WO2022253149A1 - Guide d'ondes diffractif, ensemble optique et dispositif électronique - Google Patents

Guide d'ondes diffractif, ensemble optique et dispositif électronique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022253149A1
WO2022253149A1 PCT/CN2022/095811 CN2022095811W WO2022253149A1 WO 2022253149 A1 WO2022253149 A1 WO 2022253149A1 CN 2022095811 W CN2022095811 W CN 2022095811W WO 2022253149 A1 WO2022253149 A1 WO 2022253149A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
grating
light
edge
coupling
outcoupling
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PCT/CN2022/095811
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
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李民康
周海峰
刘力铭
丁武文
曾以亮
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华为技术有限公司
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Publication of WO2022253149A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022253149A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0013—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
    • G02B6/0015—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
    • G02B6/0016—Grooves, prisms, gratings, scattering particles or rough surfaces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
    • G02B26/08—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
    • G02B26/08—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
    • G02B26/0816—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light by means of one or more reflecting elements
    • G02B26/0833—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light by means of one or more reflecting elements the reflecting element being a micromechanical device, e.g. a MEMS mirror, DMD
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0013—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
    • G02B6/0023—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed between the light guide and the light source, or around the light source
    • G02B6/0025—Diffusing sheet or layer; Prismatic sheet or layer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0013—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
    • G02B6/0023—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed between the light guide and the light source, or around the light source
    • G02B6/0026—Wavelength selective element, sheet or layer, e.g. filter or grating

Definitions

  • the diffractive waveguide In augmented reality (virtual reality, VR) devices and mixed reality (mixed reality, MR) devices, diffractive waveguides are often used to transmit image information from optical machines to human eyes to achieve near-eye display (NED) .
  • the diffractive waveguide generally includes an in-coupling grating and an out-coupling grating.
  • the image signal sent by the optical machine is coupled into the diffractive waveguide through the in-coupling grating, transmitted to the out-coupling grating through the diffractive waveguide, and then coupled out to the human eye through the out-coupling grating.
  • EB moving orbit
  • the outcoupling light at the position close to the incoupling grating has less reflection times and has higher energy, so the output brightness is higher; while the outcoupling grating far away from the coupling Due to the high number of reflections, the outcoupling light at the position of the grating has low energy, so the output brightness is low, which leads to the uneven brightness distribution of the outcoupling light in different regions of the outcoupling grating, so that the human eye is in different areas. Different display effects can be observed depending on the position of the orbit and different viewing angles, which will affect the consumer experience.
  • the waveguide needs to have a thin and light shape, and the thickness of the waveguide should be as small as possible. In a thin waveguide, the light needs to be reflected more times to reach the human eye, which will further lead to uneven distribution of light output brightness at different positions of the coupled out grating.
  • the present application provides an optical component and an electronic device, which can improve the uniformity of light output at different positions of the outcoupling grating of the diffraction waveguide, thereby ensuring that the human eye can see basically the same display effect at different orbital positions and different viewing angles .
  • the present application provides a diffractive waveguide, which includes a waveguide base and a first in-coupling grating, a second in-coupling grating, a third in-coupling grating, an out-coupling grating, a first Pupil grating and second pupil dilating grating.
  • the outcoupling grating includes opposite first edges, second edges, opposite third edges and fourth edges, the third edges and the fourth edges are located between the first edges and the second edges, and the first edges and the second edges Arranged in the first direction of the diffraction waveguide, the first edge is close to the first pupil expansion grating, the second edge is close to the second pupil expansion grating; the third edge and the fourth edge are in the diffraction waveguide Arranged in the second direction, the first direction intersects the second direction; the extension direction of the first pupil expansion grating and the pupil expansion direction are the same as the extension direction of the first edge, the extension direction of the second pupil expansion direction and the pupil expansion The direction is the same as the extending direction of the second edge.
  • first direction intersects with the second direction, that is, there is only one intersection point between the straight line extending along the first direction and the straight line extending along the second direction, and the first direction and the second direction may intersect perpendicularly, or other angle to intersect.
  • the first coupling grating is used to transmit at least part of the light transmitted to the first coupling grating to the first pupil expansion grating
  • the first pupil expansion grating is used to transmit at least part of the light transmitted to the first pupil expansion grating. At least part of the light from the pupil grating expands along the pupil expansion direction of the first pupil expansion grating, and transmits at least part of the light from the side of the outcoupling grating close to the first edge to the outcoupling grating
  • the second in-coupling grating is used to transmit at least part of the light transmitted to the second in-coupling grating to the second pupil expansion grating
  • the second pupil expansion grating is used to transmit the light of the second pupil expansion grating to At least part of the light expands along the pupil expansion direction of the second pupil expansion grating, and transmits at least part of the light from the side of the outcoupling grating close to the second edge to the outcoupling grating, and then passes through the outcoupling grat
  • At least part of the light coupled into the diffraction waveguide by the first in-coupling grating is transmitted to the first pupil expansion grating, and transmitted to the coupling from the side of the out-coupling grating close to the first edge through the first pupil expansion grating. out of the grating, and then through the coupling out of the grating.
  • At least part of the light coupled into the diffraction waveguide by the second in-coupling grating is transmitted to the second pupil expansion grating, and is transmitted to the out-coupling grating from the side close to the second edge of the out-coupling grating through the second pupil expansion grating, and then passed through the out-coupling grating. exit grating.
  • At least part of the light coupled into the diffraction waveguide by the third in-coupling grating is transmitted from the side of the out-coupling grating close to the third edge to the out-coupling grating, and then exits through the out-coupling grating. That is, in the embodiment of the present application, the light can at least enter the light from the first edge, the second edge and the third edge of the grating. Light enters from different sides of the grating, which can avoid the problem of low brightness of the outgoing light due to the high number of reflections of the outgoing light far away from the light-incoming side, thereby ensuring uniform light output from different positions of the grating, ensuring people The eye has the same display effect at different orbital positions and different viewing angles.
  • the light can be respectively coupled into the diffraction waveguide from the first coupling grating, the second coupling grating and the third coupling grating, by controlling the first coupling grating, the second coupling grating and the
  • the amount of light coupled into and out of the third grating can control the amount of light coupled into and out of the grating from different positions, so as to further improve the uniformity of light output from different positions of the grating.
  • the extension direction of the first pupil expansion grating and the pupil expansion direction are the same as the extension direction of the first edge, so the light emitted from the first pupil expansion grating can be transmitted to the coupling from different positions of the first edge.
  • the grating is used to further improve the uniformity of the incoming light at different positions of the coupled out grating, thereby improving the uniformity of the outgoing light at different positions of the coupled out grating.
  • the extension direction of the second pupil expansion direction and the pupil expansion direction are the same as the extension direction of the second edge, so the light emitted from the second pupil expansion grating can be transmitted to the outcoupling grating from different positions on the second edge, further improving the outcoupling The uniformity of light incident at different positions of the grating, thereby improving the uniformity of light output at different positions of the grating.
  • the first pupil expansion grating and the outcoupling grating are located on the same surface of the waveguide substrate. Specifically, both the first pupil expansion grating and the outcoupling grating may be located on the first surface or the second surface of the waveguide substrate. At this time, the first pupil expansion grating is located on a side of the first edge away from the second edge, so that the outgoing light from the first pupil expansion grating can be transmitted from the first edge to the outcoupling grating.
  • the first pupil expansion grating and the outcoupling grating are located on different surfaces of the waveguide substrate. Specifically, in some implementation manners, the first pupil expansion grating is located on the second surface of the waveguide base, and the outcoupling grating is located on the first surface of the waveguide base. Alternatively, in some other implementation manners, the first pupil expansion grating may also be located on the first surface of the waveguide base, and the outcoupling grating is located on the second surface of the waveguide base.
  • the orthographic projection of the first pupil expanding grating on the surface where the outcoupling grating is located is located on the side of the first edge away from the second edge, or at least part of the orthographic projection of the first pupil expanding grating on the surface where the outcoupling grating is located is at least part of the outcoupling grating.
  • the gratings are overlapped, so that the outgoing light of the first pupil expanding grating can enter the outcoupling grating from the first edge of the outcoupling grating or a region of the outcoupling grating close to the first edge.
  • the size of the first direction of the diffractive waveguide can be smaller, so that the diffractive waveguide can be more suitable for miniaturized in electronic equipment.
  • the second pupil expansion grating and the outcoupling grating are located on the same surface of the waveguide base, that is, both the second pupil expansion grating and the outcoupling grating are located on the first surface or the second surface of the waveguide base.
  • the second pupil expansion grating is located on a side of the second edge away from the first edge, so that the outgoing light from the second pupil expansion grating can be transmitted from the second edge to the outcoupling grating.
  • the second pupil expansion grating and the outcoupling grating are located on different surfaces of the waveguide substrate. Specifically, in some embodiments, the second pupil expansion grating is located on the first surface of the waveguide base, and the outcoupling grating is located on the second surface of the waveguide base. In some other embodiments of the present application, the second pupil expansion grating may also be located on the second surface of the waveguide base, and the outcoupling grating is located on the first surface of the waveguide base.
  • the orthographic projection of the second pupil expansion grating on the surface where the outcoupling grating is located is located on the side of the second edge away from the first edge, or at least part of the orthographic projection of the second pupil expansion grating on the surface where the outcoupling grating is located is at least part of the outcoupling grating.
  • the gratings are overlapped, so that the outgoing light of the second pupil expanding grating can enter the outcoupling grating from the second edge of the outcoupling grating or a region of the outcoupling grating close to the second edge.
  • the size of the first direction of the diffractive waveguide can be smaller, so that the diffractive waveguide can be more suitable for miniaturized in electronic equipment.
  • the first coupling grating and the first pupil expansion grating are located on the same surface of the waveguide base, that is, both the first coupling grating and the first pupil expansion grating are located on the first surface or the second surface of the waveguide base.
  • the first coupling grating is located in the extension direction of the first pupil expansion grating, so that the light coupled out by the first coupling grating can enter from one end of the first pupil expansion grating, and then pass through the expansion of the first pupil expansion grating to thereby All positions in the extension direction of the first pupil expansion grating can have light exit, and then light can be incident at different positions on the first edge, so as to improve the light uniformity of the outcoupling grating, and then improve the output of the outcoupling grating. Light uniformity at different positions.
  • the first coupling grating and the first pupil expanding grating are located on different surfaces of the waveguide substrate. Specifically, in some embodiments, the first coupling grating is located on the first surface of the waveguide base, and the first pupil expanding grating is located on the second surface of the waveguide base. In some other embodiments of the present application, the first coupling grating may also be located on the second surface of the waveguide base, and the first pupil expanding grating is located on the first surface of the waveguide base.
  • the orthographic projection of the first coupling grating on the surface where the first pupil expansion grating is located is located in the extension direction of the first pupil expansion grating, or the orthographic projection of the first coupling grating on the surface where the first pupil expansion grating is located is at least A part overlaps with the first pupil expanding grating, so that the light coupled out by the first coupling grating can be incident from one end of the first pupil expanding grating.
  • the size of the diffraction grating in the second direction can be smaller, so that the diffraction waveguide can be more suitable for miniaturized electronic devices.
  • the second incoupling grating and the second pupil expansion grating are located on the same surface of the waveguide base, that is, both the second incoupling grating and the second pupil expansion grating are located on the first surface or the second surface of the waveguide base.
  • the second in-coupling grating is located in the extension direction of the second pupil-expanding grating, so that the light coupled out by the second in-coupling grating can enter from one end of the second pupil-expanding grating, and then pass through the expansion of the second pupil-expanding grating to thereby All positions in the extension direction of the second pupil expansion grating can have light exit, and then light can be incident at different positions on the second edge, so as to improve the light uniformity of the outcoupling grating, and then improve the output of the outcoupling grating. Light uniformity at different positions.
  • the second coupling grating and the second pupil expansion grating are located on different surfaces of the waveguide base. Specifically, in some embodiments, the second coupling grating is located on the first surface of the waveguide base, and the second pupil expanding grating is located on the second surface of the waveguide base. In some other embodiments of the present application, the second coupling grating may also be located on the second surface of the waveguide base, and the second pupil expanding grating is located on the first surface of the waveguide base.
  • the orthographic projection of the second coupling grating on the surface where the second pupil expansion grating is located is located in the extension direction of the second pupil expansion grating, or the orthographic projection of the second coupling grating on the surface where the second pupil expansion grating is located is at least A part overlaps with the second pupil expanding grating, so that the light coupled out by the second coupling grating can be incident from one end of the second pupil expanding grating.
