WO2022237405A1 - 抑制异频散射的低频辐射单元及基站天线 - Google Patents

抑制异频散射的低频辐射单元及基站天线 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022237405A1
WO2022237405A1 PCT/CN2022/085601 CN2022085601W WO2022237405A1 WO 2022237405 A1 WO2022237405 A1 WO 2022237405A1 CN 2022085601 W CN2022085601 W CN 2022085601W WO 2022237405 A1 WO2022237405 A1 WO 2022237405A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
frequency
substrate
low
radiation unit
frequency radiation
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PCT/CN2022/085601
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
马建
郑文锋
高天成
李自华
蔡娟
Original Assignee
摩比天线技术（深圳）有限公司
摩比科技（深圳）有限公司
摩比通讯技术（吉安）有限公司
摩比科技(西安)有限公司
深圳市晟煜智慧科技网络有限公司
西安摩比天线技术工程有限公司
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Publication of WO2022237405A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022237405A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/50—Feeding or matching arrangements for broad-band or multi-band operation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of mobile communication, in particular to a low-frequency radiation unit and a base station antenna for suppressing inter-frequency scattering.
  • the array antenna can cover multiple frequency bands.
  • An antenna is required to have multi-frequency and wide-band characteristics, so that it can cover all mobile communication frequency bands that may be used at present and in the future.
  • various operators put forward higher requirements for the miniaturization of base station antennas.
  • the low-frequency radiation unit is often nested in the high-frequency radiation unit, so as to realize the miniaturization of the base station antenna.
  • the low-frequency radiation unit will couple the radiation energy of the high-frequency radiation unit, and perform secondary radiation on the coupled energy.
  • the electromagnetic waves radiated by the low-frequency radiation unit and the electromagnetic waves radiated by the high-frequency radiation unit are superimposed on each other to generate a final high-frequency pattern. Due to the difference in the spatial phase of the electromagnetic waves radiated by the low-frequency radiation unit and the electromagnetic wave radiated by the high-frequency radiation unit, the final superimposed high-frequency pattern is distorted.
  • the coupling between the low-frequency array antenna and the high-frequency array antenna is intensified. If there is a strong coupling between the low-frequency array antenna and the high-frequency array antenna, the port isolation between high and low frequencies will deteriorate. At the same time, the pattern of the base station antenna will also be distorted, and the performance will deteriorate seriously.
  • Traditional dual-frequency dual-polarization base station antennas require cascaded filters in order to achieve good inter-frequency isolation. Although this solution can solve the problem of port isolation between high and low frequencies, cascaded filters cannot improve the performance caused by inter-frequency coupling. The problem of distortion of the pattern, and the method of cascading filters will also increase the loss and reduce the gain of the base station antenna.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of low-frequency radiation unit and base station antenna that suppress inter-frequency scattering, it can reduce the radar scattering cross section value of low-frequency radiation unit in high-frequency band, suppress low-frequency radiation unit to high-frequency pattern influence, thereby improving the high-frequency pattern.
  • the present invention provides a low-frequency radiation unit that suppresses inter-frequency scattering, including a dielectric substrate, a radiator, a coupling feed structure and a balun feed structure;
  • Both the radiator and the coupling feeding structure are disposed on the dielectric substrate;
  • the coupling and feeding structure includes four symmetrically distributed coupling and feeding units, each of which includes a substrate, and a closed loop group is respectively extended outward on both sides of the substrate, and each of the coupling and feeding units A gap is formed between the two closed loop groups of the coupling feed unit, and each closed loop group includes at least two closed loops;
  • the radiator includes four radiation arms, and the four radiation arms are symmetrically arranged in the gaps of the four closed ring groups;
  • the balun feeding structure is arranged under the dielectric substrate, the bottom end of the balun feeding structure is connected to the microstrip transfer line, and the top end of the balun feeding structure is connected to the coupling feeding structure.
  • the substrates of the four coupling feed units are arranged symmetrically; each of the substrates is polygonal, circular, semicircular, elliptical or Irregular shape; the closed ring is polygonal, circular, semicircular, oval or irregular.
