WO2022252749A1 - 壳状牙科器械、壳状牙科矫治器套组及牙科矫治系统 - Google Patents

壳状牙科器械、壳状牙科矫治器套组及牙科矫治系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022252749A1
WO2022252749A1 PCT/CN2022/081043 CN2022081043W WO2022252749A1 WO 2022252749 A1 WO2022252749 A1 WO 2022252749A1 CN 2022081043 W CN2022081043 W CN 2022081043W WO 2022252749 A1 WO2022252749 A1 WO 2022252749A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
shell
arch
shaped
dental instrument
dental
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/081043
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨森森
姚峻峰
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正雅齿科科技(上海)有限公司
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Publication date
Priority claimed from CN202121196833.1U external-priority patent/CN215960383U/zh
Priority claimed from CN202110602318.7A external-priority patent/CN115919487A/zh
Application filed by 正雅齿科科技(上海)有限公司 filed Critical 正雅齿科科技(上海)有限公司
Priority to DE212022000217.2U priority Critical patent/DE212022000217U1/de
Priority to ES202390032U priority patent/ES1305971Y/es
Publication of WO2022252749A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022252749A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C7/00—Orthodontics, i.e. obtaining or maintaining the desired position of teeth, e.g. by straightening, evening, regulating, separating, or by correcting malocclusions
    • A61C7/10—Devices having means to apply outwardly directed force, e.g. expanders
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C7/00—Orthodontics, i.e. obtaining or maintaining the desired position of teeth, e.g. by straightening, evening, regulating, separating, or by correcting malocclusions
    • A61C7/08—Mouthpiece-type retainers or positioners, e.g. for both the lower and upper arch

Definitions

  • the present application belongs to the technical field of orthodontics, more precisely relates to the technical field of invisible orthodontics without brackets, in particular to a shell-shaped dental instrument, a shell-shaped dental appliance set and a dental orthodontic system.
  • Bow expansion treatment is a common treatment method for dental arch width adjustment.
  • Common expansion methods include fixed expansion device expansion, four-eye spring expansion, knight expansion, implant-assisted expansion, surgical operation-assisted expansion, etc. .
  • Invisible appliances also have a certain ability to expand the bow. Previous studies have shown that the expansion of the spiral bow spring combined with the invisible appliance has also achieved good results.
  • most of the above orthodontic methods are fixed orthodontic methods, which not only cause great damage to the patient's oral cavity, but also make the patient's sense of experience and comfort poor.
  • Invisible orthodontic appliances are chosen by more and more people because they are comfortable to wear, detachable, and beautiful.
  • an arch expansion application part is designed on the maxillary shell-shaped appliance.
  • the arch is expanded by the reaction force exerted on the teeth when the elastic deformation of the expansion force application part returns to the original shape.
  • This kind of arch expansion force cannot meet the needs of orthodontic treatment, and the arch expansion effect is poor.
  • the molars must be expanded forward and backward in sequence, which prolongs the arch expansion cycle.
  • the size of the bow expansion force application part is increased in the prior art, for example, the patent document CN211156373U is a maxillary arch expansion brace.
  • the large size of this invisible dental brace will cause the patient to feel a strong foreign body sensation, which greatly reduces the wearing comfort of the patient.
  • the present application provides a new solution to avoid the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art.
  • the technical problem solved by this application is to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provide a novel shell-shaped dental instrument with arch expansion function, a shell-shaped dental appliance set and a dental correction system.
  • a shell-shaped dental instrument which includes a shell-shaped body provided with a plurality of tooth receiving cavities, the shell-shaped body is provided with an upper palate arch that expands or contracts the dental arch, and the upper palate arch There is also a reinforcement part that enhances the expansion force or contraction force of the palate arch, and the reinforcement part is one or more reinforcement ridges that protrude on the palate arch perpendicular to the surface of the palate arch.
  • the reinforcing ridge has a stress distributing structure that distributes force evenly on the palatal arch.
  • the stress dispersion structure avoids the stress concentration problem that occurs when the palatal arch is deformed, so that the force application system can provide teeth with a comfortable degree of orthodontic treatment. Or the dental arch provides the desired force for orthodontic treatment.
  • the stress dispersing structure is a structure in which the height of the reinforcing ridge increases from the end adjacent to the gum to the midline of the palatal arch.
  • said increase is an at least partially continuous increase.
  • the reinforcing ridges vary in ridge height between about 0mm and 3mm.
  • the height of said ridge height is arranged symmetrically about the midline of the dental arch.
  • the expansion force or contraction force on both sides of the dental arch is equal.
  • the height of said ridge height is arranged asymmetrically about the midline of the dental arch.
  • the expansion or contraction forces on both sides of the dental arch are equal or unequal.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the reinforcing ridge on the sagittal plane is one of ellipse, semicircle, polygon or a combination of the above shapes.
  • the width of the palatal arch is between about 5mm and 15mm.
  • the curvature of the upper palate arch when worn, basically coincides with the curved curvature of the upper palate.
  • the lingual and/or buccal sides of the tooth receiving cavities in the posterior region at least partially cover the gums.
  • the palatal arch includes a palatal side and a lingual side, and when worn, the distance between the palatal side and the palate is about 0mm-2mm.
  • the palatal side of the palatal arch is provided with an auxiliary force application portion that assists the lateral expansion of the palatal arch.
  • the auxiliary force application part when worn, the auxiliary force application part is in contact with the upper palate, and the reaction force received by the auxiliary force application part to press the upper palate acts on the teeth in the posterior region through the upper palate arch and/or partially on the gums.
  • the palatal arch and the shell-like body are in an integral structure or a separate structure.
  • the two ends of the upper palate arch are respectively at or adjacent to the gingival margins of the posterior teeth on the left and right sides of the shell-shaped body. connected at the gingival margin.
  • the upper palatal arch when the upper palatal arch is separated from the shell-shaped body, the upper palatal arch is detachably connected to the lingual side of the posterior teeth region of the shell-shaped body.
  • the detachable method is one of ball joint or clip joint.
  • the modulus of elasticity of the palate arch is greater than that of the shell-shaped body.
  • the reinforcement part and the palatal arch are of an integral structure or a separate structure.
  • the reinforcing part when the reinforcing part is integrated with the palatal arch, the reinforcing part is formed by protruding from the palatal arch toward the jaw.
  • the reinforcing part when the reinforcing part is a separate structure from the palatal arch, the reinforcing part can be fixed on the shell-shaped body by any one of bonding, riveting and welding.
  • said palatal arch is at least partially multi-layered.
  • the reinforcing part is disposed on the surface of the layer of the multilayer structure closest to the tongue.
  • each layer of the multilayer structure protrudes laterally lingually to form a reinforcement.
  • reinforcing wires are arranged between two adjacent layers of the multi-layer structure.
