WO2022253001A1 - 一种切换方法及装置 - Google Patents

一种切换方法及装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022253001A1
WO2022253001A1 PCT/CN2022/093909 CN2022093909W WO2022253001A1 WO 2022253001 A1 WO2022253001 A1 WO 2022253001A1 CN 2022093909 W CN2022093909 W CN 2022093909W WO 2022253001 A1 WO2022253001 A1 WO 2022253001A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
access network
network device
quality
information
analysis
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PCT/CN2022/093909
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
黄谢田
曹龙雨
王耀光
于益俊
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华为技术有限公司
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Publication of WO2022253001A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022253001A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/0005—Control or signalling for completing the hand-off
    • H04W36/0083—Determination of parameters used for hand-off, e.g. generation or modification of neighbour cell lists
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/16—Performing reselection for specific purposes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/08—Reselecting an access point

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present application relate to the field of communication technologies, and in particular, to a handover method and device.
  • the terminal device may switch from one access network device (also called source access network device) to another according to changes in signal strength or network-side load balancing requirements.
  • An access network device also referred to as a target access network device.
  • the source access network equipment provides services for the terminal equipment
  • the target access network equipment provides services for the terminal equipment.
  • the terminal device measures the signal quality of the cell of the source access network device and the cell of the adjacent access network device, and the source access network device determines the signal quality of the target access network device according to the signal quality measured by the terminal device.
  • the network access device, the source access network device initiates a handover request to the target access network device.
  • the target network device to be handed over by the terminal device is selected according to the signal quality.
  • the actual quality of service experience after the terminal device switches to the target access network device will also be affected by various factors such as the resource status or load status of the target access network device. If the target access network device is selected only based on the signal quality, It may not be able to meet the service quality of experience requirements of terminal equipment. How to improve the service experience quality of the terminal equipment after switching is a problem that needs to be considered.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a handover method and device, in order to improve service experience quality of terminal equipment after handover.
  • a handover method may be executed by a first network element, or may be executed by components of the first network element (such as a processor, a chip, or a chip system, etc.).
  • the first network element may be a network management device, and the first network element may also be a first access network device.
  • the method may be implemented through the following steps: the first network element obtains quality of experience information, the quality of experience information is used to indicate the predicted quality of experience after the terminal device accesses the second access network device, and the quality of experience information is based on the first data and the training model It is determined that the first data includes the remaining wireless resources and/or remaining virtual resources of the second access network device; the first network element determines the target access network device from the second access network device according to the quality of experience information, and the target access network device The network device is used for switching the terminal device from the first access network device to the target access network device. The first network element determines the target access network device to which the terminal device is handed over according to the quality of experience information, so that the terminal device can obtain better quality of experience after switching to the target access network device.
  • the first data includes remaining wireless resources and/or remaining virtual resources of the second access network device, which can be understood as: the first data includes resource information, and the resource information includes remaining wireless resources and/or remaining virtual resources of the second access network device or remaining virtual resources.
  • the first data further includes one or more of the following: cell traffic, terminal device priority indication information, or terminal device measurement results, where the cell traffic is used to indicate the amount of data transmitted by the cell within a period of time , the priority indication information of the terminal device is used to indicate the priority order of the terminal device to receive services.
  • the resources of the network device are given priority to be allocated to terminal device A.
  • the measurement results of the terminal equipment include the channel quality of the communication link.
  • the first network element is a first access network device, and the first access network device receives quality of experience information from a network management device.
  • the first access network device is the source network device of the terminal device.
  • the source network device performs handover, it can select the target access network device for the handover based on the quality of experience information from the network management device, so that the target access network device after the handover Devices can provide better quality of experience for terminal devices.
  • the first network element is a first access network device, and the first access network device sends an analysis request to the network management device; wherein, the analysis request is used to request an analysis service, and the analysis service is used by the terminal device to Handover between access network devices.
  • the analysis request is an identification of the analysis service.
  • the first access network device sends the first information to the network management device, where the first information includes the identifier of the analysis service, and optionally, the first information may also include the identifier of the terminal device.
  • the identification of the analysis service is used by the network management device to determine which analysis service is requested by the first access network device.
  • the identification of the analysis service is an analysis service that requests switching optimization. Identifies, and performs handover optimization analysis services for the handover of the terminal device.
  • the first information further includes a combination of one or more of the following: the identifier of the second access network device, the channel quality of the communication link between the terminal device and the second access network device, the terminal The priority information of the device, the target time period for executing the analysis service, or the reporting method of the quality of experience information.
  • the first information includes the priority information of the terminal device, so that the network management device can take into account the priority information of the terminal device when generating the quality of experience information, so that the terminal device can switch to the second access network device After that, the quality of service matching the priority information can also be obtained.
  • the first access network device may also send a combination of one or more of the following to the network management device: the identifier of the second access network device, the communication between the terminal device and the second access network device The channel quality of the communication link, the priority information of the terminal equipment, the target time period for performing the analysis service, or the reporting method of the quality of experience information.
  • the first information includes the priority information of the terminal device, so that the network management device can take into account the priority information of the terminal device when generating the quality of experience information, so that the terminal device can switch to the second access network device After that, the quality of service matching the priority information can also be obtained.
  • the first network element is the first access network device, and the first network element determines the target access network device for the handover of the terminal device according to the quality of experience information, which can be implemented through the following method A, method B or method C :
  • the first access network device determines the target of terminal device handover according to the predicted quality of experience of the terminal device after switching from the first access network device to one or more second access network devices carried in the quality of experience information access network equipment. For example, the first access network device may determine whether the predicted quality of experience of the terminal device after switching from the first access network device to one or more second access network devices is higher than a set threshold, and will be higher than the set threshold. The second access network device corresponding to the quality of experience threshold is determined as the target access network device. If there are multiple quality of experience higher than the set threshold, and the multiple quality of experience higher than the threshold corresponds to multiple second access network devices, one of the multiple second access network devices may be selected according to the set rule is the target access network device. For example, a second access network device with the best signal quality may be selected as the target access network device; for another example, a second access network device with the best experience quality may be selected as the target access network device.
  • the first access network device sends measurement configuration information to the terminal device, and the measurement configuration information is used to configure the measurement of the terminal device.
  • the first access network device receives measurement results from the terminal device, where the measurement results include signal quality of a cell of the first access network device and signal quality of cells of adjacent access network devices of the first access network device.
  • the first access network device determines a candidate access network device according to the measurement result, where the candidate access network device includes the above-mentioned one or more second access network devices.
  • the first access network device determines a target access network device for handover of the terminal device from candidate access network devices according to the quality of experience information. Wherein, the first access network device may determine a target access network device for terminal device handover from candidate access network devices according to a set rule.
  • the first access network device obtains the predicted quality of experience of the terminal device after switching from the first access network device to the candidate access network device according to the quality of experience information, where the candidate access network device includes one or more of the above-mentioned a second access network device.
  • the first access network device sends measurement configuration information to the terminal device, where the measurement configuration information is used to configure measurement of the terminal device.
  • the first access network device receives measurement results from the terminal device, where the measurement results include signal quality of a cell of the first access network device and signal quality of cells of adjacent access network devices of the first access network device.
  • the first access network device determines a target access network device for handover of the terminal device from candidate access network devices according to the measurement result. Wherein, the first access network device may determine a target access network device for terminal device handover from candidate access network devices according to a set rule.
  • the first network element is a first access network device
  • the first access network device receives quality of experience information from a network management device
  • the quality of experience information also includes a target access network device for terminal device handover.
  • the network management device determines the target access network device for terminal device switching during data analysis, and the first access network device performs switching according to the target access network device selected by the network management device.
  • the first network element is a first access network device, and the first access network device receives first indication information from the network management device, and the first indication information is used to indicate the Insufficient resources; the first access network device sends a resource adjustment request to the network management device, and the resource adjustment request is used to request adjustment of wireless resources and/or virtual resources of the second access network device.
  • the network management device can be actively requested to adjust resources to ensure switching performance, so that the terminal device can switch to the target access network device that meets the quality of experience requirements.
  • the resource adjustment request includes one or more of the following information: an identifier of the second access network device, an identifier of the terminal device, or an expected quality of experience threshold.
  • the first network element is a first access network device
  • the first access network device receives second indication information from the network management device, and the second indication information is used to indicate the analysis that the network management device can provide Service type, the analysis service type is the analysis service switched.
  • the first access network device can know that the network management device can provide this type of analysis service.
  • it will request the analysis of handover optimization from the network management device, and perform handover according to the quality of experience information. , to improve switching performance.
  • the network management device may obtain quality of experience information according to the following method: the network management device determines the quality of experience information according to the collected data, and the collected data includes the first access network device Cell traffic of neighboring devices.
  • the adjacent device here may be, for example, the above-mentioned second access network device. According to the cell traffic of the adjacent device, the quality of experience obtained when the terminal device is handed over to the adjacent device can be analyzed, so that handover can be performed according to the quality of experience.
  • the network management device sends the identifier of the target access network device to the first access network device.
  • the network management device can select the target access network device according to the analysis, and notify the first access network device. In this way, it only needs to send the information of the target access network device to the first access network device, and does not need to send the information of the target access network device to the first access network device.
  • An access network device sends a lot of content of quality of experience information, saving signaling overhead.
  • the quality of experience information further includes a combination of one or more of the following: the identifier of the analysis service, the identifier of the second access network device, the generation time of the quality of experience information, the valid time of the quality of experience information, or Confidence in quality of experience information.
  • an analysis method is provided, and the method may be executed by the first access network device, or may be executed by a component (such as a processor, a chip, or a chip system, etc.) of the first access network device.
  • the method may be implemented through the following steps: the first access network device receives the analysis model and the identification of the analysis service from the network management device; the first access network device receives the analysis model from one or more second access network devices the data; the first access network device analyzes the one or more second access network devices based on the data used for analysis and the analysis model, and obtains an analysis result of the analysis service.
  • the first access network device receives the analysis model and the identification of the analysis service from the network management device, enabling the first access network device to perform data analysis.
  • the analysis load of the network management device can be saved; on the other hand, It can save the signaling overhead for the network management device to send the quality of experience information to the first access network device, and reduce the time delay for the first access network device to wait for the analysis result.
  • the analysis is used for terminal devices between access network devices When switching, the switching efficiency can be improved.
  • the analysis model includes a combination of one or more pieces of information: a model identifier corresponding to the analysis model, a model file, a model file address, or a model version number.
  • the analysis service is used for handover of terminal equipment among access network equipment.
  • the first device sends a first request message to the network management device, where the first request message is used to request an analysis model.
  • the first device sends a second request message to one or more second devices, and the second request message is used to request data for analysis.
  • the data used for analysis includes a combination of one or more of the following information: resource information available to the second access network device, information on resources already used by the second access network device, Information about the remaining wireless resources of the network access device, the remaining virtual resources of the second access network device, or the cell traffic of the second access network device.
  • the first access network device can analyze the quality of experience obtained when the terminal device switches to the second access network device, so that the handover can be performed according to the quality of experience.
  • the first access network device determines that the terminal device switches from the first access network device to one or more second access network devices based on the analysis results of one or more second access network devices The quality of experience expected afterwards. Based on the analysis results of one or more second access network devices, the first access network device can comprehensively analyze the quality of experience of terminal devices after switching to one or more second access network devices, so that the experience can be considered Quality to select the target access network device, so as to ensure the quality of experience of the terminal device after handover.
  • the first access network device determines a target access network device for handover of the terminal device according to the quality of experience.
  • a handover method is provided, and the method may be executed by a first access network device, or may be executed by a component (such as a processor, a chip, or a chip system, etc.) of the first access network device.
  • the method may be implemented through the following steps: the first access network device sends request information to one or more second access network devices respectively, the request information is used to request an analysis service, and the analysis service is used by the terminal device between the access network devices switching; the first access network device obtains quality of experience information, and the quality of experience information includes the predicted quality of experience after the terminal device accesses the second access network device, and the quality of experience information is determined according to the first data and the training model, and the first data Including the remaining wireless resources and/or remaining virtual resources of the second access network device, wherein the first data includes the remaining wireless resources and/or remaining virtual resources of the second access network device, which can be understood as: the first data Including resource information, the resource information includes the remaining wireless resources and/or remaining virtual resources of the second access network device
  • the data analysis is performed by the second access network device, which can save the network device from analyzing a large amount of data load.
  • the first access network device determines the target access network device for the handover of the terminal device according to the quality of experience information.
  • the selected target access network device takes into account the quality of experience of the terminal device after handover. After the device is connected to the network, a better quality of experience can be obtained.
  • the first data further includes one or more of the following: cell traffic, terminal device priority indication information, or terminal device measurement results, where the cell traffic is used to indicate the amount of traffic transmitted by the cell within a period of time.
  • the amount of data, the priority indication information of the terminal device is used to indicate the priority order of the terminal device to receive the service, and the measurement result of the terminal device includes the channel quality of the communication link between the terminal device and the second access network device.
  • the request information includes the identification of the analysis service and the identification of the terminal device.
  • the identification of the analysis service is used by the second access network device to determine which analysis service is requested by the first access network device.
  • the identification of the analysis service is an analysis service that requests switching optimization.
  • the identification of the terminal equipment, and the analysis service of handover optimization for the handover of the terminal equipment is not limited to a configurable period of time.
  • the request information also includes a combination of one or more of the following: the signal quality measurement result of the terminal device to the second access network device, the priority information of the terminal device, the target time period for performing the analysis service, Or how to report quality of experience information.
  • the first access network device respectively receives quality of experience information from one or more second access network devices.
  • the first access network device also obtains a combination of one or more of the following: the identifier of the second network device, the generation time of the quality of experience information, the valid time of the quality of experience information, or the time of the quality of experience information Confidence.
  • a handover method is provided, and the method may be executed by a second access network device, or may be executed by a component (such as a processor, a chip, or a chip system, etc.) of the second access network device.
  • the method can be implemented through the following steps: the second access network device receives the analysis model and the identification of the analysis service from the network management device; the second access network device receives the request information from the first access network device, wherein the request information It is used to request an analysis service, and the analysis service is used for handover of the terminal device between access network devices; the second access network device sends quality of experience information to the first access network device, and the quality of experience information is used to indicate the predicted terminal device access The quality of experience after entering the second access network device, the quality of experience information is determined according to the first data and the training model, the first data includes the remaining wireless resources and/or remaining virtual resources of the second access network device, where the first The data includes remaining wireless resources and/or remaining virtual resources of the second access network device, which can be understood as
  • the data analysis is performed by the second access network device, which can save the network device from analyzing a large amount of data load.
  • the first access network device determines the target access network device for the handover of the terminal device according to the quality of experience information.
  • the selected target access network device takes into account the quality of experience of the terminal device after handover. After the device is connected to the network, a better quality of experience can be obtained.
  • the first data further includes one or more of the following: cell traffic, terminal device priority indication information, or terminal device measurement results, where the cell traffic is used to indicate the amount of data transmitted by the cell within a period of time , the priority indication information of the terminal device is used to indicate the priority order of the terminal device to receive services.
  • the resources of the network device are given priority to be allocated to terminal device A.
  • the measurement results of the terminal equipment include the channel quality of the communication link.
  • the request information includes the identification of the analysis service and the identification of the terminal device.
  • the identification of the analysis service is used by the second access network device to determine which analysis service is requested by the first access network device.
  • the identification of the analysis service is an analysis service that requests switching optimization.
  • the identification of the terminal equipment, and the analysis service of handover optimization for the handover of the terminal equipment is not limited to a configurable period of time.
  • the request information also includes a combination of one or more of the following: the channel quality of the communication link between the terminal device and the second access network device measured by the terminal device, the priority information of the terminal device , the target time period for executing the analysis service, or the reporting method of the quality of experience information.
  • the quality of experience information further includes a combination of one or more of the following: identification of the analysis service, generation time of the quality of experience information, valid time of the quality of experience information, or confidence of the quality of experience information.
  • a switching device in a fifth aspect, has a function of implementing the behavior of the first network element in any possible design of the first aspect and the first aspect.
  • This function may be implemented by hardware, or may be implemented by executing corresponding software on the hardware.
  • the hardware or software includes one or more modules corresponding to the above functions.
  • the device may be a chip or an integrated circuit.
  • the device includes a memory and a processor, the memory stores a set of programs, and the processor is used to execute the programs stored in the memory.
  • the device can perform any of the above-mentioned first aspect and the first aspect.
  • the device further includes a transceiver for communicating between the device and other network elements.
  • the device is a first access network device or the device is a network management device.
  • an analyzing device in a sixth aspect, has a function of realizing the behavior of the first access network device in any possible design of the second aspect and the second aspect.
  • This function may be implemented by hardware, or may be implemented by executing corresponding software on the hardware.
  • the hardware or software includes one or more modules corresponding to the above functions.
  • the device may be a chip or an integrated circuit.
  • the device includes a memory and a processor.
  • the memory stores a set of programs, and the processor is used to execute the programs stored in the memory.
  • the device can perform any of the above-mentioned second aspect and the second aspect.
  • One possible design of this approach One possible design of this approach.
  • the device further includes a transceiver for communicating between the device and other network elements.
  • the apparatus is a first access network device.
  • a switching device in a seventh aspect, has a function of realizing the behavior of the first access network device in any possible design of the third aspect and the third aspect.
  • This function may be implemented by hardware, or may be implemented by executing corresponding software on the hardware.
  • the hardware or software includes one or more modules corresponding to the above functions.
  • the device may be a chip or an integrated circuit.
  • the device includes a memory and a processor.
  • the memory stores a set of programs, and the processor is used to execute the programs stored in the memory.
  • the device can perform any of the third aspect and the third aspect.
  • One possible design of this approach One possible design of this approach.
  • the device further includes a transceiver for communicating between the device and other network elements.
  • the device is a first access network device or the device is a network management device.
  • a switching device in an eighth aspect, has a function of realizing the behavior of the second access network device in any possible design of the fourth aspect and the fourth aspect.
  • This function may be implemented by hardware, or may be implemented by executing corresponding software on the hardware.
  • the hardware or software includes one or more modules corresponding to the above functions.
  • the device may be a chip or an integrated circuit.
  • the device includes a memory and a processor.
  • the memory stores a set of programs, and the processor is used to execute the programs stored in the memory.
  • the device can perform any of the fourth aspect and the fourth aspect.
  • One possible design of this approach One possible design of this approach.
  • the device further includes a transceiver for communicating between the device and other network elements.
  • the device is a second access network device.
  • a chip the chip is connected to a memory or the chip includes a memory, and is used to read and execute a software program stored in the memory, so as to realize any possible design of the above aspects and aspects the method described.
  • a communication system in a tenth aspect, includes the devices of the seventh aspect and the eighth aspect.
  • a computer storage medium storing a computer program, the computer program including instructions for executing the method in any possible design of the above aspects and aspects.
  • a computer program product is provided.
  • a computer reads and executes the computer program product, the methods described in the above aspects and any possible design of the aspects are executed.
  • Figure 1a is a schematic diagram of the architecture of the communication system in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 1b is a schematic diagram of the processing flow of MDAS based on ML technology in the embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a conventional handover method in an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic flowchart of a switching method in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic flowchart of a handover method in application scenario 1 in the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic flowchart of a switching method in application scenario 2 in the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic flowchart of a switching method in application scenario 3 in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 7 is one of the flow diagrams of the analysis method in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 8 is one of the flow diagrams of the analysis method in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 9 is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the analysis device in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 10 is the second schematic diagram of the structure of the analysis device in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a handover method and device, in order to improve service experience quality of terminal equipment after handover.
  • the method and the device are conceived based on the same or similar technology. Since the principle of solving the problem of the method and the device is similar, the implementation of the device and the method can be referred to each other, and the repetition will not be repeated.
  • the handover method provided in the embodiment of the present application can be applied to a fourth generation (4th generation, 4G) communication system, such as long term evolution (long term evolution, LTE), and can also be applied to a fifth generation (5th generation, 5G) communication system,
  • 4th generation, 4G fourth generation
  • 5th generation, 5G fifth generation
  • 5G new radio new radio, NR
  • 6th generation, 6G sixth generation
  • 6G air-space-sea-ground integrated communication system.
  • Fig. 1a shows the architecture of a communication system to which the embodiment of the present application is applicable.
  • a communication system 100 includes a network device 101 and a terminal device 102 .
  • the possible implementation forms and functions of the network device 101 and the terminal device 102 are introduced with examples.
  • the network device 101 provides services for the terminal devices 102 within coverage. For example, referring to FIG. 1 a , a network device 101 provides wireless access to one or more terminal devices 102 within the coverage of the network device 101 .
  • the network device 101 is a node in a radio access network (radio access network, RAN), and may also be called a base station, and may also be called a RAN node (or device).
  • RAN radio access network
  • examples of some network devices 101 are: next generation base station (next generation nodeB, gNB), next generation evolved base station (next generation evolved nodeB, Ng-eNB), transmission reception point (transmission reception point, TRP), evolved Node B (evolved Node B, eNB), radio network controller (radio network controller, RNC), node B (Node B, NB), base station controller (base station controller, BSC), base transceiver station (base transceiver station, BTS), home base station (for example, home evolved NodeB, or home Node B, HNB), base band unit (base band unit, BBU), or wireless fidelity (wireless fidelity, Wifi) access point (access point, AP),
  • the network device 101 may also be a satellite, and the satellite
  • the network device 101 may also be other devices with network device functions, for example, the network device 101 may also be a device to device (device to device, D2D) communication, vehicle networking, or machine to machine (machine to machine, M2M) communication. A device that functions as a network device.
  • the network device 101 may also be any possible network device in the future communication system.
  • a network device may include a centralized unit (CU) and a distributed unit (DU).
  • the network device may also include an active antenna unit (AAU).