  • the substrate of the coupling feed unit is an isosceles trapezoid with a base angle of 45 degrees, and the four substrates are symmetrically arranged in a cross shape and surrounded by form a square; the two bottom corner ends of each of the substrates are respectively extended outwards with a triangular closed ring group, and the gap is formed between the two triangular closed ring groups of each of the coupling feed units , each of the triangular closed loop groups includes at least two triangular closed loops.
  • the triangular closed ring group includes a first side and a second side connected to the bottom corner end of the substrate, and the first side and the The hypotenuses of the substrate are on the same straight line, and the second sides are perpendicular to the base of the substrate; the second sides of the two triangular closed loop groups of each of the coupling feed units gaps are formed between them.
  • each of the closed ring groups is provided with at least one branch and a metallized via hole, and the branch is connected to the closed ring through the metallized via hole.
  • the branches are L-shaped or T-shaped.
  • each radiating arm includes at least two rectangular radiating sections, and every two adjacent rectangular radiating sections are connected by a bent line section.
  • the width of the rectangular radiation section is larger than the width of the bent line section.
  • the length and/or width of each of the rectangular radiation sections of each of the radiators is the same or different; each of the bends of each of the radiators Line segments have the same or different length and/or width.
  • the dielectric substrate includes a first square substrate, and a rectangular arm extends outward from the middle of the four sides of the first square substrate;
  • the four radiation arms of the radiator are respectively arranged on the first square substrate and the rectangular arms.
  • the dielectric substrate includes a second square substrate and a cross-shaped substrate, the coupling and feeding structure is arranged on the second square substrate; the cross-shaped substrate It is superposed on the second square substrate, and the four radiation arms of the radiator are respectively arranged on the cross-shaped substrate.
  • the balun feeding structure includes a first vertical substrate, a second vertical substrate and a horizontal substrate, and the first vertical substrate and the second vertical substrate are connected to each other. Orthogonal, and the tops of the first vertical substrate and the second vertical substrate are vertically connected to the dielectric substrate, and the bottom ends of the first vertical substrate and the second vertical substrate are vertically connected to the horizontal substrate
  • the horizontal substrate is provided with two microstrip transfer lines; the first vertical substrate and the second vertical substrate are respectively provided with a ladder impedance matching microstrip line, and the ladder impedance matching microstrip line
  • the top end is connected to the coupling feed structure, and the bottom end of the ladder impedance matching microstrip line is connected to the microstrip transfer line.
  • the ladder impedance matching microstrip line is composed of multiple sections of microstrip lines with different widths connected.
  • the first vertical substrate and the second vertical substrate are respectively provided with a vertical microstrip ground; the horizontal substrate is provided with a horizontal microstrip ground and two A coaxial feed port.
  • the present invention also provides a base station antenna, which includes a reflector, and a plurality of high-frequency radiation units and a plurality of low-frequency radiation units for suppressing inter-frequency scattering as described above are distributed on the reflector.
  • the frequency scattering low-frequency radiation unit is nested and inserted in the middle of the high-frequency radiation unit.
  • the low-frequency radiation unit for suppressing inter-frequency scattering of the present invention includes a dielectric substrate, a radiator, a coupling feed structure and a balun feed structure;
  • the coupling feed structure includes four symmetrically distributed coupling feed units, and each coupling feed
  • the unit includes a substrate, and a closed ring group is respectively provided on both sides of the substrate, a gap is formed between the two closed ring groups, and each closed ring group includes at least two closed rings; At least one L-shaped or T-shaped branch is provided on the ring group.
  • the invention disassembles a large closed loop group into a plurality of small closed loops and adds branches, which can reduce the radar scattering cross-section value of the low-frequency radiation unit in the high-frequency band, and can suppress inter-frequency scattering.
  • the radiating body includes four radiating arms, and the four radiating arms are respectively arranged symmetrically in the gaps of the four closed ring groups.
  • each radiating arm includes at least two rectangular radiating sections, and each adjacent two rectangular radiating sections
  • the present invention loads the bent line segment on the radiator, which can further reduce the radar scattering cross-section value in the high-frequency band.
  • the present invention can reduce the radar cross-section value of the low-frequency radiation unit in the high-frequency band, suppress the influence of the low-frequency radiation unit on the high-frequency pattern, and thereby improve the high-frequency pattern.