  • the palatine arch and/or tooth receiving cavity are further provided with magnets that expand or contract in the buccal-lingual direction, and the magnetic poles of the magnets are the same or opposite.
  • Some embodiments of the present application also provide a shell-shaped dental appliance set, including a first shell-shaped body for the upper jaw and a second shell-shaped body for the lower jaw, the first shell-shaped body is as described above According to any one of the shell-shaped dental instruments, the second shell-shaped body is provided with a plurality of tooth receiving cavities, and the first shell-shaped body and the second shell-shaped body are used in cooperation.
  • Some embodiments of the present application also provide a dental correction system, including multiple sets of shell-shaped dental instrument sets, the multiple sets of dental instrument sets include at least one set of dental instrument sets as described above, the multiple sets of dental instrument sets A dental instrument set has a geometry that gradually repositions teeth from an initial position to a target orthodontic position.
  • the palatal arch in the shell-shaped dental instrument set is further provided with a reinforcing part that enhances the expansion or contraction of the palate arch.
  • the reinforcing part is one or more reinforcing ridges protruding from the palatal arch in the sagittal direction, and the ridge height of the reinforcing ridges varies according to different correction schemes.
  • the maximum heights of the reinforcing ridges in different shell-shaped dental instrument sets gradually decrease.
  • the dental instrument set includes the maxillary teeth appliance and the mandibular appliance, which accommodate the maxillary teeth and the mandibular teeth respectively, and can treat the upper and lower teeth at the same time.
  • the dental correction system includes a series of dental instrument sets, which can not only adjust the tooth arch, but also correct the teeth so that the teeth move from the initial position to the target position.
  • Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of an embodiment of the shell-shaped dental instrument of the present application
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view along the A-A direction of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3A is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the shell-shaped dental instrument of the present application.
  • Fig. 3B is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the shell-shaped dental instrument of the present application.
  • Fig. 3C is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the shell-shaped dental instrument of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the shell-shaped dental instrument of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the shell-shaped dental instrument of the present application.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the shell-shaped dental instrument of the present application.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the shell-shaped dental instrument of the present application.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the shell-shaped dental instrument of the present application.
  • the present application provides a shell-shaped dental instrument, wherein the shell-shaped dental instrument includes a shell-shaped body 1 provided with a plurality of tooth receiving cavities, so The tooth receiving cavity at least wraps the patient's premolars and molars, which are shown as 4-8 teeth according to the FDI notation method.
  • the shell-like body 1 is provided with a palatal arch 2 that expands or contracts the dental arch laterally, and the palatal arch 2 is also provided with a reinforcing part 3 that enhances the expansion force or contraction force of the palatal arch 2.
  • the reinforcement Part 3 is one or more reinforcing ridges protruding on the upper palatal arch 2 perpendicular to the surface of the upper palatal arch 2. When worn, the reinforcing ridges have the function of evenly distributing the force on the upper palatal arch 2. stress distribution structure.
  • the reinforcement part 3 is designed on the lingual side of the palatal arch 2 to improve the comfort of the patient when wearing it.
  • the stress dispersing structure is a structure in which the height of the reinforcing ridge increases from the end adjacent to the gum to the midline of the palatal arch, and the reinforcing part 3 may be one or more reinforcing ridges.
  • the increase can be designed as a reinforcing ridge as shown in Figure 3A, gradually and continuously increasing from one end adjacent to the gum to the midline of the palatal arch 2, and the highest position of the ridge height is located at the midline of the palatal arch.
  • the midline of the palatal arch coincides with the midline of the dental arch;
  • the increase can also be a partial continuous increase, as shown in the simple outline of the palatal arch 2 and the reinforcement part 3 in Figure 3B, and the reinforcement part 3 can be formed by A plurality of reinforcing ridges are formed, and each reinforcing ridge has at least a part of the ridge height continuously increasing from the end adjacent to the gum to near the midline of the palatal arch.
  • the expansion principle of the shell-shaped dental instrument is based on the patient's actual jaw or dental arch width L, and the expansion width of the upper palatal arch 2 designed according to the finite element analysis software is L1, L1 is larger than L.
  • the dotted line in Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the simple outline of the patient's palate and/or dental arch, and the solid line is a schematic diagram of the simple outline of the palate arch 2 designed according to the orthodontic needs.
  • the two sides of the upper palate arch 2 are compressed and deformed, and the elastic potential energy released by the upper palate arch 2 to restore its original shape is used to apply force F to the dental arch and/or part of the gums So as to achieve the purpose of arch expansion.
  • the width of the upper palate arch 2 is designed to be smaller than the width of the patient's upper palate or dental arch.
  • the ridge height h(x) of the reinforcing ridge is designed to be the height distributed on the reinforcing ridge so that the shell-shaped dental instrument is evenly distributed when worn.
  • the reinforcement ridge is designed to protrude to different heights in the lingual direction (the direction of the x-axis in Figure 2), and the width b of the reinforcement ridge is maintained. constant.
  • the height of the ridge height can be symmetrically designed with respect to the midline of the dental arch, so that both sides of the dental arch are subjected to equal expansion or contraction force, the force is between 2-5N, and the force applied can refer to the outward or inward component of the horizontal direction of the force. Or a part of the horizontal and/or vertical component forces acting on the teeth through the tooth receiving cavity.
  • the height of the ridge can also be set asymmetrically with respect to the midline of the dental arch, such as shown in FIG. 3C , so that both sides of the dental arch are subjected to equal or unequal expansion or contraction forces, and the force size is between 2-5N.
  • Unequal expansion or contraction strength can be designed by adjusting one or more of the conditions such as the height of the ridge, the displacement of the palatal arch 3, and the setting method of the palatal arch 3, for example, the palatal arch 3 is set to be in contact with the palate And when interacting, the force exerted by the palate on the palatal arch 3 causes the expansion force of the palate arch 3 to act on the teeth on both sides to be unequal.
  • the stress or ridge height can usually be calculated using the principles of mechanics of materials or elastic mechanics, for example, the formula of ridge height and stress derived from the principles of mechanics of materials can be used
  • the height of the ridge height can be designed to vary between about 0 mm and 3 mm according to the orthodontic needs and the comfort of the patient during wearing, and the maximum value hmax of the ridge height can be designed at the midline P of the dental arch Near -P', the dental arch midline PP' basically coincides with the palatal arch midline, so that the ridge height of the reinforcing ridge forms a stress dispersion structure that gradually decreases from the dental arch midline area to the direction of the teeth on both sides.
  • the ridge height of the reinforced ridge can also be designed symmetrically according to the midline of the dental arch.
  • the advantage of designing a uniformly variable ridge height is that, on the premise of ensuring the strength of the correction, it avoids the stress concentration problem caused by the extrusion deformation of the upper palatal arch 2 during the correction process. According to the principles of material mechanics or elastic mechanics, problems such as fracture of the palatal arch 2 due to stress concentration or partial extrusion of the palate by the palatal arch 2 are avoided to reduce patient comfort.