  • CU implements some functions of network equipment
  • DU implements some functions of network equipment.
  • CU is responsible for processing non-real-time protocols and services, implementing radio resource control (radio resource control, RRC), packet data convergence layer protocol (packet data convergence protocol, PDCP) layer functions.
  • the DU is responsible for processing physical layer protocols and real-time services, realizing the functions of the radio link control (radio link control, RLC) layer, media access control (media access control, MAC) layer and physical (physical, PHY) layer.
  • the AAU implements some physical layer processing functions, radio frequency processing and related functions of active antennas. Since the information of the RRC layer will eventually become the information of the PHY layer, or be transformed from the information of the PHY layer, under this architecture, high-level signaling, such as RRC layer signaling, can also be considered to be sent by the DU , or, sent by DU+AAU.
  • the network device may be a device including one or more of a CU node, a DU node, and an AAU node.
  • the CU can be divided into network devices in an access network (radio access network, RAN), and the CU can also be divided into network devices in a core network (core network, CN), which is not limited in this application.
  • Terminal equipment 102 also referred to as user equipment (user equipment, UE), mobile station (mobile station, MS), mobile terminal (mobile terminal, MT), etc., is a device that provides voice and/or data connectivity to users. equipment.
  • the terminal device 102 includes a handheld device with a wireless connection function, a vehicle-mounted device, and the like.
  • the terminal device 102 can be: mobile phone (mobile phone), tablet computer, notebook computer, palmtop computer, mobile internet device (mobile internet device, MID), wearable device (such as smart watch, smart bracelet, pedometer, etc.
  • vehicle-mounted equipment such as automobiles, bicycles, electric vehicles, airplanes, ships, trains, high-speed rail, etc.
  • virtual reality virtual reality, VR
  • augmented reality augmented reality
  • industrial control industrial control
  • Wireless terminals in smart home equipment such as refrigerators, TVs, air conditioners, electric meters, etc.
  • intelligent robots, workshop equipment wireless terminals in self driving, wireless terminals in remote medical surgery , wireless terminals in smart grid, wireless terminals in transportation safety, wireless terminals in smart city, or wireless terminals in smart home, flight equipment (such as , intelligent robots, hot air balloons, drones, airplanes), etc.
  • the terminal device 102 may also be other devices having terminal device functions.
  • the terminal device 102 may also be a device serving as a terminal device in device-to-device (device to device, D2D) communication, Internet of Vehicles, or M2M communication.
  • D2D device to device
  • M2M Internet of Vehicles
  • the network device functioning as a terminal device can also be regarded as a terminal device.
  • the communication system 100 may further include a network management device 103 .
  • the network management device 103 can provide network operation and maintenance management functions.
  • the network management device 103 may be an operations administration and maintenance management module (operations administration and maintenance, OAM).
  • OAM can provide the service of the function of management data analysis service (management data analytics service, MDAS), or the network management device 103 can also be MDAS functional module or MDAS functional entity, and MDAS can carry out model training and management data analysis.
  • MDAS can be implemented based on artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML) technology.
  • AI/ML artificial intelligence/machine learning
  • the processing flow of MDAS based on ML technology is shown in Figure 1b, which mainly includes two parts: ML model training (ML model training) and management data analysis (management data analysis, MDA).
  • ML model training management data analytics service
  • MDA management data analysis
  • Analysis input is the data that is input to the model for analysis.
  • Data classification is an internal function of the MDAS producer, which is used to classify the input data for analysis. Specifically, it can be divided into training data and analysis data.
  • the training data is used for the ML model training function, and the analysis data is used for the management data analysis function. use.
  • ML model training uses training data/validation data for model training and provides model training reports.
  • Management data analysis Use the trained model to analyze management data and generate management data analysis reports.
  • MDAS can be invoked by various MDAS consumers, for example, MDAS consumers can be management functions (management function, MF), network functions (network function, NF), or self-organizing network (self-organizing network, SON) functions, etc.
  • the communication system shown in FIG. 1a is an example of a terminal device, a network device, and an OAM.
  • the communication system may also include a greater number of various devices, which are not limited by the embodiment of the present application. .
  • the embodiment of the present application involves the quality of service experience of the terminal device.
  • the service quality of experience is described first.
  • QoE quality of experience
  • the operator can provide various services for the user equipment, and each user equipment evaluates the operator's service quality based on its own specific subjective experience.
  • QoE may refer to the user equipment's subjective perception of equipment, network, system, application, or service, and may include comprehensive subjective perception of the quality and performance of the above considerations.
  • QoE can be used to evaluate service quality and network performance, and operators can also evaluate service quality through QoE scoring to optimize the network.
  • QoE Quality of service
  • QoS Quality of service
  • QoS Quality of Service
  • Different systems and services have different definitions, including jitter, delay, packet loss rate, bit error rate, or signal-to-noise ratio.
  • QoS can be used to measure the transmission quality and service effectiveness of a transmission system, and evaluate the service provider's ability to meet customer needs.
  • QoS is perceptible to the network, and the network provides users with services that meet their needs according to the QoS requirements.
  • QoE is imperceptible to the network.
  • QoE is determined by the user's subjective experience and represents the quality of experience of the actual service of the user terminal.
  • the embodiment of the present application involves handover of terminal equipment.
  • the concept of handover is described below.
  • Connection mobility management (connection mobility control, CMC) is a basic function under the mobile network, usually referred to as handover for short.
  • CMC connection mobility control
  • the source access network device keeps monitoring the air interface status of the terminal device to determine whether the terminal device needs to change the serving cell.
  • a handover process is performed. After the terminal device is handed over to the target access network device, the target access network device continues to provide network services for the terminal device.
  • the terminal device is served by the source access network device, and after the handover occurs, the terminal device is served by the target access network device.
  • the source access network device sends an RRC connection reconfiguration message to the terminal device.
  • the RRC connection reconfiguration message includes measurement configuration information, the measurement configuration information is used to configure the measurement of the terminal equipment, and the measurement configuration information includes the target frequency point to be measured, the cell and the measurement event.
  • the terminal device performs measurement according to the measurement configuration information, and reports the measurement result.
  • the measurement result includes the channel quality of the communication link, and specifically may include signal quality information of the current cell and neighboring cells.
  • Signal quality information can be characterized by any one or more of the following parameters: signal received power, signal-to-noise and interference ratio (SINR), signal received quality (RQ) or signal Received signal strength indicator (RSSI).
  • the channel quality of the communication link can be characterized by any one or more of the following parameters: reference signal received power (reference signal received power, RSRP), reference signal signal-to-noise ratio (reference signal signal -to-noise and interference ratio, RS-SINR), reference signal received quality (reference signal received quality, RSRQ) or reference signal received signal strength indicator (reference signal received signal strength indicator, RS-RSSI).
  • reference signal received power reference signal received power
  • RS-SINR reference signal signal-to-noise ratio
  • RSRQ reference signal received quality
  • RSRQ reference signal received quality indicator
  • RS-RSSI reference signal received signal strength indicator
  • the source access network device evaluates according to the measurement result reported by the terminal device, and determines a list of candidate target access network devices according to the signal quality.
  • the source access network device selects the access network device with the best signal quality as the target access network device, and sends a handover request to the target access network device, where the handover request includes the identifier of the terminal device to be handed over.
  • the target access network device performs admission control after receiving the handover request.
  • the target access network device determines that the user can be allowed to access, and returns a handover request response to the source access network device.
  • the source access network device notifies the terminal device to perform the handover, and the terminal device completes random access to the target access network device.
  • the access network device with the best signal quality is selected as the target access network device, and the terminal device switches to the target access network After the device, it is not necessarily possible to get the best quality of experience.
  • various handover technologies also select target access network devices based on signal quality. Therefore, the quality of experience obtained by the terminal device after handover must not be ideal.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a handover method, in order to improve the quality of experience obtained by a terminal device after handover.
  • the execution body of the method includes the first network element.
  • the first network element may be a network management device, or may be a first access network device.
  • the network management device may be OAM 103 or MDAS in the communication system shown in FIG. 1 a
  • the access network device may be network device 101
  • the terminal device may be terminal device 102 .
  • the first network element acquires quality of experience information, where the quality of experience information is used to indicate the predicted quality of experience after the terminal device accesses the second access network device.
  • the quality of experience information includes the predicted quality of experience, or the quality of experience information indicates the predicted quality of experience, and the quality of experience is the quality of experience after the terminal device accesses the second access network device.
  • the quality of experience information is determined according to the first data and the training model, the first data includes remaining wireless resources of the second access network device, and the first data may further include remaining virtual resources of the second access network device.
  • the first data includes resource information, and the resource information includes remaining wireless resources of the second access network device, and the resource information may also include remaining virtual resources of the second access network device.
  • the first network element may obtain the quality of experience information in the following manner: the first network element obtains an analysis report, and the analysis report includes the predicted quality of experience after the terminal device accesses the second access network device. Wherein, there may be one or more second access network devices.
  • the first access network device is a source access network device of the terminal device
  • the second access network device is an adjacent access network device.
  • the first network element determines the target access network device from the second access network devices according to the quality of experience information.
  • the target access network device is an access network device in one or more second access network devices.
  • the target access network device is the access network device to which the terminal device needs to switch.
  • the target access network device is used for switching the terminal device from the first access network device to the target access network device.
  • the first network element can consider the quality of experience after the terminal device switches to the second access network device, and determine the target access network device for the terminal device to switch according to the quality of experience information, which can improve the quality of experience obtained after the terminal device is switched. experience quality.
  • the first data may also include one or more of the following information: cell traffic, priority indication information of terminal equipment, or measurement results of terminal equipment.
  • the cell traffic is used to indicate the amount of data transmitted by the cell of the second access network device within a period of time.
  • the priority indication information of the terminal device is used to indicate the priority order of the terminal device for receiving services. For example, if the priority of terminal device A is higher than the priority of terminal device B, the second access network device will preferentially allocate service resources to terminal device A.
  • the measurement result of the terminal device includes the channel quality of the communication link between the terminal device and the second access network device measured by the terminal device.
  • the channel quality of the communication link of the second access network device measured by the terminal device may include one or more of the following: signal received power, SINR, RQ, RSSI, RSRP, RS-SINR, RSRQ or RS-RSSI.
  • the device that generates the analysis report or the device that determines the quality of experience information may be the network management device or the first access network device, and the two cases will be described respectively below.
  • the first network element may be a network management device, and the first network element may also be a first access network device.
  • the first network element is a network management device
  • the network management device acquires quality of experience information.
  • the network management device determines a target access network device for handover of the terminal device according to the quality of experience information.
  • S303 may also be included.
  • the network management device sends the information of the target access network device to the first access network device.
  • the first access network device receives information from the target access network device.
  • the first network element is the first access network device
  • the first access network device acquires quality of experience information.
  • the first access network device may receive quality of experience information from the network management device.
  • the first access network device determines a target access network device for handover of the terminal device according to the quality of experience information.
  • the quality of experience information is generated by the network management device.
  • the network management device When the first network element is the network management device, the network management device generates the quality of experience information, that is, the network management device acquires the quality of experience information.
  • the first network element is the first access network device, after the network management device generates the quality of experience information, it may also send the quality of experience information to the first access network device, and the first access network device receives the quality of experience information from the network management device Quality of Experience Information. Acquiring the quality of experience information by the first access network device is specifically implemented by receiving the quality of experience information from the network management device.
  • Quality of experience information indication the predicted quality of experience after the terminal device accesses the second access network device.
  • the first access network device is a source access network device of the terminal device
  • the second access network device is an access network device adjacent to the first access network device.
  • the first access network device sends an analysis request to the network management device, and the network management device receives the analysis request from the first access network device.
  • the analysis request is used to request an analysis service
  • the analysis service is an analysis service for handover
  • the analysis service is used for handover of a terminal device between access network devices.
  • the network management device learns from the analysis request that the first access network device needs to request the analysis service, and determines the quality of experience information based on this.
  • the analysis request may be an analysis service identifier
  • the first access network device sends the analysis service identifier to the network management device
  • the network management device receives the analysis service identifier from the first access network device
  • the network management device receives the analysis service identifier according to the analysis service identifier. It is learned that the first access network device needs to request an analysis service, and the quality of experience information is determined based on this.
  • the analysis request may also be a piece of signaling.
  • the analysis request is first information, and the first information includes the identifier of the analysis service.
  • the first access network device sends the first information to the network management device, and the network management device receives the first information from the first access network device.
  • the network management device learns that the first access network device needs to request an analysis service according to the first information, and determines the quality of experience information based on this.
  • the first access network device may also send the identifier of the terminal device to the network management device, or the first information further includes the identifier of the terminal device.
  • the network management device determines to analyze the terminal device according to the identifier of the terminal device.
  • the first access network device may also send the identifiers of the one or more second access network devices to the network management device.
  • the first information may further include the identifier of the second access network device.
  • the network management device determines, according to the identifier of the second access network device, that the second access network device needs to be analyzed.
  • the network management device measures the cells of the adjacent access network devices of the first access network device, so that the first access network device does not need to send the identity of the second access network device to the network management device , the network management device knows which quality of experience information corresponding to the second access network devices needs to be analyzed.
  • the network management device service may determine the second access network device in the measurement result or the measurement report according to the measurement result or the measurement report of the terminal device, and the network management device determines the second access network device in the measurement result or the measurement report. Quality of experience information corresponding to network access devices.
  • the first access network device may also send the signal quality measurement result of the terminal device to the second access network device to the network management device, and the first information may further include the signal quality measurement result of the terminal device to the second access network device.
  • the first access network device may also send the priority information of the terminal device to the network management device, or the first information may further include the priority information of the terminal device.
  • a terminal device receives services from the first access network device, it may have priority information, and the first access network device provides the terminal device with a quality of service that matches the priority information according to the priority information of the terminal device .
  • the priority of the terminal device is high, and the first access network device provides the quality of service corresponding to the high priority for the terminal device.
  • the first access network device may also send the priority information of the terminal device to the network management device, or the first information includes the priority information of the terminal device, so that the network management device can take the priority information of the terminal device into consideration when generating an analysis report.
  • the priority information of the terminal device enables the terminal device to obtain the quality of service matching the priority information even after switching to the second access network device.
  • the first access network device may also send the target time period for executing the analysis service to the network management device, or the first information may further include the target time period for performing the analysis service.
  • the first access network device may also send the reporting method of the analysis report or the reporting method of the quality of experience information to the network management device, or the first information may further include the reporting method of the analysis report or the reporting method of the quality of experience information.
  • the type of the first information may have various forms.
  • the first access network device sends a request message to the network management device, and the request message is used to request an analysis service; the network management device sends an interface message to the first access network device based on the request message, and the analysis report/quality of experience information is used as the interface Parameters are passed in the message.
  • the first access network device sends a message requesting to subscribe to the analysis service to the network management device.
  • the first access network device may also send second information to the network management device, and the second information is used to request unsubscription Analysis Services.
  • the information/quality of experience information object class (information object class, IOC) of the analysis report can be defined, and configuration operations such as addition, deletion, modification, and query can be performed on the object of the analysis report/quality of experience information, so as to realize the request for the analysis report/quality of experience information and send.
  • the first access network device sends a message requesting to create an analysis report/quality of experience information object (createMOI) to the network management device, and the message of creating an analysis report object/quality of experience information object is used to request an analysis report, and the network management device
  • a message to modify the analysis report object/QoE information object (modifyMOIAttributes) is sent to the first access network device, where the message to modify the analysis report object/QoE information object is used to send the content of the analysis report.
  • the first access network device may also send second information to the network management device, where the second information is used to request deletion of the analysis report object/quality of experience information object.
  • the network management device can determine the quality of experience information according to the analysis request.
  • the network management device determines the target access network device for terminal handover according to the quality of experience information, and sends the information of the terminal handover target access network device to the first access network device.
  • the first access network device receives the information of the target access network device from the network management device.
  • the network management device determines the target access network device for terminal handover according to the analysis report, and carries the information of the terminal handover target access network device in the analysis report.
  • the first access network device receives an analysis report from the network management device, the analysis report includes information on the target access network device for terminal device switching, and the first access network device obtains the target access network device for terminal device switching from the analysis report Information.
  • the network management device estimates the quality of experience obtained by the terminal device after accessing the second access network device. For example, the network device may separately estimate the quality of experience obtained by the terminal device after accessing the one or more second access network devices.
  • the network management device may pre-train and store a model for data analysis, for example, a ML model for data analysis.
  • the network management device can also obtain the model used for data analysis from an external model market.
  • the network management device can analyze the input data according to the model to obtain quality of experience information or an analysis report. After receiving the analysis request, the network management device collects data according to the analysis request.
  • the collected data can be regarded as the first data input to the model, and the network management device determines the quality of experience information or analysis report according to the collected data.
  • the collected data is hereinafter referred to as first data, and the first data may include real-time data of neighboring devices of the first access network device.
  • the first data may include cell traffic of neighboring devices of the first access network device, for example, cell traffic of the one or more second access network devices.
  • the first data includes resource information, and the first data may include resource allocation and/or resource usage of neighboring devices of the first access network device.
  • the resources mentioned here may include wireless resources such as uplink resources and/or downlink resources, and the wireless resources may refer to physical resource blocks (physical resource blocks, PRBs).
  • the resource may also be a virtual resource, such as a virtual resource such as a central processing unit (central processing unit, CPU), a memory (memory), or an optical disc (disk).
  • the resource information included in the first data may include remaining wireless resources of the second access network device, and may also include remaining virtual resources of the second access network device.
  • the remaining radio resources may also be referred to as available radio resources.
  • the remaining virtual resources may also be referred to as available virtual resources.
  • the resource information may be the absolute value of the resource, such as 50M; or the resource usage rate, such as 30%.
  • the first data may also include priority indication information of the terminal device.
  • the first data may also include a measurement result of the terminal device, that is, the channel quality of the communication link between the terminal device and the second access network device measured by the terminal device.
  • the network management device takes the collected data (that is, the first data) as input data and inputs it into the model for analysis to obtain an analysis report or quality of experience information.
  • the network management device may also send the identifier of the analysis service to the first access network device, or in other words, the analysis report sent by the network management device to the first access network device may further include the identifier of the analysis service. According to the identifier of the analysis service, the first access network device can determine that the analysis report is a report for the analysis service.
  • the network management device may also send the identifier of the second access network device to the first access network device, or in other words, the analysis report sent by the network management device to the first access network device may also include the identifier of the second access network device.
  • the identifier of the second access network device may have a corresponding relationship with the estimated quality of experience obtained by the terminal device after accessing the second access network device. For example, when there are multiple second access network devices, the identifiers of the multiple second access network devices have a corresponding relationship with multiple quality of experience, and the corresponding relationship can be expressed in a formula or a table or in any form, for example, as shown in Table 1 shown.
  • Second access network equipment quality of experience gNB1 QoE1 gNB2 QoE2 gNB3 QoE3
  • the analysis report includes the three second access network devices as gNB1, gNB2 and gNB3, and the analysis report includes the estimated The quality of experience obtained after the three second access network devices are respectively QoE1, QoE2 and QoE3. That is, the estimated quality of experience of the terminal device after switching from the first access network device to gNB1 is QoE1; the estimated quality of experience of the terminal device after switching from the first access network device to gNB2 is QoE2; the estimated terminal device The quality of experience of the device after switching from the first access network device to the gNB3 is QoE3.
  • the network management device may also send the generation time of the analysis report/generation time of the quality of experience information, the valid time of the analysis report/valid time of the quality of experience information, or the confidence level of the analysis report/quality of experience information to the first access network device
  • the analysis report sent by the network management device to the first access network device may also include the generation time of the analysis report/generation time of the quality of experience information, the validity time/experience time of the analysis report At least one of the effective time of the quality information, or the confidence level of the analysis report/the confidence level of the quality of experience information.
  • the confidence level of the quality of experience information is used to indicate the accuracy of the predicted quality of experience, and the confidence level of the quality of experience information may be indication information of an accuracy level, such as high, medium, or low.
  • the confidence degree of the quality of experience information may also be a specific value of the accuracy rate of the predicted quality of experience, such as: 80%.
  • the generation time of the analysis report/the generation time of the quality of experience information refers to a specific time point, and refers to the moment when the analysis report/quality of experience information is generated, which is an absolute time.
  • the effective time of the analysis report/valid time of the quality of experience information is a time point or time period, indicating the time when the analysis report/quality of experience information is valid, which can be an absolute time, such as 10:00 to 14:00 on April 1, 2021; It can be a relative time, for example, it is valid within 4 hours after the generation time of the analysis report/quality of experience information.
  • the network management device generates an analysis report/quality of experience information based on the model, inputs the acquired historical data into the model, analyzes the historical data, and predicts future data, such as estimating the experience of the terminal device after accessing the second access network device quality.
  • the generation time of the analysis report/the generation time of the quality of experience information, the valid time of the analysis report/the valid time of the quality of experience information can indicate which time window or which time period data is predicted.
  • the network management device determines a target access network device for handover of the terminal device.
  • the network management device may send the information of the target access network device to the first access network device, for example, the identifier of the target access network device, and the first access network device receives the information of the target access network device from the network management device, Thus, the target access network device is learned.
  • the network management device can determine the target access network device according to the model and the collected data (that is, the first data).
  • the first network element is the first access network device
  • the first access network device determines the target access network device for the handover of the terminal device. In this case, the network management device does not send the target access network device for terminal device handover to the first access network device.
  • the first access network device determines the target access network device for terminal device handover according to the analysis report/quality of experience information, the analysis report includes one or more second access network devices, and the target access network device is the one included in the analysis report An access network device among the one or more second access network devices.
  • the first access network device determines a target access network device for switching the terminal device according to the quality of experience information, where the quality of experience information includes one or more second access network devices.
  • the first access network device determines the target access network device for the handover of the terminal device according to the analysis report/quality of experience information, which may be implemented in the following optional ways A, B or C.
