WO2022253149A1

WO2022253149A1 - Diffractive waveguide, optical assembly and electronic device

Info

Publication number: WO2022253149A1
Application number: PCT/CN2022/095811
Authority: WO
Inventors: 李民康; 周海峰; 刘力铭; 丁武文; 曾以亮
Original assignee: 华为技术有限公司
Priority date: 2021-05-31
Filing date: 2022-05-28
Publication date: 2022-12-08
Also published as: CN115480335A

Abstract

A diffractive waveguide (10), an optical assembly (100) comprising the diffractive waveguide (10), and an electronic device (1000) comprising the optical assembly (100). The diffractive waveguide (10) comprises a waveguide base body (11), and a first in-coupling grating (12), a second in-coupling grating (13), a third in-coupling grating (14), an out-coupling grating (15), a first pupil dilation grating (16) and a second pupil dilation grating (17) which are provided on the waveguide base body (11). Light passes through the first in-coupling grating (12), the second coupling-in grating (13) and the third in-coupling grating (14) and is coupled into the diffractive waveguide (10), and enters from different sides of the out-coupling grating (15), so that the uniformity of outgoing light from different positions of the out-coupling grating (15) may be improved. The light may be coupled into the diffractive waveguide (10) from the first in-coupling grating (12), the second in-coupling grating (13) and the third in-coupling grating (14) separately, and the amount of incoming light of the first in-coupling grating (12), the second in-coupling grating (13) and the third in-coupling grating (14) is controlled, so that the uniformity of outgoing light at different positions of the out-coupling grating (15) may be improved.

Description

Diffractive waveguides, optical components and electronics

This application claims the priority of a Chinese patent application with application number 202110605587.9 and application title "diffractive waveguide, optical component and electronic device" filed with the China Patent Office on May 31, 2021, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference middle.

technical field

The present application relates to the field of electronic technology, and in particular to a diffractive waveguide, an optical component including the diffractive waveguide, and an electronic device including the optical component.

Background technique

In augmented reality (virtual reality, VR) devices and mixed reality (mixed reality, MR) devices, diffractive waveguides are often used to transmit image information from optical machines to human eyes to achieve near-eye display (NED) . The diffractive waveguide generally includes an in-coupling grating and an out-coupling grating. The image signal sent by the optical machine is coupled into the diffractive waveguide through the in-coupling grating, transmitted to the out-coupling grating through the diffractive waveguide, and then coupled out to the human eye through the out-coupling grating. When human eyes observe things, they are always turning constantly. This requires that the area of the display area where the human eye is located, that is, the moving orbit (EB), be as large as possible. The size of the orbit is positively correlated with the area of the outcoupling grating, the larger the area of the outcoupling grating, the larger the orbit. Moreover, in order to have the same display effect (equal brightness, no color shift) in different orbital positions and different viewing angles, it is required to have a uniform brightness distribution in each area of the orbital area and viewing angle. Therefore, it is required that the outcoupling grating has substantially the same outgoing brightness in all directions. However, when the light is coupled out through the outcoupling grating, the outcoupling light at the position close to the incoupling grating has less reflection times and has higher energy, so the output brightness is higher; while the outcoupling grating far away from the coupling Due to the high number of reflections, the outcoupling light at the position of the grating has low energy, so the output brightness is low, which leads to the uneven brightness distribution of the outcoupling light in different regions of the outcoupling grating, so that the human eye is in different areas. Different display effects can be observed depending on the position of the orbit and different viewing angles, which will affect the consumer experience. Moreover, for consumer products, the waveguide needs to have a thin and light shape, and the thickness of the waveguide should be as small as possible. In a thin waveguide, the light needs to be reflected more times to reach the human eye, which will further lead to uneven distribution of light output brightness at different positions of the coupled out grating.

Contents of the invention

The present application provides an optical component and an electronic device, which can improve the uniformity of light output at different positions of the outcoupling grating of the diffraction waveguide, thereby ensuring that the human eye can see basically the same display effect at different orbital positions and different viewing angles .

In the first aspect, the present application provides a diffractive waveguide, which includes a waveguide base and a first in-coupling grating, a second in-coupling grating, a third in-coupling grating, an out-coupling grating, a first Pupil grating and second pupil dilating grating.

The waveguide base body includes opposite first and second surfaces; the outcoupling grating, the first pupil expanding grating and the second pupil expanding grating are located on the first surface or the second surface.

The outcoupling grating includes opposite first edges, second edges, opposite third edges and fourth edges, the third edges and the fourth edges are located between the first edges and the second edges, and the first edges and the second edges Arranged in the first direction of the diffraction waveguide, the first edge is close to the first pupil expansion grating, the second edge is close to the second pupil expansion grating; the third edge and the fourth edge are in the diffraction waveguide Arranged in the second direction, the first direction intersects the second direction; the extension direction of the first pupil expansion grating and the pupil expansion direction are the same as the extension direction of the first edge, the extension direction of the second pupil expansion direction and the pupil expansion The direction is the same as the extending direction of the second edge. Wherein, the first direction intersects with the second direction, that is, there is only one intersection point between the straight line extending along the first direction and the straight line extending along the second direction, and the first direction and the second direction may intersect perpendicularly, or other angle to intersect.

The first coupling grating is used to transmit at least part of the light transmitted to the first coupling grating to the first pupil expansion grating, and the first pupil expansion grating is used to transmit at least part of the light transmitted to the first pupil expansion grating. At least part of the light from the pupil grating expands along the pupil expansion direction of the first pupil expansion grating, and transmits at least part of the light from the side of the outcoupling grating close to the first edge to the outcoupling grating; The second in-coupling grating is used to transmit at least part of the light transmitted to the second in-coupling grating to the second pupil expansion grating, and the second pupil expansion grating is used to transmit the light of the second pupil expansion grating to At least part of the light expands along the pupil expansion direction of the second pupil expansion grating, and transmits at least part of the light from the side of the outcoupling grating close to the second edge to the outcoupling grating, and then passes through the outcoupling grating Outcoupling grating output; the third incoupling grating is used to transmit at least part of the light transmitted to the third incoupling grating from the side of the outcoupling grating close to the third edge to the outcoupling grating grating; the outcoupling grating is used to expand and exit at least part of the light transmitted to the outcoupling grating in the outcoupling grating.

In the embodiment of the present application, at least part of the light coupled into the diffraction waveguide by the first in-coupling grating is transmitted to the first pupil expansion grating, and transmitted to the coupling from the side of the out-coupling grating close to the first edge through the first pupil expansion grating. out of the grating, and then through the coupling out of the grating. At least part of the light coupled into the diffraction waveguide by the second in-coupling grating is transmitted to the second pupil expansion grating, and is transmitted to the out-coupling grating from the side close to the second edge of the out-coupling grating through the second pupil expansion grating, and then passed through the out-coupling grating. exit grating. At least part of the light coupled into the diffraction waveguide by the third in-coupling grating is transmitted from the side of the out-coupling grating close to the third edge to the out-coupling grating, and then exits through the out-coupling grating. That is, in the embodiment of the present application, the light can at least enter the light from the first edge, the second edge and the third edge of the grating. Light enters from different sides of the grating, which can avoid the problem of low brightness of the outgoing light due to the high number of reflections of the outgoing light far away from the light-incoming side, thereby ensuring uniform light output from different positions of the grating, ensuring people The eye has the same display effect at different orbital positions and different viewing angles. Moreover, in the embodiment of the present application, the light can be respectively coupled into the diffraction waveguide from the first coupling grating, the second coupling grating and the third coupling grating, by controlling the first coupling grating, the second coupling grating and the The amount of light coupled into and out of the third grating can control the amount of light coupled into and out of the grating from different positions, so as to further improve the uniformity of light output from different positions of the grating.

Moreover, in the embodiment of the present application, the extension direction of the first pupil expansion grating and the pupil expansion direction are the same as the extension direction of the first edge, so the light emitted from the first pupil expansion grating can be transmitted to the coupling from different positions of the first edge. The grating is used to further improve the uniformity of the incoming light at different positions of the coupled out grating, thereby improving the uniformity of the outgoing light at different positions of the coupled out grating. The extension direction of the second pupil expansion direction and the pupil expansion direction are the same as the extension direction of the second edge, so the light emitted from the second pupil expansion grating can be transmitted to the outcoupling grating from different positions on the second edge, further improving the outcoupling The uniformity of light incident at different positions of the grating, thereby improving the uniformity of light output at different positions of the grating.

In some embodiments of the present application, the first pupil expansion grating and the outcoupling grating are located on the same surface of the waveguide substrate. Specifically, both the first pupil expansion grating and the outcoupling grating may be located on the first surface or the second surface of the waveguide substrate. At this time, the first pupil expansion grating is located on a side of the first edge away from the second edge, so that the outgoing light from the first pupil expansion grating can be transmitted from the first edge to the outcoupling grating.

In some embodiments of the present application, the first pupil expansion grating and the outcoupling grating are located on different surfaces of the waveguide substrate. Specifically, in some implementation manners, the first pupil expansion grating is located on the second surface of the waveguide base, and the outcoupling grating is located on the first surface of the waveguide base. Alternatively, in some other implementation manners, the first pupil expansion grating may also be located on the first surface of the waveguide base, and the outcoupling grating is located on the second surface of the waveguide base. At this time, the orthographic projection of the first pupil expanding grating on the surface where the outcoupling grating is located is located on the side of the first edge away from the second edge, or at least part of the orthographic projection of the first pupil expanding grating on the surface where the outcoupling grating is located is at least part of the outcoupling grating. The gratings are overlapped, so that the outgoing light of the first pupil expanding grating can enter the outcoupling grating from the first edge of the outcoupling grating or a region of the outcoupling grating close to the first edge. And, when at least part of the orthographic projection of the first pupil expanding grating on the surface where the outcoupling grating is located overlaps with the outcoupling grating, compared to the first pupil expanding grating or the orthographic projection of the first pupil expanding grating on the surface where the outcoupling grating is located For the solution located on the side of the first edge away from the second edge, in the case of the same size of the outcoupling grating, the size of the first direction of the diffractive waveguide can be smaller, so that the diffractive waveguide can be more suitable for miniaturized in electronic equipment.

In some embodiments of the present application, the second pupil expansion grating and the outcoupling grating are located on the same surface of the waveguide base, that is, both the second pupil expansion grating and the outcoupling grating are located on the first surface or the second surface of the waveguide base. At this time, the second pupil expansion grating is located on a side of the second edge away from the first edge, so that the outgoing light from the second pupil expansion grating can be transmitted from the second edge to the outcoupling grating.

In some embodiments of the present application, the second pupil expansion grating and the outcoupling grating are located on different surfaces of the waveguide substrate. Specifically, in some embodiments, the second pupil expansion grating is located on the first surface of the waveguide base, and the outcoupling grating is located on the second surface of the waveguide base. In some other embodiments of the present application, the second pupil expansion grating may also be located on the second surface of the waveguide base, and the outcoupling grating is located on the first surface of the waveguide base. At this time, the orthographic projection of the second pupil expansion grating on the surface where the outcoupling grating is located is located on the side of the second edge away from the first edge, or at least part of the orthographic projection of the second pupil expansion grating on the surface where the outcoupling grating is located is at least part of the outcoupling grating. The gratings are overlapped, so that the outgoing light of the second pupil expanding grating can enter the outcoupling grating from the second edge of the outcoupling grating or a region of the outcoupling grating close to the second edge. And, when at least part of the orthographic projection of the second pupil expanding grating on the surface where the outcoupling grating is located overlaps with the outcoupling grating, compared to the second pupil expanding grating or the orthographic projection of the second pupil expanding grating on the surface where the outcoupling grating is located For the solution that is located on the side of the second edge away from the first edge, in the case of the same size of the outcoupling grating, the size of the first direction of the diffractive waveguide can be smaller, so that the diffractive waveguide can be more suitable for miniaturized in electronic equipment.

In some embodiments of the present application, the first coupling grating and the first pupil expansion grating are located on the same surface of the waveguide base, that is, both the first coupling grating and the first pupil expansion grating are located on the first surface or the second surface of the waveguide base. At this time, the first coupling grating is located in the extension direction of the first pupil expansion grating, so that the light coupled out by the first coupling grating can enter from one end of the first pupil expansion grating, and then pass through the expansion of the first pupil expansion grating to thereby All positions in the extension direction of the first pupil expansion grating can have light exit, and then light can be incident at different positions on the first edge, so as to improve the light uniformity of the outcoupling grating, and then improve the output of the outcoupling grating. Light uniformity at different positions.

In some embodiments of the present application, the first coupling grating and the first pupil expanding grating are located on different surfaces of the waveguide substrate. Specifically, in some embodiments, the first coupling grating is located on the first surface of the waveguide base, and the first pupil expanding grating is located on the second surface of the waveguide base. In some other embodiments of the present application, the first coupling grating may also be located on the second surface of the waveguide base, and the first pupil expanding grating is located on the first surface of the waveguide base. At this time, the orthographic projection of the first coupling grating on the surface where the first pupil expansion grating is located is located in the extension direction of the first pupil expansion grating, or the orthographic projection of the first coupling grating on the surface where the first pupil expansion grating is located is at least A part overlaps with the first pupil expanding grating, so that the light coupled out by the first coupling grating can be incident from one end of the first pupil expanding grating. And, when the orthographic projection of the first incoupling grating on the surface where the first pupil expansion grating is located at least partly coincides with the first pupil expansion grating, compared with the first incoupling grating or the first incoupling grating at the first pupil expansion For the solution that the orthographic projection on the surface where the grating is located is located in the extension direction of the first pupil expanding grating, the size of the diffraction grating in the second direction can be smaller, so that the diffraction waveguide can be more suitable for miniaturized electronic devices.

In some embodiments of the present application, the second incoupling grating and the second pupil expansion grating are located on the same surface of the waveguide base, that is, both the second incoupling grating and the second pupil expansion grating are located on the first surface or the second surface of the waveguide base. At this time, the second in-coupling grating is located in the extension direction of the second pupil-expanding grating, so that the light coupled out by the second in-coupling grating can enter from one end of the second pupil-expanding grating, and then pass through the expansion of the second pupil-expanding grating to thereby All positions in the extension direction of the second pupil expansion grating can have light exit, and then light can be incident at different positions on the second edge, so as to improve the light uniformity of the outcoupling grating, and then improve the output of the outcoupling grating. Light uniformity at different positions.

In some embodiments of the present application, the second coupling grating and the second pupil expansion grating are located on different surfaces of the waveguide base. Specifically, in some embodiments, the second coupling grating is located on the first surface of the waveguide base, and the second pupil expanding grating is located on the second surface of the waveguide base. In some other embodiments of the present application, the second coupling grating may also be located on the second surface of the waveguide base, and the second pupil expanding grating is located on the first surface of the waveguide base. At this time, the orthographic projection of the second coupling grating on the surface where the second pupil expansion grating is located is located in the extension direction of the second pupil expansion grating, or the orthographic projection of the second coupling grating on the surface where the second pupil expansion grating is located is at least A part overlaps with the second pupil expanding grating, so that the light coupled out by the second coupling grating can be incident from one end of the second pupil expanding grating. And, when the orthographic projection of the second incoupling grating on the surface where the second pupil expansion grating is located at least partly overlaps with the second pupil expansion grating, compared with the second incoupling grating or the second incoupling grating at the second pupil expansion For the solution that the orthographic projection on the surface where the grating is located is located in the extension direction of the second pupil expanding grating, the size of the diffraction grating in the second direction can be smaller, so that the diffraction waveguide can be more suitable for miniaturized electronic devices.

In some embodiments of the present application, the third incoupling grating and the outcoupling grating are located on the same surface of the waveguide substrate, that is, both the third incoupling grating and the outcoupling grating are located on the first surface or the second surface of the waveguide substrate. At this time, the third incoupling grating is located on the side of the third edge away from the fourth edge, or the third incoupling grating is located on the side of the fourth edge away from the third edge, so that the light coupled out by the third incoupling grating can be The third edge or the fourth edge of the outcoupling grating is incident to the outcoupling grating, which is different from the position of the first pupil expansion grating and the second pupil expansion grating, which is coupled into the outcoupling grating, so that the different sides of the outcoupling grating Both can have light incident, so as to improve the light uniformity of the outcoupling grating, and then improve the light output uniformity of different positions of the outcoupling grating.