  • one or more reinforcement ridges can be designed according to the expansion or contraction strength required by different orthodontic needs, and the reinforcement ridge closest to the anterior region can be designed to be lower in height than the reinforcement ridge far away from the anterior region and/or Or a structure with a smaller width, such as in Fig. 1, the height and/or width of the reinforcement ridge 3c are lower than the reinforcement ridge 3b, and the height and/or width of the reinforcement ridge 3b are lower than the reinforcement ridge 3a, the purpose of this design can reduce the patient's Discomfort during tongue contact with reinforcement 3 .
  • the cross-sectional shape of the reinforcing ridge on the sagittal plane is one of ellipse, semicircle, polygon or a combination of the above shapes. Reinforcing ridges with different cross-sectional shapes can bring different correction strengths, and similarly, they will also make patients feel different during wearing. In the design process, the two factors of correction strength and comfort can be considered comprehensively to design reinforcing ridges with different structures.
  • the curvature of the palate arch 2 is basically consistent with the curvature of the palate, and the width of the palate arch 2 on the sagittal axis is about Between 5mm and 15mm, the palatal arch 2 can achieve greater expansion or contraction with a smaller size, and reduce the palatal arch 2 in the patient's mouth while ensuring that the orthodontic requirements of expanding or shrinking the dental arch are met. foreign body sensation.
  • the lingual and/or buccal sides of the tooth receiving cavity in the posterior region at least partially cover the gums.
  • the expansion force or contraction force of the palatal arch 2 mentioned in this application refers to the correction force used to move the position of the dental arch and jaw bone or induce bone tissue reconstruction to stimulate the growth and development of the jaw bone, which is connected to the palate arch 2
  • a plurality of tooth receiving cavities and/or other tooth receiving cavities in the posterior region enclosing the gums can make the expansion or contraction force of the palatal arch 2 partially act on the gums, which can directly induce bone tissue remodeling and stimulate the growth and development of the jaws.
  • the orthodontic force is applied to the crown, and the alveolar bone is stimulated by the movement of the crown.
  • the orthodontic force has an effect on the crown and the alveolar bone.
  • the bone exerts force at the same time, thereby greatly improving the efficiency of correction, and achieving a better therapeutic effect of arch expansion/contraction.
  • the palatal side of the palatal arch 2 can be designed to have a certain distance from the palate, especially the palatal side area corresponding to the midline suture of the palate, and the distance is between about 0mm-2mm .
  • the palatal side of the palatal arch 2 can be designed as a matching structure that basically fits the palate, and the matching structure here is specifically the anatomical structure (groove, ridge) of the palatal side of the palatal arch 2 and the patient's palate. , Valley, etc.) matching structure, in this case, the reaction force exerted by the palate on the palate arch 2 can also exert a certain degree of expansion force.
  • the palatal side 22 of the palatal arch 2 is provided with an auxiliary force application portion 4 that assists the lateral expansion of the palatal arch 2 .
  • the auxiliary force applying part 4 When worn, the auxiliary force applying part 4 is in contact with the upper palate, and the surface of the auxiliary force applying part 4 close to the upper palate can be designed as a matching structure that basically fits the upper palate, and the matching structure here is specifically the upper palate
  • the palatal side of the arch 2 matches the anatomical structure (grooves, ridges, valleys, etc.) of the patient's palate.
  • the upper palatal arch 2 acts on the teeth in the posterior region and/or on part of the gums to achieve arch expansion.
  • the palatal arch 2 and the shell-like body 1 are in an integral structure or a separate structure.
  • the two ends of the upper palate arch 2 are respectively connected to the gingival margins of the posterior teeth on the left and right sides of the shell-like body 1 or adjacent to the gingival margins.
  • Phase connection settings During production and processing, it can be manufactured by hot pressing film technology, and the production process is simple and suitable for large-scale production.
  • the upper palatal arch 2 is separated from the shell-like body 1, the upper palate arch 2 is detachably connected to the lingual side of the posterior tooth area of the shell-like body 1 in a detachable manner as follows: One of the ball joints or snap joints.
  • ball seats 21 can be provided on both sides of the upper palatal arch, which are attached to the opening channel 11 on the lingual side/buccal side of the tooth receiving cavity of the shell-shaped body 1 , and the opening channel 11
  • the upper palatal arch can be allowed to engage or remove the shell-like body 1 .
  • the width d of the open channel 11 is less than or equal to the width D of the ball seat 21, the shell body 1 is designed as an elastic material, and the ball seat 21 can further open the open channel 11, thereby expanding the width d of the open channel 11,
  • the ball seat 21 enters the opening channel 11 to reach the attachment position, and the opening channel 11 restores its original width so that the upper palate arch will not fall off from the shell-shaped body 1 during use.
  • the ball seat can be arranged in a triangular, square, rectangular or other polygonal structure.
  • the modulus of elasticity of the palate arch 2 is greater than that of the shell body 1 .
  • the palatal arch 2 may be formed from a polymer (e.g., acrylic, thermoplastic, thermoset, etc.) and/or metallic material.
  • the reinforcing part is provided with the lingual side 21 of the palatal arch, and the reinforcing part 3 and the palatal arch 2 can be provided as an integral structure or a separate structure.
  • the reinforcement part 3 is integrated with the palatine arch 2, the reinforcement part 3 is formed by the palate arch 2 protruding laterally towards the tongue.
  • the reinforcing part 3 is a separate structure from the palatal arch 2, the reinforcing part 3 can be fixed on the shell-like body 1 by any one of bonding, riveting and welding.
  • the upper palate arch 2 is at least partly a multi-layer structure, and the design of the multi-layer structure can increase the bending resistance coefficient of the upper palate arch 2, thereby increasing the elastic potential energy released by the upper palate arch 2 when worn. , increase the intensity of correction.
  • the reinforcing part 3 can be arranged on the surface of the layer closest to the tongue side of the multilayer structure, or each layer of the multilayer structure protrudes toward the lingual side to form the reinforcing part 3 .
  • reinforcing wires are provided between two adjacent layers of the multi-layer structure.
  • the reinforcing wire can be a corrective arch wire that meets the standards of stomatology, and the setting of the arch wire can increase the overall rigidity and/or bending resistance coefficient of the palatal arch 2 to strengthen the expansion force or contraction force of the palate arch 2, so
  • the upper palatal arch 2 and/or the tooth storage cavity are also provided with magnets that expand or contract in the buccal-lingual direction, the magnetic poles of the magnets are the same or opposite, and the magnets can be directly pasted on the outer surface of the tooth storage cavity, or directly on the teeth. On the inner surface of the receiving cavity, the magnet directly acts the correction force on the tooth surface.