  • the balun feeding structure of the present invention adopts a step impedance matching microstrip line, and the step impedance matching microstrip line can widen the impedance bandwidth of the antenna to realize broadband characteristics, and the present invention will have a low radar cross section value
  • the combination of coupling feed structure, radiator with low radar cross-section value and balun feed structure with broadband characteristics can realize low radar cross-section value characteristics in a wide frequency band and reduce high-frequency radiation coupled by low-frequency radiation units Energy, suppress the impact of low-frequency radiation units on high-frequency patterns, and realize broadband dual-polarized low-radiation units and base station antennas with suppressed inter-frequency scattering.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a low-frequency radiation unit for suppressing inter-frequency scattering according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIGS. 2A to 2C are schematic diagrams of the coupling feeding structure of the low-frequency radiation unit according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a graph showing the RCS of the coupling feed structure of the low-frequency radiation unit according to the embodiment of the present invention as a function of frequency;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a radiator structure of a low-frequency radiation unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a balun feed structure of a low-frequency radiation unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a graph showing the RCS of the radiator structure of the low-frequency radiation unit according to the embodiment of the present invention as a function of frequency;
  • Fig. 7 is a graph showing the RCS variation with frequency after the combination of the coupling feed structure and the radiator structure of the low frequency radiating unit according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is a graph showing the VSWR and isolation S21 of the low frequency radiation unit according to the embodiment of the present invention changing with frequency.
  • references in this specification to "one embodiment”, “embodiment”, “example embodiment” and the like mean that the described embodiment may include specific features, structures or characteristics, but not every Embodiments must include those specific features, structures or characteristics. Furthermore, such expressions are not referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a specific feature, structure or characteristic is described in conjunction with an embodiment, whether or not it is explicitly described, it has been indicated that it is within the knowledge of those skilled in the art to combine such feature, structure or characteristic into other embodiments .
  • connection here includes any direct and indirect electrical connection means. Indirect means of electrical connection include connection through other means.
  • FIGS 1-2 and Figures 4-5 show the structure of the low-frequency radiation unit for suppressing inter-frequency scattering provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the low-frequency radiation unit 100 for suppressing inter-frequency scattering includes a dielectric substrate 10, a radiator 20, a coupling
  • the feeding structure 30 and the balun feeding structure 40 , the radiator 20 and the coupling feeding structure 30 are all disposed on the dielectric substrate 10 .
  • the coupling feed structure 30 includes four symmetrically distributed coupling feed units 31, as shown in FIG. 2B or 2C, each coupling feed unit 31 includes a substrate 311 made of metal material, and the two sides of the substrate 311 A closed loop group 312 is respectively extended outward, a gap 313 is formed between the two closed loop groups 312 of each coupling feed unit 31 , and each closed loop group 312 includes at least two closed loops 3121 .
  • the substrates 311 of the four coupling feed units 31 are arranged symmetrically.
  • Each substrate 311 is polygonal, circular, semicircular, elliptical or irregular
  • the closed ring 3121 is polygonal, circular, semicircular, elliptical or irregular.
  • Both the closed ring group 312 and the closed ring 3121 can be made of metal.
  • the present invention disassembles the large closed loop group 312 into multiple small closed loop groups 3121, which can reduce the RCS (Radar Cross Section) value of the low frequency radiation unit 100 in the high frequency band, and can suppress interfrequency scattering.
  • RCS Radar Cross Section
  • the radiator 20 includes four radiation arms 21 , as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 4 , the four radiation arms 21 are symmetrically arranged in the gaps 313 of the four closed ring groups 312 .
  • the balun feed structure 40 is arranged below the dielectric substrate 10, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 5, the bottom end of the balun feed structure 40 is connected to the microstrip transfer line 44, and the top end of the balun feed structure 40 is connected to the coupling
  • the feeding structure 30 and the balun feeding structure 40 are used for exciting and feeding the low-frequency radiation unit 100 that suppresses inter-frequency scattering.
  • the low-frequency radiation unit 100 for suppressing inter-frequency scattering of the present invention utilizes dismantling the large closed loop group 312 into multiple small closed-loop groups 3121 to reduce its RCS value in the high-frequency band and suppress the low-frequency radiation unit’s effect on the high-frequency pattern. influence, thereby improving the high-frequency pattern.
