WO2022252532A1 - 可通过光纤植入光学传感器的锂离子电池及制作方法 - Google Patents

可通过光纤植入光学传感器的锂离子电池及制作方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022252532A1
WO2022252532A1 PCT/CN2021/135888 CN2021135888W WO2022252532A1 WO 2022252532 A1 WO2022252532 A1 WO 2022252532A1 CN 2021135888 W CN2021135888 W CN 2021135888W WO 2022252532 A1 WO2022252532 A1 WO 2022252532A1
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Prior art keywords
battery
optical fiber
ion battery
sensing element
aluminum
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PCT/CN2021/135888
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
何赛灵
林华冠
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Zhejiang University
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Zhejiang University
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Priority to US17/546,312 priority Critical patent/US20220102752A1/en
Publication of WO2022252532A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022252532A1/zh
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/268—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light using optical fibres
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/362—Composites
    • H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/105—Pouches or flexible bags
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/172—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing
    • H01M50/174—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing adapted for the shape of the cells
    • H01M50/178—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing adapted for the shape of the cells for pouch or flexible bag cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/183—Sealing members
    • H01M50/186—Sealing members characterised by the disposition of the sealing members
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of battery sensing, in particular to a lithium-ion battery that can be implanted into an optical sensor through an optical fiber and a manufacturing method.
  • lithium-ion batteries With the development of the new energy industry, the industrial scale of lithium-ion batteries has also grown rapidly, and the capacity and energy density have been continuously improved. At the same time, the safety of lithium-ion batteries has attracted special attention.
  • packaging methods for lithium-ion batteries commonly used in the market namely, soft-pack batteries packaged in aluminum-plastic film, cylindrical batteries and square batteries packaged in hard metal shells such as steel or aluminum shells.
  • the chemical state and thermal state are constantly changing, including the migration and conversion of lithiated compounds, internal temperature, pressure, and safe states such as different gas types and concentrations generated by electrolyte decomposition during thermal runaway. Effective monitoring of these parameters helps to judge the working status and health status of lithium-ion batteries.
  • fiber optic sensors have many advantages such as compact structure, anti-electromagnetic interference, long life, and high sensitivity, and can effectively characterize the state of many of the above parameters of the battery.
  • most fiber optic sensors need to be placed in the internal environment of the battery to effectively perform the sensing effect.
  • the module is composed of 4 cells connected in series, and a flexible circuit board (FPC) is used to monitor the voltage of the cells when the module is working. and temperature.
  • the FPC is located on the top cover of the module.
  • the defect of this module is the inauthenticity and delay of temperature data.
  • the temperature inside the cell will be higher than the surface temperature of the cell and the temperature of the module. Therefore, the temperature monitored by the FPC on the upper cover of the module cannot truly reflect the actual temperature of the cell, and the temperature data is not reliable.
  • heat transfer takes time. When the temperature inside the cell is close to the dangerous temperature, the temperature of the upper cover of the template may still be at the temperature safety line, so the temperature data has a delay and there are potential safety hazards.
  • one or two single-mode fibers with fiber Bragg gratings are implanted in the negative electrode of lithium-ion batteries, and epoxy The resin glue seals the pores.
  • the FBG is used to monitor temperature changes inside the battery and possible changes in air pressure.
  • this sensing method changes the original structure of the battery, which may affect the service life of the battery.
  • the electrolyte solution in lithium-ion batteries will lose its effectiveness when it encounters moisture in the air, and a layer of dense metal oxide in the metal casing of lithium-ion batteries can well isolate moisture in the air, and the drill holes can be broken to a certain extent.
  • the use of polymer glue for sealing and water isolation does not necessarily guarantee stability and durability, which affects the service life of the battery to a certain extent.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a lithium ion battery that can be implanted into an optical sensor through an optical fiber and a manufacturing method thereof.
  • An optical sensing element is implanted inside.
  • a soft pack lithium ion battery that can be implanted into an optical sensor through an optical fiber, a packaging film, an electric core, a sensing element and a transmission optical fiber;
  • the packaging film is the packaging material of the soft pack battery;
  • the electric core is located on the packaging film Inside, a positive pole ear and a negative pole ear are provided; the positive pole ear is used to lead out the positive pole of the battery cell, and the negative pole ear is used to lead out the negative pole of the battery core; a layer of positive pole ear glue is pasted on the positive pole ear, A layer of negative ear glue is pasted on the negative ear; the positive ear glue and the negative ear glue are in contact with the edge of the packaging film for sealing the positive ear and the negative ear;
  • the sensing element is a device based on the principle of optical sensing, which is used to monitor the changes of the parameters to be measured inside the pouch lithium-ion battery; the sensing element is arranged on the surface of the electric core; the transmission optical fiber
  • the sensing element is a small photoacoustic cell based on gas photoacoustic spectroscopy technology; or a small cavity-enhanced gas chamber or multipass cell based on absorption spectroscopy technology; or a section of optical fiber or optical waveguide chip into which gas can diffuse
  • the parameters to be measured inside the monitored lithium-ion battery include one or more of the following: the migration and transformation of lithium compounds, the internal temperature of the lithium-ion battery, the internal pressure of the battery, and the different gas species generated by the decomposition of the electrolyte when the lithium-ion battery is thermally runaway and concentration.
  • One of the optical fibers of the transmission fiber has been tapered; the surface of the tapered transmission optical fiber is also coated with a layer of polymer glue, and the polymer glue is used for thermal packaging of the soft-pack lithium ion battery.
  • the heat-sealing layer in the packaging material is melted and bonded together to realize the sealing of the soft-packed lithium-ion battery at the position of the transmission optical fiber.
  • the detection light emitted by the built-in or external light source of the demodulation module passes through the transmission fiber to the sensing element, and the returned signal light returns to the demodulation module through the transmission fiber to be analyzed and processed.
  • the detection light emitted by the built-in or external light source of the demodulation module passes through the first transmission fiber to the sensing element, and the signal light returns to the demodulation module through the second transmission fiber to be analyzed and processed.