  • any suitable scanner can be used to digitally scan the patient's dental arch (including the palate, teeth and at least a part of the gums), and a treatment plan is designed according to the generated digital dental arch model, and the treatment plan includes this
  • the dental treatment system in the application allocates treatment steps according to the treatment plan, and designs shell-shaped dental instruments according to the treatment needs of each step, at least one of which includes the dental instrument set in the application.
  • the dental instrument set includes a first shell-like body 1 and a second shell-like body 1 .
  • the first shell-shaped body 1 is any one of the above-mentioned shell-shaped dental instruments in this application, and the shell-shaped body 1 of the second shell-shaped body 1 is provided with several cavities for accommodating mandibular teeth.
  • the reinforcing ridges provided on the upper palatal arch 2 of the first shell-like body 1 can be set with different ridge heights according to appropriate finite element analysis software. Such a design can reduce the number of patients' diagnosis and treatment, so that the patient can wear the appliance according to the treatment steps.
  • the dental correction system in this application includes multiple sets of dental instrument sets, each set of dental instrument sets can be worn for 0.5-14 days, and the multiple sets of dental instrument sets include at least one set of dental instruments described in the embodiments of this application.
  • the instrument set has a geometric shape that gradually repositions the teeth from the initial position to the target orthodontic position, so that the orthodontics can be performed while the arch is adjusted.
  • the dental treatment system includes a first set of dental instruments applied to the first stage of correction and a second set of dental instruments applied to the second stage of correction, the second stage of correction is located at After the first treatment phase.
  • the shell-shaped body 1 for accommodating the mandibular teeth of the second dental instrument set is different from the shell-shaped body 1 of the first dental instrument set for accommodating the mandibular teeth, so that the mandibular The teeth are gradually positioned to the target orthodontic position to be achieved in the second orthodontic stage to achieve the orthodontic effect.
  • the shell-shaped body 1 for accommodating the maxillary teeth of the second set of dental instruments differs in geometry from the shell-like body 1 for accommodating the maxillary teeth of the first set of dental instruments in order to allow the progressive positioning of the maxillary teeth to the target correction position to be achieved in the second correction stage.
  • the curvature of the upper palatal arch 2 connected to the shell-shaped body 1 for accommodating maxillary teeth of the second dental instrument set is the same as that of the shell-shaped body 1 for accommodating maxillary teeth of the first dental instrument set
  • the connected palatal arch 2 has different curvatures, and its curvature can be adjusted according to the needs of orthodontic treatment.