  • the coupling and feeding structure 30 includes four symmetrically distributed coupling and feeding units 31, and the substrate 311 of each coupling and feeding unit 31 is in the shape of a base angle of 45 degrees.
  • the waist is trapezoidal, and the four substrates 311 are symmetrically arranged in a cross shape and form a square.
  • each substrate 311 The two bottom corners of each substrate 311 are respectively extended outwardly with a triangular closed ring group 312, and a gap 313 is formed between the two triangular closed ring groups 312 of each coupling feed unit 31, and each triangular closed ring
  • the group 312 includes at least two triangular closed rings 3121 , and in this embodiment, each triangular closed ring group 312 includes two triangular closed rings 3121 .
  • the specific number of triangular closed loops 3121 is not limited, and each triangular closed loop group 312 can include any number of triangular closed loops 3121 such as three, four, five, etc. according to actual needs.
  • the triangular closed ring group 312 includes a first side and a second side connected to the bottom corner end of the substrate 311, the first side and the hypotenuse of the substrate 311 are on the same straight line, the second side and the base The bottom edges of the sheets 311 are perpendicular to each other.
  • a gap 313 is formed between the second sides of the two triangular closed loop groups 312 of each coupling feeding unit 31 .
  • the large triangular closed loop group 312 in the low frequency radiating unit 100 is disassembled into multiple small triangular closed loop groups 312, which can reduce the RCS value of the low frequency radiating unit 100 in the high frequency band and suppress interfrequency scattering.
  • each closed ring group 312 is preferably provided with at least one branch 314 and a metallized via 315 , and the branch 314 is connected to the closed ring 3121 through the metalized via 315 .
  • the branches 314 are L-shaped or T-shaped.
  • an L-shaped branch 314 is added to the closed loop 3121 to further reduce the RCS value of the low-frequency radiation unit 100 in the high-frequency band.
  • the number of branches 314 added on the closed loop 3121 is not limited specifically, and any number of branches 314 such as two, three, etc. may be added according to actual needs.
  • the improvement process of the coupling feeding structure 30 of the present invention is shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3.
  • the radar cross-section RCS of this structure in the 2.2GHz-2.69GHz frequency band of the high-frequency band is relatively large, as shown in Figure 3, it can be seen that the structure has a greater impact on the high-frequency 2.2GHz-2.69GHz frequency band.
  • the closed loop group 312 of the coupling feeding structure is disassembled into two triangular closed loops 3121, as shown in Figure 2B, and the corresponding radar cross section RCS is shown in Figure 3, which can be clearly seen It can be seen that the RCS of the structure in Figure 2B in the frequency range of 2.2-2.69 GHz is significantly reduced. However, the RCS of the structure in Figure 2B is slightly higher at the 1.7-1.95GHz frequency band.
  • the present invention adds an L-shaped branch 314, which is connected to the triangular closed ring 3121 through a metallized via hole 315, as shown in Figure 2C, this structure is conducive to reducing the RCS in the 1.7-1.95GHz frequency range value, see FIG. 3 , the coupling feed structure 30 finally realizes the low RCS characteristic in the broadband 1.71-2.69 GHz frequency range.
  • the radiator 20 includes four radiation arms 21 with the same structure, and the radiation arms 21 can couple electromagnetic waves and perform radiation.
  • the four radiation arms 21 are symmetrically stacked in the gaps 313 of the four closed ring groups 312 .
  • Each radiating arm 21 includes at least two rectangular radiating segments 211 , and each adjacent two rectangular radiating segments 211 are connected by a bent line segment 212 .
  • each radiating arm 21 includes three rectangular radiating segments 211 and two bent line segments 212, but the number of rectangular radiating segments 211 and bent line segments 212 in each radiating arm 21 is not specifically limited. It can be set to any number according to actual needs.
  • the width of the rectangular radiating section 211 is greater than the width of the bending line section 212 .
  • the lengths and/or widths of the rectangular radiating sections 211 of each radiator 20 are the same or different, and the RCS and impedance characteristics thereof need to be considered comprehensively.