  • the size of the diffraction grating in the second direction can be smaller, so that the diffraction waveguide can be more suitable for miniaturized electronic devices.
  • the third incoupling grating and the outcoupling grating are located on the same surface of the waveguide substrate, that is, both the third incoupling grating and the outcoupling grating are located on the first surface or the second surface of the waveguide substrate.
  • the third incoupling grating is located on the side of the third edge away from the fourth edge, or the third incoupling grating is located on the side of the fourth edge away from the third edge, so that the light coupled out by the third incoupling grating can be
  • the third edge or the fourth edge of the outcoupling grating is incident to the outcoupling grating, which is different from the position of the first pupil expansion grating and the second pupil expansion grating, which is coupled into the outcoupling grating, so that the different sides of the outcoupling grating Both can have light incident, so as to improve the light uniformity of the outcoupling grating, and then improve the light output uniformity of different positions of the outcoupling grating.
  • the orthographic projection of the third incoupling grating on the surface where the outcoupling grating is located is at least partly located on the outcoupling grating, compared with the third incoupling grating or the orthographic projection of the third incoupling grating on the surface where the outcoupling grating is located on the third
  • the size of the diffraction grating in the second direction can be smaller, so that the diffraction waveguide can be more suitable for miniaturized electronic devices middle.
  • the diffractive waveguide further includes a fourth in-coupling grating, and the fourth in-coupling grating and the out-coupling grating are located on the same surface of the waveguide substrate, that is, both the fourth in-coupling grating and the out-coupling grating are located on the first surface of the waveguide substrate. surface or second surface.
  • the fourth coupling grating is located on a side of the third edge away from the fourth edge, or the fourth coupling grating is located on a side of the fourth edge away from the third edge.
  • the fourth incoupling grating By adding the fourth incoupling grating, it is possible to increase the incident light of the outcoupling grating from the third edge or the fourth edge side, thereby further improving the uniformity of the incident light from different sides of the outcoupling grating.
  • the third in-coupling grating and the fourth in-coupling grating are respectively located on both sides of the out-coupling grating, so as to further improve the uniformity of light incident from different sides of the out-coupling grating.
  • the diffractive waveguide further includes a fourth in-coupling grating, and the fourth in-coupling grating and the out-coupling grating are located on different surfaces of the waveguide substrate.
  • the fourth incoupling grating is located on the first surface of the waveguide base, and the outcoupling grating is located on the second surface of the waveguide base.
  • the fourth incoupling grating may also be located on the second surface of the waveguide base, and the outcoupling grating is located on the first surface of the waveguide base.
  • the orthographic projection of the fourth in-coupling grating on the surface where the out-coupling grating is located is located on the side of the third edge away from the fourth edge or on the side of the fourth edge away from the third edge, or the fourth in-coupling grating is on the side of the out-coupling grating
  • the orthographic projection of the surface on which the grating is located is at least partially located at the outcoupling grating and close to the third edge or close to the fourth edge.
  • the third in-coupling grating and the fourth in-coupling grating are respectively located on both sides of the out-coupling grating, so as to further improve the uniformity of incoming light from different sides of the out-coupling grating.
  • the orthographic projection of the fourth in-coupling grating on the surface where the out-coupling grating is located is at least partially located at the out-coupling grating and close to the third edge or close to the fourth edge, relative to the fourth in-coupling grating or the fourth out-coupling grating
  • the orthographic projection of the input grating on the surface where the outcoupling grating is located is located on the side of the third edge away from the fourth edge or the side of the fourth edge away from the third edge
  • the size of the diffraction waveguide in the second direction can be smaller, Therefore, the diffractive waveguide can be more suitable for miniaturized electronic equipment.
  • the first pupil expansion grating and the second pupil expansion grating are both one-dimensional gratings, and the first pupil expansion grating and the second pupil expansion grating expand the light transmitted therein in the second direction;
  • the first The pupil expansion grating includes third grooves arranged in an array
  • the second pupil expansion grating includes fourth grooves arranged in an array in the second direction, the third grooves are parallel to the first grooves, and the fourth grooves are parallel to the first grooves.
  • the two grooves are parallel.
  • the depth of the third groove gradually increases in a direction away from the first coupling grating; and the depth of the fourth groove gradually increases in a direction away from the second coupling grating.
  • the depth of the third groove remains constant, the number of reflections of the light at the position far away from the first coupling-in grating in the first pupil expansion grating will be more, so the light output intensity will be higher at the position farther away from the first coupling-in grating. weak.
  • the greater the depth of the third groove the higher the intensity of the light transmitted to the position of the third groove.
  • the depth of the third groove of the first pupil expanding grating farther from the first coupling Gradual increase in the direction of the entrance grating can make the light output from each position in the extension direction of the first pupil expansion grating more uniform, thereby ensuring that the incident light from each position of the first edge of the outcoupling grating can be more uniform , thereby improving the light uniformity of the outcoupling grating.
  • the depth of the fourth groove is always kept constant, the number of reflections of the light at the position away from the second in-coupling grating in the second pupil expansion grating is more, so the light is emitted at a position farther away from the second in-coupling grating. The strength will be weaker.
  • the depth of the fourth groove of the second pupil expanding grating farther from the second coupling Gradual increase in the direction of the entrance grating can make the light output from each position in the extension direction of the second pupil expansion grating more uniform, thereby ensuring that the incident light from each position of the second edge of the outcoupling grating can be more uniform , thereby improving the light uniformity of the outcoupling grating.
  • the depths of the first groove and the second groove gradually increase.
  • the number of reflections of the light rays that are far away from the third coupling grating in the outcoupling grating undergoes more reflections, so the farther away from the third coupling grating The light intensity will be weaker.
  • the greater the depth of the groove, the higher the light intensity of the light transmitted to the groove position therefore, in this embodiment, by making the depth of the first groove and the second groove in the direction away from the third coupling grating Gradually increasing, can make the output of light at each position of the outcoupling grating more uniform, avoiding that the output light at the position where the outcoupling grating is far away from the third coupling grating is weaker than the output light at the position where the outcoupling grating is close to the third coupling grating problem arises.
  • the acute angles between the first groove and the second groove and the first direction are both 15° to 75°, so that the outcoupling grating can realize two-way coupling of the light coupled into it. dimension expansion.
  • the third groove is parallel to the first groove, and the second groove is parallel to the fourth groove, it can be ensured that the output grating from the first pupil expanding grating can be transmitted to the first edge of the outcoupling grating.
  • the exit grating of the two pupil expansion gratings can be transmitted to the second edge of the outcoupling grating.
  • the first coupling grating, the second coupling grating, and the third coupling grating are all one-dimensional gratings, and the first coupling grating, the second coupling grating, and the third coupling grating can be better
  • the external light is coupled into the diffraction waveguide, and the light coupled in from the first coupling grating can be transmitted to the first pupil expanding grating, and the light coupled in from the second coupling grating can be transmitted to the second pupil expanding grating, Light coupled in from the third in-coupling grating can be transmitted to the out-coupling grating.
  • the size of the first pupil expansion grating in the second direction is greater than or equal to the size of the first edge in the second direction, so that the exit light of the first pupil expansion grating can be uniformly transmitted to the first edge of each location.
  • the size of the second pupil expansion grating in the second direction is greater than or equal to the size of the second edge in the second direction, so that the exit light of the second pupil expansion grating can be uniformly transmitted to each position of the second edge.
  • one end of the first pupil expansion grating in the second direction is flush with the third edge or exceeds the third edge; the other end of the first pupil expansion grating in the second direction is flush with the fourth edge or beyond the fourth edge.
  • One end of the second pupil expansion grating in the second direction is equal to or exceeds the third edge; the other end of the second pupil expansion grating in the second direction is equal to or exceeds the fourth edge.
  • the present application further provides an optical assembly, which includes an optical machine, a first refraction portion, a second refraction portion, a third refraction portion, and the above-mentioned diffractive waveguide.
  • the first refraction part includes the first refraction member and the first vibrating mirror
  • the second refraction part includes the second refraction member and the second vibrating mirror
  • the third refraction part includes the third refraction member and the third vibrating mirror; to send light.
  • the reflective surface of the first oscillating mirror faces the first coupling grating and the first refraction element, and the reflection surface of the first oscillating mirror forms an included angle with the first coupling grating and the first refraction part, and the first refraction element is used to transmit At least part of the light that reaches the first deflector is reflected to the first oscillating mirror, and the first oscillating mirror is used to reflect the light transmitted to the first oscillating mirror to the first coupling grating.
  • the reflective surface of the third oscillating mirror faces the third coupling grating and the third refraction element, and the reflection surface of the third oscillating mirror forms an included angle with the third coupling grating and the third refraction element, and the third refraction element is used to transmit At least part of the light that reaches the third refracting member is reflected to the third oscillating mirror, and the third oscillating mirror is used to reflect the light transmitted to the second oscillating mirror to the third coupling grating.
  • the intensity of the light transmitted to the first coupling grating, the second coupling grating, and the third coupling grating can be controlled, Therefore, the intensity of the light transmitted to different positions of the grating is controlled, thereby effectively controlling the uniformity of the light coupled from different positions of the grating.
  • the first oscillating mirror and the first coupling grating are located on the same side of the waveguide substrate, and the first refractive element and the first coupling grating are located on the same side or different sides of the waveguide substrate, so as to pass through the first refractive element.
  • the light is transmitted to the first coupling grating.
  • the second oscillating mirror and the second coupling grating are located on the same side of the waveguide substrate, and the second refraction member and the second coupling grating are located on the same side or different sides of the waveguide substrate, so as to pass the cooperation between the second refraction member and the second oscillating mirror Transmit light to a second incoupling grating.
  • the third oscillating mirror and the third coupling grating are located on the same side of the waveguide substrate, and the third refracting member and the third coupling grating are located on the same side or different sides of the waveguide substrate, so that through the cooperation of the third refracting member and the third vibrating mirror Transmit light to a third incoupling grating.
  • At least one of the first refraction member, the second refraction member and the third refraction member is a beam splitter, part of the light transmitted to the beam splitter passes through and continues to be transmitted to another refraction member, and the other part
  • the light is reflected by the beam splitter and transmitted to the vibrating mirror corresponding to the beam splitter.
  • the light emitted by the optical machine is divided into different beams and transmitted in different directions through the beam splitter, so as to ensure that part of the light emitted by the optical machine can be transmitted to the first coupling grating, part of the light can be transmitted to the second coupling grating, and part of the light can be transmitted to the second coupling grating.
  • Light can be transmitted to a third incoupling grating.
  • the optical machine, the first refraction element, the third refraction element, and the second refraction element are sequentially arranged in the first direction;
  • the light is transmitted to the first refraction member, and the first refraction member is used to transmit part of the light transmitted to the first refraction member to the third refraction member, and the other part of the light is transmitted to the first vibrating mirror
  • the third refraction member is used to transmit part of the light transmitted to the third refraction member to the second refraction member, and the other part of the light is transmitted to the third vibrating mirror;
  • the second refraction member is used for At least part of the light transmitted to the second refraction member is transmitted to the second vibrating mirror.
  • the optical assembly further includes at least one optical part, at least one optical part is located on the optical path from the optical machine to the first refraction part, the second refraction part or the third refraction part, and the light emitted by the optical machine passes through the optical part After being reflected or split, the beam enters the first refraction member, the second refraction member or the third refraction member.
  • the transmission direction of the light is changed by at least one optical element, so as to ensure that part of the light emitted by the optical machine can be transmitted to the first coupling grating, part of the light can be transmitted to the second coupling grating, and part of the light can be transmitted to the third coupling grating.
  • the optical element includes a first optical element and a second optical element, and the optical machine, the first optical element, the first refraction element, and the second refraction element are sequentially arranged in the first direction , the second optical element and the third refractive element are also arranged sequentially in the first direction, and the first optical element and the second optical element are arranged in the second direction;
  • the optical machine is used to transmit the emitted light to the first optical component, and the first optical component is used to transmit part of the light transmitted to the first optical component to the first refracting component, and the other part
  • the light is transmitted to the second optical element;
  • the first refraction element is used to transmit part of the light transmitted to the first refraction element to the second refraction element, and the other part of the light is transmitted to the first oscillating mirror ;
  • the second refraction member is used to transmit at least part of the light transmitted to the second refraction member to the second vibrating mirror;
  • the second optical member is used to transmit at least part of the light
  • the present application further provides an electronic device, which includes a structural component and the above-mentioned optical component, and the optical component is installed on the structural component. Since the outcoupling grating of the optical component can have uniform light output, when the user uses the electronic device, it can be guaranteed that the user's eyes can see basically the same display effect at different orbital positions and different viewing angles.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical assembly according to a first embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the light transmission side of the diffraction waveguide of the optical component shown in FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the diffraction waveguide in FIG. 3 cut along position I-I.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along II-II of the first coupling grating in FIG. 3 .