In some embodiments of the present application, the third incoupling grating and the outcoupling grating are located on different surfaces of the waveguide substrate. Specifically, in some implementation manners, the third incoupling grating is located on the first surface of the waveguide base, and the outcoupling grating is located on the second surface of the waveguide base. In some other embodiments of the present application, the third incoupling grating may also be located on the second surface of the waveguide base, and the outcoupling grating is located on the first surface of the waveguide base. At this time, the orthographic projection of the third in-coupling grating on the surface where the out-coupling grating is located is located on the side where the third edge is away from the fourth edge or the side where the fourth edge is away from the third edge, or the third in-coupling grating is on the side of the out-coupling grating The orthographic projection of the surface where the grating is located is at least partly located at the outcoupling grating and close to the third edge or close to the fourth edge, so that the light coupled out of the third incoupling grating can pass from the end of the outcoupling grating close to the third edge or near the fourth edge One end is incident to the outcoupling grating. Moreover, when the orthographic projection of the third incoupling grating on the surface where the outcoupling grating is located is at least partly located on the outcoupling grating, compared with the third incoupling grating or the orthographic projection of the third incoupling grating on the surface where the outcoupling grating is located on the third For the solution where the edge is away from the fourth edge or the fourth edge is away from the third edge, the size of the diffraction grating in the second direction can be smaller, so that the diffraction waveguide can be more suitable for miniaturized electronic devices middle.

In some embodiments of the present application, the diffractive waveguide further includes a fourth in-coupling grating, and the fourth in-coupling grating and the out-coupling grating are located on the same surface of the waveguide substrate, that is, both the fourth in-coupling grating and the out-coupling grating are located on the first surface of the waveguide substrate. surface or second surface. At this time, the fourth coupling grating is located on a side of the third edge away from the fourth edge, or the fourth coupling grating is located on a side of the fourth edge away from the third edge. By adding the fourth incoupling grating, it is possible to increase the incident light of the outcoupling grating from the third edge or the fourth edge side, thereby further improving the uniformity of the incident light from different sides of the outcoupling grating. In some embodiments of the present application, the third in-coupling grating and the fourth in-coupling grating are respectively located on both sides of the out-coupling grating, so as to further improve the uniformity of light incident from different sides of the out-coupling grating.

In some embodiments of the present application, the diffractive waveguide further includes a fourth in-coupling grating, and the fourth in-coupling grating and the out-coupling grating are located on different surfaces of the waveguide substrate. Specifically, in some implementation manners, the fourth incoupling grating is located on the first surface of the waveguide base, and the outcoupling grating is located on the second surface of the waveguide base. In some other embodiments of the present application, the fourth incoupling grating may also be located on the second surface of the waveguide base, and the outcoupling grating is located on the first surface of the waveguide base. At this time, the orthographic projection of the fourth in-coupling grating on the surface where the out-coupling grating is located is located on the side of the third edge away from the fourth edge or on the side of the fourth edge away from the third edge, or the fourth in-coupling grating is on the side of the out-coupling grating The orthographic projection of the surface on which the grating is located is at least partially located at the outcoupling grating and close to the third edge or close to the fourth edge. By adding the fourth incoupling grating, it is possible to increase the incident light at the position close to the third edge or the fourth edge of the outcoupling grating, thereby further improving the uniformity of the incident light from different sides of the outcoupling grating. In some embodiments of the present application, the third in-coupling grating and the fourth in-coupling grating are respectively located on both sides of the out-coupling grating, so as to further improve the uniformity of incoming light from different sides of the out-coupling grating. Moreover, in this embodiment, when the orthographic projection of the fourth in-coupling grating on the surface where the out-coupling grating is located is at least partially located at the out-coupling grating and close to the third edge or close to the fourth edge, relative to the fourth in-coupling grating or the fourth out-coupling grating For the solution that the orthographic projection of the input grating on the surface where the outcoupling grating is located is located on the side of the third edge away from the fourth edge or the side of the fourth edge away from the third edge, the size of the diffraction waveguide in the second direction can be smaller, Therefore, the diffractive waveguide can be more suitable for miniaturized electronic equipment.

In some embodiments of the present application, the outcoupling grating is a two-dimensional grating, and the outcoupling grating expands the light transmitted therein in the first direction and the second direction, and the outcoupling grating includes first grooves arranged in an array and array rows. For the second groove of the cloth, the extending direction of the first groove intersects with the extending direction of the second groove. In this embodiment, the outcoupling grating is a two-dimensional grating, which can expand the light transmitted to the outcoupling grating in the first direction and the second direction, so that each position of the outcoupling grating can have relatively uniform light output.

In some embodiments of the present application, the first pupil expansion grating and the second pupil expansion grating are both one-dimensional gratings, and the first pupil expansion grating and the second pupil expansion grating expand the light transmitted therein in the second direction; the first The pupil expansion grating includes third grooves arranged in an array, the second pupil expansion grating includes fourth grooves arranged in an array in the second direction, the third grooves are parallel to the first grooves, and the fourth grooves are parallel to the first grooves. The two grooves are parallel. Both the first pupil expansion grating and the second pupil expansion grating are one-dimensional gratings, and the first pupil expansion grating and the second pupil expansion grating expand the light transmitted therein in the second direction, so that the first pupil expansion grating and the second pupil expansion grating Each position in the extension direction of the second pupil expansion grating can have relatively uniform light output, thereby making the light transmitted to each position of the first edge through the first pupil expansion grating relatively uniform, so that the second pupil expansion grating is transmitted to the first edge. The light at each position of the two edges is relatively uniform.

In some embodiments of the present application, the depth of the third groove gradually increases in a direction away from the first coupling grating; and the depth of the fourth groove gradually increases in a direction away from the second coupling grating. When the depth of the third groove remains constant, the number of reflections of the light at the position far away from the first coupling-in grating in the first pupil expansion grating will be more, so the light output intensity will be higher at the position farther away from the first coupling-in grating. weak. The greater the depth of the third groove, the higher the intensity of the light transmitted to the position of the third groove. Therefore, in this embodiment, by making the depth of the third groove of the first pupil expanding grating farther from the first coupling Gradual increase in the direction of the entrance grating can make the light output from each position in the extension direction of the first pupil expansion grating more uniform, thereby ensuring that the incident light from each position of the first edge of the outcoupling grating can be more uniform , thereby improving the light uniformity of the outcoupling grating. Similarly, when the depth of the fourth groove is always kept constant, the number of reflections of the light at the position away from the second in-coupling grating in the second pupil expansion grating is more, so the light is emitted at a position farther away from the second in-coupling grating. The strength will be weaker. The greater the depth of the fourth groove, the higher the light intensity of the light transmitted to the position of the fourth groove. Therefore, in this embodiment, by making the depth of the fourth groove of the second pupil expanding grating farther from the second coupling Gradual increase in the direction of the entrance grating can make the light output from each position in the extension direction of the second pupil expansion grating more uniform, thereby ensuring that the incident light from each position of the second edge of the outcoupling grating can be more uniform , thereby improving the light uniformity of the outcoupling grating.

In some embodiments of the present application, in a direction away from the third coupling-in grating, the depths of the first groove and the second groove gradually increase. When the depths of the first groove and the second groove remain constant, the number of reflections of the light rays that are far away from the third coupling grating in the outcoupling grating undergoes more reflections, so the farther away from the third coupling grating The light intensity will be weaker. Since the greater the depth of the groove, the higher the light intensity of the light transmitted to the groove position, therefore, in this embodiment, by making the depth of the first groove and the second groove in the direction away from the third coupling grating Gradually increasing, can make the output of light at each position of the outcoupling grating more uniform, avoiding that the output light at the position where the outcoupling grating is far away from the third coupling grating is weaker than the output light at the position where the outcoupling grating is close to the third coupling grating problem arises.

In some embodiments of the present application, the acute angles between the first groove and the second groove and the first direction are both 15° to 75°, so that the outcoupling grating can realize two-way coupling of the light coupled into it. dimension expansion. Moreover, since the third groove is parallel to the first groove, and the second groove is parallel to the fourth groove, it can be ensured that the output grating from the first pupil expanding grating can be transmitted to the first edge of the outcoupling grating. The exit grating of the two pupil expansion gratings can be transmitted to the second edge of the outcoupling grating.

In some embodiments of the present application, the first coupling grating, the second coupling grating, and the third coupling grating are all one-dimensional gratings, and the first coupling grating, the second coupling grating, and the third coupling grating can be better The external light is coupled into the diffraction waveguide, and the light coupled in from the first coupling grating can be transmitted to the first pupil expanding grating, and the light coupled in from the second coupling grating can be transmitted to the second pupil expanding grating, Light coupled in from the third in-coupling grating can be transmitted to the out-coupling grating.

In some embodiments of the present application, the first coupling grating, the second coupling grating, and the third coupling grating all include grooves arranged in an array, and the extending direction of the grooves is the first direction, so that the first coupling grating , the second coupling grating, and the third coupling grating can expand the light transmitted therein in the second direction.

In some embodiments of the present application, the size of the first pupil expansion grating in the second direction is greater than or equal to the size of the first edge in the second direction, so that the exit light of the first pupil expansion grating can be uniformly transmitted to the first edge of each location. The size of the second pupil expansion grating in the second direction is greater than or equal to the size of the second edge in the second direction, so that the exit light of the second pupil expansion grating can be uniformly transmitted to each position of the second edge.

In some embodiments of the present application, one end of the first pupil expansion grating in the second direction is flush with the third edge or exceeds the third edge; the other end of the first pupil expansion grating in the second direction is flush with the fourth edge or beyond the fourth edge. Thereby, each position of the first edge of the outcoupling grating can have light incident uniformly, further improving the uniformity of light incident at different positions of the outcoupling grating, and further improving the uniformity of light output from different positions of the outcoupling grating.

One end of the second pupil expansion grating in the second direction is equal to or exceeds the third edge; the other end of the second pupil expansion grating in the second direction is equal to or exceeds the fourth edge. Thereby, each position of the second edge of the outcoupling grating can have light incident uniformly, thereby ensuring that each position of the second edge of the outcoupling grating can have uniform light incident, further improving the uniformity of incident light at different positions of the outcoupling grating performance, thereby improving the uniformity of light output from different positions of the coupling grating.

In a second aspect, the present application further provides an optical assembly, which includes an optical machine, a first refraction portion, a second refraction portion, a third refraction portion, and the above-mentioned diffractive waveguide. Wherein, the first refraction part includes the first refraction member and the first vibrating mirror, the second refraction part includes the second refraction member and the second vibrating mirror, the third refraction part includes the third refraction member and the third vibrating mirror; to send light. The reflective surface of the first oscillating mirror faces the first coupling grating and the first refraction element, and the reflection surface of the first oscillating mirror forms an included angle with the first coupling grating and the first refraction part, and the first refraction element is used to transmit At least part of the light that reaches the first deflector is reflected to the first oscillating mirror, and the first oscillating mirror is used to reflect the light transmitted to the first oscillating mirror to the first coupling grating. The reflective surface of the second oscillating mirror faces the second coupling grating and the second refraction part, and the reflective surface of the second oscillating mirror forms an included angle with the second coupling grating and the second refraction member, and the second refraction member is used to transmit At least part of the light that reaches the second deflector is reflected to the second oscillating mirror, and the second oscillating mirror is used to reflect the light transmitted to the second oscillating mirror to the second coupling grating. The reflective surface of the third oscillating mirror faces the third coupling grating and the third refraction element, and the reflection surface of the third oscillating mirror forms an included angle with the third coupling grating and the third refraction element, and the third refraction element is used to transmit At least part of the light that reaches the third refracting member is reflected to the third oscillating mirror, and the third oscillating mirror is used to reflect the light transmitted to the second oscillating mirror to the third coupling grating. In the embodiment of the present application, light is emitted by the optical machine, part of the light emitted by the optical machine is transmitted to the first coupling grating through the first refraction part, and part of the light emitted by the optical machine is transmitted to the second coupling grating through the second refraction part. The in-coupling grating transmits part of the light emitted by the optical machine to the third in-coupling grating through the third refraction part. Moreover, in this embodiment, by adjusting the first refraction portion, the second refraction portion, and the third refraction portion, the intensity of the light transmitted to the first coupling grating, the second coupling grating, and the third coupling grating can be controlled, Therefore, the intensity of the light transmitted to different positions of the grating is controlled, thereby effectively controlling the uniformity of the light coupled from different positions of the grating.

In some embodiments of the present application, the first oscillating mirror and the first coupling grating are located on the same side of the waveguide substrate, and the first refractive element and the first coupling grating are located on the same side or different sides of the waveguide substrate, so as to pass through the first refractive element. Cooperating with the first vibrating mirror, the light is transmitted to the first coupling grating. The second oscillating mirror and the second coupling grating are located on the same side of the waveguide substrate, and the second refraction member and the second coupling grating are located on the same side or different sides of the waveguide substrate, so as to pass the cooperation between the second refraction member and the second oscillating mirror Transmit light to a second incoupling grating. The third oscillating mirror and the third coupling grating are located on the same side of the waveguide substrate, and the third refracting member and the third coupling grating are located on the same side or different sides of the waveguide substrate, so that through the cooperation of the third refracting member and the third vibrating mirror Transmit light to a third incoupling grating.

In some embodiments of the present application, at least one of the first refraction member, the second refraction member and the third refraction member is a beam splitter, part of the light transmitted to the beam splitter passes through and continues to be transmitted to another refraction member, and the other part The light is reflected by the beam splitter and transmitted to the vibrating mirror corresponding to the beam splitter. The light emitted by the optical machine is divided into different beams and transmitted in different directions through the beam splitter, so as to ensure that part of the light emitted by the optical machine can be transmitted to the first coupling grating, part of the light can be transmitted to the second coupling grating, and part of the light can be transmitted to the second coupling grating. Light can be transmitted to a third incoupling grating.

In some embodiments of the present application, the optical machine, the first refraction element, the third refraction element, and the second refraction element are sequentially arranged in the first direction; The light is transmitted to the first refraction member, and the first refraction member is used to transmit part of the light transmitted to the first refraction member to the third refraction member, and the other part of the light is transmitted to the first vibrating mirror The third refraction member is used to transmit part of the light transmitted to the third refraction member to the second refraction member, and the other part of the light is transmitted to the third vibrating mirror; the second refraction member is used for At least part of the light transmitted to the second refraction member is transmitted to the second vibrating mirror.

In some embodiments of the present application, the optical assembly further includes at least one optical part, at least one optical part is located on the optical path from the optical machine to the first refraction part, the second refraction part or the third refraction part, and the light emitted by the optical machine passes through the optical part After being reflected or split, the beam enters the first refraction member, the second refraction member or the third refraction member. The transmission direction of the light is changed by at least one optical element, so as to ensure that part of the light emitted by the optical machine can be transmitted to the first coupling grating, part of the light can be transmitted to the second coupling grating, and part of the light can be transmitted to the third coupling grating.

The optical element includes a first optical element and a second optical element, and the optical machine, the first optical element, the first refraction element, and the second refraction element are sequentially arranged in the first direction , the second optical element and the third refractive element are also arranged sequentially in the first direction, and the first optical element and the second optical element are arranged in the second direction; The optical machine is used to transmit the emitted light to the first optical component, and the first optical component is used to transmit part of the light transmitted to the first optical component to the first refracting component, and the other part The light is transmitted to the second optical element; the first refraction element is used to transmit part of the light transmitted to the first refraction element to the second refraction element, and the other part of the light is transmitted to the first oscillating mirror ; the second refraction member is used to transmit at least part of the light transmitted to the second refraction member to the second vibrating mirror; the second optical member is used to transmit at least part of the light transmitted to the second optical member Part of the light is transmitted to the third refraction element; the third refraction element is used to transmit at least part of the light transmitted to the third refraction element to the third vibrating mirror.

In a third aspect, the present application further provides an electronic device, which includes a structural component and the above-mentioned optical component, and the optical component is installed on the structural component. Since the outcoupling grating of the optical component can have uniform light output, when the user uses the electronic device, it can be guaranteed that the user's eyes can see basically the same display effect at different orbital positions and different viewing angles.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device of the present application.

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical assembly according to a first embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a diffraction waveguide of the optical component shown in FIG. 2 .

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the light transmission side of the diffraction waveguide of the optical component shown in FIG. 2 .

FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the diffraction waveguide in FIG. 3 cut along position I-I.

FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along II-II of the first coupling grating in FIG. 3 .

Fig. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the first pupil expansion grating cut along position III-III in Fig. 3 according to some embodiments of the present application.

FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the first pupil expansion grating cut along position III-III in FIG. 3 according to another embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical assembly according to a second embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 10 is a structural schematic diagram of another viewing angle of the optical assembly shown in FIG. 9 .

FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical assembly according to a third embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a diffraction waveguide of the optical component shown in FIG. 11 .

FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical assembly according to a fourth embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a diffraction waveguide of the optical component shown in FIG. 13 .

FIG. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical assembly according to a fifth embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 16 is a structural schematic diagram of another viewing angle of the optical assembly of the embodiment shown in FIG. 15 .

