WO2022253630A1 - Busteilnehmer, bussystem und verfahren zur datenübertragung in einem zweidraht-bussystem - Google Patents
Busteilnehmer, bussystem und verfahren zur datenübertragung in einem zweidraht-bussystem Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022253630A1 WO2022253630A1 PCT/EP2022/064002 EP2022064002W WO2022253630A1 WO 2022253630 A1 WO2022253630 A1 WO 2022253630A1 EP 2022064002 W EP2022064002 W EP 2022064002W WO 2022253630 A1 WO2022253630 A1 WO 2022253630A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- bus
- battery voltage
- voltage
- modulation signal
- variable battery
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 101150027978 UMOD gene Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B3/00—Line transmission systems
- H04B3/54—Systems for transmission via power distribution lines
- H04B3/548—Systems for transmission via power distribution lines the power on the line being DC
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/02—Details
- H04L12/12—Arrangements for remote connection or disconnection of substations or of equipment thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to line transmission systems
- H04B2203/54—Aspects of powerline communications not already covered by H04B3/54 and its subgroups
- H04B2203/5404—Methods of transmitting or receiving signals via power distribution lines
- H04B2203/5416—Methods of transmitting or receiving signals via power distribution lines by adding signals to the wave form of the power source
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to line transmission systems
- H04B2203/54—Aspects of powerline communications not already covered by H04B3/54 and its subgroups
- H04B2203/5462—Systems for power line communications
- H04B2203/547—Systems for power line communications via DC power distribution
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B3/00—Line transmission systems
- H04B3/54—Systems for transmission via power distribution lines
- H04B3/542—Systems for transmission via power distribution lines the information being in digital form
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a bus user, a bus system and a method for data transmission in a two-wire bus system.
- the present invention relates to battery-powered bus systems (in particular island bus systems) which are supplied with a variable (fluctuating) DC voltage.
- bus systems are known, particularly in automotive and aeronautical applications, which enable the exchange of information between the control units using comparatively little wiring effort.
- the modulation methods are usually defined independently of a current level of the supply voltage.
- the levels 0 volts and 5 volts are defined in order to communicate different characters (low/high) using fixed, predefined voltages.
- the master control unit can only send data to the bus participants at low data rates if the bus participants are supplied with power at the same time, since the sync pulse architecture is used for this.
- the modulation voltage refers to a constant supply voltage, which requires a voltage regulator in the master controller to supply the bus participants.
- the present invention proposes a method for data transmission in a two-wire bus system.
- the two-wire bus system can be understood as a galvanically/electrically switching bus system.
- two control devices are only connected to one another via two wires, via which they carry out the exchange of information and are supplied with electrical energy.
- a first bus user and a second bus user are supplied with energy using a variable battery voltage.
- the battery voltage is basically designed as a DC voltage, which depending on the operating state can have dips or be subject to fluctuations.
- the data exchange now takes place from the first bus user to the second bus user by means of a modulation signal superimposed on the variable battery voltage.
- the modulation signal does not have a predefined level in relation to ground, but tracks the level of the variable battery voltage in a predefined manner.
- the variable battery voltage can be used to use predefined voltage dips compared to the variable battery voltage to encode the data to be transmitted.
- a high level is defined here by subtracting a low voltage from the variable battery voltage, while a low level is represented by subtracting a higher predefined voltage from the variable battery voltage.
- the modulation signal “swims” with the variable battery voltage depending on the current level. In this way, all bus participants can be permanently supplied with the variable battery voltage, and the influences of the variable battery voltage on the position of the modulation alternating signal can also be noticed.
- the receiving bus subscribers can receive the received data by means of an AC voltage decoupling of the modulation signal with subsequent digital conversion via a comparator with variable threshold adjustment.
- the data can be created using "Manchester coding". For example, the data can be sent at up to 125 kbit/s.
- an additional voltage regulator in the transmitting (in particular master) control device for supplying the bus subscribers can be dispensed with according to the invention.
- the master works with a variable modulation voltage, for example via a control and Driver stage is obtained directly from the battery voltage.
- the actual level of the variable battery voltage is therefore not relevant for decoding the data as long as the predefined differences between the high level and low level of the modulation signal are met.
- a swing between the low and high levels can be predefined and can swim/float with the variable battery voltage.
- the battery voltage can advantageously also be filtered in order to suppress interference in the frequency range of the voltage modulation according to the invention. This does not mean that the (slowly) varying battery voltage is held constant or supported in the classical sense. In this way, a simple structure and secure communication can be provided.
- the other bus participants can have their own voltage regulators in order to generate constant operating voltages from the variable battery voltage or from the variable battery voltage modulated in the manner according to the invention.