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the first pupil expansion grating cut along position III-III in Fig. 3 according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the first pupil expansion grating cut along position III-III in FIG. 3 according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical assembly according to a second embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a structural schematic diagram of another viewing angle of the optical assembly shown in FIG. 9 .
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical assembly according to a third embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a diffraction waveguide of the optical component shown in FIG. 11 .
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical assembly according to a fourth embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a diffraction waveguide of the optical component shown in FIG. 13 .
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical assembly according to a fifth embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 16 is a structural schematic diagram of another viewing angle of the optical assembly of the embodiment shown in FIG. 15 .
  • FIG. 18 is a structural schematic diagram of another direction of the diffraction waveguide of the optical component shown in FIG. 15 .
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical assembly according to a sixth embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 20 is a structural schematic view of another viewing angle of the optical assembly of the embodiment shown in FIG. 19 .
  • FIG. 21 is a schematic structural view of a diffraction waveguide of the optical component shown in FIG. 19 in one direction.
  • FIG. 22 is a structural schematic diagram of another direction of the diffraction waveguide of the optical component shown in FIG. 19 .
  • FIG. 23 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical assembly according to a seventh embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 24 is a structural schematic view of another viewing angle of the optical assembly of the embodiment shown in FIG. 23 .
  • FIG. 25 is a structural schematic diagram of one direction of the diffraction waveguide of the optical component shown in FIG. 23 .
  • FIG. 26 is a structural schematic diagram of another direction of the diffraction waveguide of the optical component shown in FIG. 23 .
  • FIG. 27 is a schematic structural diagram of another direction of the diffraction waveguide of the optical component according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • the following embodiments of the present application provide an electronic device, which may include but not limited to an augmented reality (virtual reality, VR) device or a mixed reality (mixed reality, MR) device. Its specific forms include but are not limited to forms such as smart glasses and head-mounted devices.
  • the electronic device of the present application is described by taking the electronic device as AR smart glasses as an example.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device 1000 of the present application.
  • the electronic device 1000 is AR smart glasses.
  • the electronic device 1000 may include a structural component 200 and an optical component 100 .
  • the structural member 200 is used for fixing, supporting and containing the optical assembly 100 .
  • the structural member 200 may include a mirror frame 201 and temples 202 .
  • the spectacle frame 201 is located in front of the user's eyes, and the temples 202 are placed on the user's ears.
  • the above-mentioned structure of the structural member 200 is only an example, and can be designed according to requirements in other embodiments.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical component 100 according to a first embodiment of the present application.
  • the optical component 100 includes a diffractive waveguide 10 , a first refraction portion 20 , a second refraction portion 30 , a third refraction portion 40 and an optical machine 50 .
  • the edge of the diffractive waveguide 10 can be fixed in the mirror frame 201, and the diffractive waveguide 10 can be used as a "lens" of the smart glasses 1000, which can display images and pass through external light so that the human eye can see external environment.
  • the first refraction part 20, the second refraction part 30, the third refraction part 40 and the light engine 50 can be accommodated in the frame 201 and/or the temple 202 of the smart glasses 1000.
  • the first refraction portion 20, the second refraction portion 30, and the third refraction portion 40 are all set corresponding to the edges of the diffractive waveguide 10, that is, the first refraction portion 20, the second refraction portion 30, the third refraction portion
  • the orthographic projections of the refraction parts 40 on the diffractive waveguide 10 are located at the edge of the diffractive waveguide 10, so that when the edge of the diffractive waveguide 10 is accommodated in the frame 201, the first refraction part 20, the second refraction part 30, and the third refraction part 40 are also accommodated in the mirror frame 201, so as not to block the light incident on the human eye through the diffraction waveguide 10 from the outside.
  • the optical machine 50 can also be accommodated in the mirror frame 201 for emitting light to the first refraction part 20 , the second refraction part 30 and the third refraction part 40 .
  • the first refraction part 20, the second refraction part 30, and the third refraction part 40 can split the light emitted by the optical machine 50 and change the transmission direction of different beams after splitting, so that different beams are transmitted from different positions to the diffracted waveguide 10, so that light can be transmitted to the diffraction waveguide 10 from different positions, that is, the light transmitted to the diffraction waveguide 10 is more uniform than when it is diffracted into the diffraction waveguide 10 from the same position, thereby improving the light output from the diffraction waveguide 10 uniformity.
  • the installation position of the above-mentioned optical component 100 in the smart glasses 1000 is only an example, and is not a limitation to this embodiment.
  • the optical machine 50 can be accommodated in the temple 202 of the smart glasses 1000 .
  • the first direction is the X-axis direction shown in FIG. 2, which is roughly the longitudinal direction of the diffractive waveguide 10, wherein the positive direction of the X-axis is the positive direction of the first direction, and the negative direction of the X-axis is the negative direction of the first direction.
  • the second direction is the Y-axis direction in Fig. 2, which is roughly the height direction of the diffraction waveguide 10, wherein the positive direction of the Y-axis is the positive direction of the second direction, and the negative direction of the Y-axis is the negative direction of the second direction;
  • the third direction is the Z-axis direction in FIG.
  • the first direction, the second direction and the third direction are orthogonal to each other.
  • the first direction Z may include two directions on the coordinate axis Z
  • the second direction X may include two directions on the coordinate axis X.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the diffraction waveguide 10 of the optical component 100 shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the diffractive waveguide 10 includes a waveguide base 11 and a first in-coupling grating 12, a second in-coupling grating 13, a third in-coupling grating 14, an out-coupling grating 15, a first pupil expanding The grating 16 and the second pupil expanding grating 17.
  • At least part of the light coupled into the diffractive waveguide 10 can be totally reflected between the first surface 11a and the second surface 11b of the waveguide substrate 11, so as to realize the complete reflection of the light in the diffractive waveguide 10. transmission.
  • light can be coupled into the diffraction waveguide 10 through the first coupling grating 12 , the second coupling grating 13 and the third coupling grating 14 .
  • the light coupled out of the grating 15 can be transmitted to human eyes after exiting, thereby realizing near-eye display.
  • the light beam emitted by the optical machine 50 can enter the outcoupling grating 15 through different positions and output the light through the outcoupling grating 15 .
  • the light beam enters the outcoupling grating 15 from a single position since the outgoing light has more reflection times in the diffraction waveguide 10 in the area far away from the in-coupling position than in the area close to the in-coupling position, the light energy will be Weaker, so that the light intensity of the outgoing light far away from the in-coupling position is weaker than that of the outgoing light near the in-coupling position.
  • the first coupling grating 12 , the second coupling grating 13 and the third coupling grating 14 are all one-dimensional gratings. It can be understood that, in other embodiments of the present application, the first coupling grating 12 , the second coupling grating 13 and the third coupling grating 14 may also be two-dimensional gratings.
  • the light incident on the first coupling grating 12 will be diffracted and split, and the diffraction-order light can be coupled into the diffractive waveguide 10 and transmitted through the waveguide substrate 11 to the first pupil expansion grating 16; the light incident to the second coupling grating 13 is diffracted and split, and the diffraction-first-order light can be coupled into the diffraction waveguide 10 and transmitted to the second pupil expansion grating through the waveguide substrate 11 17 : Diffraction and splitting occur on the light incident to the third in-coupling grating 14 , and the diffraction-first-order light can be coupled into the diffractive waveguide 10 and transmitted to the out-coupling grating 15 through the waveguide substrate 11 .
  • FIG. 6 the implementation shown in FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the first coupling-in grating 12 in FIG. 3 taken along II-II.
  • the first coupling grating 12, the second coupling grating 13 and the third coupling grating 14, the first pupil expanding grating 16, the second pupil expanding grating 17 and the coupling out grating 15 all have grooves on the surface. Slotted plate structure.
  • grooves are arranged in an array on the surfaces of the first coupling grating 12 , the second coupling grating 13 and the third coupling grating 14 .
  • the grooves arranged in the array can diffract and split the light incident on the first coupling grating 12, the second coupling grating 13 and the third coupling grating 14, and the light part after diffraction and splitting can be transmitted and coupled into the diffraction waveguide within 10.
  • the groove has a rectangular cross section. It can be understood that, in some other embodiments of the present application, the cross section of the groove may also be a triangle, a parallelogram, a semicircle and other structures, which are not specifically limited in the present application.
  • the extending direction of the groove 12e is also Other orientations are possible.
  • the extending direction of the groove 12e may form a certain angle with the first direction.
  • the first coupling grating 12 and the first pupil expanding grating 16 are located on the same surface of the waveguide substrate 11 . Specifically, in this embodiment, the first coupling grating 12 and the first pupil expansion grating 16 are located on the first surface 111 of the waveguide base 11 . It can be understood that, in some other embodiments of the present application, both the first coupling grating 12 and the first pupil expansion grating 16 may also be located on the second surface 112 of the waveguide substrate 11 . In this embodiment, the first coupling grating 12 is located in the positive direction of the second direction of the first pupil expanding grating 16 .
  • the first coupling grating 12 may also be located in the negative direction of the second direction of the first pupil expanding grating 16 .
  • the extension direction of the first pupil expansion grating 16 is the second direction
  • the first coupling grating 12 can be located in the positive direction or the negative direction of the second direction of the first pupil expansion grating 16, which is to illustrate this embodiment Among them, the first coupling grating 12 is located in the positive extension direction or the negative extension direction of the first pupil expansion grating 16 .
  • the first coupling grating 12 and the first pupil expansion grating 16 may also be located on different surfaces of the waveguide substrate 11, for example, the first coupling grating 12 and the first pupil expansion grating 16 are located on the first The surface 11a and the second surface 11b, or, the first coupling grating 12 and the first pupil expansion grating 16 are respectively located on the second surface 11b and the first surface 11a.
  • the orthographic projection of the first coupling grating 12 on the surface where the first pupil expansion grating 16 is located is located on the first pupil expansion grating 16. In the extension direction (including the positive extension direction and the negative extension direction), or the orthographic projection of the first coupling grating 12 on the surface where the first pupil expansion grating 16 is located at least partly coincides with the first pupil expansion grating 16 .
  • the second coupling grating 13 and the second pupil expanding grating 17 are located on the same surface of the waveguide substrate 11 . Specifically, in this embodiment, both the second coupling grating 13 and the second pupil expanding grating 17 are located on the first surface 111 of the waveguide substrate 11 . It can be understood that, in some other embodiments of the present application, both the second incoupling grating 13 and the second pupil expansion grating 17 may also be located on the second surface 112 of the waveguide substrate 11 . In this embodiment, the second coupling grating 13 is located in the positive direction of the second direction of the second pupil expanding grating 17 .
  • the second coupling grating 13 and the second pupil expansion grating 17 may also be located on different surfaces of the waveguide substrate 11, for example, the second coupling grating 13 and the second pupil expansion grating 17 are located on the first The surface 11a and the second surface 11b, or, the second coupling grating 13 and the second pupil expansion grating 17 are respectively located on the second surface 11b and the first surface 11a.
  • the orthographic projection of the second coupling grating 13 on the surface where the second pupil expansion grating 17 is located is located on the second pupil expansion grating 17. In the extension direction (including the positive extension direction and the negative extension direction), or the orthographic projection of the second coupling grating 13 on the surface where the second pupil expansion grating 17 is located at least partly coincides with the second pupil expansion grating 17 .
  • the first coupling grating 12 is located in the positive direction of the second direction of the first pupil expanding grating 16, that is, the distance between the center of the first pupil expanding grating 16 and the center of the first coupling grating 12
  • the extension direction of the connection line is the second direction, and the extension direction of the connection line between the center of the first pupil expansion grating 16 and the center of the first coupling grating 12 may deviate slightly from the second direction;
  • the second coupling grating 13 is located at
  • the positive direction of the second direction of the second pupil expansion grating 17 can be that the extension direction of the center of the second pupil expansion grating 17 and the center of the second coupling grating 13 is the second direction, and can also be the second pupil expansion
  • the extension direction of the line connecting the center of the grating 17 and the center of the second coupling grating 13 deviates slightly from the second direction.