FIG. 17 is a schematic structural view of a diffraction waveguide of the optical component shown in FIG. 15 in one direction.

FIG. 18 is a structural schematic diagram of another direction of the diffraction waveguide of the optical component shown in FIG. 15 .

FIG. 19 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical assembly according to a sixth embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 20 is a structural schematic view of another viewing angle of the optical assembly of the embodiment shown in FIG. 19 .

FIG. 21 is a schematic structural view of a diffraction waveguide of the optical component shown in FIG. 19 in one direction.

FIG. 22 is a structural schematic diagram of another direction of the diffraction waveguide of the optical component shown in FIG. 19 .

FIG. 23 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical assembly according to a seventh embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 24 is a structural schematic view of another viewing angle of the optical assembly of the embodiment shown in FIG. 23 .

FIG. 25 is a structural schematic diagram of one direction of the diffraction waveguide of the optical component shown in FIG. 23 .

FIG. 26 is a structural schematic diagram of another direction of the diffraction waveguide of the optical component shown in FIG. 23 .

FIG. 27 is a schematic structural diagram of another direction of the diffraction waveguide of the optical component according to another embodiment of the present application.

Detailed ways

The following embodiments of the present application provide an electronic device, which may include but not limited to an augmented reality (virtual reality, VR) device or a mixed reality (mixed reality, MR) device. Its specific forms include but are not limited to forms such as smart glasses and head-mounted devices. In the present application, the electronic device of the present application is described by taking the electronic device as AR smart glasses as an example.

Please refer to FIG. 1 , which is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device 1000 of the present application. In this embodiment, the electronic device 1000 is AR smart glasses. In this embodiment, the electronic device 1000 may include a structural component 200 and an optical component 100 .

The structural member 200 is used for fixing, supporting and containing the optical assembly 100 . In this embodiment, the structural member 200 may include a mirror frame 201 and temples 202 . When the user wears the electronic device 1000, the spectacle frame 201 is located in front of the user's eyes, and the temples 202 are placed on the user's ears. The above-mentioned structure of the structural member 200 is only an example, and can be designed according to requirements in other embodiments. Please refer to FIG. 2 , which is a schematic structural diagram of an optical component 100 according to a first embodiment of the present application. In this embodiment, the optical component 100 includes a diffractive waveguide 10 , a first refraction portion 20 , a second refraction portion 30 , a third refraction portion 40 and an optical machine 50 . In some embodiments of the present application, the edge of the diffractive waveguide 10 can be fixed in the mirror frame 201, and the diffractive waveguide 10 can be used as a "lens" of the smart glasses 1000, which can display images and pass through external light so that the human eye can see external environment. The first refraction part 20, the second refraction part 30, the third refraction part 40 and the light engine 50 can be accommodated in the frame 201 and/or the temple 202 of the smart glasses 1000. For example, in the embodiment of the present application, the first refraction portion 20, the second refraction portion 30, and the third refraction portion 40 are all set corresponding to the edges of the diffractive waveguide 10, that is, the first refraction portion 20, the second refraction portion 30, the third refraction portion The orthographic projections of the refraction parts 40 on the diffractive waveguide 10 are located at the edge of the diffractive waveguide 10, so that when the edge of the diffractive waveguide 10 is accommodated in the frame 201, the first refraction part 20, the second refraction part 30, and the third refraction part 40 are also accommodated in the mirror frame 201, so as not to block the light incident on the human eye through the diffraction waveguide 10 from the outside. In this embodiment, the optical machine 50 can also be accommodated in the mirror frame 201 for emitting light to the first refraction part 20 , the second refraction part 30 and the third refraction part 40 . The first refraction part 20, the second refraction part 30, and the third refraction part 40 can split the light emitted by the optical machine 50 and change the transmission direction of different beams after splitting, so that different beams are transmitted from different positions to the diffracted waveguide 10, so that light can be transmitted to the diffraction waveguide 10 from different positions, that is, the light transmitted to the diffraction waveguide 10 is more uniform than when it is diffracted into the diffraction waveguide 10 from the same position, thereby improving the light output from the diffraction waveguide 10 uniformity.

It can be understood that the installation position of the above-mentioned optical component 100 in the smart glasses 1000 is only an example, and is not a limitation to this embodiment. For example, in some implementations, the optical machine 50 can be accommodated in the temple 202 of the smart glasses 1000 .

In this application, in order to describe the optical component 100 , the first direction, the second direction and the third direction of the optical component 13 are defined. Wherein, the first direction is the X-axis direction shown in FIG. 2, which is roughly the longitudinal direction of the diffractive waveguide 10, wherein the positive direction of the X-axis is the positive direction of the first direction, and the negative direction of the X-axis is the negative direction of the first direction. The second direction is the Y-axis direction in Fig. 2, which is roughly the height direction of the diffraction waveguide 10, wherein the positive direction of the Y-axis is the positive direction of the second direction, and the negative direction of the Y-axis is the negative direction of the second direction; the third direction is the Z-axis direction in FIG. 2 , roughly the thickness direction of the diffractive waveguide 10 , wherein the positive direction of the Z-axis is the positive direction of the third direction, and the negative direction of the Z-axis is the negative direction of the third direction. The first direction, the second direction and the third direction are orthogonal to each other. The first direction Z may include two directions on the coordinate axis Z, and the second direction X may include two directions on the coordinate axis X. Please refer to FIG. 3 , which is a schematic structural diagram of the diffraction waveguide 10 of the optical component 100 shown in FIG. 2 . In this embodiment, the diffractive waveguide 10 includes a waveguide base 11 and a first in-coupling grating 12, a second in-coupling grating 13, a third in-coupling grating 14, an out-coupling grating 15, a first pupil expanding The grating 16 and the second pupil expanding grating 17.

The waveguide substrate 11 includes a first surface 11a and a second surface 11b opposite to each other. In this embodiment, the first coupling grating 12, the second coupling grating 13, the third coupling grating 14, the coupling out grating 15, the first pupil expanding grating 16 and the second pupil expanding grating 17 are all located on the first surface 11a . It can be understood that, in some other embodiments of the present application, the output coupling grating 15, the first pupil expansion grating 16 and the second pupil expansion grating 17, the first coupling grating 12, the second coupling grating 13, the third coupling grating Both input gratings 14 can be located on the first surface 11a or the second surface 11b.

Please refer to Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, Fig. 4 shows the schematic diagram of the light transmission side of the diffraction waveguide 10 of the optical component 100 shown in Fig. 2, and Fig. 5 shows that the diffractive waveguide 10 in Fig. 3 is cut along the position I-I Sectional schematic. The direction of the arrow shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 is the main transmission direction of light.

Please refer to FIG. 5 , in this application, at least part of the light coupled into the diffractive waveguide 10 can be totally reflected between the first surface 11a and the second surface 11b of the waveguide substrate 11, so as to realize the complete reflection of the light in the diffractive waveguide 10. transmission. In this application, light can be coupled into the diffraction waveguide 10 through the first coupling grating 12 , the second coupling grating 13 and the third coupling grating 14 . The light that is coupled into the diffraction waveguide 10 from the first in-coupling grating 12 can be transmitted to the first pupil expansion grating 16 in the diffraction waveguide 10, and then transmitted to the out-coupling grating 15 through the first pupil expansion grating 16, and is coupled out The grating 15 emits light; the light coupled into the diffraction waveguide 10 from the second in-coupling grating 13 can be transmitted to the second pupil expansion grating 17 in the diffraction waveguide 10, and then transmitted to the outcoupling grating 15 through the second pupil expansion grating 17, And the light is output through the outcoupling grating 15; the light coupled into the diffraction waveguide 10 from the third incoupling grating 14 can be transmitted to the outcoupling grating 15 in the diffraction waveguide 10, and the light can be output through the outcoupling grating 15. The light coupled out of the grating 15 can be transmitted to human eyes after exiting, thereby realizing near-eye display. In this embodiment, the light beam emitted by the optical machine 50 can enter the outcoupling grating 15 through different positions and output the light through the outcoupling grating 15 . When the light beam enters the outcoupling grating 15 from a single position, since the outgoing light has more reflection times in the diffraction waveguide 10 in the area far away from the in-coupling position than in the area close to the in-coupling position, the light energy will be Weaker, so that the light intensity of the outgoing light far away from the in-coupling position is weaker than that of the outgoing light near the in-coupling position. In the embodiment of the present application, by allowing light to enter the outcoupling grating 15 from different positions, the uniformity of light entering at different positions of the outcoupling grating 115 is improved, thereby improving the uniformity of light output at different positions of the outcoupling grating 15 .

Please refer to FIG. 4 , in this embodiment, the first coupling grating 12 , the second coupling grating 13 and the third coupling grating 14 are all one-dimensional gratings. It can be understood that, in other embodiments of the present application, the first coupling grating 12 , the second coupling grating 13 and the third coupling grating 14 may also be two-dimensional gratings. In this embodiment, due to the diffraction characteristics of the grating, the light incident on the first coupling grating 12 will be diffracted and split, and the diffraction-order light can be coupled into the diffractive waveguide 10 and transmitted through the waveguide substrate 11 to the first pupil expansion grating 16; the light incident to the second coupling grating 13 is diffracted and split, and the diffraction-first-order light can be coupled into the diffraction waveguide 10 and transmitted to the second pupil expansion grating through the waveguide substrate 11 17 : Diffraction and splitting occur on the light incident to the third in-coupling grating 14 , and the diffraction-first-order light can be coupled into the diffractive waveguide 10 and transmitted to the out-coupling grating 15 through the waveguide substrate 11 .

Please refer to FIG. 6 , the implementation shown in FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the first coupling-in grating 12 in FIG. 3 taken along II-II. In this embodiment, the first coupling grating 12, the second coupling grating 13 and the third coupling grating 14, the first pupil expanding grating 16, the second pupil expanding grating 17 and the coupling out grating 15 all have grooves on the surface. Slotted plate structure. In this embodiment, grooves are arranged in an array on the surfaces of the first coupling grating 12 , the second coupling grating 13 and the third coupling grating 14 . The grooves arranged in the array can diffract and split the light incident on the first coupling grating 12, the second coupling grating 13 and the third coupling grating 14, and the light part after diffraction and splitting can be transmitted and coupled into the diffraction waveguide within 10. In this embodiment, the groove has a rectangular cross section. It can be understood that, in some other embodiments of the present application, the cross section of the groove may also be a triangle, a parallelogram, a semicircle and other structures, which are not specifically limited in the present application.

Please refer to FIG. 3 and FIG. 6 together. In this embodiment, the grooves arranged in an array on the first coupling grating 12 , the second coupling grating 13 and the third coupling grating 14 are grooves 12 e. In this embodiment, the extending direction of the trench 12e is the first direction. It can be understood that, in other embodiments of the present application, while ensuring that the first light coupled into the grating 12 can be coupled into the diffraction waveguide 10 and transmitted to the first pupil expanding grating 16, part of the light coupled into the second grating 13 can be Coupled into the diffraction waveguide 10 and transmitted to the second pupil expansion grating 17, when part of the light coupled into the third grating 14 can be coupled into the diffraction waveguide 10 and transmitted to the outcoupling grating 15, the extending direction of the groove 12e is also Other orientations are possible. For example, in some implementations, the extending direction of the groove 12e may form a certain angle with the first direction.

Referring to FIG. 3 , in this embodiment, the first coupling grating 12 and the first pupil expanding grating 16 are located on the same surface of the waveguide substrate 11 . Specifically, in this embodiment, the first coupling grating 12 and the first pupil expansion grating 16 are located on the first surface 111 of the waveguide base 11 . It can be understood that, in some other embodiments of the present application, both the first coupling grating 12 and the first pupil expansion grating 16 may also be located on the second surface 112 of the waveguide substrate 11 . In this embodiment, the first coupling grating 12 is located in the positive direction of the second direction of the first pupil expanding grating 16 . It can be understood that, in other embodiments of the present application, the first coupling grating 12 may also be located in the negative direction of the second direction of the first pupil expanding grating 16 . In this embodiment, the extension direction of the first pupil expansion grating 16 is the second direction, and the first coupling grating 12 can be located in the positive direction or the negative direction of the second direction of the first pupil expansion grating 16, which is to illustrate this embodiment Among them, the first coupling grating 12 is located in the positive extension direction or the negative extension direction of the first pupil expansion grating 16 .

In some other embodiments of the present application, the first coupling grating 12 and the first pupil expansion grating 16 may also be located on different surfaces of the waveguide substrate 11, for example, the first coupling grating 12 and the first pupil expansion grating 16 are located on the first The surface 11a and the second surface 11b, or, the first coupling grating 12 and the first pupil expansion grating 16 are respectively located on the second surface 11b and the first surface 11a. When the first coupling grating 12 and the first pupil expansion grating 16 can also be located on different surfaces of the waveguide substrate 11, the orthographic projection of the first coupling grating 12 on the surface where the first pupil expansion grating 16 is located is located on the first pupil expansion grating 16. In the extension direction (including the positive extension direction and the negative extension direction), or the orthographic projection of the first coupling grating 12 on the surface where the first pupil expansion grating 16 is located at least partly coincides with the first pupil expansion grating 16 .

In this embodiment, the second coupling grating 13 and the second pupil expanding grating 17 are located on the same surface of the waveguide substrate 11 . Specifically, in this embodiment, both the second coupling grating 13 and the second pupil expanding grating 17 are located on the first surface 111 of the waveguide substrate 11 . It can be understood that, in some other embodiments of the present application, both the second incoupling grating 13 and the second pupil expansion grating 17 may also be located on the second surface 112 of the waveguide substrate 11 . In this embodiment, the second coupling grating 13 is located in the positive direction of the second direction of the second pupil expanding grating 17 . It can be understood that, in other embodiments of the present application, the second coupling grating 13 may also be located in the negative direction of the second direction of the second pupil expanding grating 17 . In this embodiment, the extension direction of the second pupil expansion grating 17 is the second direction, and the second coupling grating 13 can be located in the positive direction or the negative direction of the second direction of the second pupil expansion grating 17, which is to illustrate this embodiment Among them, the first coupling grating 12 is located in the positive extension direction or the negative extension direction of the second pupil expansion grating 17 .

In some other embodiments of the present application, the second coupling grating 13 and the second pupil expansion grating 17 may also be located on different surfaces of the waveguide substrate 11, for example, the second coupling grating 13 and the second pupil expansion grating 17 are located on the first The surface 11a and the second surface 11b, or, the second coupling grating 13 and the second pupil expansion grating 17 are respectively located on the second surface 11b and the first surface 11a. When the second coupling grating 13 and the second pupil expansion grating 17 can also be located on different surfaces of the waveguide substrate 11, the orthographic projection of the second coupling grating 13 on the surface where the second pupil expansion grating 17 is located is located on the second pupil expansion grating 17. In the extension direction (including the positive extension direction and the negative extension direction), or the orthographic projection of the second coupling grating 13 on the surface where the second pupil expansion grating 17 is located at least partly coincides with the second pupil expansion grating 17 .

It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the first coupling grating 12 is located in the positive direction of the second direction of the first pupil expanding grating 16, that is, the distance between the center of the first pupil expanding grating 16 and the center of the first coupling grating 12 The extension direction of the connection line is the second direction, and the extension direction of the connection line between the center of the first pupil expansion grating 16 and the center of the first coupling grating 12 may deviate slightly from the second direction; the second coupling grating 13 is located at The positive direction of the second direction of the second pupil expansion grating 17 can be that the extension direction of the center of the second pupil expansion grating 17 and the center of the second coupling grating 13 is the second direction, and can also be the second pupil expansion The extension direction of the line connecting the center of the grating 17 and the center of the second coupling grating 13 deviates slightly from the second direction.

In this embodiment, the third incoupling grating 14 and the outcoupling grating 15 are located on the same surface of the waveguide substrate 11 . Specifically, in this embodiment, the third coupling-in grating 14 and the out-coupling grating 15 are located on the first surface 111 of the waveguide substrate 11 . It can be understood that, in some other embodiments of the present application, both the third incoupling grating 14 and the outcoupling grating 15 may also be located on the second surface 112 of the waveguide substrate 11 . In this embodiment, the third coupling-in grating 14 is located on a side of the third edge 15c away from the fourth edge 15d. It can be understood that, in other embodiments of the present application, the third coupling-in grating 14 may also be located on the side of the fourth edge 15d away from the third edge 15c.