  • a method for making the soft-packed lithium-ion battery comprising: providing an aluminum-plastic film, an electric core, a sensing element, and a transmission fiber; There is a positive ear glue, and a negative ear glue is pasted on the negative ear; the sensing element is connected to one end of the transmission fiber; the middle section of the transmission fiber is tapered and coated with a layer of polymer glue, the other end of the transmission optical fiber has an optical fiber connector; a pit that can be placed in the electric core is pressed out on the aluminum-plastic film, and then an aluminum-plastic film with a pit is obtained by cutting; The electric core is placed in the pit of the aluminum-plastic film, a part of the two tabs of the electric core is exposed outside the aluminum-plastic film, the positive ear glue and the negative ear glue are connected with the aluminum The edges of the plastic film are in contact; the sensing element is placed in the aluminum-plastic film, the sensing element is connected to one end of the transmission fiber, and the sensing element is fixed on the On the electric core,
  • a hard-shell lithium-ion battery that can be implanted into an optical sensor through an optical fiber, comprising: a battery case, a battery upper cover, a battery cell, a sensing element, and a transmission fiber; the inner bottom of the battery case is provided with a layer of insulating cushion for Prevent the bottom of the cell from directly contacting the battery casing, causing a short circuit; the cell is located inside the battery casing, with positive and negative tabs, and the bottom is in contact with the insulating pad;
  • the positive pole ear is used to lead out the positive pole of the battery cell, and is connected to the positive terminal of the battery cover;
  • the negative pole ear is used to lead out the negative pole of the battery cell, and is connected to the negative terminal of the battery cover.
  • the upper cover of the battery is provided with a vent hole, a positive terminal, a negative terminal and a decompression exhaust area;
  • the vent hole is a millimeter-scale through hole, which is used for the first time the battery After charging and activating, the gas generated inside the hard-shell lithium-ion battery is discharged;
  • the positive terminal and the positive tab are in direct contact with the battery upper cover, and the negative terminal and the negative tab are in contact with the upper cover of the battery.
  • the cover is isolated by an insulating layer; the decompression exhaust area is used to discharge gas when the internal pressure of the hard-shell lithium-ion battery is too high; the sensing element is an optical sensor based on the principle of optical sensing. It is used to monitor the changes of the parameters to be measured inside the hard-shell lithium-ion battery.
  • the sensing element is a small photoacoustic cell based on gas photoacoustic spectroscopy technology; or a small cavity-enhanced gas chamber or multiple or an optical fiber or an optical waveguide chip in which a section of gas can diffuse into; the sensing element is arranged on the surface of the electric core; the number of the transmission optical fiber is one or more, and at least one is used for The detection light is transmitted to the sensing element, and at least one signal light is used to transmit the signal light containing the parameter information to be measured and output to the demodulation module; the transmission optical fibers for the detection light and the signal light are the same or different.
  • the battery casing is a square hard-shell container without a top cover, and the material includes steel or aluminum; the battery top cover is made of a steel material plate or an aluminum material plate, which is connected to the battery casing by laser welding. connected to achieve sealing; the vent hole is sealed by laser welding after completing the exhaust function; the decompression exhaust area is an aluminum material area with a thickness smaller than the battery upper cover.
  • the transmission optical fiber is a single-mode optical fiber with a metal coating, which is connected to the sensing element inside the hard-shell lithium-ion battery through a small hole reserved on the battery cover, and then realized by laser welding Sealing at small holes.
  • the implanted optical sensor is small in size, high in precision and anti-electromagnetic interference, and can effectively monitor the parameters of lithium-ion batteries; according to the parameters to be monitored, the number of optical sensors can be multiple or one sensor integrating multiple sensing functions
  • the number of chips and transmission optical fibers can be one or more; the transmission optical fibers can effectively realize the sealing of soft-pack batteries or hard-shell batteries by coating polymer glue or metal plating, ensuring the service life of the batteries.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a soft-pack lithium-ion battery that can be implanted with an optical sensor through an optical fiber according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the positions of the aluminum-plastic film and the transmission optical fiber in a soft-packed lithium-ion battery that can be implanted with an optical sensor through an optical fiber according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a manufacturing method of a soft-pack lithium-ion battery that can be implanted with an optical sensor through an optical fiber according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a hard-shell lithium-ion battery that can be implanted into an optical sensor through an optical fiber according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the battery cell 2 is placed inside the packaging film 1, the battery cell 2 is provided with a positive electrode ear 3 and a negative electrode ear 5, a layer of positive electrode ear glue 4 is attached to the positive electrode ear 3, and a layer of negative electrode ear is attached to the negative electrode ear 5. glue6.
  • the sensing element 7 is arranged on the upper surface of the electric core, the sensing element 7 is connected with one end of the transmission fiber 8, and the other end of the transmission fiber 8 is provided with a first optical fiber connector 9.
  • a matching second optical fiber connector 11 is provided on the end of the transmission optical fiber of the demodulation module 10 .
  • the packaging film is a packaging material for a soft-pack lithium-ion battery.
  • it may be a commercial aluminum-plastic film material, which generally has a three-layer structure: a nylon layer, an aluminum foil layer and a heat-sealing layer, and the layers are pressed and bonded by an adhesive auxiliary agent.
  • the thickness of the aluminum-plastic film may be one of 88 microns, 113 microns, and 153 microns.
  • the electric core has two manufacturing methods: winding type and laminated type.
  • the battery cell may be a wound battery cell or a stacked battery cell.
  • Both the positive tab and the negative tab are made of conductive metal material, the positive tab is used to lead out the positive pole of the cell, and the negative tab is used to lead out the negative pole of the cell.
  • the positive tab may be made of aluminum, and the negative tab may be made of nickel.
  • the tab glue is a layer of polymer glue, which is melted and bonded together with the heat-sealing layer in the aluminum-plastic film when the soft-packed lithium-ion battery is heat-packed, so as to realize the sealing of the positive and negative tabs of the soft-packed lithium-ion battery. seal.
  • the ear glue can be a commercial ear glue material, and the thickness can be 30 microns.