  • the first access network device determines a target access network device for handover of the terminal device according to the received quality of experience information. For example, the first access network device may determine whether the predicted quality of experience of the terminal device after switching from the first access network device to one or more second access network devices is higher than a set threshold, and will be higher than the set threshold. The second access network device corresponding to the quality of experience threshold is determined as the target access network device. If there are multiple quality of experience higher than the set threshold, and the multiple quality of experience higher than the threshold corresponds to multiple second access network devices, one of the multiple second access network devices may be selected according to the set rule is the target access network device. For example, a second access network device with the best signal quality may be selected as the target access network device; for another example, a second access network device with the best experience quality may be selected as the target access network device.
  • the first access network device may determine the target access network device for handover of the terminal device according to the received quality of experience information and the measurement result reported by the terminal device. Specifically, the first access network device sends measurement configuration information to the terminal device, where the measurement configuration information is used to configure measurement of the terminal device. The first access network device receives measurement results from the terminal device, where the measurement results include signal quality of a cell of the first access network device and signal quality of cells of adjacent access network devices of the first access network device. The first access network device determines the target access network device according to the measurement result and the quality of experience information.
  • the first access network device may determine a candidate access network device according to the measurement result, where the candidate access network device includes the above-mentioned one or more second access network devices.
  • the first access network device determines a target access network device for handover of the terminal device from candidate access network devices according to the quality of experience information.
  • the first access network device may determine a target access network device for terminal device handover from candidate access network devices according to a set rule.
  • the second access network device corresponding to the quality of experience higher than the set threshold may be selected as the target access network device; for another example, a second access network device with the best signal quality may be selected as the target access network device network device; for another example, a second access network device with the best quality of experience may also be selected as the target access network device.
  • the first access network device may determine the target access network device for handover of the terminal device according to the quality of experience information and the measurement result reported by the terminal device. Specifically, the first access network device obtains the predicted quality of experience of the terminal device after switching from the first access network device to a candidate access network device according to the quality of experience information, where the candidate access network device includes one or more of the above-mentioned a second access network device. The first access network device sends measurement configuration information to the terminal device, where the measurement configuration information is used to configure measurement of the terminal device. The first access network device receives measurement results from the terminal device, where the measurement results include signal quality of a cell of the first access network device and signal quality of cells of adjacent access network devices of the first access network device.
  • the first access network device determines a target access network device for handover of the terminal device from candidate access network devices according to the measurement result.
  • the first access network device may determine a target access network device for terminal device handover from candidate access network devices according to a set rule.
  • the second access network device corresponding to the quality of experience higher than the set threshold may be selected as the target access network device; for another example, a second access network device with the best signal quality may be selected as the target access network device network device; for another example, a second access network device with the best quality of experience may also be selected as the target access network device.
  • the first access network device acquires the measurement result reported by the terminal device.
  • the acquisition method may be in any manner.
  • the first access network device may acquire the measurement result according to the method in the embodiment in FIG. 2 .
  • the first access network device Before the first access network device requests the analysis service from the network management device, it may first determine the type of analysis service that the network management device can provide. In other words, before generating the analysis report, the network management device may first send the type of analysis service that can be provided to the first access network device. For example, the network management device sends the identifier of the analysis service to the first access network device, and correspondingly, the first access network device receives the identifier of the analysis service from the network management device.
  • the identifier of the analysis service is used to indicate the type of analysis service that the network management device can provide, for example, the identifier of the analysis service is used to indicate that the network management device can provide the analysis service for handover of the terminal device between access network devices.
  • the network management device may send an analysis configuration message to one or more access network devices within the jurisdiction, where the analysis configuration message is used to indicate the type of analysis service that can be provided.
  • the analysis configuration message includes one or more analysis service identifiers, each analysis service identifier is used to indicate a type of analysis service, for example, the identifier of the analysis service used for terminal equipment handover between access network equipment may be Handover optimization ID.
  • the first access network device determines the target access network device to be handed over by the terminal device, optionally, the first access network device initiates a handover process, which may be implemented in any manner.
  • the service is provided by the target access network device, and the terminal device can obtain better quality of experience.
  • the handover method provided in the embodiment of the present application is further introduced in detail below in combination with specific application scenario 1.
  • the network management device is an OAM
  • the first access network device is a source access network device.
  • the specific flow of the handover method is as follows.
  • OAM sends the analysis service type to one or more access network devices within the jurisdiction.
  • the OAM may send the type of analysis service through an analysis configuration message, where the analysis configuration message includes the type of analysis service, and the type of analysis service is used to indicate the type of analysis service that can be provided.
  • the analysis configuration message may also include one or more analysis service identifiers, each analysis service identifier is used to indicate a type of analysis service, for example, the identifier of the analysis service used for handover of terminal equipment between access network equipment Logos can be optimized for toggles.
  • FIG. 4 exemplarily shows the type of analysis service sent by OAM to the source access network device. It can be understood that OAM may also send the type of analysis service to other access network devices within its jurisdiction.
  • the source access network device sends measurement configuration information to the terminal device, and correspondingly, the terminal device receives the measurement configuration information from the source access network device.
  • the measurement configuration information is used to configure the measurement of the terminal equipment, and the measurement configuration information may be, for example, target frequency points to be measured, cells to be measured, and measurement events.
  • the measurement configuration information may be carried in the RRC connection reconfiguration message, and the source access network device sends the RRC connection reconfiguration message to the terminal device, and correspondingly, the terminal device receives the RRC connection reconfiguration message from the source access network device.
  • the RRC connection reconfiguration message contains measurement configuration information.
  • the terminal device reports the measurement result to the source access network device.
  • the terminal device performs measurement according to the measurement configuration in S402, and obtains a measurement result.
  • the measurement result includes signal quality information of the cell of the source access network device and the cell of the neighboring access network device, and the signal quality may be, for example, RSRP, RSRQ or SINR.
  • the source access network device evaluates according to the measurement result reported by the terminal device, and determines a candidate target access network device list based on signal quality.
  • the source access network device obtains the measurement result reported by the terminal device. This process is optional and can be implemented in any possible way. The measurement method and reporting method are not limited in this embodiment of the application.
  • the source access network device sends the first information to the OAM, and the OAM receives the first information from the source access network device.
  • the first information may be used to subscribe to a handover-optimized analysis service, and the first information may include an analysis service ID (analytics service ID), for example, the analysis service ID is an identification of a handover-optimized analysis service (handover optimization ID).
  • the first information also includes the identifier of the terminal device that needs to be handed over, and may also include the measurement result obtained in S403.
  • the first information may also include priority information of the terminal device.
  • the first information may also include the identifier of the second access network device to be analyzed, which may be a list of identifiers of the second access network device, for example, the list of candidate target access network devices determined in S404.
  • the first information may also include a target time period for which analysis is requested.
  • the first information may also include an analysis report reporting method.
  • OAM collects real-time data according to the first information of the source access network device.
  • the collected data type is the first data input into the model, and the first data includes resource allocation and usage of the second access network device, and may also include cell traffic.
  • the resources may include wireless resources such as DL/UL PRB, and virtual resources such as CPU/memory/disk.
  • the first data includes remaining radio resources and/or remaining virtual resources of the second access network device.
  • the OAM collects the data of the second access network device that needs to be analyzed, and can collect the data of the second access network device indicated by these identifiers according to the identifiers of the second access network devices that need to be analyzed included in the first information.
  • the first information indicates the candidate target access network device list determined in S404, and the OAM collects data of each second access network device in the candidate target access network device list.
  • OAM performs management data analysis based on the collected real-time data and the trained model.
  • Available trained models are pre-stored in the OAM.
  • the models can be trained by the training function of the OAM, or obtained from an external model market.
  • OAM generates analysis reports/quality of experience information based on management data analysis.
  • S406-S407 is the process of generating the analysis report/quality of experience information by the OAM, which may correspond to the process of obtaining the analysis report/quality of experience information by the network management device in S301.
  • the OAM sends the analysis report/quality of experience information to the source access network device, and correspondingly, the source access network device receives the analysis report/quality of experience information from the OAM.
  • the analysis report/quality of experience information includes the predicted QoE of the terminal device accessing the second access network device.
  • the analysis report/quality of experience information also includes: the identification of the analysis service, the identification of the analyzed second access network device, the time stamp when the analysis report/quality of experience information is generated, the validity time of the analysis report/quality of experience information, the confidence level, and the specific Analyze the results.
  • This step may correspond to the process of obtaining the analysis report by the first access network device in S301.
  • the source access network device selects a target access network device based on the candidate access network device list determined in S404 and the prediction result returned by the OAM.
  • This step may correspond to the process in S302 in which the first access network device determines the target access network device for the handover of the terminal device according to the analysis report/quality of experience information.
  • Switching the execution process is the same as the standard switching process.
  • the process includes that the source access network device initiates a handover request to the target access network device.
  • the source access network device requests the OAM to unsubscribe from the handover-optimized analysis service.
  • This step of requesting to unsubscribe from the handover-optimized analysis service may correspond to the above-mentioned step of the first access network device sending the second information to the network management device.
  • S411 is an optional step.
  • the handover method provided in the embodiment of the present application will be further introduced in detail below in combination with the second specific application scenario.
  • the network management device is an OAM
  • the first access network device is a source access network device
  • S501-S506 are the same as S401-S406, and reference may be made to the embodiment in FIG. 4, and details are not repeated here.
  • OAM analyzes the management data based on the collected real-time data and the trained model, and obtains the analysis report/quality of experience information.
  • This step may correspond to the process in which the network management device obtains the analysis report/quality of experience information in S301. It should be noted that in this step, OAM performs management data analysis based on the collected real-time data and the trained model. Identify target access network devices during analysis. The analysis report/quality of experience information generated by the OAM also includes the information of the target access network device, for example, the identifier of the target access network device.
  • the OAM sends the analysis report/quality of experience information to the source access network device, the source access network device receives the analysis report/quality of experience information from the OAM, and the analysis report/quality of experience information also includes information of the target access network device. Or, the OAM sends the information of the target access network device to the source access network device, and correspondingly, the source access network device receives the information of the target access network device from the OAM.
  • the network management device performs analysis to predict the quality of experience of the terminal device after switching from the first access network device to one or more second access network devices.
  • the network management device determines that the resources of the one or more second access network devices are insufficient according to the analysis.
  • this embodiment of the present application provides a solution, as shown in FIG. 6 .
  • the network management device sends indication information to the first access network device, where the indication information is used to indicate that resources of the second access network device are insufficient.
  • the first access network device receives the indication information from the network management device.
  • the indication information may be carried by a first notification message, for example, the first notification message may be a resource shortage notification message.
  • the indication information and the quality of experience information may also be carried in the same message.
  • the first access network device sends a resource adjustment request to the network management device, where the resource adjustment request is used to request adjustment of wireless resources and/or virtual resources of the second access network device.
  • the network management device receives the resource adjustment request from the first access network device.
  • the resource adjustment request may include one or more of the following information: the identifier of the second access network device, the identifier of the terminal device, or an expected QoE threshold.
  • S603 is also included after S602.
  • the network management device adjusts the resource of the second access network device according to the resource adjustment request.
  • the network management device may adjust resources of some second access network devices among the one or more second access network devices, or may adjust resources of all second access network devices among the one or more second access network devices. resource.
  • the network management device may adjust the resources of the second access network device according to the expected quality of experience threshold in the resource adjustment request, so that the adjusted resources can meet the quality of experience threshold of the terminal device after handover.
  • Adjusting the resources of the second access network device may be, for example, activating idle cells of the second access network device, activating idle physical resources, or expanding capacity. Among them, capacity expansion can be applied to scenarios that support virtualization.
  • the network management device may send a resource configuration modification request to the second access network device that needs to adjust resources, where the resource configuration modification request includes the adjusted resource configuration. After receiving the resource configuration modification request, the second access network device may perform resource adjustment according to the resource configuration modification request.
  • the network management device After adjusting the resources of the second access network device, the network management device continues to generate an analysis report, and sends the analysis report to the first access network device, and the first access network device determines the target access network device according to the analysis report, or, the network The device determines a target access network device.
  • the network management device After adjusting the resources of the second access network device, the network management device continues to generate an analysis report, and sends the analysis report to the first access network device, and the first access network device determines the target access network device according to the analysis report, or, the network The device determines a target access network device.
  • S603 is also included.
  • the network management device sends a second notification message to the first access network device, where the second notification message is used to notify the first access network device that resource adjustment is completed.
  • the first access network device receives the second notification message from the network management device.
  • an analysis method is also provided, so as to reduce the load of the network management device and reduce the delay in waiting for the analysis result.
  • the flow of the analysis method provided by the embodiment of the present application is as follows.
  • the network management device sends the analysis model and the identifier of the analysis service to the first access network device, and correspondingly, the first access network device receives the analysis model and the identifier of the analysis service from the network management device.
  • the network management device may send the analysis model and the identification of the analysis service to the access network devices within the jurisdiction in advance.
  • the first access network device sends an analysis model request message to the network management device, and the network management device returns the analysis model and the identifier of the analysis service to the first access network device.
  • the network management device returns the updated analysis model and/or the identifier of the analysis service to the first access network device. If the analysis model and/or the identifier of the analysis service are not updated compared with those sent in advance, the first access network device may use the pre-stored analysis model and identifier of the analysis service.
  • the provided analysis service class may be carried in the first message.
  • the type of the first message may have various forms.
  • the first message is an interface message, and the analysis model and the identifier of the analysis service are passed as parameters in the interface message.
  • the first access network device sends an analysis model subscription request message to the network management device, and the network management device sends the analysis model and the identifier of the analysis service to the first access network device based on the analysis model subscription request message.
  • the first access network device may also send a message requesting to unsubscribe from the analysis model to the network management device.
  • the first access network device may also send a request to the network management device to create an analysis model object class, and may perform operations such as addition, deletion, modification, and query on the analysis model object class, thereby realizing the sending of the analysis model object class.
  • the first access network device sends a message requesting to create an analysis model object class to the network management device, and the network management device sends a message to modify the analysis model object class to the first access network device.
  • the message modifying the analysis model object class is used to send the content of the analysis model and the identification of the analysis service.
  • the first access network device may also send a message for requesting deletion of the analysis model object class to the network management device.
  • the first access network device receives data for analysis from one or more second access network devices.
  • S703 is also included before S702.
  • the first access network device sends a first request to the one or more second access network devices, where the first request is used to request to query data for analysis of the second access network devices.
  • the second access network device sends the data for analysis to the first access network device according to the first request.
  • the first access network device Based on the obtained data for analysis and the analysis model, the first access network device analyzes the one or more second access network devices, and obtains an analysis result of the analysis service.
  • the network management device sends the analysis model to the first access network device, and the first access network device performs the analysis, which can reduce the load of the network management device and the time delay of waiting for the analysis result.
  • the analysis model may include a model identification corresponding to the analysis model.
  • the model identifier can uniquely identify the analysis model.
  • the analysis model can include a model file.
  • the analysis model may include a model file address.
  • the analysis model can include a model version number.
  • the embodiment in FIG. 7 may also be applied in a handover scenario.
  • the analysis service in the embodiment in FIG. 7 may be used for handover of a terminal device between access network devices.
  • the first access network device is the source access network device
  • the terminal device intends to switch from the source access network device to the target access network device.
  • the first access network device sends a first message to the one or more second access network devices, and the first message is used to request to query the data for analysis of the second access network device.
  • the data used for analysis here may refer to the data collected by the network management device according to the first information in the embodiment in FIG. 3 .
  • the collected data may include cell traffic of adjacent devices of the first access network device, for example, cell traffic of the one or more second access network devices, and the cell traffic may be a cell packet data convergence protocol (packet data Convergence protocol, PDCP) bytes (cell PDCP bytes).
  • the collected data may also include resource information of neighboring devices of the first access network device, and the resource information may be resource allocation and/or resource usage.
  • the adjacent device of the first access network device may be, for example, the second access network device in the embodiment in FIG. 3 .
  • the collected data may be resource information available to the second access network device, information on resources already used by the second access network device, remaining wireless resources of the second access network device, or remaining wireless resources of the second access network device virtual resources.
  • the wireless resources mentioned here may include uplink resources and/or downlink resources, and the wireless resources may refer to PRBs.
  • the virtual resources may be, for example, virtual resources such as CPU, memory, or disk. According to the data used for analysis, the first access network device can analyze the quality of experience obtained when the terminal device switches to the second access network device, so that the handover can be performed according to the quality of experience.
  • the first access network device takes the data for analysis as input data, inputs it into the model for analysis, and obtains an analysis result.
  • the analysis result can be obtained with reference to the method for obtaining the analysis report in the embodiment in FIG. 3 .
  • the first access network device may determine the quality of experience obtained by the terminal device after switching to the one or more second access network devices according to the analysis.
  • the first access network device may further determine a target access network device for handover of the terminal device.
  • the process for the first access network device to determine the target access network device for the handover of the terminal device may refer to the detailed description of the embodiment in FIG. 3 or FIG. 4 .
  • the first access network device sends measurement configuration information to the terminal device, the measurement configuration information is used to configure the measurement of the terminal device, and the terminal device measures the signals of one or more cells of the second access network device according to the measurement configuration information Quality is measured and measurement results are obtained.
  • the terminal device sends the measurement result to the first access network device, the first access network device receives the measurement result from the terminal device, and the first access network device determines the candidate access network device list according to the measurement result.
  • the first access network device determines the target access network device according to the analysis result and the measurement result.
  • the first access network device After the first access network device determines the target access network device, it performs a handover process, and the handover process will not be repeated here.
  • the first access network device can analyze by itself and determine the target access network device. Compared with the method of analyzing by the network management device in the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 , it can save signaling overhead and reduce the delay in waiting for the analysis result during the handover process. Improve switching efficiency.
  • another analysis method is provided in the embodiment of the present application in order to reduce the load and delay of the network management device.
  • FIG. 8 the flow of another analysis method provided by the embodiment of the present application is as follows.
  • the network management device sends the analysis model and the identification of the analysis service to one or more second access network devices.
  • the analysis model and the identification of the analysis service may be carried in the first message.
  • the one or more second access network devices receives the analysis model and the identification of the analysis service from the network management device.
  • the first access network device sends a second request to one or more second access network devices, and the second access network device receives the second request from the first access network device.
  • the second request is used to request an analysis service, and the analysis service is used for handover of the terminal device between access network devices.
  • the second request may include the identification of the analysis service and the identification of the terminal device.
  • the second request also includes a combination of one or more of the following: the measurement result of the channel quality of the communication link between the terminal device and the second access network device, the priority information of the terminal device, and the target time period for performing the analysis service , or analysis report/reporting method of quality of experience information.
  • the first access network device sends the second request to one or more second access network devices respectively.
  • the second request sent by the first access network device to one of the second access network devices carries the signal quality measurement result of the second access network device by the terminal device.
  • the network management device may send the analysis model and the identification of the analysis service to the access network devices within the jurisdiction in advance.
  • the second access network device may send an analysis model request message to the network management device, and the network management device returns the analysis model and analysis service information to the second access network device. logo.
  • the network management device if the analysis model and/or the identifier of the analysis service are updated compared with those sent in advance, the network management device returns the updated analysis model and/or the identifier of the analysis service to the second access network device. If the analysis model and/or the identifier of the analysis service are not updated compared with those sent in advance, the second access network device may use the pre-stored analysis model and identifier of the analysis service.
  • the type of the first message may have various forms, and reference may be made to the description of the first message type in the embodiment of FIG. 8 above.
  • the first message is an interface message
  • the analysis model and the identifier of the analysis service are passed as parameters in the interface message.
  • the second access network device sends an analysis model subscription request message to the network management device, and the network management device sends the analysis model and the analysis service identifier to the second access network device based on the analysis model subscription request message.
  • the second access network device may also send a message requesting to unsubscribe from the analysis model to the network management device.
  • the second access network device may also send a request to the network management device to create an analysis model object class, and may perform operations such as addition, deletion, modification, and query on the analysis model object class, thereby realizing the sending of the analysis model object class.
  • the second access network device sends a message requesting to create an analysis model object class to the network management device, and the network management device sends a message to modify the analysis model object class to the second access network device.
  • the message modifying the analysis model object class is used to send the content of the analysis model and the identification of the analysis service.
  • the second access network device may also send a message for requesting deletion of the analysis model object class to the network management device.
  • the second access network device sends an analysis report/quality of experience information to the first access network device, where the analysis report/quality of experience information includes: the predicted quality of experience after the terminal device accesses the second access network device.
  • the quality of experience information is determined according to the first data and the training model, the first data includes resource information, and the resource information includes remaining wireless resources and/or remaining virtual resources of the second access network device.
  • the first access network device acquires the analysis report/quality of experience information. Specifically, the first access network device receives the analysis report/quality of experience information from the second access network device.
  • the second access network device mentioned in S803 may refer to any second access network device among the above one or more second access network devices.
  • the analysis report sent by one of the second access network devices to the first access network device carries the predicted quality of experience after the terminal device accesses the second access network device.
  • the analysis report/quality of experience information may further include at least one of the generation time of the analysis report/quality of experience information, the valid time of the analysis report/quality of experience information, or the confidence level of the analysis report/quality of experience information.
  • the first access network device determines a target access network device for handover of the terminal device according to the analysis report/quality of experience information, where the target access network device is an access network device in one or more second access network devices.
  • the first access network device receives the analysis report/quality of experience information from the one or more second access network devices, and the first access network device may, based on the analysis report/quality of experience information of the one or more second access network devices
  • the quality of experience information determines the target access network device for the handover of the terminal device.
  • the process for the first access network device to determine the target access network device for the handover of the terminal device may refer to the detailed description of the embodiment in FIG. 3 or FIG. 4 .