  • the total length and/or width of each bend line segment 212 of each radiator 20 is the same or different. In the present invention, by adjusting the length and width of the rectangular radiating section 211 and the bent line section 212, the design purpose of realizing low RCS in a wider frequency band can be achieved.
  • Fig. 6 is a graph of the RCS of the radiator structure of the low-frequency radiation unit according to the embodiment of the present invention, which shows the process of reducing the RCS value of the antenna radiator.
  • the radiator of the base station antenna is a complete metal sheet
  • the radar cross-section RCS in the high-frequency band is larger, and when the radiator 20 is changed to have two rectangular radiation sections 211 and one curved line section 212, the radar cross-section RCS of the radiator 20 is reduced.
  • the radiator 20 is changed into three rectangular radiation segments 211 and two bent line segments 212, the radar cross section RCS of the radiator 20 is further reduced.
  • the present invention realizes the widening of the impedance bandwidth of the low-frequency radiating unit by means of coupling feeding, realizes low RCS characteristics in a wider frequency band, reduces the high-frequency radiation energy coupled by the low-frequency radiating unit, and suppresses the low-frequency radiating unit from affecting the high-frequency radiation. Pattern effects, improve high frequency pattern.
  • the present invention disassembles the closed loop group 312 of the coupling feed structure 30 into a plurality of closed loops 3121 and adds branches 314 to achieve the purpose of the coupling feed structure 30 with a wide frequency band and low RCS.
  • the bent line segment 212 is loaded on the radiator 20 to achieve the purpose of the broadband low RCS of the radiator 20, and the coupling feeding structure 30 with a broadband low RCS is combined with the radiator 20 with a broadband low RCS.
  • the overall structure still has low RCS characteristics, as shown in Figure 7.
  • Fig. 7 has provided the contrast of the low-frequency radiation unit structure of common coupling feed antenna and the low-frequency radiation unit 100 of low RCS of the present invention, it can be clearly seen that the low-frequency radiation unit 100 of the present invention has the characteristic of broadband low RCS, It has less influence on the radiation pattern in the high frequency band.
  • the dielectric substrate 10 includes a first square substrate 11 , and a rectangular arm 12 extends outward from the middle of four sides of the first square substrate 11 .
  • the four radiation arms 21 of the radiator 20 are respectively disposed on the first square substrate 11 and the rectangular arms 12 .
  • the first square substrate 11 and the rectangular arm 12 are integrally formed.
  • the dielectric substrate 10 includes a second square substrate and a cross-shaped substrate, and the coupling and feeding structure 30 is disposed on the second square substrate.
  • the cross-shaped substrate is stacked on the second square substrate, and the four radiation arms 21 of the radiator 20 are respectively disposed on the cross-shaped substrate.
  • the second square substrate and the cross-shaped substrate are not integrally formed, but are superimposed on each other.
  • the balun feed structure 40 preferably includes a first vertical substrate 41, a second vertical substrate 42 and a horizontal substrate 43, the first vertical substrate 41 and the second vertical substrate 42 are orthogonal to each other, and the first The tops of the vertical substrate 41 and the second vertical substrate 42 are vertically connected to the dielectric substrate 10 , and the bottom ends of the first vertical substrate 41 and the second vertical substrate 42 are vertically connected to the horizontal substrate 43 .
  • Two horizontal microstrip transition lines 44 are arranged on the horizontal substrate 43 .
  • the first vertical substrate 41 and the second vertical substrate 42 are respectively provided with a vertical ladder impedance matching microstrip line 45, the top of the ladder impedance matching microstrip line 45 is connected to the coupling feed structure 30, and the ladder impedance matching microstrip line 45 The bottom end is connected with the microstrip transfer line 44 .
  • the stepped impedance matching microstrip line 45 has a broadband matching function. By adjusting the length and width of each branch of the microstrip line, the impedance value of the corresponding section can be adjusted to achieve impedance matching in a wider frequency band.
  • the coupling feed structure 30 and the stepped impedance-matched balun feed structure 40 of the present invention can widen the impedance bandwidth of the antenna and realize a base station antenna with broadband characteristics.
  • the ladder impedance matching microstrip line 45 is composed of multiple sections of microstrip lines with different widths connected, and the multiple sections of microstrip lines with different widths form a stepped microstrip line structure.