  • the sensing element is an optical sensor based on the principle of optical sensing, which is used to monitor the changes of the parameters to be measured during the use of the soft-pack lithium-ion battery.
  • the sensing element can be a small photoacoustic cell or a quartz tuning fork based on gas photoacoustic spectroscopy, or a small cavity-enhanced gas chamber or multipass cell based on absorption spectroscopy, or a A section of special optical fiber or optical waveguide chip that can diffuse gas into it;
  • the parameters to be measured can be the migration and transformation of lithium compounds, the internal temperature of the battery, the internal pressure of the battery or the different gas types and concentrations produced by the decomposition of electrolytes during thermal runaway.
  • the transmission optical fiber is used to transmit the detection light to the sensing element inside the soft-pack lithium-ion battery, and output the signal light containing the specified parameter information to be measured to the demodulation module.
  • the signal light may be reflected light or transmitted light; the number of transmission optical fibers may be one or multiple. In other implementation manners, according to the number of parameters to be monitored that need to be monitored, the number of the transmission optical fibers may be other suitable numbers.
  • the optical fiber connector is used to connect two transmission optical fibers.
  • the optical fiber connector is used to connect the transmission optical fiber of the demodulation module and one transmission optical fiber of the sensing element.
  • the optical fiber connector may be an FC type optical fiber connector.
  • the optical coupling manner of the two transmission optical fibers may be other optical coupling manners, and is not limited to an optical fiber connector.
  • the demodulation module is used to provide the detection light required by the sensing element, and receive and analyze the returned signal light.
  • the number of the transmission optical fiber is one. Specifically, the detection light emitted by the light source built in the demodulation module passes through the transmission optical fiber to the sensing element, and the returned signal The light returns to the demodulation module through the transmission fiber for analysis and processing; optionally, in another implementation of this embodiment, the number of the transmission fiber is two, specifically, the demodulation module The detection light emitted by the light source built in the modulation module passes through the first transmission fiber to the sensing element, and the signal light returns to the demodulation module through the second transmission fiber to be analyzed and processed. In other implementation manners of this embodiment, the light source may be outside the demodulation module instead of being built into the demodulation module.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the positions of the aluminum-plastic film and the transmission optical fiber in a soft-packed lithium-ion battery that can be implanted with an optical sensor through an optical fiber according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the aluminum-plastic film includes a nylon layer 15 , an aluminum layer 16 and a heat-sealing layer 17 .
  • the transmission fiber includes a core layer 12 and a cladding layer 13 .
  • a section of transmission optical fiber located at the edge of the aluminum-plastic film has been tapered, and its cladding diameter is smaller than the original cladding diameter, and then a layer of polymer glue 14 is coated on this section of transmission optical fiber.
  • the nylon layer is responsible for maintaining the flatness and stability of the entire aluminum-plastic film structure
  • the aluminum foil layer is responsible for isolating moisture in the external air
  • the heat-sealing layer is responsible for sealing and sealing the edges of the entire soft-pack lithium-ion battery. Prevent electrolyte leakage.
  • the heat-sealing layer may be polypropylene material.
  • the thickness of the aluminum-plastic film is 153 microns.
  • the transmission optical fiber may be a commercial single-mode optical fiber with a core diameter of 9 microns and a cladding diameter of 125 microns.
  • the diameter of the core layer of a section of the transmission optical fiber that has been tapered is 9 microns
  • the cladding diameter may be 40 microns.
  • the soft-pack lithium-ion battery When the soft-pack lithium-ion battery is heat-packed, a layer of polymer glue coated on the tapered transmission optical fiber is used to melt and bond with the heat-sealing layer in the aluminum-plastic film to realize the soft-pack lithium-ion battery Sealing at the location of the delivery fiber.
  • the thickness of the polymer glue may be 20 microns.
  • FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a manufacturing method of a pouch lithium-ion battery that can be implanted with an optical sensor through an optical fiber according to an embodiment of the present invention, which has six steps (1)-(6).
  • step (1) of Figure 3 it is a schematic diagram of punching a pit on an aluminum-plastic film, that is, a pit that can be placed in a battery cell is pressed out on a flat aluminum-plastic film by a stamping die, and then a pit is obtained by cutting.
  • the size of the stamping die is close to the size of the cells to be placed.
  • the number of pits may be two.
  • step (2) of Figure 3 it is a schematic diagram of the front view and the top view of the aluminum-plastic film after the battery is placed.
  • the size of the pit on the aluminum-plastic film is slightly larger than the size of the battery cell, and a part of the two tabs of the battery core is exposed to the outside air, and the two tabs are in contact with the edge of the aluminum-plastic film.
  • step (3) of Figure 3 it is a top view of the aluminum-plastic film after the sensing element is placed.
  • the sensing element is located on the upper surface of the cell, which can be fixed on the cell by adhesive tape, etc., one end of the transmission fiber is connected to the sensing element, and the other end has an optical fiber connector and is exposed outside the aluminum-plastic film.
  • a section of transmission fiber coated with polymer glue is in contact with the edge of the aluminum-plastic film.
  • step (4) of Figure 3 it is a schematic diagram of the front view and the top view of the aluminum-plastic film after the aluminum-plastic film is folded along the fold line.
  • the edge of the aluminum-plastic film on the upper layer after being folded in half is sequentially in contact with a section of transmission optical fiber coated with polymer glue, positive ear glue and negative ear glue.
  • step (5) of Figure 3 it is a schematic diagram of the steps of left sealing, top sealing, liquid injection and right sealing.
  • the left side sealing and top sealing are carried out in the top side sealing machine.
  • the upper head and the lower head with a certain temperature are closed and pressed on the left side of the aluminum-plastic film, so that the aluminum-plastic film
  • the heat-sealing layer and the polymer glue coated on the transmission optical fiber are melted and bonded to realize the left side sealing of the aluminum-plastic film;
  • top sealing the upper and lower heads with a certain temperature are closed and pressed against the aluminum-plastic film.