In some other embodiments of the present application, the third coupling-in grating 14 and the out-coupling grating 15 may also be located on different surfaces of the waveguide substrate 11, for example, the third coupling-in grating 14 and the out-coupling grating 15 are respectively located on the first surface 11a and the second surface 11a. The two surfaces 11b, or, the first coupling grating 12 and the first pupil expansion grating 16 are respectively located on the second surface 11b and the first surface 11a. When the third in-coupling grating 14 and the out-coupling grating 15 can also be located on different surfaces of the waveguide substrate 11, the orthographic projection of the third in-coupling grating 14 on the surface where the second pupil expanding grating 17 is located is located on the extension of the second pupil expanding grating 17. direction (including the positive extension direction and the negative extension direction), or the orthographic projection of the third coupling grating 14 on the surface where the second pupil expansion grating 17 is at least partially coincides with the second pupil expansion grating 17 .

Please refer to FIG. 4 again. In this embodiment, the first coupling grating 12 , the second coupling grating 13 and the third coupling grating 14 are all one-dimensional gratings. It can be understood that, in other embodiments of the present application, the first coupling grating 12 , the second coupling grating 13 and the third coupling grating 14 may also be two-dimensional gratings. In this embodiment, due to the diffraction characteristics of the grating, the light incident on the first in-coupling grating 12 will be diffracted and split, and the diffraction-order light can be coupled into the waveguide substrate 11 and transmitted to The first pupil expansion grating 16; the light incident to the second coupling grating 13 is diffracted and split, and the diffraction-first-order light can be coupled into the waveguide substrate 11 and transmitted to the second pupil expansion grating 17 through the waveguide substrate 11 Diffraction and light splitting occur on the light incident to the third in-coupling grating 14 , and the diffraction-first-order light can be coupled into the waveguide substrate 11 and transmitted to the outcoupling grating 15 through the waveguide substrate 11 .

In this embodiment, the surfaces of the first coupling grating 12, the second coupling grating 13 and the third coupling grating 14 are all provided with grooves in an array, and incident to the first coupling grating 12, the second coupling grating 13 and the third coupling-in grating 14 can be diffracted and split when they irradiate the grooves arranged in the array, so that the light incident to the first coupling-in grating 12, the second coupling-in grating 13 and the third coupling-in grating 14 can Diffraction and light splitting occur. Please refer to FIG. 4 and FIG. 6 together. W shown in FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the first coupling-in grating 12 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 . In this embodiment, the cross section of the grooves of the first coupling grating 12 , the second coupling grating 13 and the third coupling grating 14 is rectangular, and the cross section of the grating structure is also rectangular. It can be understood that, in some other embodiments of the present application, the cross section of the groove and the cross section of the grating structure may also be triangular, parallelogram, semicircular and other structures, which are not specifically limited in the present application.

In this embodiment, the first coupling grating 12, the second coupling grating 13, and the third coupling grating 14 are arrayed in the first direction. The grooves are grooves 12e, and the extending direction of the grooves 12e is the first direction. . It can be understood that, in other embodiments of the present application, the extending direction of the trench 12e may also form an included angle with the first direction.

In this embodiment, the outcoupling grating 15 includes opposite first edges 15a, second edges 15b, and opposite third edges 15c and fourth edges 15d. The first edge 15a and the second edge 15b are arranged at intervals in the first direction of the diffractive waveguide 10, the third edge 15c and the fourth edge 15d are arranged at intervals in the second direction of the diffractive waveguide 10, and the third edge 15c , The fourth edge 15d is located between the first edge 15a and the second edge 15b. In this embodiment, the outcoupling grating 15 is a rectangular structure, the first edge 15a, the second edge 15b, the third edge 15c, and the fourth edge 15d are the four sides of the outcoupling grating 15, and the first edge 15a and the second edge 15b The extension directions of the third edge 15c and the fourth edge 15d are both the first direction. It can be understood that, in other embodiments of the present application, the outcoupling grating 15 may also be in other shapes such as a circle and a trapezoid, and the shape of the outcoupling grating 15 is not specifically limited in this application.

In this embodiment, both the first pupil expansion grating 16 and the outcoupling grating 15 are located on the first surface 11 a of the waveguide substrate 11 , and the first pupil expansion grating 16 is located on the side of the first edge 15 a away from the second edge 15 b. It can be understood that, in some other embodiments of the present application, the first pupil expansion grating 16 and the outcoupling grating 15 may also be respectively located on the first surface 11 a and the second surface 11 b of the waveguide substrate 11 . When the first pupil expansion grating 16 and the outcoupling grating 15 are located on the first surface 11a and the second surface 11b of the waveguide substrate 11 respectively, the orthographic projection of the first pupil expansion grating 16 on the surface where the outcoupling grating 15 is located is located away from the first edge 15a. One side of the second edge 15b, or at least part of the orthographic projection of the first pupil expanding grating 16 on the surface where the outcoupling grating 15 is located overlaps the outcoupling grating 15 and is close to the first edge 15a.

In this embodiment, both the second pupil expansion grating 17 and the outcoupling grating 15 are located on the first surface 11 a of the waveguide substrate 11 , and the second pupil expansion grating 17 is located on the side of the second edge 15 b away from the first edge 15 a. In other words, the first pupil expansion grating 16 , the outcoupling grating 15 and the second pupil expansion grating 17 of this embodiment are arranged at intervals in sequence along the first direction. It can be understood that, in some other embodiments of the present application, the second pupil expansion grating 17 and the outcoupling grating 15 may also be respectively located on the first surface 11 a and the second surface 11 b of the waveguide substrate 11 . When the second pupil expansion grating 17 and the outcoupling grating 15 are located on the first surface 11a and the second surface 11b of the waveguide substrate 11 respectively, the orthographic projection of the second pupil expansion grating 17 on the surface where the outcoupling grating 15 is located is located away from the second edge 15b. One side of the first edge 15a, or at least part of the orthographic projection of the second pupil expansion grating 17 on the surface where the outcoupling grating 15 is located overlaps the outcoupling grating 15 and is close to the second edge 15b.

In the embodiment of the present application, the extension direction of the first pupil expansion grating 16 is the same as the extension direction of the first edge 15a, and the extension direction of the second pupil expansion grating 17 is the same as the extension direction of the second edge 15b. In this embodiment, the extension direction of the first pupil expansion grating 16, the extension direction of the first edge 15a, the extension direction of the second pupil expansion grating 17, and the extension direction of the second edge 15b are all the second direction.

Both the first pupil expansion grating 16 and the second pupil expansion grating 17 are one-dimensional gratings in the second direction. The light can be transmitted in the extension direction of the first pupil expansion grating 16 and exit at various positions in the extension direction of the first pupil expansion grating 16 . Likewise, the light can be transmitted along the extension direction of the second pupil expansion grating 17 and exit at various positions along the extension direction of the second pupil expansion grating 17 . Since the first pupil expansion grating 16 is located at the side where the first edge 15a is far away from the second edge 15b, and the second pupil expansion grating 17 is located at the side where the second edge 15b is far away from the first edge 15a, therefore, from the first pupil expansion grating 16 The outgoing light can be transmitted to the first edge 15a of the outcoupling grating 15, and coupled into the outcoupling grating 15 from the first edge 15a; edge 15b, and coupled into the outcoupling grating 15 from the second edge 15b.

In this embodiment, light can be transmitted from the third in-coupling grating 14 , the first pupil expansion grating 16 and the second pupil expansion grating 17 to the out-coupling grating 15 , because the third in-coupling grating 14 is located on the third side of the out-coupling grating 15 . Edge 115c is away from the side of the fourth edge 115d, the first pupil expansion grating 16 is located at the side of the first edge 15a of the outcoupling grating 15 away from the second edge 15b, and the second pupil expansion grating 17 is located at the second edge 15b away from the first On one side of the edge 15a, light can be coupled into the outcoupling grating 15 from the first edge 15a, the second edge 15b, and the third edge 115c of the outcoupling grating 15. In terms of the scheme, the light enters light from different sides of the outcoupling grating 15, which can avoid the problem of low energy of the outgoing light far from the light incident side due to the high number of reflections, thereby ensuring the low brightness of the outgoing light, thereby ensuring the output from the outcoupling The light output from different positions of the grating 15 is uniform, ensuring that the human eye has the same display effect at different orbital positions and different viewing angles.

In some embodiments of the present application, the length L1 of the first pupil expansion grating 16 in the second direction is greater than or equal to the length D1 of the first edge 15a of the outcoupling grating 15 in the second direction, and the length L1 of the first pupil expansion grating 16 is The two ends are flush with the two ends of the first edge 15a, or, the two ends of the first pupil expansion grating 16 exceed the two ends of the first edge 15a. Since the light can exit uniformly at each position in the extension direction of the first pupil expansion grating 16, the light exiting from each position in the extension direction of the first pupil expansion grating 16 can be transmitted to the first edge 15a of the outcoupling grating 15 Each position of the outcoupling grating 15, that is, each position of the first edge 15a of the outcoupling grating 15 can have light incident uniformly, further improving the uniformity of light incident at different positions of the outcoupling grating 15, and further improving the light intensity from different positions of the outcoupling grating 15. Light uniformity. Similarly, in some embodiments of the present application, the length L2 of the second pupil expansion grating 17 in the second direction is greater than or equal to the length D2 of the first edge 15a of the outcoupling grating 15 in the second direction, and the second pupil expansion grating 17 The two ends of the pupil grating 17 are flush with the two ends of the second edge 15b, or, the two ends of the second pupil expanding grating 17 exceed the two ends of the second edge 15b. Since the light can exit uniformly at each position in the extension direction of the second pupil expansion grating 17, the light exiting from each position in the extension direction of the second pupil expansion grating 17 can be transmitted to the second edge 15b of the outcoupling grating 15 Each position of the outcoupling grating 15, that is, each position of the second edge 15b of the outcoupling grating 15 can have light incident uniformly, thereby ensuring that each position of the second edge 15b of the outcoupling grating 15 can have light incident uniformly, further improving the outcoupling grating The uniformity of light incident at different positions of the grating 15, thereby improving the uniformity of light output from different positions of the outcoupling grating 15. In this embodiment, the length of the first pupil expansion grating 16 in the second direction is equal to the length of the first edge 15a of the outcoupling grating 15 in the second direction, and the two ends of the first pupil expansion grating 16 and the first edge The two ends of 15a are flush; the length of the second pupil expansion grating 17 in the second direction is equal to the length of the first edge 15a of the outcoupling grating 15 in the second direction, and the two ends of the second pupil expansion grating 17 are aligned with the first edge 15a of the second pupil expansion grating 17. Both ends of the two edges 15b are flush.

It can be understood that, in other embodiments of the present application, the exit light of the first pupil expansion grating 16 may be incident on the first edge 15a of the outcoupling grating 15 at another angle, and the exit light of the second pupil expansion grating 17 may be incident on the first edge 15a of the outcoupling grating 15 at Other angles are incident to the second edge 15b of the outcoupling grating 15. Under the condition that uniform incident light can be provided at each position of the first edge 15a and the second edge 15b of the outcoupling grating 15, the first pupil dilating grating The two ends of 16 may not be flush with the two ends of the first edge 15a, and the two ends of the second pupil expansion grating 16 may not be flush with the two ends of the second edge 15b.

In this embodiment, grooves are arranged in an array on the first pupil expansion grating 16 and the second pupil expansion grating 17 . The light transmitted to the first pupil expansion grating 16 and the second pupil expansion grating 17 can produce diffraction and light splitting through the grooves arranged in the array, so that the light transmitted to the first pupil expansion grating 16 and the second pupil expansion grating 17 One-dimensional pupil dilation. In this embodiment, the groove on the first pupil expanding grating 16 is the third groove 12c, and the extension direction of the third groove 12c forms an included angle of 60° with the negative direction of the first direction. It can be understood that, in other embodiments of the present application, in the case of ensuring that the outgoing light from each position in the length direction of the first pupil expansion grating 16 can be transmitted to the outcoupling grating 15, the third groove 12c The extending direction may also be other directions. In some embodiments of the present application, the acute angle formed between the extending direction of the third groove 12c and the first direction is 15°-75°. For example, in some implementations, the extension direction of the third groove 12c forms an included angle of 45° with the negative direction of the first direction.

In this embodiment, after the light coupled into the diffraction waveguide 10 through the first entrance pupil grating 13 is transmitted to the position of the first pupil expansion grating 16 through the waveguide base 11, diffraction and light splitting will occur at the first pupil expansion grating 16, Part of the light is uniformly emitted in the length direction of the first pupil expanding grating 16 and transmitted to the outcoupling grating 15, so that each position in the length direction of the first edge 15a of the outcoupling grating 15 can have uniform incident light, so that the outcoupling grating 15 can have uniform incident light. Various positions of the grating 15 can have more uniform light output. Specifically, in this embodiment, the 0-order reflection of the light transmitted to the first pupil expansion grating 16 propagates in the second direction, and the reflection +1-order light reaches the outcoupling grating 15 through total reflection.

In this embodiment, the groove on the second pupil expanding grating 17 is the fourth groove 12d, and the extension direction of the fourth groove 12d forms an included angle of 60° with the positive direction of the first direction. It can be understood that, in other embodiments of the present application, in the case of ensuring that the outgoing light from each position in the length direction of the second pupil expansion grating 17 can be transmitted to the outcoupling grating 15, the fourth groove 12d The extension direction may also be other directions. In some embodiments of the present application, the acute angle between the extension direction of the fourth groove 12d and the first direction is 15°-75°. For example, in some implementations, the extending direction of the fourth groove 12d forms an included angle of 45° with the positive direction of the first direction. In some embodiments of the present application, the angle formed by the third groove 12c and the positive direction of the first direction is the same as the angle formed by the fourth groove 12d and the negative direction of the first direction, so as to ensure that the first expansion When the pupil grating 16 and the second pupil expansion grating 17 are arranged symmetrically on both sides of the first direction of the outcoupling grating 15, the light coupled out by the first pupil expansion grating 16 and the second pupil expansion grating 17 can equally reach the coupling. The outcoupling grating 15 further improves the uniformity of light coupled into different positions of the outcoupling grating 15 , and further improves the uniformity of light outcoupling from different positions of the outcoupling grating 15 .

In this embodiment, after the light coupled into the diffraction waveguide 10 through the second entrance pupil grating 14 is transmitted to the position of the second pupil expansion grating 17 through the waveguide substrate 11, diffraction and light splitting will occur at the second pupil expansion grating 17, Part of the light is uniformly emitted in the length direction of the second pupil expanding grating 17 and transmitted to the outcoupling grating 15, so that each position in the length direction of the second edge 15b of the outcoupling grating 15 can have uniform incident light, further making the outcoupling Various positions of the grating 15 can have more uniform light output. Specifically, in this embodiment, the 0th order of diffraction of the light transmitted to the second pupil expanding grating 17 propagates in the second direction, and the +1st order of diffraction of the light reaches the outcoupling grating 15 through total reflection.

In this embodiment, the first pupil expansion grating 16 and the second pupil expansion grating 17 are mirror symmetrical structures respectively arranged on opposite sides of the outcoupling grating 15 in the first direction, that is, the first pupil expansion grating 16 and the second pupil expansion grating The shape of the two pupil expansion gratings 17 is the same, the period of the groove on the first pupil expansion grating 16 is the same as the period of the groove on the second pupil expansion grating 17, the groove on the first pupil expansion grating 16 is the same as the first direction The included angle in the positive direction is the same as the included angle between the groove on the second pupil expanding grating 17 and the negative direction of the first direction, thereby ensuring that the first pupil expanding grating 16 and the second pupil expanding grating 17 can separate the light rays In the case of transmission from the first edge 15 a and the second edge 15 b to the outcoupling grating 15 , the design difficulty of the first pupil expansion grating 16 and the second pupil expansion grating 17 is simplified. It can be understood that, in other embodiments of the present application, in ensuring that both the first pupil expansion grating 16 and the second pupil expansion grating 17 can transmit light from the first edge 15a and the second edge 15b to the outcoupling grating 15 In some cases, the first pupil expansion grating 16 and the second pupil expansion grating 17 can also be non-mirror symmetrical structures. For example, in some embodiments, the first pupil expansion grating 16 and the second pupil expansion grating 17 can have different shapes. The period of the groove on the pupil expansion grating 16 is different from the period of the groove on the second pupil expansion grating 17, and the angle between the groove on the first pupil expansion grating 16 and the positive direction of the first direction is different from that of the second pupil expansion grating. The included angles between the grooves on the grating 17 and the negative direction of the first direction are different.