  • the stepped impedance matching microstrip line 45 is composed of five sections of microstrip lines 451 to 455 with different widths connected, but in fact the number of microstrip lines with different widths in the stepped impedance matching microstrip line 45 is not limited. The limit can be set to any number according to actual needs.
  • vertical microstrip grounds 46 are respectively provided on the first vertical substrate 41 and the second vertical substrate 42 .
  • a horizontal microstrip ground 47 and two coaxial feed ports 48 are provided on the horizontal substrate 43 .
  • the S-parameter characteristic of the low-frequency radiation unit 100 of the present invention is relatively good, which ensures that the impedance characteristic of the radiation unit also has broadband characteristics while reducing the radar cross section RCS of the radiation unit.
  • the standing wave ratio VSWR of the low-frequency radiation unit 100 of the present invention is less than 1.5 in the frequency range of 698-960 MHz, and the isolation S21 is less than -22 dB.
  • the present invention also provides a base station antenna, which includes a reflector, and a plurality of high-frequency radiation units and a plurality of low-frequency radiation units that suppress inter-frequency scattering as shown in Figures 1-2 and Figures 3-4 are distributed on the reflector plate.
  • the radiation unit 100, the low-frequency radiation unit 100 for suppressing inter-frequency scattering is nested and inserted in the middle of the high-frequency radiation unit.
  • the low-frequency radiation unit for suppressing inter-frequency scattering in the present invention includes a dielectric substrate, a radiator, a coupling feed structure and a balun feed structure;
  • the coupling feed structure includes four symmetrically distributed coupling feed units,
  • Each coupling feed unit includes a substrate, and a closed ring group is respectively provided on both sides of the substrate, a gap is formed between the two closed ring groups, and each closed ring group includes at least two closed rings;
  • at least one L-shaped or T-shaped branch is provided on each closed ring group.
  • the invention disassembles a large closed loop group into a plurality of small closed loops and adds branches, which can reduce the radar scattering cross-section value of the low-frequency radiation unit in the high-frequency band, and can suppress inter-frequency scattering.
  • the radiating body includes four radiating arms, and the four radiating arms are respectively arranged symmetrically in the gaps of the four closed ring groups.
  • each radiating arm includes at least two rectangular radiating sections, and each adjacent two rectangular radiating sections Through the connection of a bent line segment, the present invention loads the bent line segment on the radiator, which can further reduce the radar scattering cross-section value in the high-frequency band.
  • the present invention can reduce the radar cross-section value of the low-frequency radiation unit in the high-frequency band, suppress the influence of the low-frequency radiation unit on the high-frequency pattern, and thereby improve the high-frequency pattern.
  • the balun feeding structure of the present invention adopts a step impedance matching microstrip line, and the step impedance matching microstrip line can widen the impedance bandwidth of the antenna to realize broadband characteristics, and the present invention will have a low radar cross section value
  • the combination of coupling feed structure, radiator with low radar cross-section value and balun feed structure with broadband characteristics can realize low radar cross-section value characteristics in a wide frequency band and reduce high-frequency radiation coupled by low-frequency radiation units Energy, suppress the impact of low-frequency radiation units on high-frequency patterns, and realize broadband dual-polarized low-radiation units and base station antennas with suppressed inter-frequency scattering.