  • the third incoupling grating 14 and the outcoupling grating 15 are located on the same surface of the waveguide substrate 11 . Specifically, in this embodiment, the third coupling-in grating 14 and the out-coupling grating 15 are located on the first surface 111 of the waveguide substrate 11 . It can be understood that, in some other embodiments of the present application, both the third incoupling grating 14 and the outcoupling grating 15 may also be located on the second surface 112 of the waveguide substrate 11 . In this embodiment, the third coupling-in grating 14 is located on a side of the third edge 15c away from the fourth edge 15d. It can be understood that, in other embodiments of the present application, the third coupling-in grating 14 may also be located on the side of the fourth edge 15d away from the third edge 15c.
  • the orthographic projection of the third in-coupling grating 14 on the surface where the second pupil expanding grating 17 is located is located on the extension of the second pupil expanding grating 17.
  • direction including the positive extension direction and the negative extension direction
  • the first coupling grating 12 , the second coupling grating 13 and the third coupling grating 14 are all one-dimensional gratings. It can be understood that, in other embodiments of the present application, the first coupling grating 12 , the second coupling grating 13 and the third coupling grating 14 may also be two-dimensional gratings.
  • the light incident on the first in-coupling grating 12 will be diffracted and split, and the diffraction-order light can be coupled into the waveguide substrate 11 and transmitted to The first pupil expansion grating 16; the light incident to the second coupling grating 13 is diffracted and split, and the diffraction-first-order light can be coupled into the waveguide substrate 11 and transmitted to the second pupil expansion grating 17 through the waveguide substrate 11 Diffraction and light splitting occur on the light incident to the third in-coupling grating 14 , and the diffraction-first-order light can be coupled into the waveguide substrate 11 and transmitted to the outcoupling grating 15 through the waveguide substrate 11 .
  • the surfaces of the first coupling grating 12, the second coupling grating 13 and the third coupling grating 14 are all provided with grooves in an array, and incident to the first coupling grating 12, the second coupling grating 13 and the third coupling-in grating 14 can be diffracted and split when they irradiate the grooves arranged in the array, so that the light incident to the first coupling-in grating 12, the second coupling-in grating 13 and the third coupling-in grating 14 can Diffraction and light splitting occur.
  • W shown in FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the first coupling-in grating 12 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the cross section of the grooves of the first coupling grating 12 , the second coupling grating 13 and the third coupling grating 14 is rectangular, and the cross section of the grating structure is also rectangular. It can be understood that, in some other embodiments of the present application, the cross section of the groove and the cross section of the grating structure may also be triangular, parallelogram, semicircular and other structures, which are not specifically limited in the present application.
  • the first coupling grating 12, the second coupling grating 13, and the third coupling grating 14 are arrayed in the first direction.
  • the grooves are grooves 12e, and the extending direction of the grooves 12e is the first direction. . It can be understood that, in other embodiments of the present application, the extending direction of the trench 12e may also form an included angle with the first direction.
  • the outcoupling grating 15 includes opposite first edges 15a, second edges 15b, and opposite third edges 15c and fourth edges 15d.
  • the first edge 15a and the second edge 15b are arranged at intervals in the first direction of the diffractive waveguide 10
  • the third edge 15c and the fourth edge 15d are arranged at intervals in the second direction of the diffractive waveguide 10
  • the third edge 15c is located between the first edge 15a and the second edge 15b.
  • the outcoupling grating 15 is a rectangular structure, the first edge 15a, the second edge 15b, the third edge 15c, and the fourth edge 15d are the four sides of the outcoupling grating 15, and the first edge 15a and the second edge 15b The extension directions of the third edge 15c and the fourth edge 15d are both the first direction. It can be understood that, in other embodiments of the present application, the outcoupling grating 15 may also be in other shapes such as a circle and a trapezoid, and the shape of the outcoupling grating 15 is not specifically limited in this application.
  • both the first pupil expansion grating 16 and the outcoupling grating 15 are located on the first surface 11 a of the waveguide substrate 11 , and the first pupil expansion grating 16 is located on the side of the first edge 15 a away from the second edge 15 b. It can be understood that, in some other embodiments of the present application, the first pupil expansion grating 16 and the outcoupling grating 15 may also be respectively located on the first surface 11 a and the second surface 11 b of the waveguide substrate 11 .
  • the orthographic projection of the first pupil expansion grating 16 on the surface where the outcoupling grating 15 is located is located away from the first edge 15a.
  • One side of the second edge 15b, or at least part of the orthographic projection of the first pupil expanding grating 16 on the surface where the outcoupling grating 15 is located overlaps the outcoupling grating 15 and is close to the first edge 15a.
  • both the second pupil expansion grating 17 and the outcoupling grating 15 are located on the first surface 11 a of the waveguide substrate 11 , and the second pupil expansion grating 17 is located on the side of the second edge 15 b away from the first edge 15 a.
  • the first pupil expansion grating 16 , the outcoupling grating 15 and the second pupil expansion grating 17 of this embodiment are arranged at intervals in sequence along the first direction.
  • the second pupil expansion grating 17 and the outcoupling grating 15 may also be respectively located on the first surface 11 a and the second surface 11 b of the waveguide substrate 11 .
  • the orthographic projection of the second pupil expansion grating 17 on the surface where the outcoupling grating 15 is located is located away from the second edge 15b.
  • One side of the first edge 15a, or at least part of the orthographic projection of the second pupil expansion grating 17 on the surface where the outcoupling grating 15 is located overlaps the outcoupling grating 15 and is close to the second edge 15b.
  • the extension direction of the first pupil expansion grating 16 is the same as the extension direction of the first edge 15a
  • the extension direction of the second pupil expansion grating 17 is the same as the extension direction of the second edge 15b.
  • the extension direction of the first pupil expansion grating 16, the extension direction of the first edge 15a, the extension direction of the second pupil expansion grating 17, and the extension direction of the second edge 15b are all the second direction.
  • Both the first pupil expansion grating 16 and the second pupil expansion grating 17 are one-dimensional gratings in the second direction.
  • the light can be transmitted in the extension direction of the first pupil expansion grating 16 and exit at various positions in the extension direction of the first pupil expansion grating 16 .
  • the light can be transmitted along the extension direction of the second pupil expansion grating 17 and exit at various positions along the extension direction of the second pupil expansion grating 17 .
  • the outgoing light can be transmitted to the first edge 15a of the outcoupling grating 15, and coupled into the outcoupling grating 15 from the first edge 15a; edge 15b, and coupled into the outcoupling grating 15 from the second edge 15b.
  • light can be transmitted from the third in-coupling grating 14 , the first pupil expansion grating 16 and the second pupil expansion grating 17 to the out-coupling grating 15 , because the third in-coupling grating 14 is located on the third side of the out-coupling grating 15 .
  • Edge 115c is away from the side of the fourth edge 115d
  • the first pupil expansion grating 16 is located at the side of the first edge 15a of the outcoupling grating 15 away from the second edge 15b
  • the second pupil expansion grating 17 is located at the second edge 15b away from the first
  • light can be coupled into the outcoupling grating 15 from the first edge 15a, the second edge 15b, and the third edge 115c of the outcoupling grating 15.
  • the light enters light from different sides of the outcoupling grating 15, which can avoid the problem of low energy of the outgoing light far from the light incident side due to the high number of reflections, thereby ensuring the low brightness of the outgoing light, thereby ensuring the output from the outcoupling
  • the light output from different positions of the grating 15 is uniform, ensuring that the human eye has the same display effect at different orbital positions and different viewing angles.
  • each position in the extension direction of the first pupil expansion grating 16 can be transmitted to the first edge 15a of the outcoupling grating 15
  • Each position of the outcoupling grating 15, that is, each position of the first edge 15a of the outcoupling grating 15 can have light incident uniformly, further improving the uniformity of light incident at different positions of the outcoupling grating 15, and further improving the light intensity from different positions of the outcoupling grating 15. Light uniformity.
  • the length L2 of the second pupil expansion grating 17 in the second direction is greater than or equal to the length D2 of the first edge 15a of the outcoupling grating 15 in the second direction, and the second pupil expansion grating 17
  • the two ends of the pupil grating 17 are flush with the two ends of the second edge 15b, or, the two ends of the second pupil expanding grating 17 exceed the two ends of the second edge 15b.
  • each position of the outcoupling grating 15 can have light incident uniformly, thereby ensuring that each position of the second edge 15b of the outcoupling grating 15 can have light incident uniformly, further improving the outcoupling grating
  • the exit light of the first pupil expansion grating 16 may be incident on the first edge 15a of the outcoupling grating 15 at another angle, and the exit light of the second pupil expansion grating 17 may be incident on the first edge 15a of the outcoupling grating 15 at Other angles are incident to the second edge 15b of the outcoupling grating 15.
  • the first pupil dilating grating The two ends of 16 may not be flush with the two ends of the first edge 15a, and the two ends of the second pupil expansion grating 16 may not be flush with the two ends of the second edge 15b.
  • grooves are arranged in an array on the first pupil expansion grating 16 and the second pupil expansion grating 17 .
  • the light transmitted to the first pupil expansion grating 16 and the second pupil expansion grating 17 can produce diffraction and light splitting through the grooves arranged in the array, so that the light transmitted to the first pupil expansion grating 16 and the second pupil expansion grating 17 One-dimensional pupil dilation.
  • the groove on the first pupil expanding grating 16 is the third groove 12c, and the extension direction of the third groove 12c forms an included angle of 60° with the negative direction of the first direction.
  • the third groove 12c in the case of ensuring that the outgoing light from each position in the length direction of the first pupil expansion grating 16 can be transmitted to the outcoupling grating 15, the third groove 12c
  • the extending direction may also be other directions.
  • the acute angle formed between the extending direction of the third groove 12c and the first direction is 15°-75°.
  • the extension direction of the third groove 12c forms an included angle of 45° with the negative direction of the first direction.
  • the outcoupling grating 15 can have uniform incident light.
  • Various positions of the grating 15 can have more uniform light output. Specifically, in this embodiment, the 0-order reflection of the light transmitted to the first pupil expansion grating 16 propagates in the second direction, and the reflection +1-order light reaches the outcoupling grating 15 through total reflection.
  • the groove on the second pupil expanding grating 17 is the fourth groove 12d
  • the extension direction of the fourth groove 12d forms an included angle of 60° with the positive direction of the first direction.
  • the fourth groove 12d may also be other directions.
  • the acute angle between the extension direction of the fourth groove 12d and the first direction is 15°-75°.
  • the extending direction of the fourth groove 12d forms an included angle of 45° with the positive direction of the first direction.
  • the angle formed by the third groove 12c and the positive direction of the first direction is the same as the angle formed by the fourth groove 12d and the negative direction of the first direction, so as to ensure that the first expansion
  • the pupil grating 16 and the second pupil expansion grating 17 are arranged symmetrically on both sides of the first direction of the outcoupling grating 15, the light coupled out by the first pupil expansion grating 16 and the second pupil expansion grating 17 can equally reach the coupling.
  • the outcoupling grating 15 further improves the uniformity of light coupled into different positions of the outcoupling grating 15 , and further improves the uniformity of light outcoupling from different positions of the outcoupling grating 15 .
  • the 0th order of diffraction of the light transmitted to the second pupil expanding grating 17 propagates in the second direction, and the +1st order of diffraction of the light reaches the outcoupling grating 15 through total reflection.
  • the first pupil expansion grating 16 and the second pupil expansion grating 17 are mirror symmetrical structures respectively arranged on opposite sides of the outcoupling grating 15 in the first direction, that is, the first pupil expansion grating 16 and the second pupil expansion grating
  • the shape of the two pupil expansion gratings 17 is the same, the period of the groove on the first pupil expansion grating 16 is the same as the period of the groove on the second pupil expansion grating 17, the groove on the first pupil expansion grating 16 is the same as the first direction
  • the included angle in the positive direction is the same as the included angle between the groove on the second pupil expanding grating 17 and the negative direction of the first direction, thereby ensuring that the first pupil expanding grating 16 and the second pupil expanding grating 17 can separate the light rays
  • the design difficulty of the first pupil expansion grating 16 and the second pupil expansion grating 17 is simplified.
  • the first pupil expansion grating 16 and the second pupil expansion grating 17 can also be non-mirror symmetrical structures.
  • the first pupil expansion grating 16 and the second pupil expansion grating 17 can have different shapes.