- the present invention can be understood in particular in such a way that 0 volts is not used as the reference level for the voltage swing of the modulation signal, but rather the current voltage level of the battery voltage that varies (slowly) over time.
- a difference between the variable battery voltage (unmodulated supply voltage) and a high level of the modulated bus signal (modulation signal) can thus be kept constant over time.
- the high level of the modulation signal is thus coupled to the unmodulated signal of the supply voltage (variable battery voltage) with a fixed offset (difference).
- the difference between the high level and the low level of the modulation signal can be kept constant.
- a mean value or an operating point of the modulation range can be "suspended" with a predefined offset below the variable battery voltage.
- the middle position of the modulation signal (U m odjigh +U m odjo w) x% is tracked to a respective current level of the variable battery voltage with an offset that is fixed over time.
- all of the bus users present in the two-wire bus system can be supplied with energy from one and the same battery.
- This battery can provide the variable battery voltage.
- a sufficiently short length (in particular ⁇ 20 m) of the bus system it is ensured that all control devices receive a bus voltage that is sufficiently identical for the transmission and proper reception of the data.
- the modulation signal can be derived from the variable battery voltage, for example by means of a predefined modulation resistor.
- a predefined current for a high level is drawn through the modulation resistor in order to tap off the high level between the modulation resistor and the power source connected to the electrical ground.
- a higher predefined current is drawn through the modulation resistor by means of the current source and/or a further current source in order to tap the low level between the modulation resistor and the current source or current sources.
- the sending control unit pulls the bus voltage down either to a high level or to a low level in order to send data over the bus. Otherwise the respective power sources of the respective control unit are switched off.
- the modulation signal can preferably be generated from the variable battery voltage by means of a control stage and a driver stage. To do this, the control stage compares the target modulation voltage with the actual modulation voltage after the driver output stage and keeps the control difference small.
- this error signal is the difference between the variable battery voltage and the high level of the modulation signal due to the voltage drop in the driver output stage.
- the driver output stage as a push-pull stage, which can be implemented, for example, as unipolar transistors with a low resistance between drain and source when the transistor is switched on, or using bipolar transistors with a low residual saturation voltage, the voltage drop and thus the remaining control difference can be kept small, whereby the high - The level of the modulation signal is as high as possible.
- the two-wire bus system Due to the two-wire bus system according to the invention, no voltage regulator is required in the first bus subscriber (master). Due to the modulation principle according to the invention, the unregulated voltage level is not a problem in the modulation and demodulation of data communicated via the two-wire bus system. In this way, costs can be saved and the complexity of the first bus user/bus system can be reduced.
- a bus user is proposed for use as the first bus user in a method as described above.
- the first bus user has a two-wire bus connection for communication with the bus users and for receiving a variable battery voltage.
- the other bus users are supplied with energy by means of the first bus user and are addressed by the data modulated to the variable battery voltage.
- the first bus user is set up to track the modulation signal to a level of the variable battery voltage in a predefined manner. In other words, the high and low levels of the modulation signal “swim below the surface” with the variable battery voltage.
- a bus system which has a first bus subscriber according to the aforementioned aspect of the invention and at least one second bus subscriber which is connected to the first bus subscriber by means of a two-wire line.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a two-wire bus system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention
- Figure 2 is a voltage versus time diagram illustrating a variable
- FIG. 3 shows an enlarged section of the voltage-time diagram from FIG. 2;
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of an exemplary embodiment of a bus subscriber according to the invention with controllable current sinks
- FIG. 5 shows a schematic representation of a control stage in connection with a driver stage of the exemplary embodiment of a bus subscriber according to the invention
- FIG. 6 shows a basic circuit of an assembly in one
- Figure 7 is a flow chart illustrating steps of a
- Embodiment of an inventive method for data transmission in a two-wire bus system Embodiment of an inventive method for data transmission in a two-wire bus system.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a two-wire bus system 10 in which a first control device 1 in the form of a master is supplied with a variable battery voltage via a battery 7 .
- the first control unit 1 is set up to supply a second control unit 2, a third control unit 3 and a fourth control unit 4 from the battery 7 with the variable battery voltage and to send data to the control units 2, 3, 4 as bus users.
- the two-wire bus system 10 can be provided, for example, in a car, a transporter, a truck, an aircraft and/or water vehicle.
- the vehicle electrical system voltage can be 12 volts, 24 volts, 48 volts or even 400 volts or 800 volts.
- Part of the receiving and decoding of the voltage-modulated Manchester coding within the control units 2, 3, 4 is an AC voltage decoupling of the modulation signal with subsequent digital conversion via a comparator with variable threshold adjustment.
- the modules required for this are presented in connection with FIG.