  • the The curvature arc of the first palatine arch 2 of the first shell-like body 1 is larger than the curvature arc of the first palate arch 2 applied in the first correction procedure.
  • the curvature of the first palatal arch 2 of the first shell-like body 1 applied to the second correction process The curvature is smaller than the curvature of the first palatal arch 2 applied in the first correction procedure.
  • the palatal arch 2 in the dental instrument set is also provided with a reinforcing part 3 that enhances the expansion or contraction of the palatal arch 2, and the reinforcing part 3 is protruding toward the lingual side.
  • One or more reinforcing ridges are also provided with a reinforcing part 3 that enhances the expansion or contraction of the palatal arch 2, and the reinforcing part 3 is protruding toward the lingual side.
  • One or more reinforcing ridges are also provided with a reinforcing part 3 that enhances the expansion or contraction of the palatal arch 2, and the reinforcing part 3 is protruding toward the lingual side.
  • One or more reinforcing ridges are also provided with a reinforcing part 3 that enhances the expansion or contraction of the palatal arch 2, and the reinforcing part 3 is protruding toward the lingual side.
  • One or more reinforcing ridges are also provided with a reinforcing part 3 that enhances

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  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
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Abstract

一种壳状牙科器械，包括设有多个牙齿收纳腔的壳状本体（1），壳状本体（1）设有使牙弓扩张或收缩的上腭弓（2），上腭弓（2）还设有增强上腭弓（2）扩张力或收缩力的加强部（3），加强部（3）为垂直于上腭弓（2）表面在上腭弓（2）上凸起的一个或多个加强脊，佩戴时，加强脊具有将力均匀分布在上腭弓（2）上的应力分散结构。应力分散结构在确保上腭弓（2）的扩张力或收缩力的前提下，避免了上腭弓（2）在形变时发生的应力集中问题，使得施力系统在保证了矫治舒适度的同时给牙齿或牙弓提供矫治期望的力。还包括壳状牙科器械的牙科器械套组和牙科矫治系统。

Description

壳状牙科器械、壳状牙科矫治器套组及牙科矫治系统
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有于2021年5月31日递交的中国专利申请202110602318.7和202121196833.1的优先权。它们的全部内容在此通过援引全部并入本文。
技术领域
本申请属于牙齿矫治技术领域，更确切地说涉及无托槽隐形矫治技术领域，尤其指一种壳状牙科器械、壳状牙科矫治器套组及牙科矫治系统。
背景技术
扩弓治疗是牙弓宽度不调的常见矫治方法，常见的扩弓方法有固定扩弓器扩弓，四眼簧扩弓，骑士弓扩弓，种植钉辅助扩弓，外科手术辅助扩弓等。隐形矫治器也有一定的扩弓能力，以往有研究显示将螺旋扩弓簧结合隐形矫治器进行扩弓，也取得了不错的疗效。然而，以上矫治方式大都为固定矫治采用的方式，这种方式不仅对患者口腔的损伤较大，还使患者的体验感和舒适感较差。另外，在进行上述矫治过程操作时，需要在患者使用时将扳手伸进口内装置小孔内进行扩弓操作，这大大增加了患者扩弓的不便，也容易在操作时小扳手掉入口内造成呼吸道阻塞等风险。
隐形牙齿矫治器由于其佩戴舒适可摘戴，并且美观，被越来越多的人选择，常规的隐形牙齿矫治器扩弓时，会在上颌的壳状矫治器上设计一个扩弓施力部，佩戴时，通过扩弓施力部产生弹性形变后恢复原有形状时施加在牙齿上的反作用力进行扩弓。但是，这种扩弓力度无法达到矫治需求，扩弓效果差，磨牙要依次前后扩弓，使得扩弓周期延长。为了增强扩弓力，现有技术当中会增大扩弓施力部的尺寸，例如专利文献CN211156373U一种上颌扩弓牙套。但是，这个隐形扩弓牙套较大的尺寸会让患者产生较强的异物感，使患者的佩戴舒适性大大的降低。
因此，本申请针提供了一种新的解决方案以避免现有技术中存在的上述问题。
发明内容
本申请解决的技术问题是克服现有技术存在的缺陷，提供了一种新型的具有扩弓 功能的壳状牙科器械、壳状牙科矫治器套组及牙科矫治系统。
为了实现上述目的，本申请采用的技术方案如下。
本申请部分实施例提供了一种壳状牙科器械，包括设有多个牙齿收纳腔的壳状本体，所述壳状本体设有使牙弓扩张或收缩的上腭弓，所述上腭弓还设有增强所述上腭弓扩张力或收缩力的加强部，所述加强部为垂直于所述上腭弓表面在所述上腭弓上凸起的一个或多个加强脊，佩戴时，所述加强脊具有将力均匀分布在所述上腭弓上的应力分散结构。所述应力分散结构在确保上腭弓的扩张力或收缩力的前提下，避免了所述上腭弓在形变时发生的应力集中问题，使得施力系统在保证了矫治舒适度的同时给牙齿或牙弓提供矫治期望的力。
在一个实施例中，所述应力分散结构为所述加强脊的脊高从邻近牙龈一端到所述上腭弓中线增大的结构。
在一个实施例中，所述增大为至少部分连续的增大。
在一个实施例中，所述加强脊的脊高在约0mm和3mm之间变化。
在一个实施例中，所述脊高的高度关于牙弓中线对称设置。
在一个实施例中，所述脊高的高度关于牙弓中线对称设置时，对牙弓两侧的扩张力或收缩力相等。
在一个实施例中，所述脊高的高度关于牙弓中线不对称设置。
在一个实施例中，所述脊高的高度关于牙弓中线不对称设置时，对牙弓两侧的扩张力或收缩力相等或不相等。
在一个实施例中，所述加强脊在矢状面上的截面形状为椭圆形、半圆形、多边形中的一种或上述形状的组合中的一种。
在一个实施例中，所述上腭弓的宽度约为5mm和15mm之间。
在一个实施例中，佩戴时，所述上腭弓的弧度与上腭的弯曲弧度基本吻合。
在一个实施例中，后牙区的所述牙齿收纳腔的舌侧面和/或颊侧面至少部分包覆牙龈。
在一个实施例中，所述上腭弓包括腭侧面和舌侧面，佩戴时，所述腭侧面与上腭的距离在约0mm-2mm之间。