Please refer to FIG. 7 , which is a schematic cross-sectional view of the first pupil expansion grating 16 taken along position III-III in FIG. 3 according to some embodiments of the present application. In some embodiments of the present application, the depth of the groove of the first pupil expansion grating 16 (ie, the third groove 12 c ) gradually increases in a direction away from the first coupling grating 12 . When the depth of the third groove 12c is always kept constant, the number of reflections of the light at the position away from the first coupling grating 12 in the first pupil expansion grating 16 is more, so at the position farther away from the first coupling grating 12 The light intensity will be weaker. The greater the depth of the third groove 12c, the higher the light intensity of the light transmitted to the position of the third groove 12c. Therefore, in this embodiment, by making the depth of the third groove 12c of the first pupil expanding grating 16 in The gradual increase in the direction away from the first in-coupling grating 12 can make the exit light of the light at each position in the extending direction of the first pupil expansion grating 16 more uniform, thereby ensuring that the output from each position of the first edge 15a of the out-coupling grating 15 The incident light at the position can be more uniform, thereby improving the uniformity of the light output from the grating 15 .

In this embodiment, the openings of the third groove 12c are located on the same surface, and the bottom walls of the third groove 12c are located at different heights, so that the depth of the third groove 12c can vary. For some other embodiments of the present application, please refer to FIG. 8 , which is a schematic cross-sectional view of the first pupil dilation grating 16 taken along position III-III in FIG. 3 according to another embodiment of the present application. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 8 , the groove bottom walls of 121 of the third grooves 12c are at the same height, and the tops of the grating structures formed between adjacent third grooves 12c are on different planes, thereby realizing the third groove The depth of the groove 12c varies.

Likewise, in some embodiments of the present application, the depth of the grooves of the second pupil expansion grating 17 (that is, the fourth groove 12 d ) increases gradually in a direction away from the second coupling grating 13 . When the depth of the fourth groove 12d remains constant, since the light rays in the second pupil expanding grating 17 far away from the second in-coupling grating 13 undergo more reflection times, the farther away from the second in-coupling grating 13 The position where the light intensity will be weaker. Since the greater the depth of the fourth groove 12d, the higher the light intensity of the light transmitted to the position of the fourth groove 12d can be. Therefore, in this embodiment, by making the depth of the fourth groove 12d of the second pupil expanding grating 17 Gradually increasing in the direction away from the second incoupling grating 13 can make the exit light of the light at each position in the length direction of the second pupil expanding grating 17 more uniform, thereby ensuring that the light from the second edge 15b of the outcoupling grating 15 The incident light at each position can be more uniform, thereby further improving the light output uniformity of the outcoupling grating 15 .

In the embodiment of the present application, since the first pupil expansion grating 16 is a one-dimensional grating in the first direction, that is, the light can be transmitted in the first pupil expansion grating 16, and can be uniformly transmitted to the outcoupling grating in the second direction. 15 , therefore, the light beam emitted from the first pupil expanding grating 16 can be uniformly transmitted to the outcoupling grating 15 from different positions of the first edge 15 a. Similarly, since the second pupil expansion grating 17 is a one-dimensional grating in the first direction, that is, the light can be transmitted in the second pupil expansion grating 17, and can be uniformly transmitted to the outcoupling grating 15 in the second direction, Therefore, the light beam emitted from the second pupil expanding grating 17 can be uniformly transmitted into the outcoupling grating 15 from different positions of the second edge 15 b. Since the outcoupling grating 15 is a two-dimensional grating in the first direction and the second direction, that is, the light transmitted in the outcoupling grating 15 can be transmitted along the first direction and the second direction, and can be transmitted in the first direction and the second direction. Light is output evenly on the top, so as to ensure that the light output from the grating 15 can be more uniform.

In the embodiment of the present application, the outcoupling grating 15 is a two-dimensional grating in the first direction and the second direction, and the light can be transmitted and emitted in the first direction and the second direction of the outcoupling grating 15, so that the light It is possible to uniformly extract light from various positions of the outcoupling grating 15 .

In this embodiment, the outcoupling grating 15 is also provided with grooves in an array, and the light incident on the outcoupling grating 15 is diffracted and split through the grooves arranged in the array, so that the light incident on the outcoupling grating 15 can be sent to the first direction and the second direction to transmit and output light, realize the two-dimensional pupil expansion of light in the outcoupling grating 15, so as to realize the uniform light output at different positions of the outcoupling grating 15, and then ensure that the human eye is in different orbital positions and different viewing angles. All have the same display effect.

In this embodiment, the grooves on the outcoupling grating 15 include first grooves 12a arranged in an array in the first direction and second grooves 12b arranged in an array in the second direction, wherein the first grooves 12a and The third groove 12c is parallel, and the second groove 12b is parallel to the fourth groove 12d. It can be understood that, under the condition of ensuring that light can be coupled out of the grating 15 for two-dimensional pupil expansion, the extension direction of the first groove 12a can also be other directions, and the extension direction of the second groove 12b can also be other directions.

In some embodiments of the present application, the depths of the grooves of the outcoupling grating 15 (ie, the first groove 12 a and the second groove 12 b ) gradually increase in a direction away from the third incoupling grating 14 . When the depths of the first groove 12a and the second groove 12b are always kept constant, the number of reflections of light rays that are far away from the position of the third coupling grating 14 in the outcoupling grating 15 passes through more times. The intensity of light emitted from the position entering the grating 14 will be weaker. Since the greater the depth of the groove, the higher the light intensity of the light transmitted to the groove position can be. Therefore, in this embodiment, by making the depth of the first groove 12a and the second groove 12b farther away from the third coupling grating The direction of 14 gradually increases, which can make the output of light at each position of the outcoupling grating 15 more uniform, and prevent the outcoupling grating 15 from the position of the third in-coupling grating 14. The out-coupling grating 15 is closer to the third in-coupling grating The problem arises that the emitted light is weaker at the position of the grating 14 .

Please refer to FIG. 2 again. In this application, the optical machine 50 can be used to emit light beams carrying image information. In this embodiment, the optical machine 50 is a laser, and the light beam carrying image information emitted by it is a laser beam. The light of the laser beam is all parallel light, and the laser beam can have higher energy, better concentration, and better signal transmission effect. In this embodiment, the laser beams may be RGB three-color lasers. It can be understood that, in other embodiments of the present application, the optical machine 50 may also have other structures. For example, in some embodiments, the optical machine 50 may also be a structure such as a micro OLED display.

In this embodiment, the first refraction part 20 , the second refraction part 30 and the third refraction part 40 can change the direction of the light beam emitted by the optical machine 50 so that the light beam emitted by the optical machine 50 can be transmitted to the diffractive waveguide 10 . In some embodiments, the first refraction part 20, the second refraction part 30 or the third refraction part 40 can also have a spectroscopic effect, so as to split the light beam emitted by the optical machine 50 and then transmit it to different positions on the diffractive waveguide 10, And enter the diffractive waveguide 10 from different positions of the diffractive waveguide 10, so that the light output from the diffractive waveguide 10 is more uniform. Moreover, the light emitted by the optical machine 50 is split by the first refraction part 20, the second refraction part 30 and the third refraction part 40, and can pass through the first optical member 61, the second optical member 62, the second optical member 61 and the second optical member according to actual needs. The first refraction element 21, the second refraction element 31 and the third refraction element 41 control the proportion of light incident on different positions on the diffractive waveguide 10, thereby further improving the uniformity of light output from different positions of the outcoupling grating 15, thereby ensuring that the human eye It has the same display effect at different orbital positions and different viewing angles.

In the embodiment of the present application, the first refraction part 20, the second refraction part 30 and the third refraction part 40 all include a refraction element and a vibrating mirror. The light is reflected into the diffractive waveguide 10 . In the implementation manner of the present application, the refraction member may be a beam splitter or a light reflection element. Wherein, the beam splitter includes a beam splitting surface, and the light irradiated on the beam splitting surface can be partially transmitted and partially reflected, so that the light beam can be split by the beam splitter. Specifically, in some embodiments of the present application, the beam splitting surface of the beam splitter is covered with a partially transmissive partially reflective film, and when light irradiates the partially transmissive partially reflective film, part of the light can pass through and other part of the light can be reflected. In addition, different partially transmissive partial reflection films are covered on the light splitting surface, so that the ratio of light transmission and the ratio of reflected light transmitted to the partial transmission partial reflection film can be controlled. It can be understood that, in some other implementation manners of the present application, the optical splitter may also be of other types. For example, in some embodiments, the light-splitting surface of the beam splitter may be covered with a filter film, and when the light is irradiated on the filter film, part of the wavelength band of light can pass through the filter film, and other part of the light can be reflected. Moreover, by setting different filter films of different beam splitters, different beam splitters can transmit and reflect light of different wavelength bands. The reflective element is a reflector, reflective prism and other components, including a reflective surface, and the light transmitted to the reflective surface can be completely reflected.

In this embodiment, the first refraction part 20 includes the first refraction member 21 and the first vibrating mirror 22, the second refraction part 30 includes the second refraction member 31 and the second vibrating mirror 32, and the third refraction part 40 includes the third diopter 41 and the third vibrating mirror 42. In this embodiment, the first refraction member 21 and the third refraction member 41 are beam splitters, and the second refraction member 31 is a reflective element.

In this embodiment, the first refraction member 21, the third refraction member 41 and the second refraction member 31 are all located on the side of the first surface 11a of the waveguide substrate 11 away from the second surface 11b, and the first refraction member 21, the third refraction member Both the deflector 41 and the second deflector 31 correspond to a side of the third edge 115c of the outcoupling grating 115 away from the fourth edge 115d. It should be noted that the side where the third edge 15c of the outcoupling grating 15 is away from the fourth edge 15d in this application may refer to: the third edge 15c and the extension line of the third edge 15c are far away from the fourth edge 15d and the fourth edge 15d on one side of the extension cord. That is, in this embodiment, the first refraction member 21 , the third refraction member 41 and the second refraction member 31 are arranged corresponding to the upper edge of the diffractive waveguide 110 . The optical machine 50 , the first refraction member 21 , the third refraction member 41 and the second refraction member 31 are sequentially arranged in the positive direction of the first direction. It can be understood that, in the embodiment of the present application, the optical machine 50 , the first refraction member 21 , the third refraction member 41 and the second refraction member 31 may also be arranged in other arrangements. The light beam emitted by the optical machine 50 is transmitted to the first refraction member 21 along the first direction, part of the light transmitted to the first refraction member 21 passes through the dichroic surface of the first refraction member 21, and part of the light is reflected to the first oscillating mirror 22; The light passing through the dichroic surface of the first refraction member 21 continues to transmit to the third refraction member 41 along the first direction, part of the light transmitted to the third refraction member 41 passes through the dichroic surface of the third refraction member 41, and part of the light is reflected to the first The three vibrating mirrors 42 ; the light beam passing through the dichroic surface of the third refraction member 41 continues to transmit to the second refraction member 31 along the first direction.

In the present application, the vibrating mirror includes a reflective surface, and the light irradiated on the reflecting surface of the vibrating mirror will undergo total reflection. In this embodiment, the first vibrating mirror 22, the second vibrating mirror 32 and the third vibrating mirror 42 are all micro-electromechanical systems (micro electro mechanical systems, MEMS) vibrating mirrors, and the MEMS vibrating mirrors can be driven by signals to rotate to change The direction of the light beam reflected by the reflective surface of the MEMS galvanometer realizes dynamic picture display. In this embodiment, the first oscillating mirror 22 is located in the negative direction of the second direction of the first refraction element 21, the reflective surface of the first oscillating mirror 22 is inclined relative to the first coupling grating 12 and the first refraction element 21, and the second The reflective surface of a oscillating mirror 22 faces the first coupling grating 12 and the first refraction element 21, the first refraction element 21 can reflect part of the light transmitted to the first refraction element 21 to the first oscillating mirror 22, and part of the light is still along the The first direction is transmitted to the third refractive element 41 . The light transmitted to the first oscillating mirror 22 is completely reflected to the first coupling grating 12 by the reflective surface of the first oscillating mirror 22 .

The third oscillating mirror 42 is located in the negative direction of the second direction of the third deflection member 41, the reflective surface of the third vibrating mirror 42 is inclined relative to the third coupling grating 14 and the third refracting member 41, and the third vibrating mirror 42 The reflective surface faces the third coupling grating 14 and the third refraction member 41. The third refraction member 41 can reflect part of the light transmitted to the third refraction member 41 to the third vibrating mirror 42, and part of the light is still transmitted along the first direction to the the second refraction member 31 . The light transmitted to the third oscillating mirror 42 is completely reflected to the third coupling grating 14 by the reflection surface of the third oscillating mirror 42 .

The second oscillating mirror 32 is located in the negative direction of the second direction of the second refraction member 31, the reflective surface of the second oscillating mirror 32 is inclined relative to the second coupling grating 13 and the second refraction member 31, and the second oscillating mirror 32 The reflective surface faces the second coupling grating 13 and the second refraction member 31, and the second refraction member 31 can reflect at least part of the light transmitted to the second refraction member 31 to the second oscillating mirror 32, and then pass through the second oscillating mirror 32. The reflective surface reflects all the light transmitted to the second vibrating mirror 32 to the second coupling grating 13 . In this embodiment, the second refraction member 31 is a reflective element, which can reflect all the light transmitted to the second refraction member 31 to the second oscillating mirror 32 . It can be understood that, in other embodiments of the present application, the second refraction member 31 may also be a beam splitter, so as to reflect part of the light to the second vibrating mirror 32 .

The direction of the arrow in FIG. 2 is the transmission direction of the light in the optical component 100 of the first embodiment of the present application. The light beam emitted by the optical machine 50 is transmitted to the first refracting member 21 . Since the first refraction member 21 is a beam splitter, the light transmitted to the first refraction member 21 can be split by the first refraction member 21 . After the light transmitted to the first refraction member 21 is split by the first refraction member 21, part of the light continues to transmit to the third refraction member 41 along the first direction, and part of the light is reflected by the first refraction member 21 and then transmitted to the first vibrating mirror 22. The first oscillating mirror 22 reflects all the light to the first coupling grating 12, part of the light is coupled into the diffraction waveguide 10 through the first coupling grating 12, and the light coupled into the diffraction waveguide 10 is at least partially passed through the first expansion The pupil grating 16 transmits to the outcoupling grating 15 . In this embodiment, the third refraction member 41 is also a beam splitter, and the light transmitted to the third refraction member 41 can be split by the third refraction member 41 . After the light transmitted to the third refraction member 41 is split by the third refraction member 41, part of the light continues to be transmitted to the second refraction member 31 along the first direction, and part of the light is reflected by the third refraction member 41 and then transmitted to the third vibrating mirror 42 , the third oscillating mirror 42 reflects all the light to the third coupling grating 14, part of the light is coupled into the diffraction waveguide 10 through the third coupling grating 14, and the light coupled into the diffraction waveguide 10 is at least partially transmitted to the outcoupling grating 15. In this embodiment, the second refraction member 31 is a reflector, therefore, all the light transmitted to the second refraction member 31 can be reflected by the second refraction member 31 to the second oscillating mirror 32, and the second oscillating mirror 32 reflects all the light To the second in-coupling grating 13 , part of the light is coupled into the diffraction waveguide 10 through the second in-coupling grating 13 , and at least part of the light coupled into the diffraction waveguide 10 is transmitted to the out-coupling grating 15 through the second pupil expanding grating 17 .

In this embodiment, the first refraction unit 120, the second refraction unit 130, and the third refraction unit 140 can split the light emitted by the optical machine 50 into beams, and can pass through the first refraction unit 20, the second refraction unit according to actual needs. The part 30 and the third refraction part 40 control the ratio of the light incident to the first coupling grating 12, the second coupling grating 13 and the third coupling grating 14, so as to further ensure the light incident to different positions of the coupling out grating 15. The light intensity can further improve the light output uniformity of different positions of the outcoupling grating 15, thereby ensuring that the human eye has the same display effect at different orbital positions and different viewing angles.

It can be understood that in other embodiments of the present application, the arrangement direction and arrangement position of the optical machine 50, the first refraction member 21, the third refraction member 41 and the second refraction member 31 can be changed, and by adjusting the The arrangement direction and arrangement position of the first refraction member 21 , the third refraction member 41 and the second refraction member 31 . For example, in some embodiments, the arrangement direction of the optical machine 50, the first refraction member 21, the third refraction member 41, and the second refraction member 31 may not be along the first direction, and by adjusting the dichroic surface of the first refraction member 21 The direction can still make at least part of the light transmitted to the second refraction member 31 through the first refraction member 21 and the third refraction member 41 in sequence, and at the same time, it can be adjusted to pass through the first refraction member 21, the second refraction member 31 and the third refraction member 41 The direction of the reflected light.