- FIG. 2 shows a voltage-time diagram of a variable battery voltage U B att. Between 0 seconds and 0.20 ms, the variable battery voltage U Batt rises from about 7 volts to about 16.5 volts and drops again to about 7 volts after about 0.4 ms.
- a modulation signal U mod is "hung" quasi equidistantly below the variable battery voltage U Batt in the inventive manner.
- mutually corresponding low levels vary from approximately 1.5 volts at 0 seconds and high levels from 5 volts to just under 10 volts (low level) and approximately 13.5 volts (high level) in the range between 0.20ms and 0.40ms.
- a low level of the modulation signal U mod is significantly lower than a corresponding low level of the modulation signal U m0 d at a later point in time.
- a high level in a first time segment is defined to be significantly lower than a low level at a later point in time.
- all levels of the modulation signal U m0 d in a first time range are defined lower than the low and high levels in a second (later) time range (from approx. 0.2 ms).
- the voltage swing of the modulation signal U mod from a low level to an immediately following high level remains constant at approximately 3 volts over the entire time range (first to third time range).
- variable battery voltage U Batt and a high level of the Modulation signal U mod constant over time (about 3 volts).
- a difference between the variable battery voltage U Batt and a low level of the superimposed modulation signal U mod also remains constant at approximately 6 volts over time.
- FIG. 3 shows a section of the voltage-time diagram shown in FIG. 2, from which the relationships between the two voltage signals U Batt and U mod can be seen. While the filtered battery voltage U Batt appears to be constant in the period under consideration, the high level U m0d-high remains around 3 volts below U Batt . This corresponds to the voltage drop across the driver output stage U drive . In the lower value U modjow, the modulated voltage corresponds to a freely selectable voltage of, for example, U m0d-high - [0.5 volts to 2 volts]. Various voltage levels are also possible for the low level U modjow , in order to achieve even higher bit rates enable.
- a first low level corresponds to the difference from the high level reduced by 0.5 volts to a first symbol and a second low level to the difference from the high level reduced by 1 volt to a second symbol.
- the differential voltage or the modulation voltage swing can thus also advantageously be adapted to the line parameters and environmental influences of the bus in order to adapt the robustness of the data transmission for a specific two-wire line system. It should be noted that not both of the voltage curves shown are sent over the entire bus, but that the variable battery voltage U Batt is only made available to the first control unit 1, for example, which transmits the modulation signal U mod via the two-wire line to the control units 2 , 3, 4 (see Figure 1) propagated.
- Figure 4 shows a schematic representation of components for generating a variable modulation voltage on the two-wire line (bus) for example by the first bus user (master) 1.
- Three controllable variable current sinks h, l 2 and l n are set up via respective switches Si, S 2 S n and control lines 7 to be activated by a logic 8 as required for modulation. It converts the digital (Manchester-coded) data stream into a modulation stream and finally into the variable target modulation voltage U So n.
- the modulation target voltage U So n being: Usoll - UBattFilter - Rmod X iGes, where Ue attFiiter is the filtered variable battery voltage, R mod is the ohmic resistance of the modulation resistor and l G es is the total current drawn through the modulation resistor R mod by the controllable current sources.
- the voltage signal U So n is fed to a control stage (shown in FIG. 5).
- the temporal shape of the setpoint voltage swing (pulse shaping) can be adjusted if necessary. Any pulse shape (e.g. square, sine, triangle or "just" an edge deformation to reduce interference emissions) can be implemented.
- FIG. 5 shows a circuit comprising a control stage 5 and a driver stage 6 for use in a bus subscriber (master) according to the invention.
- the control stage 5 compares the target modulation voltage Usoii with the actual modulation voltage U mod after the driver output stage and keeps the control difference small.
- a small control difference remains, which results from the voltage drop in the driver stage 6.
- the driver stage 6 as a push-pull stage, for example with unipolar transistors with a low source resistance or bipolar transistors with a low residual saturation voltage, the voltage drop and thus the remaining control difference can be kept small.
- FIG. 6 shows a basic circuit of the AC voltage coupling and the subsequent digital conversion in a receiver path of a control device (in particular a slave) when only two different voltage levels (high and low) are transmitted.
- the control units 2, 3, 4 require a simple circuit structure, for example when only two voltage levels are being transmitted, in order to free the modulation voltage U mod from the average variable DC voltage component (AC voltage decoupling).
- AC voltage decoupling There is then a voltage adjustment of the 0 volt symmetrical, for example, Manchester-coded AC voltage signal to the input voltage range of the downstream comparator 11.
- the AC voltage is decoupled by a
- the filter network between the AC voltage decoupler 9 and the comparator 11 includes a low-pass filter, comprising an ohmic resistor Ri and a Capacitor Ci
- the comparator 11 is responsible for digitizing the modulation signal U mod , with its switching threshold being generated directly from the low-pass filtered modulation signal.