  • the heat-sealing layer in the aluminum-plastic film and the positive ear glue and the negative ear glue are melted and bonded to realize the sealing of the upper side of the aluminum-plastic film.
  • the liquid injection is carried out in a dry room.
  • the electrolyte solution is injected into the aluminum-plastic film from the remaining right opening, and then the opening is sealed, which is recorded as the right seal.
  • the implementation of the right seal is the same as that of the left seal. .
  • step (6) in Figure 3 it is a schematic diagram of the second seal on the right.
  • the generated gas can be filled on the right side of the aluminum-plastic film by extrusion, etc., and the gas can be discharged by pumping, and then the excess gas on the right side can be discharged. Cut off the aluminum-plastic film, and finally seal it again, which is recorded as the two seals on the right side, and the implementation method of the two seals on the right side is the same as that on the left side.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a hard-shell lithium-ion battery that can be implanted with an optical sensor through an optical fiber according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a hard-shell lithium-ion battery that can be implanted into an optical sensor through an optical fiber includes a battery case 18 , a battery cover 19 , a cell 2 , a sensing element 7 and a transmission fiber 8 .
  • a layer of insulating cushion 24 at the inner bottom of the battery case 18, and the battery cover 19 is provided with a vent hole 20, a positive terminal 21, a negative terminal 22 and a decompression exhaust area 23; the battery cell 2 is placed in the battery case 18, the bottom of the cell is in contact with the insulating pad, and the positive tab 3 and the negative tab 4 on the cell 2 are respectively connected to the positive terminal 21 and the negative terminal 22 of the battery cover.
  • the sensing element 7 is connected to one end of the transmission fiber 8 , and the other end of the transmission fiber 8 is provided with a first fiber optic connector 9 . As shown in FIG. 4 , the end of the transmission fiber of the demodulation module 10 is provided with a matching second fiber optic connector 11 .
  • the battery casing is a square-shaped hard shell container without an upper cover, which may be a steel hard shell or an aluminum hard shell.
  • the battery case may be a hard case made of aluminum material with a thickness of 2 mm.
  • the insulating cushion layer is used to prevent the bottom of the cell from directly contacting the battery casing, causing a short circuit.
  • the insulating underlayer may be a layer of polymer material with a thickness of 50 microns.
  • the battery upper cover can be a steel plate or an aluminum plate, and can be connected with the battery case by laser welding to realize sealing.