Please refer to FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 , FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical component 200 according to a second embodiment of the present application, and FIG. 10 is a schematic structural schematic diagram of another viewing angle of the optical component 200 shown in FIG. 9 . Wherein, the arrows in FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 indicate the transmission direction of the light in the optical component 200 of this embodiment. The structure of the optical assembly 200 of this embodiment is basically the same as that of the optical assembly 100 of the embodiment shown in FIG. . The difference between the optical assembly 200 of this embodiment and the optical assembly 100 of the embodiment shown in FIG. Both the second refraction member 31 and the third refraction member 41 of the third refraction portion 40 are located on the side of the second surface 11 b of the waveguide substrate 11 away from the first surface 11 a. In this embodiment, the light reflected by the first refraction member 21 is transmitted to the first oscillating mirror 22 through the waveguide substrate 11, the light reflected by the second refraction member 31 is transmitted to the second oscillating mirror 32 through the waveguide substrate 11, and the third refraction The light reflected by the element 41 is transmitted to the third vibrating mirror 42 through the waveguide substrate 11 .

In this embodiment, the transmission path of the light emitted by the optical machine 50 is specifically: the light beam emitted by the optical machine 50 is transmitted to the first refractive element 21 along the first direction. Since the first refraction member 21 is a beam splitter, the light transmitted to the first refraction member 21 can be split by the first refraction member 21 . After the light transmitted to the first refraction member 21 is split by the first refraction member 21, part of the light continues to transmit to the third refraction member 41 along the first direction, and part of the light is reflected by the first refraction member 21 and then travels toward the direction of the waveguide substrate 11 The first oscillating mirror 22 reflects all the light to the first coupling grating 12, and part of the light is coupled into the diffraction waveguide 10 through the first coupling grating 12. In this embodiment, the third refraction member 41 is also a beam splitter, and the light transmitted to the third refraction member 41 can be split by the third refraction member 41 . After the light transmitted to the third refraction member 41 is split by the third refraction member 41, part of the light continues to transmit to the second refraction member 31 along the first direction, and part of the light is reflected by the third refraction member 41 and then transmitted toward the direction of the waveguide substrate 11 , and transmitted through the waveguide substrate 11 to the third oscillating mirror 42 , the third oscillating mirror 42 reflects all the light to the third coupling grating 14 , and part of the light is coupled into the diffraction waveguide 10 through the third coupling grating 14 . In this embodiment, the second refraction member 31 is a reflector, therefore, all the light transmitted to the second refraction member 31 can be transmitted by the second refraction member 31 to the direction of the waveguide substrate 11, and transmitted to the second refraction member 31 through the waveguide substrate 11. Two vibrating mirrors 32 , the second vibrating mirror 32 reflects all the light to the second coupling grating 13 , and part of the light is coupled into the diffraction waveguide 10 through the second coupling grating 13 .

In this embodiment, the first refraction element 21 and the third refraction element 41 can split the light emitted by the optical machine 50 into beams, and the split light can be split by the first refraction part 20 , the second refraction part 30 and the third refraction part 30 . The beamed light is transmitted to the light of the first coupling grating 12, the second coupling grating 13 and the third coupling grating 14, thereby passing through the first coupling grating 12, the second coupling grating 13 and the third coupling grating 14 couples light into the diffractive waveguide 10 . In addition, the embodiment of the present application can control the incidence to the first coupling grating 12 , the second coupling grating 13 and the third coupling grating through the first refractive element 21 , the second refractive element 31 and the third refractive element 41 according to actual needs. 14, thereby adjusting the intensity of light incident to different positions of the outcoupling grating 15, adjusting the uniformity of light entering the outcoupling grating 15 from different positions, and further improving the uniformity of light output at different positions of the outcoupling grating 15 In order to ensure that the human eye has the same display effect in different orbital positions and different viewing angles.

Moreover, in this embodiment, by disposing the optical machine 50, the first refraction member 21, the second refraction member 31, and the third refraction member 41 on the side of the second surface 11b of the waveguide substrate 11 away from the first surface 11a, The first oscillating mirror 22, the second oscillating mirror 32 and the third oscillating mirror 42 are arranged on the side of the first surface 11a of the waveguide substrate 11 away from the second surface 11b, so that the weight of both sides of the waveguide substrate 11 of the diffractive waveguide 10 It can be more uniform, so that the weight distribution of the optical component 100 is more uniform, thereby improving the wearing comfort of the smart glasses 1000 . Moreover, the thicknesses of both sides of the waveguide base 11 of the diffractive waveguide 10 are relatively equal, so that the installation of the optical component 100 can be more convenient.

Please refer to FIG. 11 and FIG. 12 . FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical component 300 according to a third embodiment of the present application. Wherein, the arrow in FIG. 11 indicates the transmission direction of the light in the optical component 300 of this embodiment. FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of the diffraction waveguide 10 of the optical component 300 shown in FIG. 11 . The structure of this embodiment is basically the same as that of the optical assembly 300 shown in FIG. The difference between the optical assembly 300 of this embodiment and the optical assembly 100 of the embodiment shown in FIG. direction, the second incoupling grating 13 of the diffractive waveguide 10 is located in the negative direction of the second direction of the second pupil expanding grating 17, and the third incoupling grating 14 of the diffractive waveguide 10 is located in the square of the second direction of the outcoupling grating 15 up. Moreover, in this embodiment, the optical assembly 300 further includes two optical components, the two optical components are respectively the first optical component 61 and the second optical component 62 . Wherein, the optical machine 50, the first optical element 61, the first refraction element 21 and the second refraction element 31 are arranged sequentially in the positive direction of the first direction, and the second optical element 62 and the third refraction element 41 are also arranged in the first direction. Arrange the settings sequentially in the positive direction. Moreover, the first optical element 61, the first refraction element 21 and the second refraction element 31 are arranged on the side of the fourth edge 15d of the outcoupling grating 15 away from the third edge 15c, and the second optical element 62 and the third refraction element 41 is set on the side of the third edge 15c of the outcoupling grating 15 away from the fourth edge 15d, so that the first optical element 61, the first refraction element 21, the second refraction element 31, the second optical element 62 and the second refraction element 31 can be avoided. The three-fold refractive element 41 blocks the outcoupling grating 15, and can avoid blocking the user's field of view by the first optical element 61, the first refractive element 21, the second refractive element 31, the second optical element 62, and the third refractive element 41 . It should be noted that the side where the fourth edge 15d of the outcoupling grating 15 is away from the third edge 15c in this application may refer to: the fourth edge 15d and the extension line of the fourth edge 15d are far away from the third edge 15c and the third edge 15c on one side of the extension cord. Similarly, the side where the third edge 15c of the outcoupling grating 15 is away from the fourth edge 15d in this application may refer to: the third edge 15c and the extension line of the third edge 15c are far away from the fourth edge 15d and the fourth edge 15d side of the extension cord. That is, in this embodiment, the first optical element 61 , the first refractive element 21 and the second refractive element 31 are arranged corresponding to the lower edge of the diffractive waveguide 10 , and the second optical element 62 and the third refractive element 41 correspond to the bottom edge of the diffractive waveguide 10 . Upper edge setting. In this embodiment, the second optical component 62 is located in the positive direction of the second direction of the first optical component 61 .

In this embodiment, the first optical element 61 and the first refracting element 21 are beam splitters, and the second optical element 62 , the second refracting element 31 and the third refracting element 41 are all reflective elements. It can be understood that, in some other embodiments of the present application, the second optical member 62, the second refraction member 31 and the third refraction member 41 may also be beam splitters.

In this embodiment, the transmission path of the light emitted by the optical machine 50 is specifically: the light beam emitted by the optical machine 50 is transmitted to the first optical component 61 along the first direction. Since the first optical element 61 is a beam splitter, the light transmitted to the first optical element 61 can be split by the first optical element 61 . After the light transmitted to the first optical element 61 is split by the first optical element 61, part of the light continues to transmit to the first refracting element 21 along the first direction, and part of the light is transmitted to the second direction after being reflected by the first optical element 61. Second optics 62 . Since the second optical element 62 is a reflective element, it can reflect all the light transmitted from the first optical element 61 . The light reflected by the second optical element 62 is transmitted to the third refractive element 41 along the first direction. In this embodiment, the third refraction member 41 is a reflector, therefore, all the light transmitted to the third refraction member 41 can be reflected by the third refraction member 41 to the third oscillating mirror 42, and the third oscillating mirror 42 reflects all the light to the third coupling grating 14, and coupled into the diffraction waveguide 10 through the third coupling grating 14. Since the first refraction member 21 is a beam splitter, the light transmitted to the first refraction member 21 can be split by the first refraction member 21 . After the light transmitted to the first refraction member 21 is split by the first refraction member 21, part of the light continues to transmit to the second refraction member 21 along the first direction, and part of the light is reflected by the first refraction member 21 and then transmitted to the first vibrating mirror 22 , the first oscillating mirror 22 reflects all the light to the first coupling grating 12 , and part of the light is coupled into the diffraction waveguide 10 through the first coupling grating 12 . In this embodiment, the second refraction member 31 is a reflector, therefore, all the light transmitted to the second refraction member 31 can be reflected by the second refraction member 31 to the second oscillating mirror 32, and the second oscillating mirror 32 absorbs all the light It is reflected to the second coupling grating 13 and coupled into the diffraction waveguide 10 through the second coupling grating 13 .

In this embodiment, the light beam emitted by the optical machine 50 can be split by the first optical member 61 and the first refraction member 21, and can be split by the first optical member 61, the second optical member 62, the first refraction member according to actual needs. 21, the second refraction member 31 and the third refraction member 41 control the ratio of the light incident to the first coupling grating 12, the second coupling grating 13 and the third coupling grating 14, so as to further ensure that the light incident to the outcoupling The intensity of light at different positions of the grating 15 further improves the uniformity of light output from different positions of the grating 15 , thereby ensuring that the human eye has the same display effect at different orbital positions and different viewing angles.

Moreover, in this embodiment, by arranging the first optical member 61, the first refraction member 21 and the second refraction member 31 relative to the upper edge of the diffractive waveguide 10, the second optical member 62 and the third refraction member 41 are relative to the diffraction waveguide 10. The lower edge of the waveguide 10 is arranged so as to make the weight distribution of the optical component 100 more uniform, thereby improving the wearing comfort of the smart glasses 1000 .

Please refer to FIG. 13 and FIG. 14 . FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical component 400 according to a fourth embodiment of the present application. Wherein, the arrow in FIG. 13 indicates the transmission direction of the light in the optical component 400 of this embodiment. FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of the diffraction waveguide 10 of the optical component 400 shown in FIG. 13 . The structure of this embodiment is basically the same as that of the optical assembly 300 of the embodiment shown in FIG. An optical component 61 and a second optical component 62 . The difference between the optical assembly 400 of this embodiment and the optical assembly 400 of the embodiment shown in FIG. In the negative direction of the first direction, that is, the fourth in-coupling grating 18 is located on the side of the fourth edge 15d of the out-coupling grating 15 away from the third edge 15c. In this embodiment, the fourth in-coupling grating 18 and the third in-coupling grating 14 are symmetrically arranged on opposite sides of the out-coupling grating 15 . After the light enters through the third in-coupling grating 14 and the fourth in-coupling grating 18 , it is directly transmitted to the out-coupling grating 15 through the transmission of the waveguide substrate 11 . The light coupled in by the first in-coupling grating 12 is transmitted to the out-coupling grating 15 through the first pupil expanding grating 16, the light coupled in by the second in-coupling grating 13 is transmitted to the out-coupling grating 15 through the second pupil expanding grating 17, and passed through The outcoupling grating 15 performs two-dimensional pupil expansion to output light. Moreover, in this embodiment, the optical assembly 400 further includes a fourth refraction portion 70 , and the fourth refraction portion 70 can transmit part of the light emitted by the optical machine 50 to the fourth coupling grating 18 .

In this embodiment, the first pupil expansion grating 16 is located on the side where the first edge 15a of the outcoupling grating 15 is away from the second edge 15b, and the outgoing light of the first pupil expansion grating 16 can pass through the first edge 15a of the outcoupling grating 15. Each position of the outcoupling grating 15 is coupled into the outcoupling grating 15; the second pupil expansion grating 17 is located on the side of the second edge 15b of the outcoupling grating 15 away from the first edge 15a, and the outgoing light of the second pupil expansion grating 17 can pass through the outcoupling grating 15 Each position of the second edge 15b of the outcoupling grating 15 is coupled into the outcoupling grating 15; the third incoupling grating 14 is located on the side of the third edge 15c of the outcoupling grating 15 away from the fourth edge 15d, and the outgoing light of the third incoupling grating 14 can The outcoupling grating 15 is coupled in from the third edge 15c of the outcoupling grating 15; the fourth incoupling grating 18 is located on the side of the fourth edge 15d of the outcoupling grating 15 away from the third edge 15c, and the output of the fourth incoupling grating 18 Light can be coupled into the outcoupling grating 15 from the fourth edge 15d of the outcoupling grating 15 . Therefore, in this embodiment, the light can be incident on the outcoupling grating 15 from the first edge 15a, the second edge 15b, the third edge 15c and the fourth edge 15d of the outcoupling grating 15, thereby further improving the light incident on the outcoupling grating. 15, so as to further improve the uniformity of the light emitted from the outcoupling grating 15.

In this embodiment, the structure of the fourth refraction portion 70 is basically the same as that of the first refraction portion 20 . The fourth refraction part 70 includes a fourth refraction element 71 and a fourth vibrating mirror 72 , and the fourth refraction element 71 is a beam splitter. In this embodiment, the optical machine 50, the first refraction member 21, the fourth refraction member 71, and the second refraction member 31 are sequentially arranged in the positive direction of the first direction, and the optical machine 50, the first optical member 61, the first refraction member 21. Both the fourth refractive element 71 and the second refractive element 31 are located on the side of the third edge 15c of the outcoupling grating 15 away from the fourth edge 15d, and the second optical element 62 and the third refractive element 41 are in the square of the first direction They are arranged in sequence upwards, and are all located on the side of the fourth edge 15d of the outcoupling grating 15 away from the third edge 15c. In this embodiment, the fourth vibrating mirror 72 is inclined relative to the fourth refraction element 71 and the fourth coupling grating 18, and the reflection surface of the fourth vibrating mirror 72 faces the fourth coupling grating 18 and the fourth refraction element 71. The light reflected by the refraction element 71 can be reflected to the fourth coupling grating 18 through the reflection surface of the fourth oscillating mirror 72 .

In this embodiment, the transmission path of the light emitted by the optical machine 50 is specifically: the light beam emitted by the optical machine 50 is transmitted to the first optical component 61 along the first direction. Since the first optical element 61 is a beam splitter, the light transmitted to the first optical element 61 can be split by the first optical element 61 . After the light transmitted to the first optical element 61 is split by the first optical element 61, part of the light continues to transmit to the first refracting element 21 along the first direction, and part of the light is transmitted to the second direction after being reflected by the first optical element 61. Second optics 62 . Since the first refraction member 21 is a beam splitter, the light transmitted to the first refraction member 21 can be split by the first refraction member 21 . After the light transmitted to the first refraction member 21 is split by the first refraction member 21, part of the light continues to transmit to the fourth optical member 71 along the first direction, and part of the light is reflected by the first refraction member 21 and then transmitted to the first vibrating mirror 22 , the first oscillating mirror 22 reflects all the light to the first coupling grating 12 . Since the fourth optical element 71 is a beam splitter, the light transmitted to the fourth optical element 71 can be split by the fourth optical element 71 . After the light transmitted to the fourth optical element 71 is split by the fourth optical element 71, part of the light continues to transmit to the second refraction element 31 along the first direction, and part of the light is reflected by the fourth optical element 71 and then transmitted to the fourth vibrating mirror. 72 . The fourth oscillating mirror 72 reflects all the light to the fourth coupling grating 18 . In this embodiment, the second refraction member 31 is a reflector, therefore, all the light transmitted to the second refraction member 31 can be reflected by the second refraction member 31 to the second oscillating mirror 32, and the second oscillating mirror 32 absorbs all the light Reflected to the second coupling grating 13 , part of the light is coupled into the diffraction waveguide 10 through the second coupling grating 13 . Since the second optical element 62 is a reflective element, it can reflect all the light transmitted from the first optical element 61 and transmit it to the third refractive element 41 . In this embodiment, the third refracting member 41 is also a reflective mirror, capable of reflecting all the light transmitted thereto. In this embodiment, the third deflection element 41 reflects all the light transmitted from the second optical element 62 to the third oscillating mirror 42 , and the third oscillating mirror 42 reflects all the light to the third coupling grating 14 .

Please refer to Fig. 15, Fig. 16, Fig. 17 and Fig. 18, Fig. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical assembly 500 according to a fifth embodiment of the present application, and Fig. 16 is an optical assembly according to the embodiment shown in Fig. 15 500 is a structural schematic diagram of another viewing angle. FIG. 17 is a structural schematic diagram of one direction of the diffraction waveguide 10 of the optical component 500 shown in FIG. Schematic diagram of the structure in the other direction. The arrows in FIG. 15 and FIG. 16 indicate the transmission direction of the light in the optical component 500 of this embodiment.