- the comparator outputs the digitized modulation signal U mod-digi .
- the voltage supply Us sensor of AC voltage output coupler 9 and comparator 11 is realized, for example, via the existing voltage regulator in AC voltage output coupler 9 and comparator 11 from the modulation voltage.
- FIG. 7 shows steps of an exemplary embodiment of a method according to the invention for data transmission in a two-wire bus system.
- the method includes supplying a first bus user (master) and a second bus user (slave) with a variable battery voltage.
- the battery voltage is to be understood as a DC voltage signal with a magnitude that changes (slowly) over time.
- the variable battery voltage can deviate upwards from its minimum voltage by, for example, 20%, 40%, 60% or more.
- data are transmitted from the first bus user (master) to the second bus user (slave) by a modulation signal superimposed on or written to the variable battery voltage.
- the modulation signal tracks a level of the variable battery voltage in a predefined manner.
- the modulation signal hangs equidistantly below a respective level of the variable battery voltage. While the variable battery voltage is supplied to the first bus user (master), the first bus user (master) sends the modulation signal to the second bus user and other bus users via the two-wire line.
- the invention simplifies voltage generation in the master control unit for the sensors on the bus, enables data transmission from the master control unit to the bus participants to be at least six times higher than, for example, the generation of parking sensors currently known in the state of the art, and allows uninterrupted operation of the sensors without intermediate energy storage in the bus participants during communication. This simplifies the construction and eliminates the need for hardware, which was always required in the prior art.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Cable Transmission Systems, Equalization Of Radio And Reduction Of Echo (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020237045027A KR20240014500A (ko) | 2021-05-31 | 2022-05-24 | 버스 가입자, 버스 시스템 및 2선식 버스 시스템 내 데이터 전송을 위한 방법 |
EP22732905.9A EP4348845A1 (de) | 2021-05-31 | 2022-05-24 | Busteilnehmer, bussystem und verfahren zur datenübertragung in einem zweidraht-bussystem |
CN202280039170.3A CN117461262A (zh) | 2021-05-31 | 2022-05-24 | 用于双线总线系统中的数据传输的总线参与者、总线系统和方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102021205523.0A DE102021205523A1 (de) | 2021-05-31 | 2021-05-31 | Busteilnehmer, Bussystem und Verfahren zur Datenübertragung in einem Zweidraht-Bussystem |
DE102021205523.0 | 2021-05-31 |
Publications (1)
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WO2022253630A1 true WO2022253630A1 (de) | 2022-12-08 |
Family
ID=82163529
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/EP2022/064002 WO2022253630A1 (de) | 2021-05-31 | 2022-05-24 | Busteilnehmer, bussystem und verfahren zur datenübertragung in einem zweidraht-bussystem |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP4348845A1 (de) |
KR (1) | KR20240014500A (de) |
CN (1) | CN117461262A (de) |
DE (1) | DE102021205523A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2022253630A1 (de) |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20200304172A1 (en) * | 2018-01-12 | 2020-09-24 | Hitachi Automotive Systems, Ltd. | Power line communication device, in-vehicle device and in-vehicle system |
DE102008044147B4 (de) * | 2008-10-02 | 2021-02-11 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Empfangskomparator für Signalmodulation auf Versorgungsleitung |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19503460C1 (de) | 1995-02-03 | 1996-03-07 | Daimler Benz Ag | Fehlertolerante Endstufe für ein digitales Zweileiterbus-Datenkommunikationssystem |
DE102014015308B4 (de) | 2014-10-16 | 2016-12-15 | Audi Ag | Datenkommunikation über die Versorgungsspannung eines Kraftfahrzeugs |
-
2021
- 2021-05-31 DE DE102021205523.0A patent/DE102021205523A1/de active Pending
-
2022
- 2022-05-24 CN CN202280039170.3A patent/CN117461262A/zh active Pending
- 2022-05-24 EP EP22732905.9A patent/EP4348845A1/de active Pending
- 2022-05-24 KR KR1020237045027A patent/KR20240014500A/ko unknown
- 2022-05-24 WO PCT/EP2022/064002 patent/WO2022253630A1/de active Application Filing
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102008044147B4 (de) * | 2008-10-02 | 2021-02-11 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Empfangskomparator für Signalmodulation auf Versorgungsleitung |
US20200304172A1 (en) * | 2018-01-12 | 2020-09-24 | Hitachi Automotive Systems, Ltd. | Power line communication device, in-vehicle device and in-vehicle system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN117461262A (zh) | 2024-01-26 |
EP4348845A1 (de) | 2024-04-10 |
DE102021205523A1 (de) | 2022-12-01 |
KR20240014500A (ko) | 2024-02-01 |
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