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Abstract

本发明提供了一种抑制异频散射的低频辐射单元，包括介质基板、辐射体、耦合馈电结构和巴伦馈电结构；所述耦合馈电结构包括四个对称分布的耦合馈电单元，每个耦合馈电单元包括基片，所述基片的两侧分别向外延伸设有一个封闭环组，每个耦合馈电单元的两个封闭环组之间形成空隙，且每个封闭环组包括至少两个封闭环；辐射体包括四个辐射臂，四个辐射臂分别对称设于四个封闭环组的空隙内；巴伦馈电结构设于介质基板下方，巴伦馈电结构的底端连接微带转接线，巴伦馈电结构的顶端连接所述耦合馈电结构。本发明还相应提供一种基站天线。借此，本发明能够降低低频辐射单元在高频频段的雷达散射截面值，抑制低频辐射单元对高频方向图的影响，从而改善高频方向图。

Description

抑制异频散射的低频辐射单元及基站天线 技术领域
本发明涉及移动通信技术领域，尤其涉及一种抑制异频散射的低频辐射单元及基站天线。
背景技术
随着全球通信领域建设的日益完善，在基站天线建设中往往要求阵列天线能够覆盖多个频段。要求一副天线具有多频和宽频特性，使其能够覆盖现有和将来可能用到的所有移动通信频段。同时，为了便于基站选址，节约空间资源，各运营商对基站天线的小型化提出更高的要求。
现有的多频阵列天线中，低频辐射单元常嵌套在高频辐射单元中，以实现基站天线的小型化。当高低频辐射单元之间的距离较小时，低频辐射单元会耦合高频辐射单元的辐射能量，并将耦合的能量进行二次辐射。低频辐射单元二次辐射的电磁波与高频辐射单元辐射的电磁波相互叠加产生最终的高频方向图。由于低频辐射单元二次辐射的电磁波的空间相位与高频辐射单元辐射电磁波的空间相位存在差异，导致最终叠加出来的高频方向图发生畸变。
随着基站天线尺寸的不断减小，低频阵列天线、高频阵列天线之间的耦合加剧。低频阵列天线、高频阵列天线之间若存在较强的耦合，会导致高低频之间的端口隔离度恶化，同时基站天线的方向图也会发生畸变，性能恶化严重。传统的双频双极化基站天线为了实现良好的异频隔离需要级联滤波器，该方案虽然可解决高低频之间的端口隔离度问题，但级联滤波器并不能改善因异频耦合导致方向图畸变的问题，同时级联滤波器的方式还会增加损耗，降低基站天线的增益。
综上可知，现有技术在实际使用上显然存在不便与缺陷，所以有必要加以改进。
发明内容
针对上述的缺陷，本发明的目的在于提供一种抑制异频散射的低频辐射单元及基站天线，其能够降低低频辐射单元在高频频段的雷达散射截面值，抑制 低频辐射单元对高频方向图的影响，从而改善高频方向图。
为了实现上述目的，本发明提供一种抑制异频散射的低频辐射单元，包括介质基板、辐射体、耦合馈电结构和巴伦馈电结构；
所述辐射体和所述耦合馈电结构均设于所述介质基板上；
所述耦合馈电结构包括四个对称分布的耦合馈电单元，每个所述耦合馈电单元包括基片，所述基片的两侧分别向外延伸设有一个封闭环组，每个所述耦合馈电单元的两个所述封闭环组之间形成空隙，且每个所述封闭环组包括至少两个封闭环；
所述辐射体包括四个辐射臂，所述四个辐射臂分别对称设于四个所述封闭环组的所述空隙内；
所述巴伦馈电结构设于所述介质基板下方，所述巴伦馈电结构的底端连接微带转接线，所述巴伦馈电结构的顶端连接所述耦合馈电结构。
根据本发明所述的抑制异频散射的低频辐射单元，四个所述耦合馈电单元的所述基片对称排列；每个所述基片为多边形、圆形、半圆形、椭圆形或不规则形；所述封闭环为多边形、圆形、半圆形、椭圆形或不规则形。
根据本发明所述的抑制异频散射的低频辐射单元，所述耦合馈电单元的所述基片呈底角为45度的等腰梯形，四个所述基片按照十字型对称排列且围成正方形；每个所述基片的两个底角端分别向外延伸设有一个三角形封闭环组，每个所述耦合馈电单元的两个所述三角形封闭环组之间形成所述空隙，每个所述三角形封闭环组包括至少两个三角形封闭环。
根据本发明所述的抑制异频散射的低频辐射单元，所述三角形封闭环组包括与所述基片的所述底角端连接的第一边和第二边，所述第一边与所述基片的斜边在同一直线上，所述第二边与所述基片的底边相互垂直；每个所述耦合馈电单元的两个所述三角形封闭环组的所述第二边之间形成所述空隙。