The structure of the optical assembly 500 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 15 is basically the same as that of the optical assembly 100 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 40 and optical machine 50. The difference between the optical component 500 of this embodiment and the optical component 100 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 is: please refer to FIG. 17 and FIG. The grating 13 , the first pupil expanding grating 16 and the second pupil expanding grating 17 are all located on the second surface 11 b of the waveguide substrate 11 , and the third coupling grating 14 and the outcoupling grating 15 are located on the first surface 11 a of the waveguide substrate 11 . Furthermore, in this embodiment, the first pupil expansion grating 16 and the second pupil expansion grating 17 are arranged opposite to the outcoupling grating 15 . In other words, the orthographic projections of the first pupil dilation grating 16 and the second pupil dilation grating 17 on the first surface 11a are located inside the outcoupling grating 15, and the orthographic projection of the first pupil dilation grating 16 on the first surface 11a is close to At the first edge 15a, the orthographic projection of the second pupil dilation grating 17 on the first surface 11a is close to the second edge 15b. It can be understood that, in other embodiments of the present application, the projections of the first incoupling grating 12 and the second incoupling grating 13 on the first surface 11a may also be partially located in the outcoupling grating 15, or the first incoupling grating The projection of 12 on the first surface 11a is located on the side of the first edge 15a away from the second edge 15b, and the projection of the second coupling grating 13 on the first surface 11a is located on the side of the second edge 15b away from the first edge 15a .

In this embodiment, after the light exits from the first pupil expansion grating 16 and the second pupil expansion grating 17, it can pass through the waveguide substrate 11 and be transmitted to the outcoupling grating 15 for light output, thereby improving the uniformity of the light entering the outcoupling grating 15. properties, thereby improving the uniformity of the light emitted from the outcoupling grating 15 . Moreover, in this embodiment, the projections of the first in-coupling grating 12 and the second in-coupling grating 13 on the first surface 11a can be located in the out-coupling grating 15, compared with the optical component 100 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 Since the first pupil expansion grating 16 and the second pupil expansion grating 17 are not located on both sides of the outcoupling grating 15 in the first direction, the size of the diffraction waveguide 10 of the optical assembly 100 of this embodiment in the first direction can be Smaller, the weight of the optical assembly 500 can also be lighter.

15 and 16, in this embodiment, the first refraction portion 20 and the second refraction portion 30 are located on the side of the second surface 11b of the waveguide substrate 11 away from the first surface 11a, and the third refraction portion 40 is located on The first surface 11a of the waveguide substrate 11 is away from the side of the second surface 11b. Moreover, in this embodiment, the optical assembly 500 further includes a first optical element 61 and a second optical element 62, the first optical element 61, the first refraction element 21 and the second refraction element 31 are sequentially arranged in the first direction, The second optical element 62 and the third refractive element 41 are arranged sequentially in the first direction, and the first refractive element 61 and the second refractive element 62 are arranged in the third direction. In this embodiment, the first optical element 61 and the first refraction element 21 are beam splitters, and the second refraction element 62 , the second refraction element 31 and the third refraction element 41 are light reflection elements. It can be understood that, in some other embodiments of the present application, the second refraction member 62 , the second refraction member 31 and the third refraction member 41 may also be beam splitters.

In this embodiment, the transmission path of the light emitted by the optical machine 50 is specifically: the light beam emitted by the optical machine 50 is transmitted to the first optical component 61 along the first direction. Since the first optical element 61 is a beam splitter, the light transmitted to the first optical element 61 can be split by the first optical element 61 . After the light transmitted to the first optical element 61 is split by the first optical element 61, part of the light continues to transmit to the first refracting element 21 along the first direction, and part of the light is transmitted to the second direction after being reflected by the first optical element 61. Second optics 62 . Since the first refraction member 21 is a beam splitter, the light transmitted to the first refraction member 21 can be split by the first refraction member 21 . After the light transmitted to the first refraction member 21 is split by the first refraction member 21, part of the light continues to transmit to the second refraction member 31 along the first direction, and part of the light is reflected by the first refraction member 21 and then transmitted to the first vibrating mirror 22 , the first oscillating mirror 22 reflects all the light to the first coupling grating 12 , and part of the light is coupled into the diffraction waveguide 10 through the first coupling grating 12 . Since the second refraction member 31 is a reflecting mirror, all the light transmitted to the second refraction member 31 can be reflected by the second refraction member 31 to the second oscillating mirror 32, and the second oscillating mirror 32 reflects all the light to the second oscillating mirror 32. The in-coupling grating 13 , part of the light is coupled into the diffraction waveguide 10 through the second in-coupling grating 13 . Since the second optical element 62 is a reflective element, it can reflect all the light transmitted from the first optical element 61 and transmit it to the third refractive element 41 . In this embodiment, the third refracting member 41 is also a reflective mirror, capable of reflecting all the light transmitted thereto. In this embodiment, the third refraction element 41 reflects all the light transmitted from the second optical element 62 to the third vibrating mirror 42, and the third vibrating mirror 42 reflects all the light to the third coupling grating 14, and part of the light coupled into the diffraction waveguide 10 through the third coupling grating 14 .

In this embodiment, the first optical element 61 and the first refraction element 21 can split the light emitted by the optical machine 50 into beams, and the first optical element 61 and the first refraction element 21 can be used to control the light incident on the first optical element 61 and the first refraction element 21 according to actual needs. A ratio of the light coupled into the grating 12, the second coupled into the grating 13 and the third coupled into the grating 14, so as to ensure the light intensity incident to different positions of the coupled out grating 15, and further improve the different positions of the coupled out grating 15 The uniformity of light output ensures that the human eye has the same display effect at different orbital positions and different viewing angles. Moreover, in this embodiment, the projections of the first in-coupling grating 12 and the second in-coupling grating 13 on the first surface 11a can be located in the out-coupling grating 15, compared with the optical component 100 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 Since the first pupil expansion grating 16 and the second pupil expansion grating 17 are not located on both sides of the outcoupling grating 15 in the first direction, the size of the diffraction waveguide 10 of the optical assembly 100 of this embodiment in the first direction can be Smaller, the weight of the optical assembly 500 can also be lighter.

Please refer to Fig. 19, Fig. 20 and Fig. 21, Fig. 22, Fig. 19 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical assembly 600 of the sixth embodiment of the present application, and Fig. 20 is an optical assembly of the embodiment shown in Fig. 19 600 is a structural schematic diagram of another viewing angle. FIG. 21 is a structural schematic diagram of one direction of the diffraction waveguide 10 of the optical component 600 shown in FIG. Schematic diagram of a structure in one direction. The arrows in FIG. 19 and FIG. 20 indicate the transmission direction of the light in the optical component 600 of this embodiment.

The structure of the optical assembly 600 in this embodiment is basically the same as that of the optical assembly 500 in the embodiment shown in FIG. Machine 50, first optical component 61 and second optical component 62. The difference between the optical assembly 600 of this embodiment and the optical assembly 500 of the embodiment shown in FIG. direction, the second incoupling grating 13 of the diffractive waveguide 10 is located in the negative direction of the second direction of the second pupil expanding grating 17, and the third incoupling grating 14 of the diffractive waveguide 10 is located in the square of the second direction of the outcoupling grating 15 up.

In this embodiment, the light coupled into the diffraction waveguide 10 from the third in-coupling grating 14 can be coupled in to the out-coupling grating 15 from the third edge 15c of the out-coupling grating 15 . Since the in-coupling grating 15 can expand the pupil of the light two-dimensionally, the light expands toward the fourth edge 15 d , the first edge 15 a and the second edge 15 b of the out-coupling grating 15 . Generally speaking, when the structure of different positions of the grating is uniform (that is, the material of the grating, the groove depth, the groove period, etc. are the same), since the light far away from the grating and far from the light coupling position is reflected compared to the light close to the light coupling position The number of times is more, so that the light intensity far away from the light coupling position will be weaker. However, in this embodiment, the light coupled into the diffraction waveguide 10 by the third in-coupling grating 14 can be coupled into the out-coupling grating 15 from the third edge 15c of the out-coupling grating 15, that is, the side of the out-coupling grating 15 close to the fourth edge 15d The intensity of the emitted light is weaker than that of the emitted light from the third edge 15c. However, in the embodiment of the present application, since the first coupling grating 12 is located in the negative direction of the second direction of the first pupil expansion grating 16, that is, the light transmitted from the first pupil expansion grating 16 to the first edge 15a close to the fourth edge 15d Compared with the first edge 15a, the intensity of light near the third edge 15c will be stronger; similarly, since the second incoupling grating 13 is located in the negative direction of the second direction of the second pupil expanding grating 17, that is, from the second pupil expanding The intensity of the light transmitted by the pupil grating 16 to the second edge 15b and close to the fourth edge 15d is stronger than that of the light close to the third edge 15c from the second edge 15b, so that it is transmitted to the outcoupling grating 15 with the third in-coupling grating 14 The light inside is complementary, so as to further improve the uniformity of the light coupled out from each position of the grating 15 .

In this embodiment, the optical assembly 600 further includes a third optical component 63 , which is a reflective element and used to further reflect the light reflected from the second optical component 62 to the third coupling grating 14 .

In this embodiment, the transmission path of the light emitted by the optical machine 50 is specifically: the light beam emitted by the optical machine 50 is transmitted to the first optical component 61 along the first direction. Since the first optical element 61 is a beam splitter, the light transmitted to the first optical element 61 can be split by the first optical element 61 . After the light transmitted to the first optical element 61 is split by the first optical element 61, part of the light continues to transmit to the first refracting element 21 along the first direction, and part of the light is transmitted to the second direction after being reflected by the first optical element 61. Second optics 62 . Since the first refraction member 21 is a beam splitter, the light transmitted to the first refraction member 21 can be split by the first refraction member 21 . After the light transmitted to the first refraction member 21 is split by the first refraction member 21, part of the light continues to transmit to the second refraction member 31 along the first direction, and part of the light is reflected by the first refraction member 21 and then transmitted to the first vibrating mirror 22 , the first oscillating mirror 22 reflects all the light to the first coupling grating 12 , and part of the light is coupled into the diffraction waveguide 10 from the first coupling grating 12 . Since the second refraction member 31 is a reflecting mirror, all the light transmitted to the second refraction member 31 can be reflected by the second refraction member 31 to the second oscillating mirror 32, and the second oscillating mirror 32 reflects all the light to the second oscillating mirror 32. The in-coupling grating 13 , part of the light is coupled into the diffraction waveguide 10 through the second in-coupling grating 13 . Since the second optical element 62 is a reflective element, it can reflect all the light transmitted from the first optical element 61 and transmit it to the third optical element 63 , and the third optical element 63 further reflects all the light to the third refractive element 41 . In this embodiment, the third refracting member 41 is also a reflective mirror, capable of reflecting all the light transmitted thereto. In this embodiment, the third refraction element 41 reflects all the light transmitted from the second optical element 62 to the third vibrating mirror 42, and the third vibrating mirror 42 reflects all the light to the third coupling grating 14, and part of the light It is coupled into the diffraction waveguide 10 from the third coupling grating 14 .

In this embodiment, the first optical element 61 and the first refraction element 21 can split the light emitted by the optical machine 50 into beams, and the first optical element 61 and the first refraction element 21 can be used to control the light incident on the first optical element 61 and the first refraction element 21 according to actual needs. A ratio of the light coupled into the grating 12, the second coupled into the grating 13 and the third coupled into the grating 14, so as to further ensure the light intensity incident to different positions of the coupled out grating 15, and further improve the output of the coupled out grating 15 The uniformity of light output at different positions ensures that the human eye has the same display effect at different orbital positions and different viewing angles. Moreover, in this embodiment, the first coupling grating 12, the second coupling grating 13, the first pupil expanding grating 16, the second pupil expanding grating 17, the third coupling grating 14, and the coupling out grating 15 are located on the waveguide substrate respectively. 11, so that the size of the diffractive waveguide 10 in the first direction can be smaller and lighter. Moreover, in this embodiment, the first coupling grating 12 of the diffraction waveguide 10 is located in the negative direction of the second direction of the first pupil expansion grating 16, and the second coupling grating 13 of the diffraction waveguide 10 is located in the second pupil expansion grating 17. In the negative direction of the second direction of the diffraction waveguide 10, the third coupling grating 14 of the diffraction waveguide 10 is located in the positive direction of the second direction of the outcoupling grating 15, which can further improve the light output uniformity of each position of the outcoupling grating 15.

Please refer to Fig. 23, Fig. 24 and Fig. 25, Fig. 26, Fig. 23 is a schematic structural diagram of the optical assembly 700 of the seventh embodiment of the present application, and Fig. 24 is the optical assembly of the embodiment shown in Fig. 23 700 is a structural schematic diagram of another viewing angle. FIG. 25 is a structural schematic diagram of one direction of the diffraction waveguide 10 of the optical component 700 shown in FIG. Schematic diagram of a structure in one direction. The arrows in FIG. 23 and FIG. 24 indicate the transmission direction of the light in the optical component 700 of this embodiment.

The structure of the optical assembly 700 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 23 is basically the same as that of the optical assembly 600 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 19 , and both include a diffractive waveguide 10, a first refraction portion 20, a second refraction portion 30, and a third refraction portion. 40 and optical machine 50, the first optical component 61, the second optical component 62, and the third optical component 63. The difference between the optical assembly 600 of this embodiment and the optical assembly 600 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 19 is that: in this embodiment, the diffractive waveguide 10 further includes a fourth coupling grating 18, and the fourth coupling grating 18 is also located on the waveguide substrate 11 The second surface 11b of the outcoupling grating 15 is located between the first incoupling grating 12 and the second incoupling grating 13, and the projection of the fourth incoupling grating 18 on the first surface 11a is located away from the fourth edge 15d of the outcoupling grating 15 One side of the third edge 15c. It can be understood that, in other embodiments of the present application, the projection of the fourth incoupling grating 18 on the first surface 11a may also be located in the outcoupling grating 15 and close to the fourth edge 15d of the outcoupling grating 15, or, The projection of the fourth incoupling grating 18 on the first surface 11 a can also lie partially within the outcoupling grating 15 . For example, please refer to FIG. 27 . FIG. 27 is a schematic structural diagram of another direction of the diffraction waveguide 10 of an optical component 700 according to another embodiment of the present application. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 27 , the projection of the fourth incoupling grating 18 on the first surface 11 a is located inside the outcoupling grating 15 and close to the fourth edge 15 d of the outcoupling grating 15 .

In this embodiment, the light can be transmitted to the outcoupling grating 15 through the third incoupling grating 14, the fourth incoupling grating 18, the first pupil expanding grating 16, and the second pupil expanding grating 17, and undergoes two Light is emitted after the pupil is dilated. In the present application, since the light rays of the third in-coupling grating 14, the fourth in-coupling grating 18, the first pupil expansion grating 16 and the second pupil expansion grating 17 can be coupled into the out-coupling gate from different sides of the out-coupling gate 15 The grating 15, so as to further improve the uniformity of the light emitted from the outcoupling grating 15.

In this embodiment, the transmission path of the light emitted by the optical machine 50 is specifically: the light beam emitted by the optical machine 50 is transmitted to the first optical component 61 along the first direction. Since the first optical element 61 is a beam splitter, the light transmitted to the first optical element 61 can be split by the first optical element 61 . After the light transmitted to the first optical element 61 is split by the first optical element 61, part of the light continues to transmit to the first refracting element 21 along the first direction, and part of the light is transmitted to the second direction after being reflected by the first optical element 61. Second optics 62 . Since the first refraction member 21 is a beam splitter, the light transmitted to the first refraction member 21 can be split by the first refraction member 21 . After the light transmitted to the first refraction member 21 is split by the first refraction member 21, part of the light continues to transmit to the fourth refraction member 71 along the first direction, and part of the light is reflected by the first refraction member 21 and then transmitted to the first vibrating mirror 22 , the first oscillating mirror 22 reflects all the light to the first coupling grating 12 , and part of the light is coupled into the diffraction waveguide 10 through the first coupling grating 12 . Since the fourth optical element 71 is a beam splitter, the light transmitted to the fourth optical element 71 can be split by the fourth optical element 71 . After the light transmitted to the fourth optical element 71 is split by the fourth optical element 71, part of the light continues to transmit to the second refraction element 31 along the first direction, and part of the light is reflected by the fourth optical element 71 and then transmitted to the fourth vibrating mirror. 72 , the fourth oscillating mirror 72 reflects all the light to the fourth coupling grating 18 , and part of the light is coupled into the diffraction waveguide 10 through the fourth coupling grating 18 . Since the second refraction member 31 is a reflecting mirror, all the light transmitted to the second refraction member 31 can be reflected by the second refraction member 31 to the second oscillating mirror 32, and the second oscillating mirror 32 reflects all the light to the second oscillating mirror 32. The in-coupling grating 13 , part of the light is coupled into the diffraction waveguide 10 through the second in-coupling grating 13 . Since the second optical member 62 and the third optical member 63 are reflective elements, they can reflect all the light transmitted from the first optical member 61 and transmit it to the third optical member 63, and the third optical member 63 further reflects all the light to the The third refractive element 41 . In this embodiment, the third refracting member 41 is also a reflective mirror, capable of reflecting all the light transmitted thereto. In this embodiment, the third deflection element 41 reflects all the light transmitted from the second optical element 62 to the third oscillating mirror 42 , and the third oscillating mirror 42 reflects all the light to the third coupling grating 14 .