  • the first access network device sends measurement configuration information to the terminal device, the measurement configuration information is used to configure the measurement of the terminal device, and the terminal device measures the signals of one or more cells of the second access network device according to the measurement configuration information Quality is measured and measurement results are obtained.
  • the terminal device sends the measurement result to the first access network device, the first access network device receives the measurement result from the terminal device, and the first access network device determines a candidate access network device list according to the measurement result.
  • the first access network device determines the target access network device according to the analysis result and the measurement result.
  • the first access network device After the first access network device determines the target access network device, it performs a handover process, and the handover process will not be repeated here.
  • the methods provided in the embodiments of the present application are introduced from the perspectives of the network management device, the first access network device, the second access network device, the terminal device, and the interaction between each device. .
  • the network device and the terminal device may include a hardware structure and/or a software module, and realize the above-mentioned functions in the form of a hardware structure, a software module, or a hardware structure plus a software module . Whether one of the above-mentioned functions is executed in the form of a hardware structure, a software module, or a hardware structure plus a software module depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution.
  • this embodiment of the present application also provides a switching device 900
  • the switching device 900 can be the first network element, or a device in the first network element, or can be connected with The first network element matches the device used.
  • the first network element may be a first access network device, or may be a network management device.
  • the switching device 900 may include a module corresponding to the method/operation/step/action performed by the first access network device or network management device in the above method embodiment, and the module may be a hardware circuit, Also can be software, also can be that hardware circuit combines software to realize.
  • the switching device may include a processing module 901 and a communication module 902 .
  • the processing module 901 is configured to call the communication module 902 to perform receiving and/or sending functions.
  • the communication module 902 which may also be referred to as a transceiver module, may include a receiving module and a sending module, the receiving module is used to perform the operation received in the method embodiment, and the sending module is used to perform the operation sent in the method embodiment.
  • the processing module performs the operation of sending or receiving through the communication module, which can be understood as the processing module sends an instruction to the communication module, and the communication module performs the operation of sending or receiving, or the processing module instructs the communication module to perform sending or receiving operation.
  • the communication module 902 is configured to obtain an analysis report/quality of experience information
  • the analysis report/quality of experience information includes: the predicted experience of the terminal device after accessing the second access network device Quality, the analysis report/quality of experience information is determined according to the first data and the training model, the first data includes resource information, and the resource information includes the remaining wireless resources and/or remaining virtual resources of the second access network device; the processing module 901 uses In order to determine the target access network device for handover of the terminal device according to the analysis report/quality of experience information, the target access network device is the access network device in the second access network device.
  • the processing module 901 is configured to obtain an analysis report/quality of experience information, the analysis report/quality of experience information includes: the predicted quality of experience after the terminal device accesses the second access network device; processing Module 901 is further configured to determine a target access network device for handover of the terminal device according to the analysis report/quality of experience information, where the target access network device is an access network device in one or more second access network devices. Further, the processing module 901 can also be divided into an acquisition module and a determination module.
  • the acquisition module is used to acquire an analysis report/quality of experience information, and the analysis report/quality of experience information includes: after the predicted terminal device accesses the second access network device quality of experience; a determination module, configured to determine a target access network device for terminal device handover according to the analysis report/quality of experience information, where the target access network device is an access network device in one or more second access network devices.
  • the communication module 902 is specifically configured to: receive the analysis report/quality of experience information from the network management device.
  • the communication module 902 is further configured to send an analysis request to the network management device; wherein the analysis request is used to request an analysis service of the handover.
  • the communication module 902 is further configured to send the identifier of the terminal device to the network management device.
  • the communication module 902 is also configured to send a combination of one or more of the following to the network management device: the identifier of the second access network device, the channel quality measurement result of the terminal device on the second access network device, the terminal The priority information of the device, the target time period for performing the analysis service, or the reporting method of the analysis report/quality of experience information.
  • the communication module 902 is configured to send measurement configuration information to the terminal device, And for receiving a measurement result from the terminal device, the measurement result includes the signal quality of the cell of the first access network device and the signal quality of the cell of the adjacent access network device of the first access network device; the processing module 901 is used for According to the measurement result and analysis report/quality of experience information, determine the target access network device for terminal device handover.
  • the communication module 902 when the switching device 900 is the first access network device, when acquiring the analysis report/quality of experience information, is configured to: receive the analysis report/quality of experience information from the network management device, analyze the report/quality of experience information The quality information also includes the target access network device for the handover of the terminal device.
  • the communication module 902 is further configured to: receive first indication information from the network management device, the first indication information is used to indicate the resources of the second access network device Insufficient: sending a resource adjustment request to the network management device, where the resource adjustment request is used to request adjustment of wireless resources and/or virtual resources of the second access network device.
  • the resource adjustment request includes one or more of the following information: an identifier of the second access network device, an identifier of the terminal device, or an expected quality of experience threshold.
  • the device is the first access network device, and the communication module 902 is further configured to: receive second indication information from the network management device, where the second indication information is used to indicate the analysis service type that the network management device can provide.
  • the processing module 901 when acquiring the analysis report/quality of experience information, is configured to: determine the analysis report/quality of experience information according to the collected data, the collected data is the first data input into the model , the first data includes cell traffic of neighboring devices of the first access network device.
  • the communication module 902 is further configured to: send the identifier of the target access network device to the first access network device.
  • the communication module 902 is further configured to: send a combination of one or more of the following: analysis service identification, second access network device identification, analysis report/quality of experience information generation time, analysis report/quality of experience information The validity time of the information, or the confidence level of the analysis report/quality of experience information.
  • the switching apparatus 900 may also be configured to perform the operations performed by the first access network device or the network management device in the foregoing embodiments.
  • the switching apparatus 900 may also perform the operations performed by the first access network device in the embodiment in FIG. 7 . in:
  • the communication module 902 is used to receive the analysis model and the identification of the analysis service from the network management device; it is also used to receive data for analysis from one or more second access network devices; the processing module 901 is used to analyze based on the The data and the analysis model are used to analyze the one or more second access network devices, and obtain the analysis results of the analysis service.
  • the processing module 901 and the communication module 902 may also be configured to perform functions of other corresponding steps in the embodiment in FIG. 7 , which will not be repeated here.
  • the switching apparatus 900 may also perform the operations performed by the first access network device in the embodiment in FIG. 8 . in:
  • the communication module 902 is configured to send a second request to one or more second access network devices, the second request is used to request an analysis service, and the analysis service is used for handover of the terminal device between access network devices; the communication module 902 also It is used to obtain an analysis report/quality of experience information, and the analysis report/quality of experience information includes: the predicted quality of experience after the terminal device accesses the second access network device; the processing module 901 is used to determine the terminal device according to the analysis report/quality of experience information
  • the target access network device for handover is the access network device in one or more second access network devices.
  • the processing module 901 and the communication module 902 may also be configured to perform functions of other corresponding steps in the embodiment of FIG. 8 , which will not be repeated here.
  • the switching apparatus 900 may also perform operations performed by the second access network device in the embodiment in FIG. 8 . in:
  • the communication module 902 is configured to receive the analysis model and the identification of the analysis service from the network management device; the second access network device receives a second request from the first access network device, wherein the second request is used to request the analysis service, and the analysis The service is used for the handover of the terminal device between the access network devices; the communication module 902 is also used for sending the analysis report/quality of experience information to the first access network device, the analysis report/quality of experience information includes: the predicted access of the terminal device to the first 2. Quality of experience after accessing network devices.
  • each functional module in each embodiment of the present application can be integrated into a processing In the controller, it can also be physically present separately, or two or more modules can be integrated into one module.
  • the above-mentioned integrated modules can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of software function modules.
  • the switching device 1000 provided in the embodiment of this application can be the first network element, or a device in the first network element, or can be connected with the first network element.