在一个实施例中，所述上腭弓的所述腭侧面设有辅助所述上腭弓横向扩张的辅助施力部。
在一个实施例中，佩戴时，所述辅助施力部与上腭接触，所述辅助施力部挤压所 述上腭受到的反作用力通过所述上腭弓作用到后牙区的牙齿上和/或部分牙龈上。
在一个实施例中，所述上腭弓与所述壳状本体为一体结构或分体结构。
在一个实施例中，所述上腭弓与所述壳状本体一体结构时，所述上腭弓的两端分别与所述壳状本体左右两侧后牙区舌侧的龈缘处或邻近龈缘处相连接设置。
在一个实施例中，所述上腭弓与所述壳状本体分体结构时，所述上腭弓以可拆卸的方式连接在所述壳状本体后牙区的舌侧面上。
在一个实施例中，可拆卸方式为球接或卡接中的一种。
在一个实施例中，所述上腭弓与所述壳状本体分体结构时，所述上腭弓的弹性模量大于所述壳状本体的弹性模量。
在一个实施例中，所述加强部与所述上腭弓为一体结构或分体结构。
在一个实施例中，所述加强部与所述上腭弓为一体结构时，所述加强部由所述上腭弓向下颌方向凸起形成。
在一个实施例中，所述加强部为与所述上腭弓为分体结构时，所述加强部可通过粘接、铆接、焊接中的任意一种方式固定在所述壳状本体上。
在一个实施例中，所述上腭弓至少部分为多层结构。
在一个实施例中，所述加强部设置于所述多层结构最靠近舌方的一层的表面。
在一个实施例中，所述多层结构的每一层均向舌侧向凸起形成加强部。
在一个实施例中，所述多层结构的相邻两层之间设有加强丝。
在一个实施例中，所述上腭弓和/或牙齿收纳腔还设有颊舌侧方向扩张或收缩的磁体，所述磁体的磁极相同或相反。
本申请部分实施例还提供了一种壳状牙科矫治器套组，包括用于上颌的第一壳状本体和用于下颌的第二壳状本体，所述第一壳状本体为如上述中任一项所述的壳状牙科器械，所述第二壳状本体设有多个牙齿收纳腔，所述第一壳状本体和所述第二壳状本体配合使用。
本申请部分实施例还提供了一种牙科矫治系统，包括多组壳状牙科器械套组，所述多组牙科器械套组包括至少一组如上述中所述的牙科器械套组，所述多组牙科器械套组具有使牙齿从初始位置逐渐重新定位至目标矫治位置的几何形状。
在一个实施例中，所述壳状牙科器械套组中的上腭弓还设有增强所述上腭弓扩张或收缩的加强部。
在一个实施例中，所述加强部为所述上腭弓在矢状方向上凸起的一个或多个加强 脊，所述加强脊的脊高根据不同的矫治方案变化。
在一个实施例中，随着矫治过程的进行，不同壳状牙科器械套组中的加强脊的脊高的最大高度逐渐减小。
通过本申请提供的壳状牙科器械、壳状牙科矫治器套组及牙科矫治系统，能够带来的有益效果如下。
通过在所述壳状本体的上腭弓上设置的具有应力分散结构的加强部，使得在确保上腭弓的扩张力或收缩力的前提下，将应力均匀地分布在上腭弓上，避免了矫治过程中上腭弓出现的应力集中发生断裂或挤压上腭的问题。同时，所述加强部的设置使得上腭弓能够以较小的尺寸达到预期的矫治力度，确保了患者摘戴方便和佩戴舒适，还能够具有相应的矫治效果。牙科器械套组包括上颌牙齿矫治器和下颌矫治器，分别容纳上颌牙齿和下颌牙齿，能够对上下颌牙齿同时进行矫治。牙科矫治系统包括一系列的牙科器械套组，不仅能够对牙齿弓形进行调整，同时还能够对牙齿进行矫治，使得牙齿由初始位置向目标位置移动。
附图说明
下面将以明确易懂的方式，结合附图说明优选实施方式，对上述特性、技术特征、优点及其实现方式予以进一步说明。
图1为本申请壳状牙科器械的一种实施方式的示意图；
图2为图1沿A-A方向的剖视示意图；
图3A为本申请壳状牙科器械的另一种实施方式的示意图；
图3B为本申请壳状牙科器械的另一种实施方式的示意图；
图3C为本申请壳状牙科器械的另一种实施方式的示意图；
图4为本申请壳状牙科器械的另一种实施方式的示意图；
图5为本申请壳状牙科器械的另一种实施方式的示意图；
图6为本申请壳状牙科器械的另一种实施方式的示意图；
图7为本申请壳状牙科器械的另一种实施方式的示意图；
图8为本申请壳状牙科器械的另一种实施方式的横截面示意图。
具体实施方式
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对照附图说明本申请的具体实施方式。显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对 于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图，并获得其他的实施方式。
请参阅图1和图2所示，在一些实施例中，本申请提供了一种壳状牙科器械，其中，所述壳状牙科器械包括设有多个牙齿收纳腔的壳状本体1，所述牙齿收纳腔至少包裹患者的前磨牙以及磨牙，根据FDI标记法显示为4-8的牙齿。所述壳状本体1设有使牙弓横向扩张或收缩的上腭弓2，所述上腭弓2还设有增强所述上腭弓2扩张力或收缩力的加强部3，所述加强部3为垂直于所述上腭弓2表面在所述上腭弓2上凸起的一个或多个加强脊，佩戴时，所述加强脊具有将力均匀分布在所述上腭弓2上的应力分散结构。在一个例子中，所述加强部3设计在上腭弓2的舌侧面上，提高患者佩戴时的舒适度。
在一些实施例中，所述应力分散结构为所述加强脊的脊高从邻近牙龈一端到所述上腭弓中线增大的结构，加强部3可为一条或者多条加强脊。所述增大可设计为如图3A所示的一条加强脊从邻近牙龈一端到上腭弓2中线逐渐连续增大，脊高的最高位置位于上腭弓中线处，患者佩戴壳状牙科器械时，所述上腭弓中线与牙弓中线重合；所述增大也可以是部分连续增大，如图3B中上腭弓2及加强部3的简单轮廓线所示，所述加强部3可由多条加强脊构成，每一条加强脊有至少部分的脊高是从邻近牙龈一端向靠近上腭弓中线处连续增大的。
在一些实施例中，参考图4所示，所述壳状牙科器械的扩弓原理根据患者实际上颚或牙弓宽度L，根据有限元分析软件设计的上腭弓2的扩弓宽度为L1，L1大于L。图4中虚线为患者的上腭和/或牙弓简单轮廓线示意图，实线为根据矫治需求设计的上腭弓2的简单轮廓线示意图。将壳状牙科器械戴入口腔中时，上腭弓2两侧受到压缩产生形变，利用上腭弓2恢复其原有形状所释放的弹性势能，向牙弓和/或部分牙龈施加作用力F从而达到扩弓的目的。同样地，在需要缩小牙弓时，上腭弓2设计为宽度小于患者上腭或牙弓的宽度，将壳状牙科器械戴入口腔中时，上腭弓2两侧受到拉伸产生形变，利用上腭弓2恢复其原有形状所释放的弹性势能达到缩小牙弓的目的。
在一些实施例中，参考图1-图5所示，加强脊的脊高h(x)设计为使壳状牙科器械在佩戴均匀地分布的分布在加强脊上的高度。在一个例子中，在有限元分析软件中根据加强脊每处应力基本相等的条件设计加强脊向舌侧向(图2中x轴的方向)凸起不同的高度并保持加强脊的宽度b保持不变。脊高的高度可以关于牙弓中线对称设计，使得牙弓两侧受到相等扩张或收缩力度，力度大小2-5N之间，施加的力度可以是指力的水平方向向外或向内的分量，或者是一部分通过牙齿收纳腔作用于牙齿上的水平方向和/或垂直方向的分 量的力。所述脊高的高度也可以关于牙弓中线不对称设置，例如图3C中所示，所述使得牙弓两侧受到相等或不相等扩张或收缩力度，力度大小2-5N之间。不相等扩张或收缩力度可通过调整脊高的高度、上腭弓3位移量、上腭弓3的设置方式等其中的一个或多个条件进行设计，例如上腭弓3设置为与上腭接触且相互作用时，上腭施加在上腭弓3上的力使上腭弓3作用在两侧牙齿上的扩张力度不相等。通常可使用材料力学或弹性力学的原理来计算应力或脊高，例如可使用利用材料力学的原理推导出来的脊高与应力的公式
Figure PCTCN2022081043-appb-000001