  • the upper cover of the battery may be an aluminum plate with a thickness of 2 mm.
  • the vent hole is a millimeter-scale through hole, which is responsible for discharging the gas generated inside the hard-shell lithium-ion battery after the first charging and activation of the battery, and then sealing the vent hole by laser welding;
  • the positive terminal and the positive tab are in direct contact with the battery cover, and the negative terminal and the negative tab are isolated from the battery cover by an insulating layer.
  • the The insulating layer can be a polymer material; the decompression exhaust area is used for when the internal pressure of the hard-shell lithium-ion battery is too high, and the exhaust gas prevents dangerous events such as explosion of the battery.
  • the decompression exhaust area can be An area of aluminum material that is less thick than the top cover of the battery.
  • the transmission optical fiber is a single-mode optical fiber with a metal coating, and is connected to the sensor sensor inside the hard-shell lithium-ion battery by passing through a small hole reserved on the upper cover of the battery. The components are then sealed by laser welding at the small holes.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明公开一种可通过光纤植入光学传感器的锂离子电池及制作方法。其中，一种可通过光纤植入光学传感器的软包锂离子电池，包括：包装膜、电芯、传感元件和传输光纤；一种可通过光纤植入光学传感器的硬壳锂离子电池，包括：电池外壳、电池上盖、电芯、传感元件和传输光纤。本发明提供的技术方案能够实现对锂离子电池的使用过程中的多参数监控，且能有效保证锂离子电池的密封性和使用寿命。

Description

可通过光纤植入光学传感器的锂离子电池及制作方法 技术领域
本发明涉及电池传感技术领域，尤其涉及一种可通过光纤植入光学传感器的锂离子电池及制作方法。
背景技术
随着新能源行业的发展，锂离子电池的产业规模也迅速增长，并不断地提高电容量和能量密度，与此同时，锂离子电池的安全问题引起了格外注意。目前，市面上常用的锂离子电池有三种包装方式，分别是采用铝塑膜包装的软包电池和采用钢壳或铝壳等硬金属外壳包装的圆柱性电池以及方型电池。锂离子电池使用过程中，化学状态和热状态在不断地变化，包括锂化物的迁移和转化、内部温度、压力，还包括热失控时电解质分解产生的不同气体种类及浓度等安全状态。对于这些参数的有效监测有助于判断锂离子电池的工作状态和健康状态。此外，在多种电池传感方案中，光纤型传感器具有结构小巧、抗电磁干扰、寿命长、灵敏度高等诸多优点，能有效表征电池的上述诸多参数状态。然而大多数光纤传感器需要置于电池内部环境中才能有效发挥传感效果。
在一种现有的应用于新能源汽车动力电池包的方型锂离子电池模组中，模组由4个电芯串联组成，采用柔性电路板(FPC)监测模组工作时电芯的电压和温度。FPC位于模组的上盖。这种模组的缺陷在于温度数据的不真实性和延时性。根据热传导原理，电芯内部的温度会高于电芯表面温度以及模组温度，故而位于模组上盖的FPC监测的温度并不能真实反映出电芯的实际温度，温度数据并不可靠。其次，热量的传递需要时间，当电芯内部的温度已经接 近危险温度时，模板上盖的温度可能还是处于温度安全线，所以温度数据具有延时性，存在着安全隐患。
另外一种现有的圆柱型锂离子电池光纤光栅传感方案中，通过在锂离子电池负极钻孔植入一根或两根带有光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)的单模光纤，并采用环氧树脂胶密闭小孔。FBG用于监测电池内部的温度变化以及可能会出现的气压变化。但是，这种传感方式改变了电池的原有结构，可能会影响到电池的使用寿命。锂离子电池中的电解质液遇到空气中的水分就会失去效用，而锂离子电池金属外壳中的一层致密的金属氧化物能够很好地隔绝空气中的水分，钻孔在一定程度上破环了这层金属氧化物结构，而采用聚合物胶进行密闭以及隔水的效果并不一定能保证稳定性和持久性，这在一定程度上影响到了电池的使用寿命。
发明内容
鉴于现有技术存在的缺陷，本发明的目的是提供一种可通过光纤植入光学传感器的锂离子电池及制作方法，在保证锂离子电池性能和密闭性的前提下，通过光纤在锂离子电池内部植入一个光学传感元件。
一种可通过光纤植入光学传感器的软包锂离子电池，包装膜、电芯、传感元件和传输光纤；所述包装膜是软包电池的封装材料；所述电芯位于所述包装膜内部，设有正极耳和负极耳；所述正极耳用于引出所述电芯的正极，所述负极耳用于引出所述电芯的负极；所述正极耳上贴有一层正极耳胶，所述负极耳上贴有一层负极耳胶；所述正极耳胶和负极耳胶，与所述包装膜边缘相接触，用于实现所述正极耳处和所述负极耳处的密封；所述传感元件是一种基于光学传感原理的器件，用于监控软包锂离子电池内部的待测参数的 变化情况；所述传感元件安置在所述电芯的表面上；所述传输光纤的数量为一条或者多条，至少有一条用于传输探测光到所述传感元件，至少有一条用于传输包含待测参数信息的信号光输出到解调模块中；传输探测光和信号光的传输光纤为同一条或者非同一条。