  • the period of the groove on the pupil expansion grating 16 is different from the period of the groove on the second pupil expansion grating 17, and the angle between the groove on the first pupil expansion grating 16 and the positive direction of the first direction is different from that of the second pupil expansion grating.
  • the included angles between the grooves on the grating 17 and the negative direction of the first direction are different.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the first pupil expansion grating 16 taken along position III-III in FIG. 3 according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the depth of the groove of the first pupil expansion grating 16 ie, the third groove 12 c
  • the number of reflections of the light at the position away from the first coupling grating 12 in the first pupil expansion grating 16 is more, so at the position farther away from the first coupling grating 12 The light intensity will be weaker.
  • the depth of the third groove 12c of the first pupil expanding grating 16 in The gradual increase in the direction away from the first in-coupling grating 12 can make the exit light of the light at each position in the extending direction of the first pupil expansion grating 16 more uniform, thereby ensuring that the output from each position of the first edge 15a of the out-coupling grating 15 The incident light at the position can be more uniform, thereby improving the uniformity of the light output from the grating 15 .
  • the openings of the third groove 12c are located on the same surface, and the bottom walls of the third groove 12c are located at different heights, so that the depth of the third groove 12c can vary.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the first pupil dilation grating 16 taken along position III-III in FIG. 3 according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • the groove bottom walls of 121 of the third grooves 12c are at the same height, and the tops of the grating structures formed between adjacent third grooves 12c are on different planes, thereby realizing the third groove The depth of the groove 12c varies.
  • the depth of the grooves of the second pupil expansion grating 17 increases gradually in a direction away from the second coupling grating 13 .
  • the depth of the fourth groove 12d remains constant, since the light rays in the second pupil expanding grating 17 far away from the second in-coupling grating 13 undergo more reflection times, the farther away from the second in-coupling grating 13 The position where the light intensity will be weaker. Since the greater the depth of the fourth groove 12d, the higher the light intensity of the light transmitted to the position of the fourth groove 12d can be.
  • the depth of the fourth groove 12d of the second pupil expanding grating 17 Gradually increasing in the direction away from the second incoupling grating 13 can make the exit light of the light at each position in the length direction of the second pupil expanding grating 17 more uniform, thereby ensuring that the light from the second edge 15b of the outcoupling grating 15 The incident light at each position can be more uniform, thereby further improving the light output uniformity of the outcoupling grating 15 .
  • the first pupil expansion grating 16 is a one-dimensional grating in the first direction, that is, the light can be transmitted in the first pupil expansion grating 16, and can be uniformly transmitted to the outcoupling grating in the second direction. 15 , therefore, the light beam emitted from the first pupil expanding grating 16 can be uniformly transmitted to the outcoupling grating 15 from different positions of the first edge 15 a.
  • the second pupil expansion grating 17 is a one-dimensional grating in the first direction, that is, the light can be transmitted in the second pupil expansion grating 17, and can be uniformly transmitted to the outcoupling grating 15 in the second direction, Therefore, the light beam emitted from the second pupil expanding grating 17 can be uniformly transmitted into the outcoupling grating 15 from different positions of the second edge 15 b.
  • the outcoupling grating 15 is a two-dimensional grating in the first direction and the second direction, that is, the light transmitted in the outcoupling grating 15 can be transmitted along the first direction and the second direction, and can be transmitted in the first direction and the second direction. Light is output evenly on the top, so as to ensure that the light output from the grating 15 can be more uniform.
  • the outcoupling grating 15 is a two-dimensional grating in the first direction and the second direction, and the light can be transmitted and emitted in the first direction and the second direction of the outcoupling grating 15, so that the light It is possible to uniformly extract light from various positions of the outcoupling grating 15 .
  • the outcoupling grating 15 is also provided with grooves in an array, and the light incident on the outcoupling grating 15 is diffracted and split through the grooves arranged in the array, so that the light incident on the outcoupling grating 15 can be sent to the first direction and the second direction to transmit and output light, realize the two-dimensional pupil expansion of light in the outcoupling grating 15, so as to realize the uniform light output at different positions of the outcoupling grating 15, and then ensure that the human eye is in different orbital positions and different viewing angles. All have the same display effect.
  • the grooves on the outcoupling grating 15 include first grooves 12a arranged in an array in the first direction and second grooves 12b arranged in an array in the second direction, wherein the first grooves 12a and The third groove 12c is parallel, and the second groove 12b is parallel to the fourth groove 12d. It can be understood that, under the condition of ensuring that light can be coupled out of the grating 15 for two-dimensional pupil expansion, the extension direction of the first groove 12a can also be other directions, and the extension direction of the second groove 12b can also be other directions.
  • the depths of the grooves of the outcoupling grating 15 gradually increase in a direction away from the third incoupling grating 14 .
  • the depths of the first groove 12a and the second groove 12b are always kept constant, the number of reflections of light rays that are far away from the position of the third coupling grating 14 in the outcoupling grating 15 passes through more times.
  • the intensity of light emitted from the position entering the grating 14 will be weaker. Since the greater the depth of the groove, the higher the light intensity of the light transmitted to the groove position can be.
  • the direction of 14 gradually increases, which can make the output of light at each position of the outcoupling grating 15 more uniform, and prevent the outcoupling grating 15 from the position of the third in-coupling grating 14.
  • the out-coupling grating 15 is closer to the third in-coupling grating The problem arises that the emitted light is weaker at the position of the grating 14 .
  • the optical machine 50 can be used to emit light beams carrying image information.
  • the optical machine 50 is a laser, and the light beam carrying image information emitted by it is a laser beam.
  • the light of the laser beam is all parallel light, and the laser beam can have higher energy, better concentration, and better signal transmission effect.
  • the laser beams may be RGB three-color lasers.
  • the optical machine 50 may also have other structures.
  • the optical machine 50 may also be a structure such as a micro OLED display.
  • the first refraction part 20 , the second refraction part 30 and the third refraction part 40 can change the direction of the light beam emitted by the optical machine 50 so that the light beam emitted by the optical machine 50 can be transmitted to the diffractive waveguide 10 .
  • the first refraction part 20, the second refraction part 30 or the third refraction part 40 can also have a spectroscopic effect, so as to split the light beam emitted by the optical machine 50 and then transmit it to different positions on the diffractive waveguide 10, And enter the diffractive waveguide 10 from different positions of the diffractive waveguide 10, so that the light output from the diffractive waveguide 10 is more uniform.
  • the light emitted by the optical machine 50 is split by the first refraction part 20, the second refraction part 30 and the third refraction part 40, and can pass through the first optical member 61, the second optical member 62, the second optical member 61 and the second optical member according to actual needs.
  • the first refraction element 21, the second refraction element 31 and the third refraction element 41 control the proportion of light incident on different positions on the diffractive waveguide 10, thereby further improving the uniformity of light output from different positions of the outcoupling grating 15, thereby ensuring that the human eye It has the same display effect at different orbital positions and different viewing angles.
  • the first refraction part 20, the second refraction part 30 and the third refraction part 40 all include a refraction element and a vibrating mirror.
  • the light is reflected into the diffractive waveguide 10 .
  • the refraction member may be a beam splitter or a light reflection element.
  • the beam splitter includes a beam splitting surface, and the light irradiated on the beam splitting surface can be partially transmitted and partially reflected, so that the light beam can be split by the beam splitter.
  • the beam splitting surface of the beam splitter is covered with a partially transmissive partially reflective film, and when light irradiates the partially transmissive partially reflective film, part of the light can pass through and other part of the light can be reflected.
  • different partially transmissive partial reflection films are covered on the light splitting surface, so that the ratio of light transmission and the ratio of reflected light transmitted to the partial transmission partial reflection film can be controlled.
  • the optical splitter may also be of other types.
  • the light-splitting surface of the beam splitter may be covered with a filter film, and when the light is irradiated on the filter film, part of the wavelength band of light can pass through the filter film, and other part of the light can be reflected.
  • different beam splitters can transmit and reflect light of different wavelength bands.
  • the reflective element is a reflector, reflective prism and other components, including a reflective surface, and the light transmitted to the reflective surface can be completely reflected.
  • the first refraction part 20 includes the first refraction member 21 and the first vibrating mirror 22
  • the second refraction part 30 includes the second refraction member 31 and the second vibrating mirror 32
  • the third refraction part 40 includes the third diopter 41 and the third vibrating mirror 42.
  • the first refraction member 21 and the third refraction member 41 are beam splitters
  • the second refraction member 31 is a reflective element.
  • the first refraction member 21, the third refraction member 41 and the second refraction member 31 are all located on the side of the first surface 11a of the waveguide substrate 11 away from the second surface 11b, and the first refraction member 21, the third refraction member Both the deflector 41 and the second deflector 31 correspond to a side of the third edge 115c of the outcoupling grating 115 away from the fourth edge 115d.
  • the side where the third edge 15c of the outcoupling grating 15 is away from the fourth edge 15d in this application may refer to: the third edge 15c and the extension line of the third edge 15c are far away from the fourth edge 15d and the fourth edge 15d on one side of the extension cord.
  • the first refraction member 21 , the third refraction member 41 and the second refraction member 31 are arranged corresponding to the upper edge of the diffractive waveguide 110 .
  • the optical machine 50 , the first refraction member 21 , the third refraction member 41 and the second refraction member 31 are sequentially arranged in the positive direction of the first direction. It can be understood that, in the embodiment of the present application, the optical machine 50 , the first refraction member 21 , the third refraction member 41 and the second refraction member 31 may also be arranged in other arrangements.
  • the light beam emitted by the optical machine 50 is transmitted to the first refraction member 21 along the first direction, part of the light transmitted to the first refraction member 21 passes through the dichroic surface of the first refraction member 21, and part of the light is reflected to the first oscillating mirror 22;
  • the light passing through the dichroic surface of the first refraction member 21 continues to transmit to the third refraction member 41 along the first direction, part of the light transmitted to the third refraction member 41 passes through the dichroic surface of the third refraction member 41, and part of the light is reflected to the first
  • the three vibrating mirrors 42 the light beam passing through the dichroic surface of the third refraction member 41 continues to transmit to the second refraction member 31 along the first direction.
  • the vibrating mirror includes a reflective surface, and the light irradiated on the reflecting surface of the vibrating mirror will undergo total reflection.
  • the first vibrating mirror 22, the second vibrating mirror 32 and the third vibrating mirror 42 are all micro-electromechanical systems (micro electro mechanical systems, MEMS) vibrating mirrors, and the MEMS vibrating mirrors can be driven by signals to rotate to change The direction of the light beam reflected by the reflective surface of the MEMS galvanometer realizes dynamic picture display.
  • MEMS micro electro mechanical systems
  • the first oscillating mirror 22 is located in the negative direction of the second direction of the first refraction element 21, the reflective surface of the first oscillating mirror 22 is inclined relative to the first coupling grating 12 and the first refraction element 21, and the second The reflective surface of a oscillating mirror 22 faces the first coupling grating 12 and the first refraction element 21, the first refraction element 21 can reflect part of the light transmitted to the first refraction element 21 to the first oscillating mirror 22, and part of the light is still along the The first direction is transmitted to the third refractive element 41 .
  • the light transmitted to the first oscillating mirror 22 is completely reflected to the first coupling grating 12 by the reflective surface of the first oscillating mirror 22 .
  • the third oscillating mirror 42 is located in the negative direction of the second direction of the third deflection member 41, the reflective surface of the third vibrating mirror 42 is inclined relative to the third coupling grating 14 and the third refracting member 41, and the third vibrating mirror 42 The reflective surface faces the third coupling grating 14 and the third refraction member 41.
  • the third refraction member 41 can reflect part of the light transmitted to the third refraction member 41 to the third vibrating mirror 42, and part of the light is still transmitted along the first direction to the the second refraction member 31 .
  • the light transmitted to the third oscillating mirror 42 is completely reflected to the third coupling grating 14 by the reflection surface of the third oscillating mirror 42 .
  • the second oscillating mirror 32 is located in the negative direction of the second direction of the second refraction member 31, the reflective surface of the second oscillating mirror 32 is inclined relative to the second coupling grating 13 and the second refraction member 31, and the second oscillating mirror 32
  • the reflective surface faces the second coupling grating 13 and the second refraction member 31, and the second refraction member 31 can reflect at least part of the light transmitted to the second refraction member 31 to the second oscillating mirror 32, and then pass through the second oscillating mirror 32.