在一些实施例中，根据矫治需求和考虑到患者在佩戴过程中的舒适度脊高的高度大小可设计在约0mm和3mm之间变化，脊高的高度最大值hmax可以设计在牙弓中线P-P’附近，所述牙弓中线P-P’与上腭弓中线基本重合，使加强脊的脊高形成从牙弓中线区域逐渐向两侧牙齿方向降低均匀变化的应力分散结构。或者，根据不同的患者牙弓情况或不同的矫治需求加强脊的脊高也可以部根据牙弓中线对称设计。设计均匀变化的脊高的好处在于，在确保了矫治力度的前提下，避免了矫治过程中上腭弓2由于挤压形变产生的应力集中问题。根据材料力学或弹性力学的原理，避免了应力集中会发生上腭弓2断裂或局部上腭弓2挤压上腭使患者舒适度降低等问题。
在一些实施例中，可根据不同的矫治需求需要的扩张或收缩力度设计一条或多条加强脊，最靠近前牙区的加强脊可设计为比远离前牙区的加强脊高度更低和/或宽度更小的结构，例如图1中，加强脊3c的高度和/或宽度低于加强脊3b，加强脊3b的高度和/或宽度低于加强脊3a，这样设计的目的可以减少患者的舌头与加强部3接触过程中的不适感。
在一些实施例中，参考图6所示，加强脊在矢状面上的截面形状为椭圆形、半圆形、多边形中的一种或上述形状的组合中的一种。不同截面形状的加强脊可带来不同的矫治力度，同样地，也会使患者佩戴过程中的舒适度不同。设计过程中可综合考虑矫治力度和舒适度这两个因素设计不同结构的加强脊。
在一些实施例中，所述壳状牙科器械在带入患者口腔内时，所述上腭弓2的弧度与上腭的弯曲弧度基本吻合，上腭弓2的在矢状轴上宽度约为5mm和15mm之间，使上腭弓2能够以较小的尺寸达到较大的扩张或收缩力度，在保证达到扩张牙弓或缩小牙弓的矫治要求下，减少上腭弓2在患者口腔里的异物感。
在一些实施例中，后牙区的所述牙齿收纳腔的舌侧面和/或颊侧面至少部分包覆牙龈。本申请里所说的上腭弓2的扩张力或收缩力是指用于移动牙弓、颌骨位置或诱发骨组 织改建从而刺激颌骨生长发育的矫治力，与上腭弓2连接设置的多个牙齿收纳腔和/或后牙区的其他牙齿收纳腔包裹牙龈可以使上腭弓2的扩张力或收缩力部分作用在牙龈上，直接能够诱发骨组织改建从而刺激颌骨生长发育，与将矫治力作用于牙冠，通过牙冠的移动刺激牙槽骨改建相比，本申请中的牙齿收纳腔的舌侧面和/或颊侧面至少部分包覆牙龈，矫治力对牙冠与牙槽骨同时施加作用力，从而大大提高矫治效率，达到更好的扩弓/缩弓的治疗效果。
在一些实施例中，所述上腭弓2的腭侧面可被设计为与上腭之间存在一定的距离，尤其是对应腭中线骨缝的腭侧面区域，距离大小在约0mm-2mm之间。或者所述上腭弓2的腭侧面可被设计为与上腭基本贴合的匹配结构，这里的匹配结构具体是之上腭弓2的腭侧面与患者上腭的解剖结构(凹槽、脊、谷等)匹配的结构，在这种情况下，上腭施加在上腭弓2上的反作用力也能够施加一定的扩弓力度。
在一些实施例中，参见图7所示，所述上腭弓2的所述腭侧面22设有辅助所述上腭弓2横向扩张的辅助施力部4。佩戴时，所述辅助施力部4与上腭接触，所述辅助施力部4靠近上腭的表面可被设计为与上腭基本贴合的匹配结构，这里的匹配结构具体是之上腭弓2的腭侧面与患者上腭的解剖结构(凹槽、脊、谷等)匹配的结构，在这种情况下，所述辅助施力部4挤压所述上腭受到的反作用力通过所述上腭弓2作用到后牙区的牙齿上和/或部分牙龈上实现扩弓的作用。
在一些实施例中，所述上腭弓2与所述壳状本体1为一体结构或分体结构。所述上腭弓2与所述壳状本体1一体结构时，所述上腭弓2的两端分别与所述壳状本体1左右两侧后牙区舌侧的龈缘处或邻近龈缘处相连接设置。生产加工时，可以使用热压膜技术制造，生产工艺简单适合大规模生产。当所述上腭弓2与所述壳状本体1分体结构时，所述上腭弓2以可拆卸的方式连接在所述壳状本体1后牙区的舌侧面上，可拆卸方式为球接或卡接中的一种。参见图8所示，所述上腭弓的两侧可设置球座21，其与壳状本体1的牙齿收纳腔的舌侧面/颊侧面的开口通道11附接在一起，所述开口通道11可允许所述上腭弓接合或移除所述壳状本体1。所述开口通道11的宽度d小于等于所述球座21的宽度D，所述壳状本体1设计为弹性材料，球座21可以进一步地打开开口通道11，从而扩张开口通道11的宽度d，球座21进到开口通道11达到附接位置，开口通道11恢复其原有宽度使上腭弓在使用过程中不会从壳状本体1上脱落。可代替的，所述球座除了圆形或椭圆形外，可设置为三角形、正方形、矩形或其他多边形结构。所述上腭弓2与所述壳状本体1分体结构时，所述上腭弓2的弹性模量大于所述壳状本体1的弹性模量。所述上腭弓2可由聚 合物(例如丙烯酸、热塑性材料、热固性材料等)和/或金属材料形成。
在一些实施例中，所述加强部设置与上腭弓的舌侧面21，所述加强部3与所述上腭弓2可设置为一体结构或分体结构。所述加强部3与所述上腭弓2为一体结构时，所述加强部3由所述上腭弓2向舌侧向凸起形成。所述加强部3为与所述上腭弓2为分体结构时，所述加强部3可通过粘接、铆接、焊接中的任意一种方式固定在所述壳状本体1上。
在一些实施例中，所述上腭弓2至少部分为多层结构，多层结构的设计可以增大上腭弓2的抗弯系数，从而能增大上腭弓2佩戴时释放的弹性势能，增大矫治力度。所述加强部3可设置于所述多层结构最靠近舌方的一层的表面，或者是所述多层结构的每一层均向舌侧向凸起形成加强部3。
在一些实施例中，所述多层结构的相邻两层之间设有加强丝。所述加强丝可以是符合口腔医学标准的矫治弓丝，弓丝的设置可以增大上腭弓2的整体刚度和/或抗弯系数从而加强了上腭弓2的扩张力或收缩力，所述上腭弓2和/或牙齿收纳腔还设有颊舌侧方向扩张或收缩的磁体，所述磁体的磁极相同或相反，磁体可以直接粘贴在牙齿收纳腔的外表面，或者直接粘贴在牙齿收纳腔的内表面上，磁体直接将矫治力作用与牙齿表面上。
在很多实施例中，可以使用任何合适的扫描仪对患者的牙弓(包括上腭、牙齿和至少一部分牙龈)进行数字扫描，根据生成的数字化牙弓模型设计矫治方案，所述矫治方案包括本申请中的牙科矫治系统，根据矫治方案分配矫治步骤，针对每一步的矫治需求设计壳状牙科器械，其中至少一个步骤包括本申请中的牙科器械套组。所述牙科器械套组包括第一壳状本体1和第二壳状本体1。所述第一壳状本体1为本申请中上述任意一种所述壳状牙科器械，所述第二壳状本体1的壳状本体1设置有若干容纳下颌牙齿的腔体。所述第一壳状本体1的上腭弓2上设置的加强脊可根据合适的有限元分析软件设置不同的脊高。这样子的设计可以减少患者的诊疗次数，使患者自己就能够根据矫治步骤佩戴矫治器。
本申请中的牙科矫治系统，包括多组牙科器械套组，每组牙科器械套组可佩戴0.5天－14天，所述多组牙科器械套组包括至少一组本申请实施例中所述牙科器械套组，且具有使牙齿从初始位置逐渐重新定位至目标矫治位置的几何形状，实现在弓形调整的同时进行牙齿矫治。
在一些实施例中，所述牙科矫治系统包括应用于第一矫治阶段的第一牙科器械套组和应用于第二矫治阶段的第二牙科器械套组，所述第二矫治阶段在时间上位于所述第一矫治阶段之后。
具体的，所述第二牙科器械套组的用于容纳下颌牙齿的壳状本体1与所述第一牙 科器械套组的用于容纳下颌牙齿的壳状本体1的几何形状不同，以使下颌牙齿逐渐定位到所述第二矫治阶段所要达到的目标矫治位置，实现矫治效果。
所述第二牙科器械套组的用于容纳上颌牙齿的壳状本体1与所述第一牙科器械套组的用于容纳上颌牙齿的壳状本体1的几何形状不同，以使上颌牙齿逐渐定位到所述第二矫治阶段所要达到的目标矫治位置。且所述第二牙科器械套组的用于容纳上颌牙齿的壳状本体1所连接的上腭弓2的弯曲弧度与所述第一牙科器械套组的用于容纳上颌牙齿的壳状本体1所连接的上腭弓2的弯曲弧度不同，其弯曲弧度随着矫治需求进行调整。
以图1所示的所述第一壳状本体1为例，当需要通过所述第一矫治阶段和所述第二矫治阶段达到扩弓的效果，应用于所述第二矫治过程的所述第一壳状本体1的所述第一上腭弓2的弯曲弧度大于应用于所述第一矫治过程的所述第一上腭弓2的弯曲弧度。
当需要通过所述第一矫治阶段和所述第二矫治阶段达到缩弓的效果，应用于所述第二矫治过程的所述第一壳状本体1的所述第一上腭弓2的弯曲弧度小于应用于所述第一矫治过程的所述第一上腭弓2的弯曲弧度。