  • the network element matches the device used.
  • the first network element may be a first access network device, or may be a network management device.
  • the switching apparatus 1000 is used to implement the functions of the first access network device or network management device in the above method.
  • the switching device 1000 may be a system on a chip.
  • the system-on-a-chip may be composed of chips, or may include chips and other discrete devices.
  • the switching apparatus 1000 includes at least one processor 1020, configured to implement the functions of the first access network device or the network management device in the method provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • the switching device 1000 may also include a communication interface 1010 .
  • the communication interface may be a transceiver, a circuit, a bus, a module or other types of communication interfaces, and is used for communicating with other devices through a transmission medium.
  • the transceiver may include a receiver and a transmitter, the receiver is used to realize the operation of receiving, and the transmitter is used to realize the operation of sending.
  • the communication interface 1010 may include an input interface and an output interface, where the input interface corresponds to performing a receiving operation, and the output interface corresponds to performing a sending operation.
  • the communication interface 1010 is used for devices in the device 1000 to communicate with other devices.
  • the processor 1020 uses the communication interface 1010 to send and receive data, and is used to implement the methods described in the foregoing method embodiments.
  • the communication interface 1010 is used to obtain the analysis report/quality of experience information
  • the analysis report/quality of experience information includes: the predicted access of the terminal device to the second access network Quality of experience after the device; processor 1020, configured to determine a target access network device for terminal device handover according to the analysis report, where the target access network device is an access network device in one or more second access network devices.
  • the processor 1020 is configured to obtain an analysis report/quality of experience information, the analysis report/quality of experience information includes: the predicted quality of experience after the terminal device accesses the second access network device; processing The unit 1020 is further configured to determine a target access network device for handover of the terminal device according to the analysis report, where the target access network device is an access network device in one or more second access network devices.
  • the processor 1020 and the communication interface 1010 may also be used to perform other corresponding steps or operations performed by the first network element in the method embodiment in FIG. 3 , which will not be repeated here.
  • the switching apparatus 1000 may also perform the operations performed by the first access network device in the embodiment in FIG. 7 . in:
  • the communication interface 1010 is used to receive the analysis model and the identification of the analysis service from the network management device; it is also used to receive data for analysis from one or more second access network devices; the processor 1020 is used for analyzing based on the The data and the analysis model are used to analyze the one or more second access network devices, and obtain the analysis results of the analysis service.
  • the processor 1020 and the communication interface 1010 may also be used to perform functions of other corresponding steps in the embodiment in FIG. 7 , which will not be repeated here.
  • the switching apparatus 1000 may also perform the operations performed by the first access network device in the embodiment in FIG. 8 . in:
  • the communication interface 1010 is used to send request information to one or more second access network devices respectively, the request information is used to request an analysis service, and the analysis service is used for handover of a terminal device between access network devices; the communication interface 1010 is also used to Obtain the analysis report/quality of experience information, the analysis report/quality of experience information includes: the predicted quality of experience after the terminal device accesses the second access network device; the processor 1020 is used to determine the target access network for the terminal device to switch according to the analysis report The target access network device is an access network device in one or more second access network devices.
  • the processor 1020 and the communication interface 1010 may also be used to perform functions of other corresponding steps in the embodiment of FIG. 8 , which will not be repeated here.
  • the switching apparatus 1000 may also perform the operations performed by the second access network device in the embodiment in FIG. 8 . in:
  • the communication interface 1010 is used to receive the analysis model and the identification of the analysis service from the network management device; the second access network device receives the request information from the first access network device, wherein the request information is used to request the analysis service, and the analysis service uses The communication interface 1010 is also used to send an analysis report/quality of experience information to the first access network device, where the analysis report/quality of experience information includes: the predicted access of the terminal device to the second interface The quality of experience after the device is connected to the network.
  • the communication device 1000 may also include at least one memory 1030 for storing program instructions and/or data.
  • the memory 1030 is coupled to the processor 1020 .
  • the coupling in the embodiments of the present application is an indirect coupling or a communication connection between devices, units or modules, which may be in electrical, mechanical or other forms, and is used for information exchange between devices, units or modules.
  • Processor 1020 may cooperate with memory 1030 .
  • Processor 1020 may execute program instructions stored in memory 1030. At least one of the at least one memory may be included in the processor.
  • a specific connection medium among the communication interface 1010, the processor 1020, and the memory 1030 is not limited.
  • the memory 1030, the processor 1020, and the communication interface 1010 are connected through the bus 1040.
  • the bus is represented by a thick line in FIG. 10, and the connection mode between other components is only for schematic illustration , is not limited.
  • the bus can be divided into address bus, data bus, control bus and so on. For ease of representation, only one thick line is used in FIG. 10 , but it does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.
  • the processor may be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor, an application-specific integrated circuit, a field programmable gate array or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic device, or a discrete hardware component, and may implement or Execute the methods, steps and logic block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of the present application.
  • a general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor or the like. The steps of the methods disclosed in connection with the embodiments of the present application may be directly implemented by a hardware processor, or implemented by a combination of hardware and software modules in the processor.
  • the memory 1030 may be a non-volatile memory, such as a hard disk (hard disk drive, HDD) or a solid-state drive (solid-state drive, SSD), etc., and may also be a volatile memory (volatile memory), For example random-access memory (random-access memory, RAM).
  • a memory is, but is not limited to, any other medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer.
  • the memory in the embodiment of the present application may also be a circuit or any other device capable of implementing a storage function, and is used for storing program instructions and/or data.
  • Some or all of the operations and functions performed by the terminal described in the above method embodiments of the present application, or some or all of the operations and functions performed by the network device may be implemented by a chip or an integrated circuit.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides a chip, including a processor, for supporting the switching device in implementing the first access network device or network in the above method embodiment. Functions involved in managing devices.
  • the chip is connected to a memory or the chip includes a memory, and the memory is used for storing necessary program instructions and data of the communication device.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, where the computer program includes instructions for executing the foregoing method embodiments.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a computer program product containing instructions, which, when run on a computer, enable the above method embodiments to be realized.
  • the embodiments of the present application may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
  • computer-usable storage media including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.
  • These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory capable of directing a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to operate in a specific manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising instruction means, the instructions
  • the device realizes the function specified in one or more procedures of the flowchart and/or one or more blocks of the block diagram.

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Abstract

本申请公开了一种切换方法及装置，以期提高切换后终端设备的业务体验质量。该方法包括：第一网元获取体验质量信息，第一网元为第一接入网设备或网络管理设备，体验质量信息用于指示预测的终端设备接入第二接入网设备后的体验质量，体验质量信息根据第一数据和训练模型确定，第一数据包括资源信息，资源信息包括第二接入网设备剩余的无线资源和/或剩余的虚拟资源；第一网元根据体验质量信息从第二接入网设备中确定目标接入网设备，目标接入网设备用于终端设备从第一接入网设备至目标接入网设备的切换。这样，第一网元根据体验质量信息确定终端设备切换的目标接入网设备，终端设备接入目标接入网设备后能获得更好的体验质量。

Description

一种切换方法及装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求在2021年06月02日提交中国专利局、申请号为202110613607.7、申请名称为“一种切换方法及装置”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请实施例涉及通信技术领域，尤其涉及一种切换方法及装置。
背景技术
在无线通信系统中，当终端设备发生移动时，根据信号强度的变化或者网络侧的负载均衡的需求，终端设备可能会从一个接入网设备(也称为源接入网设备)切换到另一个接入网设备(也称为目标接入网设备)。切换之前由源接入网设备为终端设备提供服务，切换完成后由目标接入网设备为终端设备提供服务。例如，在现有的切换方法中，终端设备对源接入网设备的小区和相邻接入网设备的小区的信号质量进行测量，源接入网设备根据终端设备测量的信号质量确定目标接入网设备，源接入网设备向目标接入网设备发起切换请求。
可以看出，现有技术是根据信号质量选择终端设备切换的目标网络设备。但是终端设备切换到目标接入网设备后的实际业务体验质量还会受到目标接入网设备的资源状态或负载状况等多种因素的影响，如果仅根据信号质量所选择目标接入网设备，可能无法满足终端设备的业务体验质量需求。如何提高切换后终端设备的业务体验质量，是需要考虑的问题。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种切换方法及装置，以期提高切换后终端设备的业务体验质量。
第一方面，提供一种切换方法，该方法可以由第一网元执行，也可以由第一网元的部件(例如处理器、芯片、或芯片系统等)执行。第一网元可以是网络管理设备，第一网元也可以是第一接入网设备。该方法可以通过以下步骤实现：第一网元获取体验质量信息，体验质量信息用于指示预测的终端设备接入第二接入网设备后的体验质量，体验质量信息根据第一数据和训练模型确定，第一数据包括第二接入网设备剩余的无线资源和/或剩余的虚拟资源；第一网元根据体验质量信息从第二接入网设备中确定目标接入网设备，目标接入网设备用于终端设备从第一接入网设备至目标接入网设备的切换。第一网元根据体验质量信息确定终端设备切换的目标接入网设备，这样，终端设备在切换至目标接入网设备后，就能够获得更好的体验质量。
其中，第一数据包括第二接入网设备剩余的无线资源和/或剩余的虚拟资源,可以理解为：第一数据包括资源信息，资源信息包括第二接入网设备剩余的无线资源和/或剩余的虚拟资源。
在一个可能的设计中，第一数据还包括以下一项或多项：小区流量、终端设备的优先 级指示信息或终端设备的测量结果，小区流量用于指示小区在一段时间内传输的数据量，终端设备的优先级指示信息用于指示终端设备接受服务的优先顺序，例如，若终端设备A的优先级高于终端设备B，则接入网设备会优先为终端设备A提供服务，接入网设备的资源优先考虑分配给终端设备A。终端设备的测量结果包括通信链路的信道质量。
在一个可能的设计中，第一网元为第一接入网设备，第一接入网设备接收来自网络管理设备的体验质量信息。第一接入网设备为终端设备的源网络设备，源网络设备在执行切换时，能够综合来自网络管理设备的体验质量信息来选择切换的目标接入网设备，使得切换后的目标接入网设备能够为终端设备提供更好的体验质量。
在一个可能的设计中，第一网元为第一接入网设备，第一接入网设备向网络管理设备发送分析请求；其中，分析请求用于请求分析服务，分析服务用于终端设备在接入网设备间的切换。
可选的，该分析请求为分析服务的标识。可选的，第一接入网设备向网络管理设备发送第一信息，第一信息中包括分析服务的标识，可选的，该第一信息还可以包括终端设备的标识。分析服务的标识用于网络管理设备确定第一接入网设备请求的是哪种分析服务，例如，分析服务的标识为请求切换优化的分析服务，网络管理设备根据分析服务的标识和终端设备的标识，为该终端设备的切换进行切换优化的分析服务。
在一个可能的设计中，第一信息还包括以下一项或多项的组合：第二接入网设备的标识、终端设备与第二接入网设备之间的通信链路的信道质量、终端设备的优先级信息、执行分析服务的目标时间段、或体验质量信息的上报方式。其中，第一信息中包括该终端设备的优先级信息，可以使得网络管理设备在生成体验质量信息时，能够考量到该终端设备的优先级信息，使得终端设备在切换至第二接入网设备后也能够获得与优先级信息匹配的服务质量。
在一个可能的设计中，第一接入网设备还可以向网络管理设备发送以下一项或多项的组合：第二接入网设备的标识、终端设备与第二接入网设备之间的通信链路的信道质量、终端设备的优先级信息、执行分析服务的目标时间段、或体验质量信息的上报方式。其中，第一信息中包括该终端设备的优先级信息，可以使得网络管理设备在生成体验质量信息时，能够考量到该终端设备的优先级信息，使得终端设备在切换至第二接入网设备后也能够获得与优先级信息匹配的服务质量。
在一个可能的设计中，第一网元为第一接入网设备，第一网元根据体验质量信息确定终端设备切换的目标接入网设备，可以通过以下方式A、方式B或方式C实现：
方式A：第一接入网设备根据体验质量信息中携带的预测的终端设备从第一接入网设备切换至一个或多个第二接入网设备之后的体验质量，确定终端设备切换的目标接入网设备。例如，第一接入网设备可以判断预测的终端设备从第一接入网设备切换至一个或多个第二接入网设备之后的体验质量是否高于设定的阈值，将高于设定的阈值的体验质量对应的第二接入网设备确定为目标接入网设备。如果有多个体验质量高于设定的阈值，多个高于阈值的体验质量对应多个第二接入网设备，则可以根据设定的规则选择多个第二接入网设备中的一个为目标接入网设备。例如，可以选择信号质量最好的一个第二接入网设备为目标接入网设备；又例如，也可以选择体验质量最好的一个第二接入网设备为目标接入网设备。
方式B：第一接入网设备向终端设备发送测量配置信息，测量配置信息用于对终端设 备的测量进行配置。第一接入网设备接收来自终端设备的测量结果，测量结果包括第一接入网设备的小区的信号质量和第一接入网设备的相邻接入网设备的小区的信号质量。第一接入网设备根据测量结果确定候选接入网设备，这里的候选接入网设备包括上述一个或多个第二接入网设备。第一接入网设备根据体验质量信息，从候选接入网设备中确定终端设备切换的目标接入网设备。其中，第一接入网设备可以根据设定规则从候选接入网设备中确定终端设备切换的目标接入网设备。
