temperatures ranging from -40°C to +70°C, preferably from 0 to 30°C.
- the faulty battery cell can reach temperatures of around 400 to 800°C.
- the present invention also relates to a device for cooling a battery, in particular a lithium-ion battery.
- the battery is implemented in a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle.
- the cooling device according to the invention comprises at least one circulation loop in which the cooling composition according to the invention circulates.
- the cooling device comprises at least one element selected from an oil pump, a fluid exchanger (heat exchanger between two fluids, also called a “chiller”) and a heat pump.
- the cooling composition according to the invention circulates in at least one chosen element from an oil pump, a chiller and an air exchanger, preferably, in G set of elements chosen from an oil pump, a chiller, and an air exchanger.
- the heat pump can be considered as a heating system or as a refrigeration system.
- the cooling device further comprises a storage tank for the cooling composition.
- the cooling device will preferably be implemented at temperatures ranging from -40°C to +70°C under normal conditions, or even from 0 to +30°C.
- the cooling device according to the invention will make it possible to limit or even avoid thermal runaway in a battery, such as a lithium-ion battery, which can be implemented in a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle. , preferably an electric vehicle.
- the invention also relates to the use of the cooling composition according to the invention for cooling and/or for protecting against thermal runaway a battery, such as a lithium-ion battery, for example implemented in a propulsion of an electric or hybrid vehicle, preferably an electric vehicle in a cooling device according to the invention.
- a battery such as a lithium-ion battery, for example implemented in a propulsion of an electric or hybrid vehicle, preferably an electric vehicle in a cooling device according to the invention.
- the invention also relates, according to another of its aspects, to a method for cooling a battery, preferably lithium-ion, comprising at least one heat exchange step between the cooling composition according to the invention and at least one piece of said battery.
- the cooling process includes at least one step in which a part of said battery is cooled thanks to the heat exchange step.
- the method is implemented at least in the battery of a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, preferably electric.
- the method of cooling a battery does not implement any halocarbon compound(s).
- the process for cooling a battery according to the invention uses a single cooling composition, preferably comprising at least 70% by weight of base oil(s), preferably from 70 to 100% by weight of base oil(s), relative to the total weight of the cooling composition.
- the invention also relates to a method for protecting against thermal backflow of a battery, such as a lithium-ion battery, comprising at least one heat exchange step between the cooling composition according to the invention and at least one piece of said battery.
- the thermal runaway protection method is implemented in the battery of a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, preferably an electric vehicle.
- the protection method according to the invention is implemented in a battery comprising several cells and the method comprises at least a step of racing a cell and a step in which the temperature of the neighboring cell does not exceed 120 °C, preferably does not exceed 100°C or even does not exceed 90°C.
- the methods are implemented in the cooling device according to the invention.
- the method of protection against thermal runaway of a battery does not implement halocarbon fluid(s).
- the method for protecting a battery against thermal runaway uses a single cooling composition, preferably comprising at least 70% by weight of base oil(s), preferably 70 to 100% by weight of base oil(s), based on the total weight of the cooling composition.
- a thermal runaway in an electric vehicle battery was simulated using the simulation software: COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS® 5.4, based on the finite element method.
- the modeled battery comprises 5 cells, each identical and of non-deformable rectangular parallelepiped shape with dimensions:
- Fig. 1 represents a view of a cell.
- the properties of the cell support were chosen to represent a copolyester:
- Fig. 2 shows a view of the support (S).
- the box has the following external dimensions:
- Fig. 3 represents a view of the box (B) forming the cells and the support.
- the walls of the box are 2mm thick.
- Fig. 4 shows a top view of a box comprising:
- the geometry of the simulation model has been reduced to the left part of the complete geometry.
- a symmetry condition has been applied at the section plane. This means that the actually simulated geometry differs from the complete geometry. That being said, the heat source being applied in a volumetric manner and the box being closed (no fluid inlet or outlet), this simplification has no qualitative influence on the simulated phenomena and the conclusions drawn from the study.
- the cutting plane is positioned at a distance of 111.375 mm from the left end of the box, positioning it exactly in the middle of the second portion of the support.
- Fig. 5 shows the dimensioning (D) for the calculation.
- the volume of fluid implemented in the domain (D) is 0.936 liters.
- the thermal runaway of the first cell is modeled by the heat source described above.
- the system operates in a closed circuit, the fluid circulates by the sole effect of the modification of the density with the temperature.
- the number of meshes used for the discretization of the model is: 1377265 meshes for the fluid, 2392214 meshes for the cells, 71127 meshes for the box, 1324894 meshes for the support.
- a non-slip condition is applied for the fluid on each surface where it is in contact with a solid (cells or box).
- the box being placed on a support, it is considered that there is no heat exchange between the fluid and the lower part of the box.
- Figs. 6, Figs. 7 and Figs. 8 represents, respectively, the average temperature of the faulty cell (Cl), the average temperature of the fluid, the average temperature of the neighboring cell (C2), for two fluids which are distinguished only by the thermal conductivity, and for two durations different application of the heat source, 10 seconds and 15 seconds.
- the cells are separated by a space of 5 mm.
- Fig. 6 shows that a duration of 15 seconds will cause a greater increase in the temperature of the faulty cell, making it possible to simulate a more severe case of thermal runaway.