所述传感元件是基于气体光声光谱技术的小型光声池；或者是基于吸收光谱技术的小型的腔增强气室或多通池；或者是一段气体能扩散进内的光纤或光波导芯片；监控的锂离子电池内部的待测参数包括以下的一种或者多种：锂化物的迁移和转化、锂离子电池内部温度、电池内部压力以及锂离子电池热失控时电解质分解产生的不同气体种类及浓度。
所述传输光纤的其中一段光纤经过拉锥处理；拉锥后的一段传输光纤的表面还涂覆有一层聚合物胶，所述聚合物胶用于在软包锂离子电池热封装时，与所述封装材料中的热封层一同熔化并黏结，实现软包锂离子电池在所述传输光纤位置处的密封。
所述解调模块内置或者外部的光源发出的探测光经过传输光纤到传感元件，返回的信号光再通过该传输光纤回到所述解调模块中被分析处理。
所述解调模块内置的或者外部的光源发出的探测光经过第一条传输光纤到所述传感元件，信号光再通过第二条传输光纤回到所述解调模块中被分析处理。
一种所述的软包锂离子电池的制作方法，包括：提供铝塑膜、电芯、传感元件和传输光纤；所述电芯上带有正极耳和负极耳，所述正极耳上贴有正极耳胶，所述负极耳上贴有负极耳胶；所述传感元件与所述传输光纤的一端相连接；所述传输光纤的中间一段光纤经过拉锥处理并涂覆有一层聚合物胶， 所述传输光纤另一端带有光纤连接器；在所述铝塑膜上压出一个能够放入所述电芯的坑，再经过裁剪得到一张带有一个坑的铝塑膜；在所述铝塑膜的坑中放入所述电芯，所述电芯的两个极耳的一部分裸露在所述铝塑膜外部，所述正极耳胶和所述负极耳胶与所述铝塑膜的边缘相接触；在所述铝塑膜中放入所述传感元件，所述传感元件与所述传输光纤的一端相连接，所述传感元件通过粘胶带等方式固定在所述电芯上，所述传输光纤的涂覆有聚合物胶的一段光纤与所述铝塑膜边缘相接触；将所述铝塑膜沿对折线折叠，使得折叠后的位于上层的铝塑膜的边缘依次与所述涂覆有聚合物胶的一段传输光纤、所述正极耳胶和所述负极耳胶相接触；将包含所述电芯、传感元件和传输光纤的所述铝塑膜置于顶侧封机中进行左侧封和顶封，在所述铝塑膜的右侧开口处注入电解质液，随后进行右侧封；在电芯首次充电激活结束后，通过挤压方式将生成的气体挤入到所述铝塑膜的右侧区域，随后排气并剪去多余的铝塑膜，再进行一次右侧封。
一种可通过光纤植入光学传感器的硬壳锂离子电池，包括：电池外壳、电池上盖、电芯、传感元件和传输光纤；所述电池外壳内底部设有一层绝缘垫层，用于防止电芯底部与电池外壳直接接触，造成短路；所述电芯位于所述电池外壳内部，带有正极耳和负极耳，底部与所述绝缘垫层相接触；
所述正极耳用于引出所述电芯的正极，与所述电池上盖的正接线柱相连接；所述负极耳用于引出所述电芯的负极，与所述电池上盖的负接线柱相连接；所述电池上盖上设置有通气孔、正接线柱、负接线柱和减压排气区；所述通气孔是一种毫米量级的通孔，用于在电池第一次充电激活结束后，排出硬壳锂离子电池内部生成的气体；所述正接线柱和所述正极耳与所述电池上 盖直接接触，所述负接线柱和所述负极耳与所述电池上盖通过一层绝缘层实现隔离；所述减压排气区用于在硬壳锂离子电池内部压力过大时，排出气体；所述传感元件是一种基于光学传感原理的光学传感器，用于监控硬壳锂离子电池内部的待测参数的变化情况，所述传感元件是基于气体光声光谱技术的小型光声池；或者是基于吸收光谱技术的小型的腔增强气室或多通池；或者是一段气体能扩散进内的光纤或光波导芯片；所述传感元件安置在所述电芯的表面上；所述传输光纤的数量为一条或者多条，至少有一条用于传输探测光到所述传感元件，至少有一条用于传输包含待测参数信息的信号光输出到解调模块中；传输探测光和信号光的传输光纤为同一条或者非同一条。
所述电池外壳是一种不带有上盖的方型硬壳容器，材料包括钢或者铝；所述电池上盖采用钢材料板或者铝材料板，通过激光焊接的方式与所述电池外壳相连接，实现密封；所述通气孔在完成排气功能后，通过激光焊接的方式密封；所述减压排气区是一种厚度小于电池上盖的铝材料区域。
所述传输光纤为具有金属镀层的单模光纤，通过穿过在所述电池上盖上预留的小孔连接到硬壳锂离子电池内部的所述传感元件，之后通过激光焊接的方式实现小孔处的密封。
本发明的有益效果：
植入的光学传感器尺寸小、精度高且抗电磁干扰，能有效完成锂离子电池参数的监控；根据所要监控的参数，光学传感器的数量可以是多个或集成多种传感功能的一个传感芯片，传输光纤的数量可以是一条或多条；传输光纤通过涂覆聚合物胶或镀金属镀层的方式，能有效实现软包电池或硬壳电池的密封，保证了电池的使用寿命。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施方式的一种可通过光纤植入光学传感器的软包锂离子电池的结构示意图。
图2为本发明实施方式的一种可通过光纤植入光学传感器的软包锂离子电池中铝塑膜和传输光纤的位置示意图。
图3为本发明实施方式的一种可通过光纤植入光学传感器的软包锂离子电池的制作方法的流程图。
图4为本发明实施方式的一种可通过光纤植入光学传感器的硬壳锂离子电池的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实例中的技术方案进行描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本发明的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本发明。
如图1所示，可通过光纤植入光学传感器的软包锂离子电池包括包装膜1、电芯2、传感元件7和传输光纤8。其中，电芯2安置在包装膜1的内部，电芯2上设有正极耳3和负极耳5，在正极耳3上贴有一层正极耳胶4，在负极耳5上贴有一层负极耳胶6。传感元件7安置在电芯的上表面，传感元件7与 传输光纤8的一端相连接，传输光纤8的另一端设置有第一光纤连接器9。在解调模块10的传输光纤末端上设置有配套的第二光纤连接器11。
具体地，所述包装膜是软包锂离子电池的封装材料。在本实施例中，可以是一种商用的铝塑膜材料，一般有三层结构：尼龙层、铝箔层和热封层，层与层之间通过粘结性助剂进行压合粘结。在本实施例的不同实现方式中，铝塑膜的厚度可以是88微米、113微米、153微米中的一种。
所述电芯有卷绕式和叠片式两种制作方式。在本实施例的不同实现方式中，所述电芯可以是卷绕式电芯，也可以是叠片式电芯。
所述正极耳和所述负极耳均采用导电金属材料，所述正极耳用于引出所述电芯的正极，所述负极耳用于引出所述电芯的负极。在本实施例的一种实现方式中，正极耳可以是铝材料，负极耳可以是镍材料。
所述极耳胶是一层聚合物胶，在软包锂离子电池热封装时，与铝塑膜中的热封层一同熔化并黏结，实现软包锂离子电池正极耳处和负极耳处的密封。在本实施例中，极耳胶可以是一种商用的极耳胶材料，厚度可以是30微米。