方式C：第一接入网设备根据体验质量信息，获取预测的终端设备从第一接入网设备切换至候选接入网设备之后的体验质量，这里的候选接入网设备包括上述一个或多个第二接入网设备。第一接入网设备向终端设备发送测量配置信息，测量配置信息用于对终端设备的测量进行配置。第一接入网设备接收来自终端设备的测量结果，测量结果包括第一接入网设备的小区的信号质量和第一接入网设备的相邻接入网设备的小区的信号质量。第一接入网设备根据测量结果，从候选接入网设备中确定终端设备切换的目标接入网设备。其中，第一接入网设备可以根据设定规则从候选接入网设备中确定终端设备切换的目标接入网设备。
在一个可能的设计中，第一网元为第一接入网设备，第一接入网设备接收来自网络管理设备的体验质量信息，体验质量信息还包括终端设备切换的目标接入网设备。这种情况下，由网络管理设备在进行数据分析时，确定出终端设备切换的目标接入网设备，第一接入网设备根据网络管理设备选择的目标接入网设备进行切换。
在一个可能的设计中，第一网元为第一接入网设备，第一接入网设备接收来自网络管理设备的第一指示信息，第一指示信息用于指示第二接入网设备的资源不足；第一接入网设备向网络管理设备发送资源调整请求，资源调整请求用于请求调整第二接入网设备的无线资源和/或虚拟资源。这样能够在目标接入网设备不满足切换需求时，主动请求网络管理设备调整资源，以保证切换的性能，使得终端设备能够切换到满足体验质量需求的目标接入网设备。
在一个可能的设计中，资源调整请求中包括以下一项或多项信息：第二接入网设备的标识、终端设备的标识、或期望达到的体验质量阈值。
在一个可能的设计中，第一网元为第一接入网设备，第一接入网设备接收来自网络管理设备的第二指示信息，第二指示信息用于指示网络管理设备可提供的分析服务类型，分析服务类型为切换的分析服务。根据分析服务的标识，第一接入网设备可以获知网络管理设备能够提供这个类型的分析服务，在有切换优化需求时，才会向网络管理设备请求切换优化的分析，根据体验质量信息进行切换，提高切换的性能。
在一个可能的设计中，若第一网元为网络管理设备，网络管理设备可以根据以下方法获取体验质量信息：网络管理设备根据收集数据确定体验质量信息，收集数据包括第一接入网设备的相邻设备的小区流量。这里的相邻设备例如可以是上述第二接入网设备，根据相邻设备的小区流量，能够分析到终端设备切换到该相邻设备时获得的体验质量，从而能够根据体验质量进行切换。
在一个可能的设计中，若第一网元为网络管理设备，网络管理设备向第一接入网设备发送目标接入网设备的标识。网络管理设备能够根据分析来选择目标接入网设备，并通知给第一接入网设备，这样，只需要向第一接入网设备发送目标接入网设备的信息即可，不需要向第一接入网设备发送很多体验质量信息的内容，节省信令开销。
在一个可能的设计中，体验质量信息还包括以下一项或多项的组合：分析服务的标识、第二接入网设备的标识、体验质量信息的生成时间、体验质量信息的有效时间、或体验质量信息的置信度。
第二方面，提供一种分析方法，该方法可以由第一接入网设备执行，也可以由第一接入网设备的部件(例如处理器、芯片、或芯片系统等)执行。该方法可以通过以下步骤实现：第一接入网设备接收来自网络管理设备的分析模型和分析服务的标识；第一接入网设备接收来自一个或多个第二接入网设备的用于分析的数据；第一接入网设备基于用于分析的数据和分析模型，对一个或多个第二接入网设备进行分析，获得分析服务的分析结果。通过第一接入网设备接收来自网络管理设备的分析模型和分析服务的标识，能够使得第一接入网设备进行数据分析，这样，一方面能够节省网络管理设备分析的负荷，另一方面，能够节省由网络管理设备将体验质量信息发送给第一接入网设备的信令开销，减少第一接入网设备等待分析结果的时延，当分析用于终端设备在接入网设备之间的切换时，能够提高切换的效率。
在一个可能的设计中，分析模型包括一项或多项信息的组合：分析模型对应的模型标识、模型文件、模型文件地址或模型版本号。
在一个可能的设计中，分析服务用于终端设备在接入网设备间的切换。
在一个可能的设计中，第一设备向网络管理设备发送第一请求消息，第一请求消息用于请求分析模型。
在一个可能的设计中，第一设备向一个或多个第二设备发送第二请求消息，第二请求消息用于请求用于分析的数据。
在一个可能的设计中，用于分析的数据包括以下一项或多项信息的组合：第二接入网设备可用的资源信息、第二接入网设备已经使用的资源的信息、第二接入网设备剩余的无线资源、第二接入网设备剩余的虚拟资源、或第二接入网设备的小区流量的信息。根据用于分析的数据，第一接入网设备能够分析到终端设备切换到该第二接入网设备时获得的体验质量，从而能够根据体验质量进行切换。
在一个可能的设计中，第一接入网设备基于一个或多个第二接入网设备的分析结果，确定终端设备从第一接入网设备切换至一个或多个第二接入网设备之后预计获得的体验质量。第一接入网设备基于一个或多个第二接入网设备的分析结果，能够综合分析终端设备分别切换到一个或多个第二接入网设备后的体验质量，这样就能够考量到体验质量来选择目标接入网设备，从而保证终端设备切换后的体验质量。
在一个可能的设计中，第一接入网设备根据体验质量，确定终端设备切换的目标接入网设备。
第三方面，提供一种切换方法，该方法可以由第一接入网设备执行，也可以由第一接入网设备的部件(例如处理器、芯片、或芯片系统等)执行。该方法可以通过以下步骤实现：第一接入网设备向一个或多个第二接入网设备分别发送请求信息，请求信息用于请求分析服务，分析服务用于终端设备在接入网设备间的切换；第一接入网设备获取体验质量信息，体验质量信息包括预测的终端设备接入第二接入网设备后的体验质量，体验质量信息根据第一数据和训练模型确定，第一数据包括第二接入网设备剩余的无线资源和/或剩余的虚拟资源，其中，第一数据包括第二接入网设备剩余的无线资源和/或剩余的虚拟资源,可以理解为：第一数据包括资源信息，资源信息包括第二接入网设备剩余的无线资源和/ 或剩余的虚拟资源；第一接入网设备根据体验质量信息从第二接入网设备中确定目标接入网设备，目标接入网设备用于所述终端设备从第一接入网设备至目标接入网设备的切换。由第二接入网设备进行数据分析，能够节省网络设备分析大量数据的负荷。第一接入网设备根据体验质量信息确定终端设备切换的目标接入网设备，所选择的目标接入网设备就考量了终端设备切换后的体验质量这一因素，终端设备在切换至目标接入网设备后，就能够获得更好的体验质量。
在一个可能的设计中，所述第一数据还包括以下一项或多项：小区流量、终端设备的优先级指示信息或终端设备的测量结果，小区流量用于指示小区在一段时间内传输的数据量，终端设备的优先级指示信息用于指示终端设备接受服务的优先顺序，终端设备的测量结果包括终端设备与第二接入网设备之间的通信链路的信道质量。
在一个可能的设计中，请求信息包括分析服务的标识和终端设备的标识。分析服务的标识用于第二接入网设备确定第一接入网设备请求的是哪种分析服务，例如，分析服务的标识为请求切换优化的分析服务，网络管理设备根据分析服务的标识和终端设备的标识，为该终端设备的切换进行切换优化的分析服务。
在一个可能的设计中，请求信息还包括以下一项或多项的组合：终端设备对第二接入网设备的信号质量测量结果、终端设备的优先级信息、执行分析服务的目标时间段、或体验质量信息的上报方式。
在一个可能的设计中，第一接入网设备分别接收来自一个或多个第二接入网设备的体验质量信息。
在一个可能的设计中，第一接入网设备还获取以下一项或多项的组合：第二网络设备的标识、体验质量信息的生成时间、体验质量信息的有效时间、或体验质量信息的置信度。
第四方面，提供一种切换方法，该方法可以由第二接入网设备执行，也可以由第二接入网设备的部件(例如处理器、芯片、或芯片系统等)执行。该方法可以通过以下步骤实现：第二接入网设备接收来自网络管理设备的分析模型和分析服务的标识；第二接入网设备接收来自第一接入网设备的请求信息，其中，请求信息用于请求分析服务，分析服务用于终端设备在接入网设备间的切换；第二接入网设备向第一接入网设备发送体验质量信息，体验质量信息用于指示预测的终端设备接入第二接入网设备后的体验质量，体验质量信息根据第一数据和训练模型确定，第一数据包括第二接入网设备剩余的无线资源和/或剩余的虚拟资源，其中，第一数据包括第二接入网设备剩余的无线资源和/或剩余的虚拟资源,可以理解为：第一数据包括资源信息，资源信息包括第二接入网设备剩余的无线资源和/或剩余的虚拟资源。由第二接入网设备进行数据分析，能够节省网络设备分析大量数据的负荷。第一接入网设备根据体验质量信息确定终端设备切换的目标接入网设备，所选择的目标接入网设备就考量了终端设备切换后的体验质量这一因素，终端设备在切换至目标接入网设备后，就能够获得更好的体验质量。
在一个可能的设计中，第一数据还包括以下一项或多项：小区流量、终端设备的优先级指示信息或终端设备的测量结果，小区流量用于指示小区在一段时间内传输的数据量，终端设备的优先级指示信息用于指示终端设备接受服务的优先顺序，例如，若终端设备A的优先级高于终端设备B，则接入网设备会优先为终端设备A提供服务，接入网设备的资源优先考虑分配给终端设备A。终端设备的测量结果包括通信链路的信道质量。
在一个可能的设计中，请求信息包括分析服务的标识和终端设备的标识。分析服务的 标识用于第二接入网设备确定第一接入网设备请求的是哪种分析服务，例如，分析服务的标识为请求切换优化的分析服务，网络管理设备根据分析服务的标识和终端设备的标识，为该终端设备的切换进行切换优化的分析服务。
在一个可能的设计中，请求信息还包括以下一项或多项的组合：终端设备测量的该终端设备与第二接入网设备之间的通信链路的信道质量、终端设备的优先级信息、执行分析服务的目标时间段、或体验质量信息的上报方式。
在一个可能的设计中，体验质量信息还包括以下一项或多项的组合：分析服务的标识、体验质量信息的生成时间、体验质量信息的有效时间、或体验质量信息的置信度。
第五方面，提供一种切换装置，该装置具有实现上述第一方面和第一方面的任一种可能的设计中第一网元行为的功能。该功能可以通过硬件实现，也可以通过硬件执行相应的软件实现。该硬件或软件包括一个或多个与上述功能相对应的模块。
在一个可能的设计中，该装置可以是芯片或者集成电路。
在一个可能的设计中，该装置包括存储器和处理器，存储器存储有一组程序，处理器用于执行存储器存储的程序，当程序被执行时，该装置可以执行上述第一方面和第一方面的任一种可能的设计中该的方法。
在一个可能的设计中，该装置还包括收发器，用于该装置与其它网元之间进行通信。
在一个可能的设计中，该装置为第一接入网设备或者该装置为网络管理设备。
第六方面，提供一种分析装置，该装置具有实现上述第二方面和第二方面的任一种可能的设计中第一接入网设备行为的功能。该功能可以通过硬件实现，也可以通过硬件执行相应的软件实现。该硬件或软件包括一个或多个与上述功能相对应的模块。
在一个可能的设计中，该装置可以是芯片或者集成电路。
在一个可能的设计中，该装置包括存储器和处理器，存储器存储有一组程序，处理器用于执行存储器存储的程序，当程序被执行时，该装置可以执行上述第二方面和第二方面的任一种可能的设计中该的方法。
在一个可能的设计中，该装置还包括收发器，用于该装置与其它网元之间进行通信。
在一个可能的设计中，该装置为第一接入网设备。
第七方面，提供一种切换装置，该装置具有实现上述第三方面和第三方面的任一种可能的设计中第一接入网设备行为的功能。该功能可以通过硬件实现，也可以通过硬件执行相应的软件实现。该硬件或软件包括一个或多个与上述功能相对应的模块。
在一个可能的设计中，该装置可以是芯片或者集成电路。
在一个可能的设计中，该装置包括存储器和处理器，存储器存储有一组程序，处理器用于执行存储器存储的程序，当程序被执行时，该装置可以执行上述第三方面和第三方面的任一种可能的设计中该的方法。
在一个可能的设计中，该装置还包括收发器，用于该装置与其它网元之间进行通信。
在一个可能的设计中，该装置为第一接入网设备或者该装置为网络管理设备。
第八方面，提供一种切换装置，该装置具有实现上述第四方面和第四方面的任一种可能的设计中第二接入网设备行为的功能。该功能可以通过硬件实现，也可以通过硬件执行相应的软件实现。该硬件或软件包括一个或多个与上述功能相对应的模块。
在一个可能的设计中，该装置可以是芯片或者集成电路。
在一个可能的设计中，该装置包括存储器和处理器，存储器存储有一组程序，处理器 用于执行存储器存储的程序，当程序被执行时，该装置可以执行上述第四方面和第四方面的任一种可能的设计中该的方法。
在一个可能的设计中，该装置还包括收发器，用于该装置与其它网元之间进行通信。
在一个可能的设计中，该装置为第二接入网设备。
第九方面，提供一种芯片，该芯片与存储器相连或者该芯片包括存储器，用于读取并执行该存储器中存储的软件程序，以实现如上述各方面和各方面的任一可能的设计中所述的方法。
第十方面，提供了一种通信系统，该通信系统包括第七方面和第八方面该的装置。
第十一方面，提供一种计算机存储介质，存储有计算机程序，该计算机程序包括用于执行上述各方面和各方面的任一可能的设计中的方法的指令。
第十二方面，提供了一种计算机程序产品，当计算机读取并执行该计算机程序产品时，使得上述各方面和各方面的任一可能的设计中所述的方法被执行。
附图说明
图1a为本申请实施例中通信系统的架构示意图；
图1b为本申请实施例中基于ML技术的MDAS处理流程示意图；
图2为本申请实施例中常规切换方法的流程示意图；
图3为本申请实施例中切换方法的流程示意图；
图4为本申请实施例中应用场景一下的切换方法的流程示意图；
图5为本申请实施例中应用场景二下的切换方法的流程示意图；
图6为本申请实施例中应用场景三下的切换方法的流程示意图；
图7为本申请实施例中分析方法的流程示意图之一；
图8为本申请实施例中分析方法的流程示意图之一；
图9为本申请实施例中分析装置的结构示意图之一；
图10为本申请实施例中分析装置的结构示意图之二。
具体实施方式
本申请实施例提供一种切换方法及装置，以期提高切换后终端设备的业务体验质量。其中，方法和装置是基于相同或相似技术构思的，由于方法及装置解决问题的原理相似，因此装置与方法的实施可以相互参见，重复之处不再赘述。
需要说明的是，本申请实施例的描述中，“和/或”，描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。本申请中所涉及的至少一个是指一个或多个；多个，是指两个或两个以上。另外，需要理解的是，在本申请的描述中，“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等词汇，仅用于区分描述的目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性，也不能理解为指示或暗示顺序。
本申请实施例提供的切换方法可以应用于第四代(4th generation，4G)通信系统，例如长期演进(long term evolution，LTE)，也可以应用于第五代(5th generation，5G)通信系统，例如5G新空口(new radio，NR)，也可以应用于未来演进的各种通信系统，例如第六代(6th generation，6G)通信系统、或者空天海地一体化通信系统。
下面将结合附图，对本申请实施例进行详细描述。
图1a示出了本申请实施例适用的一种通信系统的架构。参阅图1a所示，通信系统100中包括网络设备101和终端设备102。
首先对网络设备101和终端设备102的可能实现形式和功能进行举例介绍。
网络设备101为覆盖范围内的终端设备102提供服务。例如，参见图1a所示，网络设备101为网络设备101覆盖范围内的一个或多个终端设备102提供无线接入。
网络设备101为无线接入网(radio access network，RAN)中的节点，又可以称为基站，还可以称为RAN节点(或设备)。目前，一些网络设备101的举例为：下一代基站(next generation nodeB，gNB)、下一代演进的基站(next generation evolved nodeB，Ng-eNB)、传输接收点(transmission reception point，TRP)、演进型节点B(evolved Node B，eNB)、无线网络控制器(radio network controller，RNC)、节点B(Node B，NB)、基站控制器(base station controller，BSC)、基站收发台(base transceiver station,BTS)、家庭基站(例如，home evolved NodeB，或home Node B，HNB)、基带单元(base band unit，BBU)，或无线保真(wireless fidelity，Wifi)接入点(access point，AP)，网络设备101还可以是卫星，卫星还可以称为高空平台、高空飞行器、或卫星基站。网络设备101还可以是其他具有网络设备功能的设备，例如，网络设备101还可以是设备到设备(device to device，D2D)通信、车联网或机器到机器(machine to machine，M2M)通信中担任网络设备功能的设备。网络设备101还可以是未来通信系统中任何可能的网络设备。
在一些部署中，网络设备可以包括集中式单元(centralized unit，CU)和(distributed unit，DU)。网络设备还可以包括有源天线单元(active antenna unit，AAU)。CU实现网络设备的部分功能，DU实现网络设备的部分功能，比如，CU负责处理非实时协议和服务，实现无线资源控制(radio resource control，RRC)，分组数据汇聚层协议(packet data convergence protocol，PDCP)层的功能。DU负责处理物理层协议和实时服务，实现无线链路控制(radio link control，RLC)层、媒体接入控制(media access control，MAC)层和物理(physical，PHY)层的功能。AAU实现部分物理层处理功能、射频处理及有源天线的相关功能。由于RRC层的信息最终会变成PHY层的信息，或者，由PHY层的信息转变而来，因而，在这种架构下，高层信令，如RRC层信令，也可以认为是由DU发送的，或者，由DU+AAU发送的。可以理解的是，网络设备可以为包括CU节点、DU节点、AAU节点中一项或多项的设备。此外，可以将CU划分为接入网(radio access network，RAN)中的网络设备，也可以将CU划分为核心网(core network，CN)中的网络设备，本申请对此不做限定。
终端设备102，又称之为用户设备(user equipment，UE)、移动台(mobile station，MS)、移动终端(mobile terminal，MT)等，是一种向用户提供语音和/或数据连通性的设备。例如，终端设备102包括具有无线连接功能的手持式设备、车载设备等。目前，终端设备102可以是：手机(mobile phone)、平板电脑、笔记本电脑、掌上电脑、移动互联网设备(mobile internet device，MID)、可穿戴设备(例如智能手表、智能手环、计步器等)，车载设备(例如，汽车、自行车、电动车、飞机、船舶、火车、高铁等)、虚拟现实(virtual reality，VR)设备、增强现实(augmented reality，AR)设备、工业控制(industrial control)中的无线终端、智能家居设备(例如，冰箱、电视、空调、电表等)、智能机器人、车间设备、无人驾驶(self driving)中的无线终端、远程手术(remote medical surgery)中的无线终端、智能电网(smart grid)中的无线终端、运输安全(transportation safety)中的无线 终端、智慧城市(smart city)中的无线终端，或智慧家庭(smart home)中的无线终端、飞行设备(例如，智能机器人、热气球、无人机、飞机)等。终端设备102还可以是其他具有终端设备功能的设备，例如，终端设备102还可以是设备到设备(device to device，D2D)通信、车联网或M2M通信中担任终端设备功能的设备。特别地，在网络设备间进行通信的时候，担任终端设备功能的网络设备也可以看作是终端设备。
通信系统100中还可以包括网络管理设备103。网络管理设备103可以提供网络的运维管理功能。例如网络管理设备103可以是操作维护管理模块(operations administration and maintenance，OAM)。OAM可以提供管理数据分析服务(management data analytics service，MDAS)的功能的服务，或者说网络管理设备103也可以是MDAS功能模块或MDAS功能实体，MDAS可以进行模型训练和管理数据分析。MDAS可以基于人工智能/机器学习(artificial intelligence/machine learning，AI/ML)技术实现。基于ML技术的MDAS处理流程如图1b所示，主要包括ML模型训练(ML model training)和管理数据分析(management data analysis，MDA)两部分。图1b中实线矩形框表示功能模块，椭圆内表示数据。分析输入即输入到模型进行分析中的数据。数据分类为MDAS生产者的内部功能，用于将分析输入所输入的数据进行分类，具体可以分为训练数据和分析数据，训练数据用于ML模型训练功能使用，分析数据用于管理数据分析功能使用。ML模型训练利用训练数据/验证数据进行模型训练，提供模型训练报告。管理数据分析使用训练好的模型分析管理数据，生成管理数据分析报告。ML模型训练和管理数据分析均属于MDAS生产者(producer)的内部功能，即MDAS生产者可以进行训练得到ML模型并输出训练报告，并利用训练好的ML模型对数据进行分析，向MDAS消费者(consumer)提供分析报告。MDAS可以被各类MDAS消费者调用，MDAS消费者例如可以是管理功能(management function，MF)、网络功能(network function，NF)、或自组织网络(self-organizing network，SON)功能等。
可以理解的是，图1a所示的通信系统中以一个终端设备、一个网络设备和一个OAM进行举例，实际应用中，通信系统中还可以包括更多数量的各个设备，本申请实施例不作限定。
本申请实施例中涉及到终端设备的业务体验质量，为了更好的理解本申请实施例提供的方案，首先对业务体验质量进行说明。
业务体验质量也可以简述为体验质量(quality of experience，QoE)。运营商可以为用户设备提供各式各样的业务，每个用户设备对运营商的服务质量的评价是根据其自身的具体主观感受形成的。QoE可以是指用户设备对设备、网络、系统、应用或业务等多方面考量的主观感受，可以包括对上述多方面考量的质量和性能的综合主观感受。可以用QoE来评价服务质量和网络性能，运营商也可以通过QoE评分来评估业务质量从而优化网络。
可以看出，QoE定义在用户层面，可以理解为用户设备实际感受到的网络和业务的服务质量(quality of service，QoS)为QoE。其中，服务质量(Quality of Service，QoS)是通信系统或信道的常用性能指标之一，不同的系统及业务中其定义不尽相同，可以包括抖动、时延、丢包率、误码率、或信噪比。QoS可以用来衡量一个传输系统的传输质量和服务有效性，评估服务商满足客户需求的能力。QoS对于网络是可感知的，网络根据QoS需求为用户提供满足其需求的服务。而QoE对于网络是不可感知的，QoE由用户的主观感受决定，代表了用户终端的实际业务的体验质量。
本申请实施例中涉及到终端设备的切换，为了更好的理解本申请实施例提供的方案，以下对切换的概念进行说明。
连接移动性管理(connection mobility control，CMC)是移动网络下的一项基本功能，通常简称为切换。为了保障移动过程中的终端设备能够持续地接受网络服务，对于在小区间移动的终端设备，由源接入网设备对终端设备的空口状态保持监控，判断终端设备是否需要变更服务小区。在确定需要变更服务小区时，执行切换的流程，终端设备切换到目标接入网设备后，由目标接入网设备继续为终端设备提供网络服务。
通过上述描述可知，终端设备由源接入网设备服务，发生切换后，终端设备由目标接入网设备提供服务。
切换的技术有多种，如图2所示，以下给出一种常规切换方法的流程。
S201.源接入网设备向终端设备发送RRC连接重配置消息。
该RRC连接重配置消息包含测量配置信息，测量配置信息用于对终端设备的测量进行配置，测量配置信息包括要测量的目标频点、小区以及测量事件。
S202.终端设备根据测量配置信息进行测量，并上报测量结果。
测量结果包括通信链路的信道质量，具体可以包含本小区及邻区的信号质量信息。信号质量信息可以通过以下任意一项或多项参数表征：信号的接收功率、信号的信噪比(signal-to-noise and interference ratio，SINR)、信号的接收质量(received quality，RQ)或信号的接收信号强度(received signal strength indicator，RSSI)。若信号称为参考信号，则通信链路的信道质量可以通过以下任意一项或多项参数表征：参考信号的接收功率(reference signal received power，RSRP)、参考信号的信噪比(reference signal signal-to-noise and interference ratio，RS-SINR)、参考信号的接收质量(reference signal received quality，RSRQ)或参考信号的接收信号强度(reference signal received signal strength indicator，RS-RSSI)。
S203.源接入网设备根据终端设备上报的测量结果进行评估，按照信号质量确定候选目标接入网设备列表。
S204.源接入网设备选择信号质量最好的接入网设备作为目标接入网设备，并向该目标接入网设备发送切换请求，切换请求中包含要切换的终端设备标识。
S205.目标接入网设备收到切换请求后进行准入控制。
S206.目标接入网设备判断可以允许用户接入，向源接入网设备返回切换请求响应。
S207.切换执行流程，源接入网设备通知终端设备进行切换，终端设备完成到目标接入网设备的随机接入。
图2实施例提供的切换技术中，根据终端设备测量的各个接入网设备的信号质量，选择信号质量最好的接入网设备作为目标接入网设备，终端设备在切换到目标接入网设备之后，并不一定能够获得最好的体验质量。除图2实施例提供的切换技术，多种切换技术也都是基于信号质量来选择目标接入网设备，因此，终端设备切换后获得的体验质量并一定理想。
基于此，本申请实施例提供一种切换方法，以期提高终端设备切换后获得的体验质量。
如图3所述，本申请实施例提供的切换方法的流程如下所述。该方法的执行主体包括第一网元。第一网元可以为网络管理设备，也可能为第一接入网设备。本申请实施例中，网络管理设备可以是图1a所示的通信系统中的OAM103或MDAS，接入网设备为网络设备101，终端设备可以是终端设备102。
S301.第一网元获取体验质量信息，体验质量信息用于指示预测的终端设备接入第二接入网设备后的体验质量。
体验质量信息包括预测的体验质量，或者体验质量信息指示预测的体验质量，该体验质量为终端设备接入第二接入网设备后的体验质量。体验质量信息根据第一数据和训练模型确定，第一数据包括第二接入网设备剩余的无线资源，第一数据还可以包括第二接入网设备剩余的虚拟资源。其中，还可以理解为第一数据包括资源信息，资源信息包括第二接入网设备剩余的无线资源，资源信息还可以包括第二接入网设备剩余的虚拟资源。
可选的，第一网元可通过如下方式获取体验质量信息：第一网元获取分析报告，分析报告包括预测的终端设备接入第二接入网设备之后的体验质量。其中，第二接入网设备的数量可以有一个或多个。
例如，第一接入网设备为终端设备的源接入网设备，第二接入网设备为相邻的接入网设备。
S302.第一网元根据体验质量信息从第二接入网设备中确定目标接入网设备。
可以理解的是，目标接入网设备为一个或多个第二接入网设备中的接入网设备。目标接入网设备为终端设备需要切换的接入网设备，换句话说，目标接入网设备用于终端设备从第一接入网设备至目标接入网设备的切换。
可以看出，第一网元能够考虑到终端设备切换到第二接入网设备后的体验质量，根据体验质量信息来确定终端设备切换的目标接入网设备，能够提高终端设备切换后获得的体验质量。
以下对图3实施例的可选实现方式进行说明。
第一数据除包括资源信息之外，还可以包括以下一项或多项信息：小区流量、终端设备的优先级指示信息、或终端设备的测量结果。
其中，小区流量用于指示第二接入网设备的小区在一段时间内传输的数据量。
终端设备的优先级指示信息用于指示终端设备接受服务的优先顺序。例如，如果终端设备A的优先级大于终端设备B的优先级，则第二接入网设备会优先为终端设备A分配服务资源。
终端设备的测量结果包括终端设备测量的该终端设备与第二接入网设备之间的通信链路的信道质量。终端设备测量的第二接入网设备的通信链路的信道质量可以包括以下一项或多项：信号的接收功率、SINR、RQ、RSSI、RSRP、RS-SINR、RSRQ或RS-RSSI。
生成分析报告的设备或者确定体验质量信息的设备可能是网络管理设备，也可能是第一接入网设备，以下分别对这两种情况进行说明。
第一网元可以是网络管理设备，第一网元也可以是第一接入网设备。
如果第一网元是网络管理设备，则：
S301中，网络管理设备获取体验质量信息。S302中，网络管理设备根据体验质量信息确定终端设备切换的目标接入网设备。可选的，还可以包括S303。
S303.网络管理设备向第一接入网设备发送目标接入网设备的信息。对应地，第一接入网设备接收来自目标接入网设备的信息。
如果第一网元是第一接入网设备，则：
S301中，第一接入网设备获取体验质量信息。第一接入网设备可以接收来自网络管理设备的体验质量信息。S302中，第一接入网设备根据体验质量信息确定终端设备切换的目 标接入网设备。
基于图3实施例，下面对切换方法的可能实现方式做进一步说明。
体验质量信息由网络管理设备生成，第一网元为网络管理设备时，网络管理设备生成体验质量信息即网络管理设备获取体验质量信息。当第一网元为第一接入网设备时，网络管理设备生成体验质量信息后，还可以向第一接入网设备发送该体验质量信息，第一接入网设备接收来自网络管理设备的体验质量信息。第一接入网设备获取体验质量信息具体地通过接收来自网络管理设备的体验质量信息实现。
体验质量信息指示：预测的终端设备接入第二接入网设备后的体验质量。第一接入网设备为终端设备的源接入网设备，第二接入网设备为第一接入网设备相邻的接入网设备。