  • the reflective surface reflects all the light transmitted to the second vibrating mirror 32 to the second coupling grating 13 .
  • the second refraction member 31 is a reflective element, which can reflect all the light transmitted to the second refraction member 31 to the second oscillating mirror 32 . It can be understood that, in other embodiments of the present application, the second refraction member 31 may also be a beam splitter, so as to reflect part of the light to the second vibrating mirror 32 .
  • the direction of the arrow in FIG. 2 is the transmission direction of the light in the optical component 100 of the first embodiment of the present application.
  • the light beam emitted by the optical machine 50 is transmitted to the first refracting member 21 . Since the first refraction member 21 is a beam splitter, the light transmitted to the first refraction member 21 can be split by the first refraction member 21 . After the light transmitted to the first refraction member 21 is split by the first refraction member 21, part of the light continues to transmit to the third refraction member 41 along the first direction, and part of the light is reflected by the first refraction member 21 and then transmitted to the first vibrating mirror 22.
  • the first oscillating mirror 22 reflects all the light to the first coupling grating 12, part of the light is coupled into the diffraction waveguide 10 through the first coupling grating 12, and the light coupled into the diffraction waveguide 10 is at least partially passed through the first expansion
  • the pupil grating 16 transmits to the outcoupling grating 15 .
  • the third refraction member 41 is also a beam splitter, and the light transmitted to the third refraction member 41 can be split by the third refraction member 41 .
  • the third oscillating mirror 42 reflects all the light to the third coupling grating 14, part of the light is coupled into the diffraction waveguide 10 through the third coupling grating 14, and the light coupled into the diffraction waveguide 10 is at least partially transmitted to the outcoupling grating 15.
  • the second refraction member 31 is a reflector, therefore, all the light transmitted to the second refraction member 31 can be reflected by the second refraction member 31 to the second oscillating mirror 32, and the second oscillating mirror 32 reflects all the light To the second in-coupling grating 13 , part of the light is coupled into the diffraction waveguide 10 through the second in-coupling grating 13 , and at least part of the light coupled into the diffraction waveguide 10 is transmitted to the out-coupling grating 15 through the second pupil expanding grating 17 .
  • the first refraction unit 120, the second refraction unit 130, and the third refraction unit 140 can split the light emitted by the optical machine 50 into beams, and can pass through the first refraction unit 20, the second refraction unit according to actual needs.
  • the part 30 and the third refraction part 40 control the ratio of the light incident to the first coupling grating 12, the second coupling grating 13 and the third coupling grating 14, so as to further ensure the light incident to different positions of the coupling out grating 15.
  • the light intensity can further improve the light output uniformity of different positions of the outcoupling grating 15, thereby ensuring that the human eye has the same display effect at different orbital positions and different viewing angles.
  • the arrangement direction and arrangement position of the optical machine 50, the first refraction member 21, the third refraction member 41 and the second refraction member 31 can be changed, and by adjusting the The arrangement direction and arrangement position of the first refraction member 21 , the third refraction member 41 and the second refraction member 31 .
  • the arrangement direction of the optical machine 50, the first refraction member 21, the third refraction member 41, and the second refraction member 31 may not be along the first direction, and by adjusting the dichroic surface of the first refraction member 21 The direction can still make at least part of the light transmitted to the second refraction member 31 through the first refraction member 21 and the third refraction member 41 in sequence, and at the same time, it can be adjusted to pass through the first refraction member 21, the second refraction member 31 and the third refraction member 41 The direction of the reflected light.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical component 200 according to a second embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural schematic diagram of another viewing angle of the optical component 200 shown in FIG. 9
  • the arrows in FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 indicate the transmission direction of the light in the optical component 200 of this embodiment.
  • the structure of the optical assembly 200 of this embodiment is basically the same as that of the optical assembly 100 of the embodiment shown in FIG. .
  • Both the second refraction member 31 and the third refraction member 41 of the third refraction portion 40 are located on the side of the second surface 11 b of the waveguide substrate 11 away from the first surface 11 a.
  • the light reflected by the first refraction member 21 is transmitted to the first oscillating mirror 22 through the waveguide substrate 11
  • the light reflected by the second refraction member 31 is transmitted to the second oscillating mirror 32 through the waveguide substrate 11
  • the light reflected by the element 41 is transmitted to the third vibrating mirror 42 through the waveguide substrate 11 .
  • the third oscillating mirror 42 After the light transmitted to the third refraction member 41 is split by the third refraction member 41, part of the light continues to transmit to the second refraction member 31 along the first direction, and part of the light is reflected by the third refraction member 41 and then transmitted toward the direction of the waveguide substrate 11 , and transmitted through the waveguide substrate 11 to the third oscillating mirror 42 , the third oscillating mirror 42 reflects all the light to the third coupling grating 14 , and part of the light is coupled into the diffraction waveguide 10 through the third coupling grating 14 .
  • the second refraction member 31 is a reflector, therefore, all the light transmitted to the second refraction member 31 can be transmitted by the second refraction member 31 to the direction of the waveguide substrate 11, and transmitted to the second refraction member 31 through the waveguide substrate 11.
  • Two vibrating mirrors 32 the second vibrating mirror 32 reflects all the light to the second coupling grating 13 , and part of the light is coupled into the diffraction waveguide 10 through the second coupling grating 13 .
  • the first refraction element 21 and the third refraction element 41 can split the light emitted by the optical machine 50 into beams, and the split light can be split by the first refraction part 20 , the second refraction part 30 and the third refraction part 30 .
  • the beamed light is transmitted to the light of the first coupling grating 12, the second coupling grating 13 and the third coupling grating 14, thereby passing through the first coupling grating 12, the second coupling grating 13 and the third coupling grating 14 couples light into the diffractive waveguide 10 .
  • the embodiment of the present application can control the incidence to the first coupling grating 12 , the second coupling grating 13 and the third coupling grating through the first refractive element 21 , the second refractive element 31 and the third refractive element 41 according to actual needs. 14, thereby adjusting the intensity of light incident to different positions of the outcoupling grating 15, adjusting the uniformity of light entering the outcoupling grating 15 from different positions, and further improving the uniformity of light output at different positions of the outcoupling grating 15 In order to ensure that the human eye has the same display effect in different orbital positions and different viewing angles.
  • the optical machine 50 by disposing the optical machine 50, the first refraction member 21, the second refraction member 31, and the third refraction member 41 on the side of the second surface 11b of the waveguide substrate 11 away from the first surface 11a,
  • the first oscillating mirror 22, the second oscillating mirror 32 and the third oscillating mirror 42 are arranged on the side of the first surface 11a of the waveguide substrate 11 away from the second surface 11b, so that the weight of both sides of the waveguide substrate 11 of the diffractive waveguide 10 It can be more uniform, so that the weight distribution of the optical component 100 is more uniform, thereby improving the wearing comfort of the smart glasses 1000 .
  • the thicknesses of both sides of the waveguide base 11 of the diffractive waveguide 10 are relatively equal, so that the installation of the optical component 100 can be more convenient.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical component 300 according to a third embodiment of the present application. Wherein, the arrow in FIG. 11 indicates the transmission direction of the light in the optical component 300 of this embodiment.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of the diffraction waveguide 10 of the optical component 300 shown in FIG. 11 .
  • the structure of this embodiment is basically the same as that of the optical assembly 300 shown in FIG. The difference between the optical assembly 300 of this embodiment and the optical assembly 100 of the embodiment shown in FIG.
  • the optical assembly 300 further includes two optical components, the two optical components are respectively the first optical component 61 and the second optical component 62 .
  • the optical machine 50, the first optical element 61, the first refraction element 21 and the second refraction element 31 are arranged sequentially in the positive direction of the first direction, and the second optical element 62 and the third refraction element 41 are also arranged in the first direction.
  • the first optical element 61, the first refraction element 21 and the second refraction element 31 are arranged on the side of the fourth edge 15d of the outcoupling grating 15 away from the third edge 15c, and the second optical element 62 and the third refraction element 41 is set on the side of the third edge 15c of the outcoupling grating 15 away from the fourth edge 15d, so that the first optical element 61, the first refraction element 21, the second refraction element 31, the second optical element 62 and the second refraction element 31 can be avoided.
  • the three-fold refractive element 41 blocks the outcoupling grating 15, and can avoid blocking the user's field of view by the first optical element 61, the first refractive element 21, the second refractive element 31, the second optical element 62, and the third refractive element 41 .
  • the side where the fourth edge 15d of the outcoupling grating 15 is away from the third edge 15c in this application may refer to: the fourth edge 15d and the extension line of the fourth edge 15d are far away from the third edge 15c and the third edge 15c on one side of the extension cord.
  • the side where the third edge 15c of the outcoupling grating 15 is away from the fourth edge 15d in this application may refer to: the third edge 15c and the extension line of the third edge 15c are far away from the fourth edge 15d and the fourth edge 15d side of the extension cord. That is, in this embodiment, the first optical element 61 , the first refractive element 21 and the second refractive element 31 are arranged corresponding to the lower edge of the diffractive waveguide 10 , and the second optical element 62 and the third refractive element 41 correspond to the bottom edge of the diffractive waveguide 10 . Upper edge setting. In this embodiment, the second optical component 62 is located in the positive direction of the second direction of the first optical component 61 .
  • the first optical element 61 and the first refracting element 21 are beam splitters
  • the second optical element 62 , the second refracting element 31 and the third refracting element 41 are all reflective elements. It can be understood that, in some other embodiments of the present application, the second optical member 62, the second refraction member 31 and the third refraction member 41 may also be beam splitters.
  • the transmission path of the light emitted by the optical machine 50 is specifically: the light beam emitted by the optical machine 50 is transmitted to the first optical component 61 along the first direction. Since the first optical element 61 is a beam splitter, the light transmitted to the first optical element 61 can be split by the first optical element 61 . After the light transmitted to the first optical element 61 is split by the first optical element 61, part of the light continues to transmit to the first refracting element 21 along the first direction, and part of the light is transmitted to the second direction after being reflected by the first optical element 61. Second optics 62 . Since the second optical element 62 is a reflective element, it can reflect all the light transmitted from the first optical element 61 .
  • the light reflected by the second optical element 62 is transmitted to the third refractive element 41 along the first direction.
  • the third refraction member 41 is a reflector, therefore, all the light transmitted to the third refraction member 41 can be reflected by the third refraction member 41 to the third oscillating mirror 42, and the third oscillating mirror 42 reflects all the light to the third coupling grating 14, and coupled into the diffraction waveguide 10 through the third coupling grating 14. Since the first refraction member 21 is a beam splitter, the light transmitted to the first refraction member 21 can be split by the first refraction member 21 .
  • the first oscillating mirror 22 reflects all the light to the first coupling grating 12 , and part of the light is coupled into the diffraction waveguide 10 through the first coupling grating 12 .
  • the second refraction member 31 is a reflector, therefore, all the light transmitted to the second refraction member 31 can be reflected by the second refraction member 31 to the second oscillating mirror 32, and the second oscillating mirror 32 absorbs all the light It is reflected to the second coupling grating 13 and coupled into the diffraction waveguide 10 through the second coupling grating 13 .
  • the light beam emitted by the optical machine 50 can be split by the first optical member 61 and the first refraction member 21, and can be split by the first optical member 61, the second optical member 62, the first refraction member according to actual needs.
  • the second refraction member 31 and the third refraction member 41 control the ratio of the light incident to the first coupling grating 12, the second coupling grating 13 and the third coupling grating 14, so as to further ensure that the light incident to the outcoupling
  • the intensity of light at different positions of the grating 15 further improves the uniformity of light output from different positions of the grating 15 , thereby ensuring that the human eye has the same display effect at different orbital positions and different viewing angles.
  • the second optical member 62 and the third refraction member 41 are relative to the diffraction waveguide 10.
  • the lower edge of the waveguide 10 is arranged so as to make the weight distribution of the optical component 100 more uniform, thereby improving the wearing comfort of the smart glasses 1000 .
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical component 400 according to a fourth embodiment of the present application. Wherein, the arrow in FIG. 13 indicates the transmission direction of the light in the optical component 400 of this embodiment.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of the diffraction waveguide 10 of the optical component 400 shown in FIG. 13 .
  • the structure of this embodiment is basically the same as that of the optical assembly 300 of the embodiment shown in FIG. An optical component 61 and a second optical component 62 . The difference between the optical assembly 400 of this embodiment and the optical assembly 400 of the embodiment shown in FIG.