所述传感元件是一种基于光学传感原理的光学传感器，用于监控软包锂离子电池使用过程中的待测参数的变化情况。在本实施例中，所述传感元件可以是基于气体光声光谱技术的小型光声池或石英音叉，也可以是基于吸收光谱技术的小型的腔增强气室或多通池，也可以是一段气体能扩散进内的特种光纤或光波导芯片；其监控的待测参数可以是锂化物的迁移和转化，电池内部温度，电池内部压力或热失控时电解质分解产生的不同气体种类及浓度。
所述传输光纤用于传输探测光到软包锂离子电池内部的所述传感元件中，并将包含指定待测参数信息的信号光输出到所述解调模块中。在本实施 例中，信号光可以是反射光，也可以是透射光；所述传输光纤的数量可以是一条，也可以是多条。在其他实施方式中，根据需要监测的待测参数的数量，所述传输光纤的数量可以是其他适合的数量。
所述光纤连接器用于连接两条传输光纤。在本实施例中，光纤连接器用于连接解调模块的传输光纤和传感元件的一根传输光纤，具体地，光纤连接器可以是FC型号的光纤连接器。
在本实施例的其他实现方式中，两根传输光纤的光耦合方式可以是其他光耦合方式，而非局限于光纤连接器。
所述解调模块用于提供所述传感元件需要的探测光，以及接收返回的信号光并分析处理。在本实施例的一种实现方式中，所述传输光纤的数量为一条，具体地，所述解调模块内置的光源发出的探测光经过所述传输光纤到所述传感元件，返回的信号光再通过该传输光纤回到所述解调模块中被分析处理；可选地，在本实施例的另一种实现方式中，所述传输光纤的数量为两条，具体地，所述解调模块内置的光源发出的探测光经过第一条传输光纤到所述传感元件，信号光再通过第二条传输光纤回到所述解调模块中被分析处理。在本实施例的其他实现方式中，光源可以在所述解调模块的外部，而非内置在所述解调模块中。
请参阅图2，图2为本发明实施方式的一种可通过光纤植入光学传感器的软包锂离子电池中铝塑膜和传输光纤的位置示意图。
如图2所示，铝塑膜包括尼龙层15、铝层16和热封层17。传输光纤包括纤芯层12和包层13。如图2所示，其中，位于铝塑膜边缘的一段传输光纤经过拉锥处理，其包层直径小于原包层直径，之后在这段传输光纤上涂覆了 一层聚合物胶14。
具体地，在所述铝塑膜中，尼龙层负责保持整个铝塑膜外形结构的平整稳定，铝箔层负责隔离外界空气中的水气，热封层负责整个软包锂离子电池边缘的密闭以及防止电解质液泄漏。在本实施例中，热封层可以是聚丙烯材料。在本实施例的一种实现方式中，所述铝塑膜的厚度为153微米。
在本实施例中，所述传输光纤可以是商用的单模光纤，其纤芯层直径为9微米，包层直径为125微米。其中，经过拉锥处理的一段传输光纤的纤芯层直径为9微米，包层直径可以是40微米。
在软包锂离子电池热封装时，经过拉锥处理的传输光纤上涂覆的一层聚合物胶用于与所述铝塑膜中的热封层一同熔化并黏结，实现软包锂离子电池在传输光纤位置处的密封。在本实施例中，聚合物胶的厚度可以是20微米。
请参阅图3，图3为本发明实施方式的一种可通过光纤植入光学传感器的软包锂离子电池的制作方法的流程图，具有(1)-(6)六个步骤。
如图3步骤(1)所示，为在铝塑膜上冲坑的示意图，即通过冲压模具在一张平整的铝塑膜上压出一个能够放入电芯的坑，再经过裁剪得到一张带有一个坑的铝塑膜。在本实施例中，冲压模具的尺寸与待放入电芯的尺寸相接近。在本实施例的其他实现方式中，根据电芯的大小尺寸，坑的数量可以是两个。
如图3步骤(2)所示，为放入电芯后的铝塑膜的正视和俯视的示意图。其中，铝塑膜上的坑的大小比电芯尺寸稍大一些，电芯的两个极耳的一部分裸露在外界空气中，两个极耳胶与铝塑膜的边缘相接触。
如图3步骤(3)所示，为放入传感元件后的铝塑膜的俯视图。其中传感 元件位于电芯的上表面，可采用胶带等方式固定在电芯上，传输光纤的一端与传感元件相连接，另一端带有一个光纤连接器并裸露在铝塑膜外面，涂覆有聚合物胶的一段传输光纤与铝塑膜的边缘相接触。
如图3步骤(4)所示，为将铝塑膜沿对折线折叠后的铝塑膜的正视和俯视的示意图。对折后的位于上层的铝塑膜的边缘依次与涂覆有聚合物胶的一段传输光纤、正极耳胶和负极耳胶相接触。
如图3步骤(5)所示，为左侧封、顶封、注液和右侧封步骤的示意图。其中，左侧封和顶封在顶侧封机中进行，进行左侧封时，带有一定温度的上封头和下封头合拢压在铝塑膜的左侧边，使得铝塑膜中的热封层和传输光纤上涂覆的聚合物胶熔化并黏结，实现铝塑膜左侧密封；进行顶封时，带有一定温度的上封头和下封头合拢压在铝塑膜的上边，使得铝塑膜中的热封层和正极耳胶以及负极耳胶熔化并黏结，实现铝塑膜上侧密封。注液在干燥房中进行，从剩余的一个右开口中向铝塑膜中注入电解质液，随后对该开口进行密封，记为右侧一封，右侧一封的实施方式与左侧封相同。
如图3步骤(6)所示，为右侧二封的示意图。在电芯首次充电激活结束后，会有一定量的气体生成，可通过挤压等方式使生成的气体填充在铝塑膜的右侧，通过抽气等方式将气体排出，随后将右侧多余的铝塑膜剪除，最后再进行一次密封，记为右侧二封，右侧二封的实施方式与左侧封相同。
请参阅图4，图4为本发明实施方式的一种可通过光纤植入光学传感器的硬壳锂离子电池的结构示意图。
如图4所示，可通过光纤植入光学传感器的硬壳锂离子电池包括电池外壳18、电池上盖19、电芯2、传感元件7和传输光纤8。其中，在电池外壳 18内底部有一层绝缘垫层24，电池上盖19上设置有通气孔20、正接线柱21、负接线柱22和减压排气区23；电芯2安置在电池外壳18的内部，电芯的底部与绝缘垫层相接触，电芯2上带有的正极耳3以及负极耳4分别与电池上盖的正接线柱21以及负接线柱22相连接。传感元件7与传输光纤8的一端相连接，传输光纤8另一端设置有第一光纤连接器9。如图4所示，解调模块10的传输光纤末端上设置有配套的第二光纤连接器11。
具体地，所述电池外壳是一种不带有上盖的方型硬壳容器，可以是钢材料硬壳，也可以是铝材料硬壳。在本实施例中，所述电池外壳可以是一种厚度为2毫米的铝材料硬壳。
所述绝缘垫层用于防止电芯底部与电池外壳直接接触，造成短路。在本实施例中，绝缘垫层可以是一种厚度为50微米的聚合物材料层。
所述电池上盖可以是钢材料板，也可以是铝材料板，可以通过激光焊接的方式与所述电池外壳相连接，实现密封。在本实施例中，电池上盖可以是一种厚度为2毫米的铝材料板。其中，通气孔是一种毫米量级的通孔，负责在电池第一次充电激活结束后，排出硬壳锂离子电池内部生成的气体，之后再用激光焊接的方式将所述通气孔密封；所述正接线柱和所述正极耳与所述电池上盖直接接触，所述负接线柱和所述负极耳与所述电池上盖通过一层绝缘层实现隔离，在本实施例中，该绝缘层可以是聚合物材料；减压排气区用于在硬壳锂离子电池内部压力过大时，排出气体防止电池发生爆炸等危险事件，在本实施例中，减压排气区可以是一种厚度小于电池上盖的铝材料区域。
所述电芯、传感元件以及解调模块的功能与参数均已在图1所述的软包锂离子电池中作出描述，在此不再赘述。
在本实施例的一种实现方式中，传输光纤是具有金属镀层的单模光纤，通过穿过在所述电池上盖上预留的小孔连接到硬壳锂离子电池内部的所述传感元件，之后通过激光焊接的方式实现小孔处的密封。