In this embodiment, the first optical member 61, the first refraction member 21, and the fourth refraction member 71 can split the light emitted by the optical machine 50 into beams, and can pass through the first optical member 61, the first refraction member 71 according to actual needs. The refraction element 21 and the fourth refraction element 71 control the ratio of the light incident to the first coupling grating 12, the second coupling grating 13 and the third coupling grating 14, so as to further ensure that the light incident to different positions of the coupling out grating 15 The intensity of the light can be increased, and the uniformity of light emitted from different positions of the grating 15 can be further improved, thereby ensuring that the human eye can have the same display effect at different orbital positions and different viewing angles. And, in this embodiment, because the light of the 3rd coupling-in grating 14, the 4th coupling-in grating 18 and the first pupil expansion grating 16, the second pupil expansion grating 17 can be coupled into from different sides of the coupling-out gate 15 to The outcoupling grating 15 further improves the uniformity of the light emitted from the outcoupling grating 15 . Moreover, in this embodiment, the first coupling grating 12, the second coupling grating 13, the first pupil expanding grating 16, the second pupil expanding grating 17, the fourth coupling grating 18 and the third coupling grating 14, coupling The output gratings 15 are respectively located on two opposite surfaces of the waveguide substrate 11 , so that the dimension of the diffractive waveguide 10 in the first direction can be smaller and the quality lighter. Moreover, in this embodiment, the first coupling grating 12 is located in the negative direction of the second direction of the first pupil expansion grating 16, and the second coupling grating 13 is located in the negative direction of the second direction of the second pupil expansion grating 17. , the fourth coupling-in grating 18 is located in the negative direction of the second direction of the second pupil expanding grating 17, and the third coupling-in grating 14 is located in the positive direction of the second direction of the coupling-out grating 15, which can further improve the output of the coupling-out grating 15. The light uniformity of each position.

The above is only the specific implementation of the application, but the scope of protection of the application is not limited thereto. Anyone familiar with the technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the application, and should cover Within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

A diffractive waveguide, characterized in that the diffractive waveguide includes a waveguide base body and a first in-coupling grating, a second in-coupling grating, a third in-coupling grating, an out-coupling grating, a first Pupil grating and second pupil dilating grating;

The waveguide base includes opposite first and second surfaces; the outcoupling grating, the first pupil expansion grating and the second pupil expansion grating are located on the first surface or the second surface;

The outcoupling grating includes opposite first edges, second edges, and opposite third edges and fourth edges, the third edges and the fourth edges are located between the first edges and the second edges Between, the first edge and the second edge are arranged in the first direction of the diffraction waveguide, the first edge is close to the first pupil expansion grating, and the second edge is close to the The second pupil expansion grating; the third edge and the fourth edge are arranged in the second direction of the diffraction waveguide, the first direction intersects the second direction; the first pupil expansion The extension direction and pupil expansion direction of the grating are the same as the extension direction of the first edge, and the extension direction and pupil expansion direction of the second pupil expansion direction are the same as the extension direction of the second edge;

The first coupling grating is used to transmit at least part of the light transmitted to the first coupling grating to the first pupil expansion grating, and the first pupil expansion grating is used to transmit at least part of the light transmitted to the first pupil expansion grating. At least part of the light rays of the pupil grating expand along the pupil expansion direction of the first pupil expansion grating, and transmit at least part of the light rays from the side of the outcoupling grating close to the first edge to the outcoupling grating;

The second incoupling grating is used to transmit at least part of the light transmitted to the second incoupling grating to the second pupil expansion grating, and the second pupil expansion grating is used to transmit the second pupil expansion grating At least part of the light rays expand along the pupil expansion direction of the second pupil expansion grating, and transmit at least part of the light rays from the side of the outcoupling grating close to the second edge to the outcoupling grating, and then pass through the outcoupling grating Out-coupling grating output;

The third incoupling grating is used to transmit at least part of the light transmitted to the third incoupling grating to the outcoupling grating from a side of the outcoupling grating close to the third edge;

The outcoupling grating is used to expand and exit at least part of the light transmitted to the outcoupling grating in the outcoupling grating.
The diffractive waveguide according to claim 1, wherein the first pupil expansion grating and the outcoupling grating are located on the first surface of the waveguide substrate, and the first pupil expansion grating is located on the first edge A side away from the second edge; or, the first pupil expansion grating is located on the second surface of the waveguide base, the outcoupling grating is located on the first surface of the waveguide base, and the first pupil expansion The orthographic projection of the grating on the surface where the outcoupling grating is located is located on the side of the first edge away from the second edge, or at least part of the orthographic projection of the first pupil expanding grating on the surface where the outcoupling grating is located overlaps with the outcoupling grating.
The diffractive waveguide according to claim 2, wherein the second pupil expansion grating and the outcoupling grating are located on the first surface of the waveguide substrate, and the second pupil expansion grating is located on the second edge A side away from the first edge; or, the second pupil expansion grating is located on the second surface of the waveguide base, the outcoupling grating is located on the first surface of the waveguide base, and the second pupil expansion The orthographic projection of the grating on the surface where the outcoupling grating is located is located on the side of the second edge away from the first edge, or at least part of the orthographic projection of the second pupil expanding grating on the surface where the outcoupling grating is located overlaps with the outcoupling grating.
The diffractive waveguide according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, both the first coupling grating and the first pupil expanding grating are located on the first surface of the waveguide base or the second Two surfaces, the first coupling grating is located in the extension direction of the first pupil expansion grating; or, the first coupling grating is located on the first surface of the waveguide base, and the first pupil expansion grating is located On the second surface of the waveguide base body, the orthographic projection of the first incoupling grating on the surface where the first pupil expansion grating is located is located in the extension direction of the first pupil expansion grating, or the first incoupling grating The orthographic projection of the grating on the surface where the first pupil expansion grating is at least partially coincides with the first pupil expansion grating; or, the first coupling grating is located on the second surface of the waveguide substrate, and the first The pupil expansion grating is located on the first surface of the waveguide substrate, and the orthographic projection of the first coupling grating on the surface where the first pupil expansion grating is located is located in the extension direction of the first pupil expansion grating, or the The orthographic projection of the first coupling grating on the surface where the first pupil expansion grating is at least partially coincides with the first pupil expansion grating.
The diffractive waveguide according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the second coupling grating and the second pupil expansion grating are located on the first surface of the waveguide base or the second surface, the second incoupling grating is located in the extension direction of the second pupil expansion grating; or, the second incoupling grating is located on the first surface of the waveguide substrate, and the second pupil expansion grating is located in the The second surface of the waveguide base body, the orthographic projection of the second incoupling grating on the surface where the second pupil expansion grating is located is located in the extension direction of the second pupil expansion grating, or the second incoupling grating The orthographic projection on the surface where the second pupil expansion grating is at least partially coincides with the second pupil expansion grating; or, the second coupling grating is located on the second surface of the waveguide substrate, and the second pupil expansion grating The pupil grating is located on the first surface of the waveguide substrate, and the orthographic projection of the second coupling grating on the surface where the second pupil expansion grating is located is located in the extension direction of the second pupil expansion grating, or the first The orthographic projection of the two coupling-in gratings on the surface where the second pupil expansion grating is at least partly coincides with the second pupil expansion grating.
The diffractive waveguide according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein the third incoupling grating and the outcoupling grating are located on the first surface of the waveguide substrate, and the third incoupling grating is located on The third edge is away from the side of the fourth edge, or the third coupling grating is located on the side of the fourth edge away from the third edge, or the third coupling grating is located on the side of the fourth edge the second surface of the waveguide substrate, the outcoupling grating is located on the first surface of the waveguide substrate, and the orthographic projection of the third incoupling grating on the surface where the outcoupling grating is located is located at the third edge away from the One side of the fourth edge or the side of the fourth edge away from the third edge, or, the orthographic projection of the third incoupling grating on the surface where the outcoupling grating is located is at least partly located on the outcoupling grating and close to the third edge or close to the fourth edge.
The diffractive waveguide according to claim 6, wherein the diffractive waveguide further comprises a fourth coupling grating, and the fourth coupling grating and the outcoupling grating are located on the first surface of the waveguide substrate, so The fourth incoupling grating is located on a side of the third edge away from the fourth edge, or the fourth incoupling grating is located on a side of the fourth edge away from the third edge; or, the The fourth incoupling grating is located on the second surface of the waveguide substrate, the outcoupling grating is located on the first surface of the waveguide substrate, and the orthographic projection of the fourth incoupling grating on the surface where the outcoupling grating is located is located on the The side of the third edge away from the fourth edge or the side of the fourth edge away from the third edge, or, the orthographic projection of the fourth in-coupling grating on the surface where the out-coupling grating is located is at least Partially located on the outcoupling grating and close to the third edge or close to the fourth edge, the fourth incoupling grating is used to transmit at least part of the light transmitted to the fourth incoupling grating from the outcoupling A side of the grating close to the third edge or the fourth edge is transmitted to the outcoupling grating.
The diffractive waveguide according to claim 1, wherein the outcoupling grating is a two-dimensional grating, and the outcoupling grating expands the light transmitted therein in the first direction and the second direction, The outcoupling grating includes first grooves arranged in an array and second grooves arranged in an array, and the extending direction of the first groove intersects the extending direction of the second groove.
The diffractive waveguide according to claim 8, characterized in that, both the first pupil expanding grating and the second pupil expanding grating are one-dimensional gratings, and the first pupil expanding grating and the second pupil expanding grating expand the light transmitted therein in the second direction; the first pupil expansion grating includes third grooves arranged in an array, and the second pupil expansion grating includes third grooves arranged in an array in the second direction; The fourth groove, the third groove is parallel to the first groove, and the fourth groove is parallel to the second groove.
The diffraction waveguide according to claim 9, characterized in that, in the direction away from the first coupling grating, the depth of the third groove gradually increases; in the direction away from the second coupling grating , the depth of the fourth groove gradually increases.
The diffractive waveguide according to any one of claims 8-10, characterized in that, in the direction away from the third coupling-in grating, the depths of the first groove and the second groove gradually increase .
The diffractive waveguide according to claim 8, wherein the acute angles formed by the first groove and the second groove and the first direction are both 15°-75°.
The diffractive waveguide according to any one of claims 1-12, characterized in that, the first coupling grating, the second coupling grating, and the third coupling grating are all one-dimensional gratings.
The diffractive waveguide according to claim 13, wherein the first coupling grating, the second coupling grating, and the third coupling grating all include grooves arranged in an array, and the grooves of the grooves are The extending direction is the first direction.
The diffraction waveguide according to claim 1, wherein the size of the first pupil expansion grating in the second direction is greater than or equal to the size of the first edge in the second direction, and the second The size of the pupil expansion grating in the second direction is greater than or equal to the size of the second edge in the second direction.
The diffraction waveguide according to claim 15, characterized in that, one end of the first pupil expanding grating in the second direction is flush with the third edge or exceeds the third edge; the first The other end of the pupil dilation grating in the second direction is flush with the fourth edge or exceeds the fourth edge;

One end of the second pupil expansion grating in the second direction is flush with the third edge or exceeds the third edge; the other end of the second pupil expansion grating in the second direction is in line with the third edge The fourth edge is flush with or beyond the fourth edge.
An optical component, characterized in that the optical component comprises an optical machine, a first refraction part, a second refraction part, a third refraction part, and the diffractive waveguide according to any one of claims 1-16;

The first refraction part includes a first refraction element and a first vibrating mirror, the second refraction part includes a second refraction element and a second vibrating mirror, and the third refraction part includes a third refraction element and a third vibrating mirror ; The optical machine is used to send light;

The reflective surface of the first oscillating mirror faces the first coupling grating and the first refractive element, and the reflecting surface of the first oscillating mirror is connected to the first coupling grating and the first refractive part forming an included angle, the first refraction member is used to reflect at least part of the light transmitted to the first refraction member to the first oscillating mirror, and the first oscillating mirror is used to reflect at least part of the light transmitted to the first oscillating mirror The light from the mirror is reflected to the first coupling grating;

The reflective surface of the second vibrating mirror faces the second coupling grating and the second refraction part, and the reflective surface of the second vibrating mirror is connected to the second coupling grating and the second refracting element forming an included angle, the second refraction member is used to reflect at least part of the light transmitted to the second refraction member to the second oscillating mirror, and the second oscillating mirror is used to reflect at least part of the light transmitted to the second oscillating mirror The light from the mirror is reflected to the second coupling grating;

The reflective surface of the third oscillating mirror faces the third coupling grating and the third refractive element, and the reflective surface of the third vibrating mirror is connected to the third coupling grating and the third refractive element forming an included angle, the third refraction member is used to reflect at least part of the light transmitted to the third refraction member to the third oscillating mirror, and the third oscillating mirror is used to reflect at least part of the light transmitted to the second oscillating mirror. The light from the mirror is reflected to the third in-coupling grating.
The optical assembly according to claim 17, wherein the first oscillating mirror and the first coupling grating are located on the same side of the waveguide substrate, and the first refracting element and the first coupling The grating is located on the same side or different sides of the waveguide substrate;

The second vibrating mirror and the second coupling grating are located on the same side of the waveguide substrate, and the second refracting member and the second coupling grating are located on the same side or different sides of the waveguide substrate;

The third vibrating mirror and the third coupling grating are located on the same side of the waveguide base, and the third refracting element and the third coupling grating are located on the same side or different sides of the waveguide base.
The optical assembly according to claim 17 or 18, wherein at least one of the first refractive element, the second refractive element, and the third refractive element is a beam splitter, and is transmitted to the beam splitter Part of the light from the beam splitter passes through and continues to be transmitted to another refraction element, and the other part of the light is reflected by the beam splitter and transmitted to the vibrating mirror corresponding to the beam splitter.
The optical component according to any one of claims 17-19, characterized in that, the optical machine, the first refraction element, the third refraction element and the second refraction element are arranged sequentially in the first direction arrangement;

The optical machine is used to transmit the emitted light to the first refraction member, and the first refraction member is used to transmit part of the light transmitted to the first refraction member to the third refraction member, and the other part The light is transmitted to the first vibrating mirror;

The third refraction member is used to transmit part of the light transmitted to the third refraction member to the second refraction member, and transmit the other part of the light to the third vibrating mirror;

The second refraction element is used to transmit at least part of the light transmitted to the second refraction element to the second vibrating mirror.
The optical assembly according to any one of claims 17-19, wherein the optical assembly further comprises at least one optical element, and at least one optical element is located between the optical machine, the first refractive element, the On the optical path of the second refraction member or the third refraction member, the light emitted by the optical machine is reflected or split by the optical member and enters the first refraction member, the second refraction member or the The third refraction member.
The optical assembly according to claim 21, wherein the optical component comprises a first optical component and a second optical component, the optical machine, the first optical component, the first refractive component and the The second refraction elements are arranged sequentially in the first direction, the second optical elements and the third refraction elements are also arranged in sequence in the first direction, and the first optical element and the the second optical elements are arranged in the second direction;

The optical machine is used to transmit the emitted light to the first optical component, and the first optical component is used to transmit part of the light transmitted to the first optical component to the first refracting component, and the other part light is transmitted to the second optical element;

The first refraction member is used to transmit part of the light transmitted to the first refraction member to the second refraction member, and transmit the other part of the light to the first vibrating mirror;

The second refraction element is used to transmit at least part of the light transmitted to the second refraction element to the second vibrating mirror;

The second optical element is used to transmit at least part of the light transmitted to the second optical element to the third refractive element;

The third refraction element is used to transmit at least part of the light transmitted to the third refraction element to the third vibrating mirror.
An electronic device, characterized by comprising a structural component and an optical component according to any one of claims 17-22, the optical component being mounted on the structural component.