在网络管理设备生成体验质量信息之前，可选的，第一接入网设备向网络管理设备发送分析请求，网络管理设备接收来自第一接入网设备的分析请求。
分析请求用于请求分析服务，该分析服务为用于切换的分析服务，分析服务用于终端设备在接入网设备间的切换。网络管理设备根据分析请求获知第一接入网设备需要请求分析服务，并基于此确定体验质量信息。
分析请求可以是分析服务的标识，第一接入网设备向网络管理设备发送分析服务的标识，网络管理设备接收来自第一接入网设备的分析服务的标识，网络管理设备根据分析服务的标识获知第一接入网设备需要请求分析服务，并基于此确定体验质量信息。
分析请求也可以是一条信令，例如，分析请求为第一信息，第一信息包括分析服务的标识，第一接入网设备向网络管理设备发送第一信息，网络管理设备接收来自第一接入网设备的第一信息，网络管理设备根据第一信息获知第一接入网设备需要请求分析服务，并基于此确定体验质量信息。
第一接入网设备还可以向网络管理设备发送终端设备的标识，或者第一信息中还包括终端设备的标识。网络管理设备根据终端设备的标识确定针对该终端设备进行分析。
第一接入网设备还可以向网络管理设备发送上述一个或多个第二接入网设备的标识。或者，第一信息还可以包括上述第二接入网设备的标识。网络管理设备根据该第二接入网设备的标识确定需要对该第二接入网设备进行分析。可选的，网络管理设备对第一接入网设备的相邻的接入网设备的小区进行测量，这样就不需要第一接入网设备向网络管理设备发送第二接入网设备的标识，网络管理设备就知道需要分析哪些第二接入网设备对应的体验质量信息。另一种方式中，网络管理设备业务可以根据终端设备的测量结果或测量报告，确定测量结果或测量报告中的第二接入网设备，网络管理设备确定测量结果或测量报告中的第二接入网设备对应的体验质量信息。
第一接入网设备还可以向网络管理设备发送终端设备对第二接入网设备的信号质量测量结果，第一信息还可以包括终端设备对第二接入网设备的信号质量测量结果。
第一接入网设备还可以向网络管理设备发送终端设备的优先级信息，或者说第一信息还可以包括终端设备的优先级信息。终端设备在接收第一接入网设备的服务时，可能具有优先级信息，第一接入网设备根据该终端设备的优先级信息，为该终端设备提供与该优先级信息相匹配的服务质量。例如该终端设备的优先级较高，则第一接入网设备为该终端设备提供高优先级对应的服务质量。第一接入网设备还可以向网络管理设备发送终端设备的优先级信息，或者说第一信息中包括该终端设备的优先级信息，可以使得网络管理设备在生成分析报告时，能够考量到该终端设备的优先级信息，使得终端设备在切换至第二接入 网设备后也能够获得与优先级信息匹配的服务质量。
第一接入网设备还可以向网络管理设备发送执行分析服务的目标时间段，或者说第一信息还可以包括执行分析服务的目标时间段。
第一接入网设备还可以向网络管理设备发送分析报告的上报方式或体验质量信息的上报方式，或者说第一信息还可以包括分析报告的上报方式或体验质量信息的上报方式。
第一信息的类型可以有多种形式。例如，第一接入网设备向网络管理设备发送请求消息，该请求消息用于请求分析服务；网络管理设备基于请求消息向第一接入网设备发送接口消息，分析报告/体验质量信息作为接口消息中参数进行传递。或者，第一接入网设备向网络管理设备发送请求订阅分析服务的消息，这种情况下，第一接入网设备还可以向网络管理设备发送第二信息，第二信息用于请求取消订阅分析服务。或者，可以定义分析报告的信息/体验质量信息对象类(information object class，IOC)，可以对分析报告/体验质量信息的对象进行增删改查等配置操作，从而实现分析报告/体验质量信息的请求和发送。具体地，第一接入网设备向网络管理设备发送请求创建分析报告/体验质量信息对象(createMOI)的消息，该创建分析报告对象/体验质量信息对象的消息用来请求分析报告，网络管理设备向第一接入网设备发送修改分析报告对象/体验质量信息对象的消息(modifyMOIAttributes)，该修改分析报告对象/体验质量信息对象的消息用来发送分析报告的内容。这种情况下，第一接入网设备还可以向网络管理设备发送第二信息，第二信息用于请求删除分析报告对象/体验质量信息对象。
网络管理设备可以根据分析请求确定体验质量信息。
网络管理设备根据体验质量信息确定终端切换的目标接入网设备，并向第一接入网设备发送该终端切换的目标接入网设备的信息。第一接入网设备接收来自网络管理设备的目标接入网设备的信息。
网络管理设备根据分析报告确定终端切换的目标接入网设备，并在分析报告中携带该终端切换的目标接入网设备的信息。第一接入网设备接收来自网络管理设备的分析报告，分析报告包括终端设备切换的目标接入网设备的信息，第一接入网设备从分析报告中获取终端设备切换的目标接入网设备的信息。
以下对网络管理设备生成体验质量信息的可能实现方式进行说明。
网络管理设备基于分析请求，预估终端设备在接入第二接入网设备后获得的体验质量。例如，网络设备可以分别预估终端设备在接入到该一个或多个第二接入网设备后获得的体验质量。
可选的，网络管理设备可以预先训练并存储用于数据分析的模型，例如，用于数据分析的可以是ML模型。网络管理设备也可以从外部模型市场获取该用于数据分析的模型。
网络管理设备可以根据模型对输入数据进行分析，获得体验质量信息或获得分析报告。网络管理设备在接收到分析请求后，根据分析请求收集数据，所收集的数据可以认为是模型输入的第一数据，网络管理设备根据收集的数据确定体验质量信息或分析报告。该收集的数据以下称为第一数据，第一数据可以包括第一接入网设备的相邻设备的实时数据。例如，该第一数据可以包括第一接入网设备的相邻设备的小区流量，例如该一个或多个第二接入网设备的小区流量。第一数据包括资源信息，该第一数据可以包括第一接入网设备的相邻设备的资源分配情况和/或资源使用情况。其中，这里所述的资源可以包括上行资源、和/或下行资源等无线资源，无线资源可以是指物理资源块(physical resource block，PRB)。 资源还可以是虚拟资源，例如中央控制单元(central processing unit，CPU)、存储器(memory)、或光盘(disk)等虚拟资源。第一数据中包括的资源信息中，可以包括第二接入网设备剩余的无线资源，还可以包括第二接入网设备剩余的虚拟资源。剩余的无线资源也可以称为可用的无线资源。剩余的虚拟资源也可以称为可用的虚拟资源。资源信息可以是资源的绝对值，例如50M；也可以是资源使用率，例如30％。
第一数据还可以包括终端设备的优先级指示信息。第一数据还可以包括终端设备的测量结果，即终端设备测量的该终端设备与第二接入网设备之间的通信链路的信道质量。
网络管理设备将收集的数据(即第一数据)作为输入数据，输入到模型中进行分析，获得分析报告或者体验质量信息。
网络管理设备还可以向第一接入网设备发送分析服务的标识，或者说网络管理设备向第一接入网设备发送的分析报告还可以包括分析服务的标识。第一接入网设备根据该分析服务的标识能够确定该分析报告是针对该分析服务的报告。
网络管理设备还可以向第一接入网设备发送第二接入网设备的标识，或者说网络管理设备向第一接入网设备发送的分析报告还可以包括第二接入网设备的标识。其中，第二接入网设备的标识可以与预估的终端设备接入第二接入网设备后获得的体验质量具有对应关系。例如当有多个第二接入网设备时，多个第二接入网设备的标识与多个体验质量具有对应关系，该对应关系可以通过公式或表格或任意形式体现，例如可以如表1所示。
表1
第二接入网设备 体验质量
gNB1 QoE1
gNB2 QoE2
gNB3 QoE3
如表1所示，以三个第二接入网设备为例，分析报告中包括三个第二接入网设备分别为gNB1、gNB2和gNB3，分析报告中包括预估的终端设备在切换到三个第二接入网设备后获得的体验质量，分别为QoE1、QoE2和QoE3。即，预估的终端设备从第一接入网设备切换到gNB1之后的体验质量为QoE1；预估的终端设备从第一接入网设备切换到gNB2之后的体验质量为QoE2；预估的终端设备从第一接入网设备切换到gNB3之后的体验质量为QoE3。
网络管理设备还可以向第一接入网设备发送该分析报告的生成时间/体验质量信息的生成时间、分析报告的有效时间/体验质量信息的有效时间、或分析报告的置信度/体验质量信息的置信度中的至少一种信息，或者说网络管理设备向第一接入网设备发送的分析报告还可以包括该分析报告的生成时间/体验质量信息的生成时间、分析报告的有效时间/体验质量信息的有效时间、或分析报告的置信度/体验质量信息的置信度中的至少一种信息。体验质量信息的置信度用于指示预测的体验质量的准确度，体验质量信息的置信度可以是准确度水平的指示信息，准确度水平例如高、中、低。体验质量信息的置信度也可以是预测的体验质量的准确率的具体取值，如：80％。置信度越高或者置信度取值越大，表示预测信息的准确度越高。分析报告的生成时间/体验质量信息的生成时间，为具体的时间点，是指生成分析报告/体验质量信息的时刻，为绝对时间。分析报告的有效时间/体验质量信息的有效时间，是时间点或时间段，指示分析报告/体验质量信息有效的时间，可以是绝 对时间，如2021年4月1日10点～14点；也可以是相对时间，如分析报告/体验质量信息的生成时间之后的4小时内有效。网络管理设备根据模型生成分析报告/体验质量信息，将获取的历史数据输入至模型中，对历史数据进行分析，预测未来的数据，例如预估终端设备接入第二接入网设备后的体验质量。通过分析报告的生成时间/体验质量信息的生成时间、分析报告的有效时间/体验质量信息的有效时间，能够指示预测的是哪个时间窗口或哪个时间段的数据。
当第一网元为网络管理设备时，由网络管理设备确定终端设备切换的目标接入网设备。网络管理设备可以向第一接入网设备发送目标接入网设备的信息，例如发送目标接入网设备的标识，第一接入网设备接收来自网络管理设备的目标接入网设备的信息，从而获知目标接入网设备。网络管理设备可以根据模型和收集的数据(即第一数据)，确定目标接入网设备。当第一网元为第一接入网设备时，由第一接入网设备确定终端设备切换的目标接入网设备。这种情况下，网络管理设备没有向第一接入网设备发送终端设备切换的目标接入网设备。
第一接入网设备根据分析报告/体验质量信息确定终端设备切换的目标接入网设备，分析报告中包括一个或多个第二接入网设备，目标接入网设备为分析报告中包括的一个或多个第二接入网设备中的接入网设备。或者，第一接入网设备根据体验质量信息确定终端设备切换的目标接入网设备，体验质量信息中包括一个或多个第二接入网设备。
第一接入网设备根据分析报告/体验质量信息确定终端设备切换的目标接入网设备，可以通过以下可选的方式A、B或C实现。
一种可能的实现方式A中，第一接入网设备根据接收的体验质量信息，确定终端设备切换的目标接入网设备。例如，第一接入网设备可以判断预测的终端设备从第一接入网设备切换至一个或多个第二接入网设备之后的体验质量是否高于设定的阈值，将高于设定的阈值的体验质量对应的第二接入网设备确定为目标接入网设备。如果有多个体验质量高于设定的阈值，多个高于阈值的体验质量对应多个第二接入网设备，则可以根据设定的规则选择多个第二接入网设备中的一个为目标接入网设备。例如，可以选择信号质量最好的一个第二接入网设备为目标接入网设备；又例如，也可以选择体验质量最好的一个第二接入网设备为目标接入网设备。
在另一种可能的实现方式B中，第一接入网设备可以根据接收的体验质量信息和终端设备上报的测量结果，确定终端设备切换的目标接入网设备。具体地，第一接入网设备向终端设备发送测量配置信息，测量配置信息用于对终端设备的测量进行配置。第一接入网设备接收来自终端设备的测量结果，测量结果包括第一接入网设备的小区的信号质量和第一接入网设备的相邻接入网设备的小区的信号质量。第一接入网设备根据测量结果和体验质量信息确定目标接入网设备。例如，第一接入网设备可以根据测量结果确定候选接入网设备，这里的候选接入网设备包括上述一个或多个第二接入网设备。第一接入网设备根据体验质量信息，从候选接入网设备中确定终端设备切换的目标接入网设备。其中，第一接入网设备可以根据设定规则从候选接入网设备中确定终端设备切换的目标接入网设备。例如，可以选择高于设定的阈值的体验质量对应的第二接入网设备确定为目标接入网设备；又例如，可以选择信号质量最好的一个第二接入网设备为目标接入网设备；再例如，也可以选择体验质量最好的一个第二接入网设备为目标接入网设备。
在又一种可能的实现方式C中，第一接入网设备可以根据体验质量信息和终端设备上 报的测量结果，确定终端设备切换的目标接入网设备。具体地，第一接入网设备根据体验质量信息，获取预测的终端设备从第一接入网设备切换至候选接入网设备之后的体验质量，这里的候选接入网设备包括上述一个或多个第二接入网设备。第一接入网设备向终端设备发送测量配置信息，测量配置信息用于对终端设备的测量进行配置。第一接入网设备接收来自终端设备的测量结果，测量结果包括第一接入网设备的小区的信号质量和第一接入网设备的相邻接入网设备的小区的信号质量。第一接入网设备根据测量结果，从候选接入网设备中确定终端设备切换的目标接入网设备。其中，第一接入网设备可以根据设定规则从候选接入网设备中确定终端设备切换的目标接入网设备。例如，可以选择高于设定的阈值的体验质量对应的第二接入网设备确定为目标接入网设备；又例如，可以选择信号质量最好的一个第二接入网设备为目标接入网设备；再例如，也可以选择体验质量最好的一个第二接入网设备为目标接入网设备。
第一接入网设备获取终端设备上报的测量结果，获取方法可以采用任意方式，例如第一接入网设备可以根据图2实施例中的方法获取测量结果。
第一接入网设备向网络管理设备请求分析服务之前，还可以先确定网络管理设备可提供的分析服务的类型。或者说，网络管理设备在生成分析报告之前，可以先向第一接入网设备发送可提供的分析服务的类型。例如，网络管理设备向第一接入网设备发送分析服务的标识，对应地，第一接入网设备接收来自网络管理设备的该分析服务的标识。
该分析服务的标识用于指示网络管理设备可提供的分析服务类型，例如，该分析服务的标识用于指示网络管理设备可提供用于终端设备在接入网设备间的切换的分析服务。
其中，网络管理设备可以向管辖范围内的一个或多个接入网设备发送分析配置消息，该分析配置消息用于指示可以提供的分析服务的类型。该分析配置消息包括一个或多个分析服务的标识，每个分析服务的标识用于指示一个分析服务的类型，例如，用于终端设备在接入网设备间的切换的分析服务的标识可以为切换优化标识(handover optimization ID)。
第一接入网设备在确定终端设备切换的目标接入网设备之后，可选的，第一接入网设备发起切换流程，切换流程可以通过任意方式实现。终端设备在切换到目标接入网设备之后，由目标接入网设备提供服务，终端设备能够获得较好的体验质量。
基于图3实施例，下面结合具体的应用场景一，对本申请实施例提供的切换方法进一步详细介绍。如图4所示，例如网络管理设备为OAM，第一接入网设备为源接入网设备，切换方法的具体流程如下所述。
S401.OAM向管辖范围内的一个或多个接入网设备发送分析服务的类型。
例如，OAM可以通过分析配置消息发送分析服务的类型，该分析配置消息中包括分析服务的类型，该分析服务的类型用于指示可以提供的分析服务的类型。
该分析配置消息还可以包括一个或多个分析服务的标识，每个分析服务的标识用于指示一个分析服务的类型，例如，用于终端设备在接入网设备间的切换的分析服务的标识可以为切换优化标识。
该步骤为可选步骤。为方便示意，图4中示例性地示意了OAM向源接入网设备发送分析服务的类型，可以理解的是，OAM还可以向管辖范围内的其它接入网设备发送分析服务的类型。
S402.源接入网设备向终端设备发送测量配置信息，对应地，终端设备接收来自源接入网设备的测量配置信息。测量配置信息用于对终端设备的测量进行配置，测量配置信息例 如可以是需要测量的目标频点、需要测量的小区以及测量事件等。
测量配置信息可以携带于RRC连接重配置消息中，源接入网设备向终端设备发送RRC连接重配置消息，对应地，终端设备接收来自源接入网设备的RRC连接重配置消息。RRC连接重配置消息包含测量配置信息。
S403.终端设备向源接入网设备上报测量结果。
例如，终端设备根据S402的测量配置进行测量，获得测量结果。测量结果中包含源接入网设备的小区及相邻接入网设备的小区的信号质量信息，信号质量例如可以是RSRP、RSRQ或SINR。
S404.源接入网设备根据终端设备上报的测量结果进行评估，基于信号质量确定候选目标接入网设备列表。
通过S402～S404，源接入网设备获取终端设备上报的测量结果，该过程为可选过程，可以通过任意可能的方式实现，测量方式和上报方式本申请实施例不作限定。
S405.源接入网设备向OAM发送第一信息，OAM接收来自源接入网设备的第一信息。
第一信息可以参考上文中第一信息的描述。第一信息可以用于订阅切换优化的分析服务，第一信息中可以包含分析服务的标识(analytics service ID)，例如该分析服务的标识为切换优化的分析服务的标识(handover optimization ID)。第一信息还包括需要切换的终端设备的标识，还可以包括S403获得的测量结果。第一信息还可以包括终端设备的优先级信息。第一信息还可以包括需要分析的第二接入网设备的标识，可能是一个第二接入网设备的标识列表，例如是S404确定的候选目标接入网设备列表。第一信息还可以包括请求分析的目标时间段。第一信息还可以包括分析报告上报方式。
S406.OAM根据源接入网设备的第一信息收集实时数据。
所收集的数据类型即输入模型的第一数据，第一数据包括第二接入网设备的资源分配及使用情况，还可以包括小区流量。其中，资源可包括DL/UL PRB等无线资源，以及CPU/memory/disk等虚拟资源。例如，第一数据包括第二接入网设备剩余的无线资源和/或剩余的虚拟资源。
OAM收集需要进行分析的第二接入网设备的数据，可以根据第一信息中包括的需要分析的第二接入网设备的标识，去收集这些标识指示的第二接入网设备的数据。例如，第一信息指示S404确定的候选目标接入网设备列表，OAM收集候选目标接入网设备列表中的各个第二接入网设备的数据。
S407.OAM基于收集的实时数据和训练好的模型进行管理数据分析。
OAM中预先存储有可用的训练好的模型，示例性的，模型可以由OAM的训练功能训练得到，也可以从外部模型市场获取。
OAM根据管理数据分析生成分析报告/体验质量信息。
S406～S407为OAM生成分析报告/体验质量信息的过程，可以对应与S301中网络管理设备获取分析报告/体验质量信息的过程。
S408.OAM向源接入网设备发送分析报告/体验质量信息，对应地，源接入网设备接收来自OAM的分析报告/体验质量信息。
分析报告/体验质量信息的内容可以参考上文中分析报告/体验质量信息的内容。例如，分析报告/体验质量信息包括预测的终端设备接入第二接入网设备的QoE。分析报告/体验质量信息还包括：分析服务的标识，分析的第二接入网设备的标识，分析报告/体验质量信 息生成的时间戳，分析报告/体验质量信息有效时间，置信度以及具体的分析结果。
本步骤可以对应S301中第一接入网设备获取分析报告的过程。
S409.源接入网设备基于S404确定的候选接入网设备列表以及OAM返回的预测结果选择目标接入网设备。
本步骤可以对应于S302中第一接入网设备根据分析报告/体验质量信息确定终端设备切换的目标接入网设备的过程。
S410.切换执行流程，同标准切换流程。例如该流程中包括源接入网设备向目标接入网设备发起切换请求。
S411.源接入网设备向OAM请求取消订阅切换优化的分析服务。
本步骤请求取消订阅切换优化的分析服务可以对应于上述第一接入网设备向网络管理设备发送第二信息的步骤。
S411为可选步骤。
基于图3实施例，下面结合具体的应用场景二，对本申请实施例提供的切换方法进一步详细介绍。如图5所示，假设网络管理设备为OAM，第一接入网设备为源接入网设备，切换方法的具体流程如下所述。
S501～S506：与S401～S406相同，可以参考图4实施例，在此不再赘述。
S507.OAM基于收集的实时数据和训练好的模型进行管理数据分析，获得分析报告/体验质量信息。
本步骤可以对应于S301中网络管理设备获取分析报告/体验质量信息的过程，需要说明的是，本步骤中，OAM根据收集的实时数据和训练好的模型进行管理数据分析，还可以在管理数据分析时确定目标接入网设备。OAM生成的分析报告/体验质量信息中还包括目标接入网设备的信息，例如包括目标接入网设备的标识。
S508.OAM向源接入网设备发送分析报告/体验质量信息，源接入网设备接收来自OAM的分析报告/体验质量信息，分析报告/体验质量信息中还包括目标接入网设备的信息。或者，OAM向源接入网设备发送目标接入网设备的信息，对应地，源接入网设备接收来自OAM的目标接入网设备的信息。
S509～S510：与S410～S411相同。
基于上述图3～图5实施例，由网络管理设备执行分析，预测终端设备从第一接入网设备切换至一个或多个第二接入网设备之后的体验质量。在一种应用场景三中，网络管理设备根据分析确定该一个或多个第二接入网设备的资源不足，这种情况下，本申请实施例提供一种解决方法，具体如图6所示。
S601.网络管理设备向第一接入网设备发送指示信息，指示信息用于指示第二接入网设备的资源不足。对应地，第一接入网设备接收来自网络管理设备的指示信息。
该指示信息可以通过第一通知消息来携带，例如第一通知消息可以是资源不足通知消息。当与图3～图5实施例结合时，该指示信息也可以与体验质量信息携带于同一条消息中。
S602.第一接入网设备向网络管理设备发送资源调整请求，资源调整请求用于请求调整第二接入网设备的无线资源和/或虚拟资源。对应地，网络管理设备接收来自第一接入网设备的资源调整请求。
资源调整请求中可以包括以下一项或多项信息：第二接入网设备的标识、终端设备的标识、或期望达到的体验质量阈值。
可选的，S602后还包括S603。
S603.网络管理设备根据资源调整请求，调整第二接入网设备的资源。
网络管理设备可以调整该一个或多个第二接入网设备中部分第二接入网设备的资源，也可以调整该一个或多个第二接入网设备中全部第二接入网设备的资源。网络管理设备可以按照资源调整请求中期望达到的体验质量阈值来调整第二接入网设备的资源，使得调整后的资源能够满足终端设备切换后的体验质量阈值。调整第二接入网设备的资源例如可以是激活第二接入网设备的空闲小区、激活空闲的物理资源、或者扩容。其中，扩容可以适用于支持虚拟化的场景。
网络管理设备可以向需要调整资源的第二接入网设备发送资源配置修改请求，资源配置修改请求中包括调整后的资源配置。第二接入网设备在接收到资源配置修改请求后，可以根据资源配置修改请求进行资源调整。
在调整第二接入网设备的资源之后，网络管理设备继续生成分析报告，向第一接入网设备发送分析报告，第一接入网设备根据分析报告确定目标接入网设备，或者，网络设备确定目标接入网设备。在调整第二接入网设备的资源之后的实施步骤可以参考图3实施例的描述。
可选的，S603后还包括S604。
S604.网络管理设备向第一接入网设备发送第二通知消息，第二通知消息用于通知第一接入网设备资源调整已完成。对应地，第一接入网设备接收来自网络管理设备的该第二通知消息。
本申请实施例中，还提供一种分析方法，以期降低网络管理设备的负荷，同时减少等待分析结果的时延。如图7所示，本申请实施例提供的分析方法的流程如下所述。
S701.网络管理设备向第一接入网设备发送分析模型和分析服务的标识，对应地，第一接入网设备接收来自网络管理设备的该分析模型和分析服务的标识。
网络管理设备可以预先向管辖范围内的接入网设备分别发送分析模型和分析服务的标识。第一接入网设备在有分析需求时，向网络管理设备发送分析模型请求消息，网络管理设备向第一接入网设备返回分析模型和分析服务的标识。可选的，如果分析模型和/或分析服务的标识相较于预先发送的有更新，则网络管理设备向第一接入网设备返回更新后的分析模型和/或分析服务的标识。如果分析模型和/或分析服务的标识相较于预先发送的没有更新，则第一接入网设备可以使用预先保存的分析模型和分析服务的标识。
可选的，该提供的分析服务类可以携带于第一消息中。例如，第一消息的类型可以有多种形式。例如，第一消息为接口消息，分析模型和分析服务的标识作为接口消息中参数进行传递。或者，第一接入网设备向网络管理设备发送分析模型的订阅请求消息，网络管理设备基于该分析模型的订阅请求消息，向第一接入网设备发送分析模型和分析服务的标识。这种情况下，第一接入网设备还可以向网络管理设备发送请求取消订阅分析模型的消息。第一接入网设备也可以向网络管理设备发送请求创建分析模型对象类，可以对分析模型对象类进行增删改查等操作，从而实现分析模型对象类的发送。具体地，第一接入网设备向网络管理设备发送请求创建分析模型对象类的消息，网络管理设备向第一接入网设备发送修改分析模型对象类的消息。该修改分析模型对象类的消息用来发送分析模型和分析服务的标识的内容。这种情况下，第一接入网设备还可以向网络管理设备发送用于请求删除分析模型对象类的消息。
S702.第一接入网设备接收来自一个或多个第二接入网设备的用于分析的数据。
可选的，在S702之前，还包括S703。
S703.第一接入网设备向该一个或多个第二接入网设备发送第一请求，该第一请求用于请求查询第二接入网设备的用于分析的数据。
第二接入网设备根据该第一请求，向第一接入网设备发送用于分析的数据。
S704.第一接入网设备基于获得的用于分析的数据和该分析模型，对该一个或多个第二接入网设备进行分析，获得该分析服务的分析结果。
通过网络管理设备将分析模型下发给第一接入网设备，由第一接入网设备来进行分析，能够减轻网络管理设备的负荷和等待分析结果的时延。
下面对图7实施例的一些可选的实现方式进行说明。
分析模型可以包括分析模型对应的模型标识。该模型标识能够唯一标识该分析模型。
该分析模型可以包括模型文件。
该分析模型可以包括模型文件地址。
该分析模型可以包括模型版本号。
图7实施例也可以应用于切换的场景中。当图7实施例应用于切换的场景中时，图7实施例的分析服务可以用于终端设备在接入网设备间的切换。例如，结合图3实施例，第一接入网设备为源接入网设备，终端设备欲从源接入网设备切换至目标接入网设备。
基于此，上述S703中，第一接入网设备向该一个或多个第二接入网设备发送第一消息，第一消息用于请求查询第二接入网设备的用于分析的数据。此处用于分析的数据可以是指图3实施例中网络管理设备根据第一信息收集的数据。例如，该收集的数据可以包括第一接入网设备的相邻设备的小区流量，例如该一个或多个第二接入网设备的小区流量，小区流量可以是小区分组数据汇聚协议(packet data convergence protocol，PDCP)字节数(cell PDCP bytes)。该收集的数据还可以包括第一接入网设备的相邻设备的资源信息，资源信息可以是资源分配情况和/或资源使用情况。第一接入网设备的相邻设备例如可以是图3实施例中的第二接入网设备。该收集的数据可以是第二接入网设备可用的资源信息、第二接入网设备已经使用的资源的信息、第二接入网设备剩余的无线资源、或第二接入网设备剩余的虚拟资源。其中，这里所述的无线资源可以包括上行资源、和/或下行资源，无线资源可以是指PRB。虚拟资源例如可以是CPU、memory、或disk等虚拟资源。根据用于分析的数据，第一接入网设备能够分析到终端设备切换到该第二接入网设备时获得的体验质量，从而能够根据体验质量进行切换。
S704中，第一接入网设备基于获得的用于分析的数据，将该用于分析的数据作为输入数据，输入到模型中进行分析，获得分析结果。该分析结果的获得可以参考图3实施例中的分析报告获得的方法。
第一接入网设备可以根据分析，确定终端设备在切换到该一个或多个第二接入网设备后获得的体验质量。
第一接入网设备还可以进一步确定终端设备切换的目标接入网设备。其中，第一接入网设备确定终端设备切换的目标接入网设备的过程，可以参考图3或图4实施例的细节描述。例如，第一接入网设备向终端设备发送测量配置信息，测量配置信息用于对终端设备的测量进行配置，终端设备根据测量配置信息对一个或多个第二接入网设备的小区的信号质量进行测量，获得测量结果。终端设备向第一接入网设备发送测量结果，第一接入网设 备接收来自终端设备的测量结果，第一接入网设备根据测量结果确定候选接入网设备列表。第一接入网设备根据分析结果以及测量结果，确定目标接入网设备。
第一接入网设备在确定目标接入网设备后，执行切换的过程，切换过程在此不再赘述。
第一接入网设备可以自行分析，并确定目标接入网设备，相比图3实施例通过网络管理设备分析的方法，能够节省信令的开销，减少切换过程中等待分析结果的时延，提高切换的效率。
基于与图7实施例同一技术构思，本申请实施例中，还提供另一种分析方法，以期降低网络管理设备的负荷和时延。如图8所示，本申请实施例提供的另一种分析方法的流程如下所述。
S801.网络管理设备向一个或多个第二接入网设备发送分析模型和分析服务的标识，例如，分析模型和分析服务的标识可以通过第一消息携带，对应地，该一个或多个第二接入网设备接收来自网络管理设备的该分析模型和分析服务的标识。
S802.第一接入网设备向一个或多个第二接入网设备发送第二请求，第二接入网设备接收来自第一接入网设备的第二请求。其中，第二请求用于请求分析服务，分析服务用于终端设备在接入网设备间的切换。
第二请求可以包括分析服务的标识和所述终端设备的标识。
第二请求还包括以下一项或多项的组合：终端设备与第二接入网设备之间的通信链路的信道质量的测量结果、终端设备的优先级信息、执行分析服务的目标时间段、或分析报告/体验质量信息的上报方式。
具体地，第一接入网设备分别向一个或多个第二接入网设备发送第二请求。第一接入网设备在向其中一个第二接入网设备发送的第二请求中，携带终端设备对这个第二接入网设备的信号质量测量结果。
网络管理设备可以预先向管辖范围内的接入网设备分别发送分析模型和分析服务的标识。第二接入网设备在接收到来自第一接入网设备的第二请求后，可以向网络管理设备发送分析模型请求消息，网络管理设备向第二接入网设备返回分析模型和分析服务的标识。可选的，如果分析模型和/或分析服务的标识相较于预先发送的有更新，则网络管理设备向第二接入网设备返回更新后的分析模型和/或分析服务的标识。如果分析模型和/或分析服务的标识相较于预先发送的没有更新，则第二接入网设备可以使用预先保存的分析模型和分析服务的标识。第一消息的类型可以有多种形式，可以参考上文图8实施例中对第一消息类型的描述。例如，第一消息为接口消息，分析模型和分析服务的标识作为接口消息中参数进行传递。或者，第二接入网设备向网络管理设备发送分析模型的订阅请求消息，网络管理设备基于该分析模型的订阅请求消息，向第二接入网设备发送分析模型和分析服务的标识。这种情况下，第二接入网设备还可以向网络管理设备发送请求取消订阅分析模型的消息。第二接入网设备也可以向网络管理设备发送请求创建分析模型对象类，可以对分析模型对象类进行增删改查等操作，从而实现分析模型对象类的发送。具体地，第二接入网设备向网络管理设备发送请求创建分析模型对象类的消息，网络管理设备向第二接入网设备发送修改分析模型对象类的消息。该修改分析模型对象类的消息用来发送分析模型和分析服务的标识的内容。这种情况下，第二接入网设备还可以向网络管理设备发送用于请求删除分析模型对象类的消息。