上述描述中的实施方案可以进一步组合或者替换，且实施方案仅仅是对本发明的优选实施例进行描述，并非对本发明的构思和范围进行限定，在不脱离本发明设计思想的前提下，本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案做出的各种变化和改进，均属于本发明的保护范围。本发明的保护范围由所附权利要求及其任何等同物给出。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种可通过光纤植入光学传感器的软包锂离子电池，其特征在于，包括：包装膜、电芯、传感元件和传输光纤；
    所述包装膜是软包电池的封装材料；
    所述电芯位于所述包装膜内部，设有正极耳和负极耳；所述正极耳用于引出所述电芯的正极，所述负极耳用于引出所述电芯的负极；
    所述正极耳上贴有一层正极耳胶，所述负极耳上贴有一层负极耳胶；
    所述正极耳胶和负极耳胶，与所述包装膜边缘相接触，用于实现所述正极耳处和所述负极耳处的密封；
    所述传感元件是一种基于光学传感原理的器件，用于监控软包锂离子电池内部的待测参数的变化情况；所述传感元件安置在所述电芯的表面上；
    所述传输光纤的数量为一条或者多条，至少有一条用于传输探测光到所述传感元件，至少有一条用于传输包含待测参数信息的信号光输出到解调模块中；传输探测光和信号光的传输光纤为同一条或者非同一条。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的软包锂离子电池，其特征在于，所述传感元件是基于气体光声光谱技术的小型光声池；或者是基于吸收光谱技术的小型的腔增强气室或多通池；或者是一段气体能扩散进内的光纤或光波导芯片；
    监控的锂离子电池内部的待测参数包括以下的一种或者多种：锂化物的迁移和转化、锂离子电池内部温度、电池内部压力以及锂离子电池热失控时电解质分解产生的不同气体种类及浓度。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的软包锂离子电池，其特征在于，所述传输光纤的其中一段光纤经过拉锥处理；拉锥后的一段传输光纤的表面还涂覆有一层聚合物胶，所述聚合物胶用于在软包锂离子电池热封装时，与所述封装材料中的热封层一同熔化并黏结，实现软包锂离子电池在所述传输光纤位置处的 密封。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的软包锂离子电池，其特征在于，所述解调模块内置或者外部的光源发出的探测光经过传输光纤到传感元件，返回的信号光再通过该传输光纤回到所述解调模块中被分析处理。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的软包锂离子电池，其特征在于，所述解调模块内置的或者外部的光源发出的探测光经过第一条传输光纤到所述传感元件，信号光再通过第二条传输光纤回到所述解调模块中被分析处理。
  6. 一种根据权利要求1所述的软包锂离子电池的制作方法，其特征在于，包括：
    提供铝塑膜、电芯、传感元件和传输光纤；所述电芯上带有正极耳和负极耳，所述正极耳上贴有正极耳胶，所述负极耳上贴有负极耳胶；所述传感元件与所述传输光纤的一端相连接；所述传输光纤的中间一段光纤经过拉锥处理并涂覆有一层聚合物胶，所述传输光纤另一端带有光纤连接器；
    在所述铝塑膜上压出一个能够放入所述电芯的坑，再经过裁剪得到一张带有一个坑的铝塑膜；
    在所述铝塑膜的坑中放入所述电芯，所述电芯的两个极耳的一部分裸露在所述铝塑膜外部，所述正极耳胶和所述负极耳胶与所述铝塑膜的边缘相接触；
    在所述铝塑膜中放入所述传感元件，所述传感元件与所述传输光纤的一端相连接，所述传感元件通过粘胶带等方式固定在所述电芯上，所述传输光纤的涂覆有聚合物胶的一段光纤与所述铝塑膜边缘相接触；
    将所述铝塑膜沿对折线折叠，使得折叠后的位于上层的铝塑膜的边缘依次与所述涂覆有聚合物胶的一段传输光纤、所述正极耳胶和所述负极耳胶相 接触；
    将包含所述电芯、传感元件和传输光纤的所述铝塑膜置于顶侧封机中进行左侧封和顶封，在所述铝塑膜的右侧开口处注入电解质液，随后进行右侧封；
    在电芯首次充电激活结束后，通过挤压方式将生成的气体挤入到所述铝塑膜的右侧区域，随后排气并剪去多余的铝塑膜，再进行一次右侧封。
  7. 一种可通过光纤植入光学传感器的硬壳锂离子电池，其特征在于，包括：电池外壳、电池上盖、电芯、传感元件和传输光纤；
    所述电池外壳内底部设有一层绝缘垫层，用于防止电芯底部与电池外壳直接接触，造成短路；
    所述电芯位于所述电池外壳内部，带有正极耳和负极耳，底部与所述绝缘垫层相接触；
    所述正极耳用于引出所述电芯的正极，与所述电池上盖的正接线柱相连接；所述负极耳用于引出所述电芯的负极，与所述电池上盖的负接线柱相连接；
    所述电池上盖上设置有通气孔、正接线柱、负接线柱和减压排气区；
    所述通气孔是一种毫米量级的通孔，用于在电池第一次充电激活结束后，排出硬壳锂离子电池内部生成的气体；
    所述正接线柱和所述正极耳与所述电池上盖直接接触，所述负接线柱和所述负极耳与所述电池上盖通过一层绝缘层实现隔离；
    所述减压排气区用于在硬壳锂离子电池内部压力过大时，排出气体；
    所述传感元件是一种基于光学传感原理的光学传感器，用于监控硬壳锂离子电池内部的待测参数的变化情况，所述传感元件是基于气体光声光谱技 术的小型光声池；或者是基于吸收光谱技术的小型的腔增强气室或多通池；或者是一段气体能扩散进内的光纤或光波导芯片；所述传感元件安置在所述电芯的表面上；
    所述传输光纤的数量为一条或者多条，至少有一条用于传输探测光到所述传感元件，至少有一条用于传输包含待测参数信息的信号光输出到解调模块中；传输探测光和信号光的传输光纤为同一条或者非同一条。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的硬壳锂离子电池，其特征在于，所述电池外壳是一种不带有上盖的方型硬壳容器，材料包括钢或者铝；
    所述电池上盖采用钢材料板或者铝材料板，通过激光焊接的方式与所述电池外壳相连接，实现密封；
    所述通气孔在完成排气功能后，通过激光焊接的方式密封；
    所述减压排气区是一种厚度小于电池上盖的铝材料区域。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的硬壳锂离子电池，其特征在于，所述传输光纤为具有金属镀层的单模光纤，通过穿过在所述电池上盖上预留的小孔连接到硬壳锂离子电池内部的所述传感元件，之后通过激光焊接的方式实现小孔处的密封。
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