- the average temperature of the fluid is lower in the case where the cooling composition according to the invention is implemented.
- the average temperature of the neighboring cell is lower when the cooling composition according to the invention is implemented.
- the cooling composition according to the invention makes it possible, at least to limit, but above all to prevent the propagation of thermal runaway.
- Figs. 10 and Figs. 11 show the effect of the cooling composition according to the invention in cooling and in limiting and preventing the spread of thermal runaway, even under more severe conditions, i.e. 4mm spacing and higher heating of the faulty cell.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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KR1020237040664A KR20240018442A (ko) | 2021-06-04 | 2022-06-02 | 배터리를 보호하기 위한 냉각 조성물의 용도 |
US18/564,922 US20240240071A1 (en) | 2021-06-04 | 2022-06-02 | Use of a cooling composition to protect a battery |
EP22732117.1A EP4348757A1 (fr) | 2021-06-04 | 2022-06-02 | Utilisation d'une composition de refroidissement pour proteger une batterie |
CN202280037302.9A CN117461188A (zh) | 2021-06-04 | 2022-06-02 | 使用冷却组合物来保护电池 |
MX2023014133A MX2023014133A (es) | 2021-06-04 | 2022-06-02 | Composicion de enfriamiento para una bateria. |
JP2023572795A JP2024520425A (ja) | 2021-06-04 | 2022-06-02 | バッテリ用冷却組成物 |
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FRFR2105920 | 2021-06-04 | ||
FR2105920A FR3123763B1 (fr) | 2021-06-04 | 2021-06-04 | Composition de refroidissement d’une batterie. |
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WO2022253992A1 true WO2022253992A1 (fr) | 2022-12-08 |
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PCT/EP2022/065141 WO2022253992A1 (fr) | 2021-06-04 | 2022-06-02 | Utilisation d'une composition de refroidissement pour proteger une batterie |
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US (1) | US20240240071A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP4348757A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2024520425A (fr) |
KR (1) | KR20240018442A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN117461188A (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3123763B1 (fr) |
MX (1) | MX2023014133A (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2022253992A1 (fr) |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20120161472A1 (en) | 2010-12-22 | 2012-06-28 | Tesla Motors, Inc. | System for Absorbing and Distributing Side Impact Energy Utilizing an Integrated Battery Pack |
US20140318746A1 (en) | 2013-04-26 | 2014-10-30 | Hyundai Motor Company | Device for indirectly cooling battery module of eco-friendly vehicle |
WO2015034340A1 (fr) | 2013-09-04 | 2015-03-12 | Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey | Huile lubrifiante pour applications automotrices et industrielles dans laquelle on a ajouté du graphène à motifs |
WO2020007955A1 (fr) * | 2018-07-04 | 2020-01-09 | Bp P.L.C. | Systèmes de circuits de refroidissement multiples et leurs procédés d'utilisation |
US20200199430A1 (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2020-06-25 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Low viscosity heat transfer fluids with increasing flash point and thermal conductivity |
WO2020252235A1 (fr) * | 2019-06-12 | 2020-12-17 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Système, procédé et fluide de transfert de chaleur organique |
-
2021
- 2021-06-04 FR FR2105920A patent/FR3123763B1/fr active Active
-
2022
- 2022-06-02 CN CN202280037302.9A patent/CN117461188A/zh active Pending
- 2022-06-02 JP JP2023572795A patent/JP2024520425A/ja active Pending
- 2022-06-02 KR KR1020237040664A patent/KR20240018442A/ko unknown
- 2022-06-02 US US18/564,922 patent/US20240240071A1/en active Pending
- 2022-06-02 EP EP22732117.1A patent/EP4348757A1/fr active Pending
- 2022-06-02 MX MX2023014133A patent/MX2023014133A/es unknown
- 2022-06-02 WO PCT/EP2022/065141 patent/WO2022253992A1/fr active Application Filing
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20120161472A1 (en) | 2010-12-22 | 2012-06-28 | Tesla Motors, Inc. | System for Absorbing and Distributing Side Impact Energy Utilizing an Integrated Battery Pack |
US20140318746A1 (en) | 2013-04-26 | 2014-10-30 | Hyundai Motor Company | Device for indirectly cooling battery module of eco-friendly vehicle |
WO2015034340A1 (fr) | 2013-09-04 | 2015-03-12 | Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey | Huile lubrifiante pour applications automotrices et industrielles dans laquelle on a ajouté du graphène à motifs |
WO2020007955A1 (fr) * | 2018-07-04 | 2020-01-09 | Bp P.L.C. | Systèmes de circuits de refroidissement multiples et leurs procédés d'utilisation |
US20200199430A1 (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2020-06-25 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Low viscosity heat transfer fluids with increasing flash point and thermal conductivity |
WO2020252235A1 (fr) * | 2019-06-12 | 2020-12-17 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Système, procédé et fluide de transfert de chaleur organique |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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MX2023014133A (es) | 2023-12-13 |
JP2024520425A (ja) | 2024-05-24 |
US20240240071A1 (en) | 2024-07-18 |
EP4348757A1 (fr) | 2024-04-10 |
FR3123763A1 (fr) | 2022-12-09 |
FR3123763B1 (fr) | 2024-01-05 |
CN117461188A (zh) | 2024-01-26 |
KR20240018442A (ko) | 2024-02-13 |
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