  • the fourth in-coupling grating 18 is located on the side of the fourth edge 15d of the out-coupling grating 15 away from the third edge 15c.
  • the fourth in-coupling grating 18 and the third in-coupling grating 14 are symmetrically arranged on opposite sides of the out-coupling grating 15 . After the light enters through the third in-coupling grating 14 and the fourth in-coupling grating 18 , it is directly transmitted to the out-coupling grating 15 through the transmission of the waveguide substrate 11 .
  • the optical assembly 400 further includes a fourth refraction portion 70 , and the fourth refraction portion 70 can transmit part of the light emitted by the optical machine 50 to the fourth coupling grating 18 .
  • the first pupil expansion grating 16 is located on the side where the first edge 15a of the outcoupling grating 15 is away from the second edge 15b, and the outgoing light of the first pupil expansion grating 16 can pass through the first edge 15a of the outcoupling grating 15.
  • Each position of the outcoupling grating 15 is coupled into the outcoupling grating 15; the second pupil expansion grating 17 is located on the side of the second edge 15b of the outcoupling grating 15 away from the first edge 15a, and the outgoing light of the second pupil expansion grating 17 can pass through the outcoupling grating 15
  • Each position of the second edge 15b of the outcoupling grating 15 is coupled into the outcoupling grating 15;
  • the third incoupling grating 14 is located on the side of the third edge 15c of the outcoupling grating 15 away from the fourth edge 15d, and the outgoing light of the third incoupling grating 14 can
  • the outcoupling grating 15 is coupled in from the third edge 15c of the outcoupling grating 15; the fourth incoupling grating 18 is located on the side of the fourth edge 15d of the outcoupling grating 15 away from the third edge 15c, and the output of the fourth incoupling grating 18 Light can be coupled into
  • the light can be incident on the outcoupling grating 15 from the first edge 15a, the second edge 15b, the third edge 15c and the fourth edge 15d of the outcoupling grating 15, thereby further improving the light incident on the outcoupling grating. 15, so as to further improve the uniformity of the light emitted from the outcoupling grating 15.
  • the structure of the fourth refraction portion 70 is basically the same as that of the first refraction portion 20 .
  • the fourth refraction part 70 includes a fourth refraction element 71 and a fourth vibrating mirror 72 , and the fourth refraction element 71 is a beam splitter.
  • the optical machine 50, the first refraction member 21, the fourth refraction member 71, and the second refraction member 31 are sequentially arranged in the positive direction of the first direction, and the optical machine 50, the first optical member 61, the first refraction member 21.
  • Both the fourth refractive element 71 and the second refractive element 31 are located on the side of the third edge 15c of the outcoupling grating 15 away from the fourth edge 15d, and the second optical element 62 and the third refractive element 41 are in the square of the first direction They are arranged in sequence upwards, and are all located on the side of the fourth edge 15d of the outcoupling grating 15 away from the third edge 15c.
  • the fourth vibrating mirror 72 is inclined relative to the fourth refraction element 71 and the fourth coupling grating 18, and the reflection surface of the fourth vibrating mirror 72 faces the fourth coupling grating 18 and the fourth refraction element 71.
  • the light reflected by the refraction element 71 can be reflected to the fourth coupling grating 18 through the reflection surface of the fourth oscillating mirror 72 .
  • the transmission path of the light emitted by the optical machine 50 is specifically: the light beam emitted by the optical machine 50 is transmitted to the first optical component 61 along the first direction. Since the first optical element 61 is a beam splitter, the light transmitted to the first optical element 61 can be split by the first optical element 61 . After the light transmitted to the first optical element 61 is split by the first optical element 61, part of the light continues to transmit to the first refracting element 21 along the first direction, and part of the light is transmitted to the second direction after being reflected by the first optical element 61. Second optics 62 .
  • the first refraction member 21 Since the first refraction member 21 is a beam splitter, the light transmitted to the first refraction member 21 can be split by the first refraction member 21 . After the light transmitted to the first refraction member 21 is split by the first refraction member 21, part of the light continues to transmit to the fourth optical member 71 along the first direction, and part of the light is reflected by the first refraction member 21 and then transmitted to the first vibrating mirror 22 , the first oscillating mirror 22 reflects all the light to the first coupling grating 12 . Since the fourth optical element 71 is a beam splitter, the light transmitted to the fourth optical element 71 can be split by the fourth optical element 71 .
  • the fourth oscillating mirror 72 reflects all the light to the fourth coupling grating 18 .
  • the second refraction member 31 is a reflector, therefore, all the light transmitted to the second refraction member 31 can be reflected by the second refraction member 31 to the second oscillating mirror 32, and the second oscillating mirror 32 absorbs all the light Reflected to the second coupling grating 13 , part of the light is coupled into the diffraction waveguide 10 through the second coupling grating 13 .
  • the second optical element 62 is a reflective element, it can reflect all the light transmitted from the first optical element 61 and transmit it to the third refractive element 41 .
  • the third refracting member 41 is also a reflective mirror, capable of reflecting all the light transmitted thereto.
  • the third deflection element 41 reflects all the light transmitted from the second optical element 62 to the third oscillating mirror 42
  • the third oscillating mirror 42 reflects all the light to the third coupling grating 14 .
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical assembly 500 according to a fifth embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 16 is an optical assembly according to the embodiment shown in Fig. 15 500 is a structural schematic diagram of another viewing angle.
  • FIG. 17 is a structural schematic diagram of one direction of the diffraction waveguide 10 of the optical component 500 shown in FIG. Schematic diagram of the structure in the other direction.
  • the arrows in FIG. 15 and FIG. 16 indicate the transmission direction of the light in the optical component 500 of this embodiment.
  • the structure of the optical assembly 500 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 15 is basically the same as that of the optical assembly 100 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 40 and optical machine 50.
  • the difference between the optical component 500 of this embodiment and the optical component 100 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 is: please refer to FIG. 17 and FIG.
  • the grating 13 , the first pupil expanding grating 16 and the second pupil expanding grating 17 are all located on the second surface 11 b of the waveguide substrate 11
  • the third coupling grating 14 and the outcoupling grating 15 are located on the first surface 11 a of the waveguide substrate 11 .
  • the first pupil expansion grating 16 and the second pupil expansion grating 17 are arranged opposite to the outcoupling grating 15 .
  • the orthographic projections of the first pupil dilation grating 16 and the second pupil dilation grating 17 on the first surface 11a are located inside the outcoupling grating 15, and the orthographic projection of the first pupil dilation grating 16 on the first surface 11a is close to At the first edge 15a, the orthographic projection of the second pupil dilation grating 17 on the first surface 11a is close to the second edge 15b.
  • the projections of the first incoupling grating 12 and the second incoupling grating 13 on the first surface 11a may also be partially located in the outcoupling grating 15, or the first incoupling grating
  • the projection of 12 on the first surface 11a is located on the side of the first edge 15a away from the second edge 15b
  • the projection of the second coupling grating 13 on the first surface 11a is located on the side of the second edge 15b away from the first edge 15a .
  • the light exits from the first pupil expansion grating 16 and the second pupil expansion grating 17 it can pass through the waveguide substrate 11 and be transmitted to the outcoupling grating 15 for light output, thereby improving the uniformity of the light entering the outcoupling grating 15. properties, thereby improving the uniformity of the light emitted from the outcoupling grating 15 .
  • the projections of the first in-coupling grating 12 and the second in-coupling grating 13 on the first surface 11a can be located in the out-coupling grating 15, compared with the optical component 100 of the embodiment shown in FIG.
  • the size of the diffraction waveguide 10 of the optical assembly 100 of this embodiment in the first direction can be Smaller, the weight of the optical assembly 500 can also be lighter.
  • the optical assembly 500 further includes a first optical element 61 and a second optical element 62, the first optical element 61, the first refraction element 21 and the second refraction element 31 are sequentially arranged in the first direction, The second optical element 62 and the third refractive element 41 are arranged sequentially in the first direction, and the first refractive element 61 and the second refractive element 62 are arranged in the third direction.
  • the first optical element 61 and the first refraction element 21 are beam splitters
  • the second refraction element 62 , the second refraction element 31 and the third refraction element 41 are light reflection elements. It can be understood that, in some other embodiments of the present application, the second refraction member 62 , the second refraction member 31 and the third refraction member 41 may also be beam splitters.
  • the transmission path of the light emitted by the optical machine 50 is specifically: the light beam emitted by the optical machine 50 is transmitted to the first optical component 61 along the first direction. Since the first optical element 61 is a beam splitter, the light transmitted to the first optical element 61 can be split by the first optical element 61 . After the light transmitted to the first optical element 61 is split by the first optical element 61, part of the light continues to transmit to the first refracting element 21 along the first direction, and part of the light is transmitted to the second direction after being reflected by the first optical element 61. Second optics 62 .
  • the first refraction member 21 is a beam splitter, the light transmitted to the first refraction member 21 can be split by the first refraction member 21 .
  • part of the light continues to transmit to the second refraction member 31 along the first direction, and part of the light is reflected by the first refraction member 21 and then transmitted to the first vibrating mirror 22 , the first oscillating mirror 22 reflects all the light to the first coupling grating 12 , and part of the light is coupled into the diffraction waveguide 10 through the first coupling grating 12 .
  • the second refraction member 31 Since the second refraction member 31 is a reflecting mirror, all the light transmitted to the second refraction member 31 can be reflected by the second refraction member 31 to the second oscillating mirror 32, and the second oscillating mirror 32 reflects all the light to the second oscillating mirror 32.
  • the in-coupling grating 13 part of the light is coupled into the diffraction waveguide 10 through the second in-coupling grating 13 .
  • the second optical element 62 Since the second optical element 62 is a reflective element, it can reflect all the light transmitted from the first optical element 61 and transmit it to the third refractive element 41 .
  • the third refracting member 41 is also a reflective mirror, capable of reflecting all the light transmitted thereto.
  • the third refraction element 41 reflects all the light transmitted from the second optical element 62 to the third vibrating mirror 42, and the third vibrating mirror 42 reflects all the light to the third coupling grating 14, and part of the light coupled into the diffraction waveguide 10 through the third coupling grating 14 .
  • the first optical element 61 and the first refraction element 21 can split the light emitted by the optical machine 50 into beams, and the first optical element 61 and the first refraction element 21 can be used to control the light incident on the first optical element 61 and the first refraction element 21 according to actual needs.
  • the uniformity of light output ensures that the human eye has the same display effect at different orbital positions and different viewing angles.
  • the projections of the first in-coupling grating 12 and the second in-coupling grating 13 on the first surface 11a can be located in the out-coupling grating 15, compared with the optical component 100 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 Since the first pupil expansion grating 16 and the second pupil expansion grating 17 are not located on both sides of the outcoupling grating 15 in the first direction, the size of the diffraction waveguide 10 of the optical assembly 100 of this embodiment in the first direction can be Smaller, the weight of the optical assembly 500 can also be lighter.
  • the structure of the optical assembly 600 in this embodiment is basically the same as that of the optical assembly 500 in the embodiment shown in FIG. Machine 50, first optical component 61 and second optical component 62.
  • the light coupled into the diffraction waveguide 10 from the third in-coupling grating 14 can be coupled in to the out-coupling grating 15 from the third edge 15c of the out-coupling grating 15 .
  • the in-coupling grating 15 can expand the pupil of the light two-dimensionally, the light expands toward the fourth edge 15 d , the first edge 15 a and the second edge 15 b of the out-coupling grating 15 .
  • the structure of different positions of the grating is uniform (that is, the material of the grating, the groove depth, the groove period, etc.
  • the light coupled into the diffraction waveguide 10 by the third in-coupling grating 14 can be coupled into the out-coupling grating 15 from the third edge 15c of the out-coupling grating 15, that is, the side of the out-coupling grating 15 close to the fourth edge 15d
  • the intensity of the emitted light is weaker than that of the emitted light from the third edge 15c.
  • the first coupling grating 12 is located in the negative direction of the second direction of the first pupil expansion grating 16, that is, the light transmitted from the first pupil expansion grating 16 to the first edge 15a close to the fourth edge 15d Compared with the first edge 15a, the intensity of light near the third edge 15c will be stronger; similarly, since the second incoupling grating 13 is located in the negative direction of the second direction of the second pupil expanding grating 17, that is, from the second pupil expanding The intensity of the light transmitted by the pupil grating 16 to the second edge 15b and close to the fourth edge 15d is stronger than that of the light close to the third edge 15c from the second edge 15b, so that it is transmitted to the outcoupling grating 15 with the third in-coupling grating 14
  • the light inside is complementary, so as to further improve the uniformity of the light coupled out from each position of the grating 15 .