本申请一些实施例中，所述牙科器械套组中的上腭弓2还设有增强所述上腭弓2扩张或收缩的加强部3，所述加强部3为向舌侧向凸起的一个或多个加强脊，随着矫治过程的进行，不同牙科器械套组中的加强脊的脊高逐渐减小，随着矫治过程的进行，扩弓或缩弓达到一定程度时，仅需要对扩弓或缩弓的结果进行状态维持即可，因此可根据矫治过程的需要进行加强脊脊高的调整。
应当说明的是，上述实施例均可根据需要自由组合。以上所述仅是本申请的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本申请原理的前提下，还可以作出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本申请的保护范围。

Claims (33)

  1. 一种壳状牙科器械，包括设有多个牙齿收纳腔的壳状本体，其特征在于，所述壳状本体设有使牙弓扩张或收缩的上腭弓，所述上腭弓还设有增强所述上腭弓扩张力或收缩力的加强部，所述加强部为垂直于所述上腭弓表面在所述上腭弓上凸起的一个或多个加强脊，佩戴时，所述加强脊具有将力均匀分布在所述上腭弓上的应力分散结构。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的壳状牙科器械，其特征在于，所述应力分散结构为所述加强脊的脊高从邻近牙龈一端到所述上腭弓中线增大的结构。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的壳状牙科器械，其特征在于，所述增大为至少部分连续增大。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的壳状牙科器械，其特征在于，所述加强脊的脊高在0mm和3mm之间变化。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的壳状牙科器械，其特征在于，所述脊高的高度关于牙弓中线对称设置。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的壳状牙科器械，其特征在于，所述脊高的高度关于牙弓中线对称设置时，对牙弓两侧的扩张力或收缩力相等。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的壳状牙科器械，其特征在于，所述脊高的高度关于牙弓中线不对称设置。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的壳状牙科器械，其特征在于，所述脊高的高度关于牙弓中线不对称设置时，对牙弓两侧的扩张力或收缩力相等或不相等。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的壳状牙科器械，其特征在于，所述加强脊在矢状面上的截面形状为椭圆形、半圆形、多边形中的一种或上述形状的组合中的一种。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的壳状牙科器械，其特征在于，所述上腭弓的宽度为5mm和15mm之间。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的壳状牙科器械，其特征在于，佩戴时，所述上腭弓的弧度与上腭的弯曲弧度基本吻合。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的壳状牙科器械，其特征在于，后牙区的所述牙齿收纳腔的舌侧面和/或颊侧面至少部分包覆牙龈。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的壳状牙科器械，其特征在于，所述上腭弓包括腭侧面和舌侧面，佩戴时，所述腭侧面与上腭的距离在0mm-2mm之间。
  14. 根据权利要求1或13所述的壳状牙科器械，其特征在于，所述上腭弓的腭侧面 设有辅助所述上腭弓扩张的辅助施力部。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的壳状牙科器械，其特征在于，佩戴时，所述辅助施力部与上腭接触，所述辅助施力部挤压所述上腭受到的反作用力通过所述上腭弓作用到后牙区的牙齿上和/或部分牙龈上。
  16. 根据权利要求1或15所述的壳状牙科器械，其特征在于，所述上腭弓与所述壳状本体为一体结构或分体结构。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的壳状牙科器械，其特征在于，所述上腭弓与所述壳状本体为一体结构时，所述上腭弓的两端分别与所述壳状本体左右两侧后牙区舌侧的龈缘处或邻近龈缘处相连接设置。
  18. 根据权利要求16所述的壳状牙科器械，其特征在于，所述上腭弓与所述壳状本体为分体结构时，所述上腭弓以可拆卸的方式连接在所述壳状本体后牙区的舌侧面上。
  19. 根据权利要求17所述的壳状牙科器械，其特征在于，可拆卸方式为球接或卡接中的一种。
  20. 根据权利要求16所述的壳状牙科器械，其特征在于，所述上腭弓与所述壳状本体为分体结构时，所述上腭弓的弹性模量大于所述壳状本体的弹性模量。
  21. 根据权利要求1所述的壳状牙科器械，其特征在于，所述加强部与所述上腭弓为一体结构或分体结构。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的壳状牙科器械，其特征在于，所述加强部与所述上腭弓为一体结构时，所述加强部由所述上腭弓向下颌方向凸起形成。
  23. 根据权利要求21所述的壳状牙科器械，其特征在于，所述加强部为与所述上腭弓为分体结构时，所述加强部可通过粘接、铆接、焊接、卡接中的任意一种方式固定在所述壳状本体上。
  24. 根据权利要求1所述的壳状牙科器械，其特征在于，所述上腭弓至少部分为多层结构。
  25. 根据权利要求24所述的壳状牙科器械，其特征在于，所述加强部设置于所述多层结构最靠近舌方的一层的表面。
  26. 根据权利要求24所述的壳状牙科器械，其特征在于，所述多层结构的每一层均向舌侧向凸起形成加强部。
  27. 根据权利要求24所述的壳状牙科器械，其特征在于，所述多层结构的相邻两层之间设有加强丝。
  28. 根据权利要求1所述的壳状牙科器械，其特征在于，所述上腭弓和/或牙齿收纳腔 还设有颊舌侧方向扩张或收缩的磁体，所述磁体的磁极相同或相反。
  29. 一种壳状牙科矫治器套组，包括用于上颌的第一壳状本体和用于下颌的第二壳状本体，其特征在于，所述第一壳状本体为权利要求1-28中任一项所述的壳状牙科器械，所述第二壳状本体设有多个牙齿收纳腔，所述第一壳状本体和所述第二壳状本体配合使用。
  30. 一种牙科矫治系统，包括多组壳状牙科器械套组，其特征在于，所述多组牙科器械套组包括至少一组如权利要求29中所述的牙科器械套组，所述多组牙科器械套组具有使牙齿从初始位置逐渐重新定位至目标矫治位置的几何形状。
  31. 根据权利要求30所述的牙科矫治系统，其特征在于，所述壳状牙科器械套组中的上腭弓还设有增强所述上腭弓扩张或收缩的加强部。
  32. 根据权利要求31所述的牙科矫治系统，其特征在于，所述加强部为所述上腭弓在矢状方向上凸起的一个或多个加强脊，所述加强脊的脊高根据不同的矫治方案变化。
  33. 根据权利要求32所述的牙科矫治系统，其特征在于，随着矫治过程的进行，不同壳状牙科器械套组中的加强脊的脊高的最大高度逐渐减小。
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