S803.第二接入网设备向第一接入网设备发送分析报告/体验质量信息，分析报告/体验 质量信息包括：预测的终端设备接入第二接入网设备后的体验质量。体验质量信息根据第一数据和训练模型确定，第一数据包括资源信息，资源信息包括第二接入网设备剩余的无线资源和/或剩余的虚拟资源。第一接入网设备获取分析报告/体验质量信息。具体的，第一接入网设备接收来自第二接入网设备的分析报告/体验质量信息。
可以理解的是，S803中所述的第二接入网设备可以是指上述一个或多个第二接入网设备中的任意一个第二接入网设备。例如，其中一个第二接入网设备向第一接入网设备发送分析报告中，携带预测的终端设备接入这个第二接入网设备之后的体验质量。
分析报告/体验质量信息还可以包括该分析报告/体验质量信息的生成时间、分析报告/体验质量信息的有效时间、或分析报告/体验质量信息的置信度中的至少一种信息。
S804.第一接入网设备根据分析报告/体验质量信息确定终端设备切换的目标接入网设备，目标接入网设备为一个或多个第二接入网设备中的接入网设备。
第一接入网设备接收来自该一个或多个第二接入网设备的分析报告/体验质量信息，第一接入网设备可以根据该一个或多个第二接入网设备的分析报告/体验质量信息，确定终端设备切换的目标接入网设备。
其中，第一接入网设备确定终端设备切换的目标接入网设备的过程，可以参考图3或图4实施例的细节描述。例如，第一接入网设备向终端设备发送测量配置信息，测量配置信息用于对终端设备的测量进行配置，终端设备根据测量配置信息对一个或多个第二接入网设备的小区的信号质量进行测量，获得测量结果。终端设备向第一接入网设备发送测量结果，第一接入网设备接收来自终端设备的测量结果，第一接入网设备根据测量结果确定候选接入网设备列表。第一接入网设备根据分析结果以及测量结果，确定目标接入网设备。
第一接入网设备在确定目标接入网设备后，执行切换的过程，切换过程在此不再赘述。
需要说明的是，本申请中的各个应用场景中的举例仅仅表现了一些可能的实现方式，是为了对本申请的方法更好的理解和说明。本领域技术人员可以根据申请提供的参考信号的指示方法，得到一些演变形式的举例。
上述本申请提供的实施例中，分别从网络管理设备、第一接入网设备、第二接入网设备、终端设备、以及各个设备之间交互的角度对本申请实施例提供的方法进行了介绍。为了实现上述本申请实施例提供的方法中的各功能，网络设备和终端设备可以包括硬件结构和/或软件模块，以硬件结构、软件模块、或硬件结构加软件模块的形式来实现上述各功能。上述各功能中的某个功能以硬件结构、软件模块、还是硬件结构加软件模块的方式来执行，取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。
如图9所示，基于同一技术构思，本申请实施例还提供了一种切换装置900，该切换装置900可以是第一网元，也可以是第一网元中的装置，或者是能够和第一网元匹配使用的装置。其中，第一网元可以是第一接入网设备，也可以是网络管理设备。一种设计中，该切换装置900可以包括执行上述方法实施例中第一接入网设备或网络管理设备执行的方法/操作/步骤/动作所一一对应的模块，该模块可以是硬件电路，也可是软件，也可以是硬件电路结合软件实现。一种设计中，该切换装置可以包括处理模块901和通信模块902。
处理模块901用于调用通信模块902执行接收和/或发送的功能。进一步地，通信模块902，也可以称为收发模块，可以包括接收模块和发送模块，接收模块用于执行方法实施例中接收的操作，发送模块用于执行方法实施例中发送的操作。本申请实施例中，处理模块通过通信模块执行发送或接收的操作，可以理解为处理模块给通信模块下发指令，通信 模块来执行发送或接收的操作，或者处理模块指示通信模块执行发送或接收的操作。当切换装置900为第一接入网设备时，通信模块902，用于获取分析报告/体验质量信息，分析报告/体验质量信息包括：预测的终端设备接入第二接入网设备之后的体验质量，分析报告/体验质量信息根据第一数据和训练模型确定，第一数据包括资源信息，资源信息包括第二接入网设备剩余的无线资源和/或剩余的虚拟资源；处理模块901，用于根据分析报告/体验质量信息确定终端设备切换的目标接入网设备，目标接入网设备为第二接入网设备中的接入网设备。
当切换装置900为网络管理设备时，处理模块901，用于获取分析报告/体验质量信息，分析报告/体验质量信息包括：预测的终端设备接入第二接入网设备之后的体验质量；处理模块901，还用于根据分析报告/体验质量信息确定终端设备切换的目标接入网设备，目标接入网设备为一个或多个第二接入网设备中的接入网设备。进一步地，处理模块901还可以分为获取模块和确定模块，获取模块，用于获取分析报告/体验质量信息，分析报告/体验质量信息包括：预测的终端设备接入第二接入网设备之后的体验质量；确定模块，用于根据分析报告/体验质量信息确定终端设备切换的目标接入网设备，目标接入网设备为一个或多个第二接入网设备中的接入网设备。
可选的，当切换装置900为第一接入网设备时，在获取分析报告/体验质量信息时，通信模块902具体用于：接收来自网络管理设备的分析报告/体验质量信息。
可选的，当切换装置900为第一接入网设备时，通信模块902还用于，向网络管理设备发送分析请求；其中，分析请求用于请求切换的分析服务。
可选的，通信模块902还用于，向网络管理设备发送终端设备的标识。
可选的，通信模块902还用于，向网络管理设备发送以下一项或多项的组合：第二接入网设备的标识、终端设备对第二接入网设备的信道质量测量结果、终端设备的优先级信息、执行分析服务的目标时间段、或分析报告/体验质量信息的上报方式。
可选的，当切换装置900为第一接入网设备时，在根据分析报告/体验质量信息确定终端设备切换的目标接入网设备时，通信模块902用于向终端设备发送测量配置信息，以及用于接收来自终端设备的测量结果，测量结果包括第一接入网设备的小区的信号质量和第一接入网设备的相邻接入网设备的小区的信号质量；处理模块901用于根据测量结果和分析报告/体验质量信息，确定终端设备切换的目标接入网设备。
可选的，当切换装置900为第一接入网设备时，在获取分析报告/体验质量信息时，通信模块902用于：接收来自网络管理设备的分析报告/体验质量信息，分析报告/体验质量信息还包括终端设备切换的目标接入网设备。
可选的，当切换装置900为第一接入网设备时，通信模块902还用于：接收来自网络管理设备的第一指示信息，第一指示信息用于指示第二接入网设备的资源不足；向网络管理设备发送资源调整请求，资源调整请求用于请求调整第二接入网设备的无线资源和/或虚拟资源。
可选的，资源调整请求中包括以下一项或多项信息：第二接入网设备的标识、终端设备的标识、或期望达到的体验质量阈值。
可选的，装置为第一接入网设备，通信模块902还用于：接收来自网络管理设备的第二指示信息，第二指示信息用于指示网络管理设备可提供的分析服务类型。
可选的，当切换装置900为网络管理设备时，在获取分析报告/体验质量信息时，处理 模块901用于：根据收集数据确定分析报告/体验质量信息，收集数据即输入模型的第一数据，第一数据包括第一接入网设备的相邻设备的小区流量。
可选的，当切换装置900为网络管理设备时，通信模块902还用于：向第一接入网设备发送目标接入网设备的标识。
可选的，通信模块902还用于：发送以下一项或多项的组合：分析服务的标识、第二接入网设备的标识、分析报告/体验质量信息的生成时间、分析报告/体验质量信息的有效时间、或分析报告/体验质量信息的置信度。
切换装置900还可以用于执行上述各个实施例中第一接入网设备或网络管理设备执行的操作。
切换装置900还可以执行图7实施例中第一接入网设备执行的操作。其中：
通信模块902用于接收来自网络管理设备的分析模型和分析服务的标识；还用于接收来自一个或多个第二接入网设备的用于分析的数据；处理模块901用于基于用于分析的数据和分析模型，对一个或多个第二接入网设备进行分析，获得分析服务的分析结果。
处理模块901和通信模块902还可以用于执行图7实施例中其它的对应步骤的功能，在此不再赘述。
切换装置900还可以执行图8实施例中第一接入网设备执行的操作。其中：
通信模块902用于向一个或多个第二接入网设备分别发送第二请求，第二请求用于请求分析服务，分析服务用于终端设备在接入网设备间的切换；通信模块902还用于获取分析报告/体验质量信息，分析报告/体验质量信息包括：预测的终端设备接入第二接入网设备之后的体验质量；处理模块901用于根据分析报告/体验质量信息确定终端设备切换的目标接入网设备，目标接入网设备为一个或多个第二接入网设备中的接入网设备。
处理模块901和通信模块902还可以用于执行图8实施例中其它的对应步骤的功能，在此不再赘述。
切换装置900还可以执行图8实施例中第二接入网设备执行的操作。其中：
通信模块902用于接收来自网络管理设备的分析模型和分析服务的标识；第二接入网设备接收来自第一接入网设备的第二请求，其中，第二请求用于请求分析服务，分析服务用于终端设备在接入网设备间的切换；通信模块902还用于向第一接入网设备发送分析报告/体验质量信息，分析报告/体验质量信息包括：预测的终端设备接入第二接入网设备之后的体验质量。
本申请实施例中对模块的划分是示意性的，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，另外，在本申请各个实施例中的各功能模块可以集成在一个处理器中，也可以是单独物理存在，也可以两个或两个以上模块集成在一个模块中。上述集成的模块既可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用软件功能模块的形式实现。
如图10所示，基于同一技术构思，为本申请实施例提供的切换装置1000，该切换装置1000可以是第一网元，也可以是第一网元中的装置，或者是能够和第一网元匹配使用的装置。其中，第一网元可以是第一接入网设备，也可以是网络管理设备。该切换装置1000用于实现上述方法中第一接入网设备或网络管理设备的功能。其中，该切换装置1000可以为芯片系统。本申请实施例中，芯片系统可以由芯片构成，也可以包含芯片和其他分立器件。切换装置1000包括至少一个处理器1020，用于实现本申请实施例提供的方法中第一接入网设备或网络管理设备的功能。切换装置1000还可以包括通信接口1010。在本申 请实施例中，通信接口可以是收发器、电路、总线、模块或其它类型的通信接口，用于通过传输介质和其它设备进行通信。其中，收发器可以包括接收器和发送器，接收器用于实现接收的操作，发送器用于实现发送的操作。当该通信装置为芯片系统时，通信接口1010可以包括输入接口和输出接口，输入接口对应执行接收的操作，输出接口对应执行发送的操作。例如，通信接口1010用于装置1000中的装置可以和其它设备进行通信。示例性地，处理器1020利用通信接口1010收发数据，并用于实现上述方法实施例所述的方法。示例性地，当切换装置1000为第一接入网设备时，通信接口1010，用于获取分析报告/体验质量信息，分析报告/体验质量信息包括：预测的终端设备接入第二接入网设备之后的体验质量；处理器1020，用于根据分析报告确定终端设备切换的目标接入网设备，目标接入网设备为一个或多个第二接入网设备中的接入网设备。
当切换装置1000为网络管理设备时，处理器1020，用于获取分析报告/体验质量信息，分析报告/体验质量信息包括：预测的终端设备接入第二接入网设备之后的体验质量；处理器1020，还用于根据分析报告确定终端设备切换的目标接入网设备，目标接入网设备为一个或多个第二接入网设备中的接入网设备。
处理器1020和通信接口1010还可以用于执行上述图3方法实施例第一网元执行的其它对应的步骤或操作，在此不再一一赘述。
切换装置1000还可以执行图7实施例中第一接入网设备执行的操作。其中：
通信接口1010用于接收来自网络管理设备的分析模型和分析服务的标识；还用于接收来自一个或多个第二接入网设备的用于分析的数据；处理器1020用于基于用于分析的数据和分析模型，对一个或多个第二接入网设备进行分析，获得分析服务的分析结果。
处理器1020和通信接口1010还可以用于执行图7实施例中其它的对应步骤的功能，在此不再赘述。
切换装置1000还可以执行图8实施例中第一接入网设备执行的操作。其中：
通信接口1010用于向一个或多个第二接入网设备分别发送请求信息，请求信息用于请求分析服务，分析服务用于终端设备在接入网设备间的切换；通信接口1010还用于获取分析报告/体验质量信息，分析报告/体验质量信息包括：预测的终端设备接入第二接入网设备之后的体验质量；处理器1020用于根据分析报告确定终端设备切换的目标接入网设备，目标接入网设备为一个或多个第二接入网设备中的接入网设备。
处理器1020和通信接口1010还可以用于执行图8实施例中其它的对应步骤的功能，在此不再赘述。
切换装置1000还可以执行图8实施例中第二接入网设备执行的操作。其中：
通信接口1010用于接收来自网络管理设备的分析模型和分析服务的标识；第二接入网设备接收来自第一接入网设备的请求信息，其中，请求信息用于请求分析服务，分析服务用于终端设备在接入网设备间的切换；通信接口1010还用于向第一接入网设备发送分析报告/体验质量信息，分析报告/体验质量信息包括：预测的终端设备接入第二接入网设备之后的体验质量。
通信装置1000还可以包括至少一个存储器1030，用于存储程序指令和/或数据。存储器1030和处理器1020耦合。本申请实施例中的耦合是装置、单元或模块之间的间接耦合或通信连接，可以是电性，机械或其它的形式，用于装置、单元或模块之间的信息交互。处理器1020可能和存储器1030协同操作。处理器1020可能执行存储器1030中存储的程 序指令。所述至少一个存储器中的至少一个可以包括于处理器中。
本申请实施例中不限定上述通信接口1010、处理器1020以及存储器1030之间的具体连接介质。本申请实施例在图10中以存储器1030、处理器1020以及通信接口1010之间通过总线1040连接，总线在图10中以粗线表示，其它部件之间的连接方式，仅是进行示意性说明，并不引以为限。所述总线可以分为地址总线、数据总线、控制总线等。为便于表示，图10中仅用一条粗线表示，但并不表示仅有一根总线或一种类型的总线。
切换装置900和切换装置1000具体是芯片或者芯片系统时，通信模块902和通信接口1010所输出或接收的可以是基带信号。切换装置900和切换装置1000具体是设备时，通信模块902和通信接口1010所输出或接收的可以是射频信号。在本申请实施例中，处理器可以是通用处理器、数字信号处理器、专用集成电路、现场可编程门阵列或者其他可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件，可以实现或者执行本申请实施例中的公开的各方法、步骤及逻辑框图。通用处理器可以是微处理器或者任何常规的处理器等。结合本申请实施例所公开的方法的步骤可以直接体现为硬件处理器执行完成，或者用处理器中的硬件及软件模块组合执行完成。
在本申请实施例中，存储器1030可以是非易失性存储器，比如硬盘(hard disk drive，HDD)或固态硬盘(solid-state drive，SSD)等，还可以是易失性存储器(volatile memory)，例如随机存取存储器(random-access memory，RAM)。存储器是能够用于携带或存储具有指令或数据结构形式的期望的程序代码并能够由计算机存取的任何其他介质，但不限于此。本申请实施例中的存储器还可以是电路或者其它任意能够实现存储功能的装置，用于存储程序指令和/或数据。
本申请上述方法实施例描述的终端所执行的操作和功能中的部分或全部，或网络设备所执行的操作和功能中的部分或全部，可以用芯片或集成电路来完成。
为了实现上述图9或图10所述的切换装置的功能，本申请实施例还提供一种芯片，包括处理器，用于支持该切换装置实现上述方法实施例中第一接入网设备或网络管理设备所涉及的功能。在一种可能的设计中，该芯片与存储器连接或者该芯片包括存储器，该存储器用于保存该通信装置必要的程序指令和数据。
本申请实施例提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，存储有计算机程序，该计算机程序包括用于执行上述方法实施例的指令。
本申请实施例提供了一种包含指令的计算机程序产品，当其在计算机上运行时，使得上述方法实施例被实现。
本领域内的技术人员应明白，本申请的实施例可提供为方法、系统、或计算机程序产品。因此，本申请可采用完全硬件实施例、完全软件实施例、或结合软件和硬件方面的实施例的形式。而且，本申请可采用在一个或多个其中包含有计算机可用程序代码的计算机可用存储介质(包括但不限于磁盘存储器、CD-ROM、光学存储器等)上实施的计算机程序产品的形式。
本申请是参照根据本申请实施例的方法、设备(系统)、和计算机程序产品的流程图和/或方框图来描述的。应理解可由计算机程序指令实现流程图和/或方框图中的每一流程和/或方框、以及流程图和/或方框图中的流程和/或方框的结合。可提供这些计算机程序指令到通用计算机、专用计算机、嵌入式处理机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器以产生一个机器，使得通过计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器执行的指令产生用 于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的装置。
这些计算机程序指令也可存储在能引导计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备以特定方式工作的计算机可读存储器中，使得存储在该计算机可读存储器中的指令产生包括指令装置的制造品，该指令装置实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能。
这些计算机程序指令也可装载到计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备上，使得在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行一系列操作步骤以产生计算机实现的处理，从而在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行的指令提供用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的步骤。
尽管已描述了本申请的优选实施例，但本领域内的技术人员一旦得知了基本创造性概念，则可对这些实施例作出另外的变更和修改。所以，所附权利要求意欲解释为包括优选实施例以及落入本申请范围的所有变更和修改。
显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本申请实施例进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本申请实施例的精神和范围。这样，倘若本申请实施例的这些修改和变型属于本申请权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内，则本申请也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。

Claims (29)

  1. 一种切换方法，其特征在于，包括：
    第一网元获取体验质量信息，所述第一网元为第一接入网设备或网络管理设备，所述体验质量信息用于指示预测的终端设备接入第二接入网设备后的体验质量，所述体验质量信息根据第一数据和训练模型确定，所述第一数据包括所述第二接入网设备剩余的无线资源和/或剩余的虚拟资源；
    所述第一网元根据所述体验质量信息从所述第二接入网设备中确定目标接入网设备，所述目标接入网设备用于所述终端设备从所述第一接入网设备至所述目标接入网设备的切换。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一数据还包括以下一项或多项：
    小区流量、所述终端设备的优先级指示信息或所述终端设备的测量结果，所述小区流量用于指示小区在一段时间内传输的数据量，所述终端设备的优先级指示信息用于指示所述终端设备接受服务的优先顺序，所述终端设备的测量结果包括所述终端设备与所述第二接入网设备之间的通信链路的信道质量。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一网元为所述第一接入网设备，所述第一网元获取体验质量信息，包括：
    所述第一接入网设备接收来自网络管理设备的所述体验质量信息。
  4. 如权利要求1～3任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一网元为所述第一接入网设备，所述方法还包括：
    所述第一接入网设备向网络管理设备发送分析请求，所述分析请求用于请求切换的分析服务。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述第一接入网设备向网络管理设备发送以下一项或多项的组合：
    所述第二接入网设备的标识、所述终端设备与所述第二接入网设备之间的通信链路的信道质量、所述终端设备的优先级信息、执行所述分析服务的目标时间段、或体验质量信息的上报方式。
  6. 如权利要求1～5任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一网元为所述第一接入网设备，所述第一网元根据所述分析报告确定所述终端设备切换的目标接入网设备，包括：
    所述第一接入网设备向所述终端设备发送测量配置信息，所述测量配置信息用于对所述终端设备的测量进行配置；
    所述第一接入网设备接收来自所述终端设备的所述测量结果，所述测量结果包括所述第一接入网设备的小区的信号质量和所述第一接入网设备的相邻接入网设备的小区的信号质量；
    所述第一接入网设备根据所述测量结果和所述体验质量信息，确定所述目标接入网设备。
  7. 如权利要求1～6任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一网元为所述第一接入网设备，所述方法还包括：
    所述第一接入网设备接收来自网络管理设备的第一指示信息，所述第一指示信息用于指示所述第二接入网设备的资源不足；
    所述第一接入网设备向所述网络管理设备发送资源调整请求，所述资源调整请求用于请求调整所述第二接入网设备的无线资源和/或虚拟资源。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述资源调整请求中包括以下一项或多项信息：所述第二接入网设备的标识、所述终端设备的标识、或期望达到的体验质量阈值。
  9. 如权利要求1～8任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一网元为所述第一接入网设备，所述方法还包括：
    所述第一接入网设备接收来自网络管理设备的第二指示信息，所述第二指示信息用于指示所述网络管理设备提供的分析服务类型，所述分析服务类型为切换的分析服务。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，若所述第一网元为网络管理设备，所述还包括：
    所述网络管理设备向所述第一接入网设备发送所述目标接入网设备的标识。
  11. 如权利要求1～10任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述第一网元获取以下一项或多项信息：分析服务的标识、所述第二接入网设备的标识、所述体验质量信息的生成时间、所述体验质量信息的有效时间、或所述体验质量信息的置信度。
  12. 一种切换装置，其特征在于，所述装置为第一接入网设备或网络管理设备，包括通信模块和处理模块，其中：
    所述通信模块或所述处理模块，用于获取体验质量信息，所述体验质量信息用于指示预测的终端设备接入第二接入网设备后的体验质量，所述体验质量信息根据第一数据和训练模型确定，所述第一数据包括所述第二接入网设备剩余的无线资源和/或剩余的虚拟资源；
    所述处理模块，用于根据所述体验质量信息从所述第二接入网设备中确定目标接入网设备，所述目标接入网设备用于所述终端设备从所述第一接入网设备至所述目标接入网设备的切换。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第一数据还包括以下一项或多项：
    小区流量、所述终端设备的优先级指示信息或所述终端设备的测量结果，所述小区流量用于指示小区在一段时间内传输的数据量，所述终端设备的优先级指示信息用于指示所述终端设备接受服务的优先顺序，所述终端设备的测量结果包括所述终端设备与所述第二接入网设备之间的通信链路的信道质量。
  14. 如权利要求12或13所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置为所述第一接入网设备，在获取体验质量信息时，所述通信模块用于：
    接收来自网络管理设备的所述体验质量信息。
  15. 如权利要求12～14任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置为所述第一接入网设备，所述通信模块还用于：
    向网络管理设备发送分析请求，所述分析请求用于请求切换的分析服务。
  16. 如权利要求15所述的装置，其特征在于，所述通信模块还用于：
    向网络管理设备发送以下一项或多项的组合：
    所述第二接入网设备的标识、所述终端设备与所述第二接入网设备之间的通信链路的信道质量、所述终端设备的优先级信息、执行所述分析服务的目标时间段、或体验质量信息的上报方式。
  17. 如权利要求12～16任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置为所述第一接入网设 备，在根据所述分析报告确定所述终端设备切换的目标接入网设备，所述通信模块用于：向所述终端设备发送测量配置信息，所述测量配置信息用于对所述终端设备的测量进行配置；以及接收来自所述终端设备的所述测量结果，所述测量结果包括所述第一接入网设备的小区的信号质量和所述第一接入网设备的相邻接入网设备的小区的信号质量；
    所述处理模块用于：根据所述测量结果和所述体验质量信息，确定所述目标接入网设备。
  18. 如权利要求12～17任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置为所述第一接入网设备，所述通信模块还用于：
    接收来自网络管理设备的第一指示信息，所述第一指示信息用于指示所述第二接入网设备的资源不足；
    向所述网络管理设备发送资源调整请求，所述资源调整请求用于请求调整所述第二接入网设备的无线资源和/或虚拟资源。
  19. 如权利要求18所述的装置，其特征在于，所述资源调整请求中包括以下一项或多项信息：所述第二接入网设备的标识、所述终端设备的标识、或期望达到的体验质量阈值。
  20. 如权利要求12～19任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置为所述第一接入网设备，所述通信模块还用于：
    接收来自网络管理设备的第二指示信息，所述第二指示信息用于指示所述网络管理设备提供的分析服务类型，所述分析服务类型为切换的分析服务。
  21. 如权利要求12所述的装置，其特征在于，若所述装置为网络管理设备，所述通信模块还用于：
    向所述第一接入网设备发送所述目标接入网设备的标识。
  22. 如权利要求12～21任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述处理模块还用于：
    获取以下一项或多项信息：分析服务的标识、所述第二接入网设备的标识、所述体验质量信息的生成时间、所述体验质量信息的有效时间、或所述体验质量信息的置信度。
  23. 一种切换装置，其特征在于，包括处理器，用于与存储器耦合，调用所述存储器中的程序，执行所述程序以使得如权利要求1～11任意一项所述的方法被执行。
  24. 一种切换方法，其特征在于，包括：
    网络管理设备向第一接入网设备发送分析模型和分析服务的标识；
    所述第一接入网设备接收来自一个或多个第二接入网设备的用于分析的数据；
    所述第一接入网设备基于所述用于分析的数据和所述分析模型，对所述一个或多个第二接入网设备进行分析，获得所述分析服务的分析结果。
  25. 一种切换方法，其特征在于，包括：
    第一接入网设备向第二接入网设备发送请求信息，所述请求信息用于请求分析服务，所述分析服务用于终端设备在接入网设备间的切换；
    所述第二接入网设备向所述第一接入网设备发送体验质量信息，所述体验质量信息包括预测的所述终端设备接入所述第二接入网设备后的体验质量，所述体验质量信息根据第一数据和训练模型确定，所述第一数据包括所述第二接入网设备剩余的无线资源和/或剩余的虚拟资源；
    所述第一接入网设备根据所述体验质量信息从所述第二接入网设备中确定目标接入网设备，所述目标接入网设备用于所述终端设备从所述第一接入网设备至目标接入网设备 的切换。
  26. 一种通信系统，其特征在于，包括如权利要求12～22任一项所述的装置。
  27. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其特征在于，所述计算机存储介质中存储有计算机可读指令，当所述计算机可读指令在通信装置上运行时，使得如权利要求1～11任一项所述的方法被执行。
  28. 一种芯片，其特征在于，所述芯片与存储器相连或者所述芯片包括所述存储器，所述芯片用于读取并执行所述存储器中存储的软件程序，以实现如权利要求1～11任一项所述的方法。
  29. 一种计算机程序产品，其特征在于，当计算机读取并执行所述计算机程序产品时，使得如权利要求1～11任一项所述的方法被执行。
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