  • the optical assembly 600 further includes a third optical component 63 , which is a reflective element and used to further reflect the light reflected from the second optical component 62 to the third coupling grating 14 .
  • the transmission path of the light emitted by the optical machine 50 is specifically: the light beam emitted by the optical machine 50 is transmitted to the first optical component 61 along the first direction. Since the first optical element 61 is a beam splitter, the light transmitted to the first optical element 61 can be split by the first optical element 61 . After the light transmitted to the first optical element 61 is split by the first optical element 61, part of the light continues to transmit to the first refracting element 21 along the first direction, and part of the light is transmitted to the second direction after being reflected by the first optical element 61. Second optics 62 .
  • the first refraction member 21 is a beam splitter, the light transmitted to the first refraction member 21 can be split by the first refraction member 21 .
  • part of the light continues to transmit to the second refraction member 31 along the first direction, and part of the light is reflected by the first refraction member 21 and then transmitted to the first vibrating mirror 22 , the first oscillating mirror 22 reflects all the light to the first coupling grating 12 , and part of the light is coupled into the diffraction waveguide 10 from the first coupling grating 12 .
  • the second refraction member 31 Since the second refraction member 31 is a reflecting mirror, all the light transmitted to the second refraction member 31 can be reflected by the second refraction member 31 to the second oscillating mirror 32, and the second oscillating mirror 32 reflects all the light to the second oscillating mirror 32.
  • the in-coupling grating 13 part of the light is coupled into the diffraction waveguide 10 through the second in-coupling grating 13 .
  • the second optical element 62 Since the second optical element 62 is a reflective element, it can reflect all the light transmitted from the first optical element 61 and transmit it to the third optical element 63 , and the third optical element 63 further reflects all the light to the third refractive element 41 .
  • the third refracting member 41 is also a reflective mirror, capable of reflecting all the light transmitted thereto.
  • the third refraction element 41 reflects all the light transmitted from the second optical element 62 to the third vibrating mirror 42, and the third vibrating mirror 42 reflects all the light to the third coupling grating 14, and part of the light It is coupled into the diffraction waveguide 10 from the third coupling grating 14 .
  • the first optical element 61 and the first refraction element 21 can split the light emitted by the optical machine 50 into beams, and the first optical element 61 and the first refraction element 21 can be used to control the light incident on the first optical element 61 and the first refraction element 21 according to actual needs.
  • the uniformity of light output at different positions ensures that the human eye has the same display effect at different orbital positions and different viewing angles.
  • the first coupling grating 12, the second coupling grating 13, the first pupil expanding grating 16, the second pupil expanding grating 17, the third coupling grating 14, and the coupling out grating 15 are located on the waveguide substrate respectively. 11, so that the size of the diffractive waveguide 10 in the first direction can be smaller and lighter.
  • the first coupling grating 12 of the diffraction waveguide 10 is located in the negative direction of the second direction of the first pupil expansion grating 16, and the second coupling grating 13 of the diffraction waveguide 10 is located in the second pupil expansion grating 17.
  • the third coupling grating 14 of the diffraction waveguide 10 is located in the positive direction of the second direction of the outcoupling grating 15, which can further improve the light output uniformity of each position of the outcoupling grating 15.
  • FIG. 23 is a schematic structural diagram of the optical assembly 700 of the seventh embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 24 is the optical assembly of the embodiment shown in Fig. 23 700 is a structural schematic diagram of another viewing angle.
  • FIG. 25 is a structural schematic diagram of one direction of the diffraction waveguide 10 of the optical component 700 shown in FIG. Schematic diagram of a structure in one direction. The arrows in FIG. 23 and FIG. 24 indicate the transmission direction of the light in the optical component 700 of this embodiment.
  • the structure of the optical assembly 700 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 23 is basically the same as that of the optical assembly 600 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 19 , and both include a diffractive waveguide 10, a first refraction portion 20, a second refraction portion 30, and a third refraction portion. 40 and optical machine 50, the first optical component 61, the second optical component 62, and the third optical component 63.
  • the diffractive waveguide 10 further includes a fourth coupling grating 18, and the fourth coupling grating 18 is also located on the waveguide substrate 11
  • the second surface 11b of the outcoupling grating 15 is located between the first incoupling grating 12 and the second incoupling grating 13, and the projection of the fourth incoupling grating 18 on the first surface 11a is located away from the fourth edge 15d of the outcoupling grating 15 One side of the third edge 15c.
  • the projection of the fourth incoupling grating 18 on the first surface 11a may also be located in the outcoupling grating 15 and close to the fourth edge 15d of the outcoupling grating 15, or, The projection of the fourth incoupling grating 18 on the first surface 11 a can also lie partially within the outcoupling grating 15 .
  • FIG. 27 is a schematic structural diagram of another direction of the diffraction waveguide 10 of an optical component 700 according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • the projection of the fourth incoupling grating 18 on the first surface 11 a is located inside the outcoupling grating 15 and close to the fourth edge 15 d of the outcoupling grating 15 .
  • the light can be transmitted to the outcoupling grating 15 through the third incoupling grating 14, the fourth incoupling grating 18, the first pupil expanding grating 16, and the second pupil expanding grating 17, and undergoes two Light is emitted after the pupil is dilated.
  • the light rays of the third in-coupling grating 14, the fourth in-coupling grating 18, the first pupil expansion grating 16 and the second pupil expansion grating 17 can be coupled into the out-coupling gate from different sides of the out-coupling gate 15 The grating 15, so as to further improve the uniformity of the light emitted from the outcoupling grating 15.
  • the transmission path of the light emitted by the optical machine 50 is specifically: the light beam emitted by the optical machine 50 is transmitted to the first optical component 61 along the first direction. Since the first optical element 61 is a beam splitter, the light transmitted to the first optical element 61 can be split by the first optical element 61 . After the light transmitted to the first optical element 61 is split by the first optical element 61, part of the light continues to transmit to the first refracting element 21 along the first direction, and part of the light is transmitted to the second direction after being reflected by the first optical element 61. Second optics 62 .
  • the first refraction member 21 is a beam splitter, the light transmitted to the first refraction member 21 can be split by the first refraction member 21 .
  • part of the light continues to transmit to the fourth refraction member 71 along the first direction, and part of the light is reflected by the first refraction member 21 and then transmitted to the first vibrating mirror 22 , the first oscillating mirror 22 reflects all the light to the first coupling grating 12 , and part of the light is coupled into the diffraction waveguide 10 through the first coupling grating 12 .
  • the fourth optical element 71 is a beam splitter, the light transmitted to the fourth optical element 71 can be split by the fourth optical element 71 . After the light transmitted to the fourth optical element 71 is split by the fourth optical element 71, part of the light continues to transmit to the second refraction element 31 along the first direction, and part of the light is reflected by the fourth optical element 71 and then transmitted to the fourth vibrating mirror. 72 , the fourth oscillating mirror 72 reflects all the light to the fourth coupling grating 18 , and part of the light is coupled into the diffraction waveguide 10 through the fourth coupling grating 18 .
  • the second refraction member 31 is a reflecting mirror, all the light transmitted to the second refraction member 31 can be reflected by the second refraction member 31 to the second oscillating mirror 32, and the second oscillating mirror 32 reflects all the light to the second oscillating mirror 32.
  • the in-coupling grating 13 part of the light is coupled into the diffraction waveguide 10 through the second in-coupling grating 13 .
  • the second optical member 62 and the third optical member 63 are reflective elements, they can reflect all the light transmitted from the first optical member 61 and transmit it to the third optical member 63, and the third optical member 63 further reflects all the light to the The third refractive element 41 .
  • the third refracting member 41 is also a reflective mirror, capable of reflecting all the light transmitted thereto.
  • the third deflection element 41 reflects all the light transmitted from the second optical element 62 to the third oscillating mirror 42
  • the third oscillating mirror 42 reflects all the light to the third coupling grating 14 .
  • the first optical member 61, the first refraction member 21, and the fourth refraction member 71 can split the light emitted by the optical machine 50 into beams, and can pass through the first optical member 61, the first refraction member 71 according to actual needs.
  • the refraction element 21 and the fourth refraction element 71 control the ratio of the light incident to the first coupling grating 12, the second coupling grating 13 and the third coupling grating 14, so as to further ensure that the light incident to different positions of the coupling out grating 15
  • the intensity of the light can be increased, and the uniformity of light emitted from different positions of the grating 15 can be further improved, thereby ensuring that the human eye can have the same display effect at different orbital positions and different viewing angles.
  • the second pupil expansion grating 17 can be coupled into from different sides of the coupling-out gate 15 to The outcoupling grating 15 further improves the uniformity of the light emitted from the outcoupling grating 15 .
  • the first coupling grating 12, the second coupling grating 13, the first pupil expanding grating 16, the second pupil expanding grating 17, the fourth coupling grating 18 and the third coupling grating 14, coupling The output gratings 15 are respectively located on two opposite surfaces of the waveguide substrate 11 , so that the dimension of the diffractive waveguide 10 in the first direction can be smaller and the quality lighter.
  • the first coupling grating 12 is located in the negative direction of the second direction of the first pupil expansion grating 16
  • the second coupling grating 13 is located in the negative direction of the second direction of the second pupil expansion grating 17.
  • the fourth coupling-in grating 18 is located in the negative direction of the second direction of the second pupil expanding grating 17, and the third coupling-in grating 14 is located in the positive direction of the second direction of the coupling-out grating 15, which can further improve the output of the coupling-out grating 15.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Optical Couplings Of Light Guides (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un guide d'ondes diffractif (10), un ensemble optique (100) comprenant le guide d'ondes diffractif (10), et un dispositif électronique (1000) comprenant l'ensemble optique (100). Le guide d'ondes diffractif (10) comprend un corps de base de guide d'ondes (11), et un premier réseau de couplage (12), un deuxième réseau de couplage (13), un troisième réseau de couplage (14), un réseau de découplage (15), un premier réseau de dilatation de pupille (16) et un deuxième réseau de dilatation de pupille (17) qui sont disposés sur le corps de base de guide d'ondes (11). La lumière traverse le premier réseau de couplage (12), le deuxième réseau de couplage (13) et le troisième réseau de couplage (14) et est couplée dans le guide d'ondes diffractif (10), et entre à partir de différents côtés du réseau de découplage (15), de telle sorte que l'uniformité de la lumière sortante provenant de différentes positions du réseau de découplage (15) peut être améliorée. La lumière peut être couplée dans le guide d'ondes diffractif (10) à partir du premier réseau de couplage (12), le deuxième réseau de couplage (13) et le troisième réseau de couplage (14) séparément, et la quantité de lumière entrante du premier réseau de couplage (12), du deuxième réseau de couplage (13) et du troisième réseau de couplage (14) est commandée, de telle sorte que l'uniformité de la lumière sortante à différentes positions du réseau de découplage (15) peut être améliorée.
PCT/CN2022/095811 2021-05-31 2022-05-28 Guide d'ondes diffractif, ensemble optique et dispositif électronique WO2022253149A1 (fr)

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CN202110605587.9A CN115480335A (zh) 2021-05-31 2021-05-31 衍射波导、光学组件和电子设备

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101945612A (zh) * 2008-02-14 2011-01-12 诺基亚公司 用于确定注视方向的设备和方法
CN210803765U (zh) * 2019-08-27 2020-06-19 宁波舜宇奥来技术有限公司 光栅组件
US20210109273A1 (en) * 2020-09-18 2021-04-15 Shenzhen Optiark Semiconductor Technologies Limited Optical expander device and its display device and method for outputting light and displaying image
CN112731659A (zh) * 2019-10-14 2021-04-30 苏州苏大维格科技集团股份有限公司 波导显示镜片及增强现实眼镜

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101945612A (zh) * 2008-02-14 2011-01-12 诺基亚公司 用于确定注视方向的设备和方法
CN210803765U (zh) * 2019-08-27 2020-06-19 宁波舜宇奥来技术有限公司 光栅组件
CN112731659A (zh) * 2019-10-14 2021-04-30 苏州苏大维格科技集团股份有限公司 波导显示镜片及增强现实眼镜
US20210109273A1 (en) * 2020-09-18 2021-04-15 Shenzhen Optiark Semiconductor Technologies Limited Optical expander device and its display device and method for outputting light and displaying image

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