根据本发明所述的抑制异频散射的低频辐射单元，每个所述封闭环组上设有至少一个枝节和金属化过孔，所述枝节通过所述金属化过孔与封闭环连接。
根据本发明所述的抑制异频散射的低频辐射单元，所述枝节为L形或T形。
根据本发明所述的抑制异频散射的低频辐射单元，每个所述辐射臂包括至少两个矩形辐射段，每相邻两个所述矩形辐射段通过一弯折线段连接。
根据本发明所述的抑制异频散射的低频辐射单元，所述矩形辐射段的宽度 大于所述弯折线段的宽度。
根据本发明所述的抑制异频散射的低频辐射单元，每个所述辐射体的各个所述矩形辐射段的长度和/或宽度相同或不同；每个所述辐射体的各个所述弯折线段的长度和/或宽度相同或不同。
根据本发明所述的抑制异频散射的低频辐射单元，所述介质基板包括第一方形基板，所述第一方形基板的四个侧边中间处分别向外延伸出一矩形臂；所述辐射体的所述四个辐射臂分别设于所述第一方形基板和所述矩形臂上。
根据本发明所述的抑制异频散射的低频辐射单元，所述介质基板包括第二方形基板和十字型基板，所述耦合馈电结构设于所述第二方形基板上；所述十字型基板叠加设于所述第二方形基板上，且所述辐射体的所述四个辐射臂分别设于所述十字型基板上。
根据本发明所述的抑制异频散射的低频辐射单元，所述巴伦馈电结构包括第一垂直基板、第二垂直基板和水平基板，所述第一垂直基板和所述第二垂直基板相互正交，且所述第一垂直基板和所述第二垂直基板的顶端与所述介质基板垂直连接，所述第一垂直基板和所述第二垂直基板的底端与所述水平基板垂直连接；所述水平基板上设有两个所述微带转接线；所述第一垂直基板和所述第二垂直基板上分别设有阶梯阻抗匹配微带线，所述阶梯阻抗匹配微带线的顶端与所述耦合馈电结构连接，所述阶梯阻抗匹配微带线的底端与所述微带转接线连接。
根据本发明所述的抑制异频散射的低频辐射单元，所述阶梯阻抗匹配微带线由多段不同宽度的微带线连接组成。
根据本发明所述的抑制异频散射的低频辐射单元，所述第一垂直基板和所述第二垂直基板上分别设有垂直微带地；所述水平基板上设有水平微带地和两个同轴馈电端口。
本发明还提供一种基站天线，包括有反射板，所述反射板上分布设有多个高频辐射单元和多个如任一项上述的抑制异频散射的低频辐射单元，所述抑制异频散射的低频辐射单元嵌套插入所述高频辐射单元的中间。
本发明抑制异频散射的低频辐射单元包括介质基板、辐射体、耦合馈电结构和巴伦馈电结构；所述耦合馈电结构包括四个对称分布的耦合馈电单元，每个耦合馈电单元包括基片，所述基片的两侧分别向外设有一个封闭环组，两个 封闭环组之间形成空隙，且每个封闭环组包括至少两个封闭环；优选在每个封闭环组上设有至少一个L形或T形的枝节。本发明将大的封闭环组拆解为多个小的封闭环以及增加枝节，可以降低低频辐射单元在高频频段的雷达散射截面值，能够抑制异频散射。所述辐射体包括四个辐射臂，所述四个辐射臂分别对称设于四个封闭环组的空隙内，优选每个辐射臂包括至少两个矩形辐射段，每相邻两个矩形辐射段通过一弯折线段连接，本发明将辐射体上加载弯折线段可进一步降低在高频频段的雷达散射截面值。借此，本发明能够降低低频辐射单元在高频频段的雷达散射截面值，抑制低频辐射单元对高频方向图的影响，从而改善高频方向图。
更好的是，本发明巴伦馈电结构采用阶梯阻抗匹配微带线，所述阶梯阻抗匹配微带线可展宽天线的阻抗带宽，实现宽频带特性，本发明将具有低雷达散射截面值的耦合馈电结构、具有低雷达散射截面值的辐射体以及具有宽频特性的巴伦馈电结构组合，可在较宽频带内实现低雷达散射截面值特性，减小低频辐射单元耦合的高频辐射能量，抑制低频辐射单元对高频方向图的影响，实现具有抑制异频散射的宽频带双极化的低辐射单元和基站天线。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例的抑制异频散射的低频辐射单元的结构示意图；
图2A～图2C是本发明实施例的低频辐射单元的耦合馈电结构的示意图；
图3是本发明实施例的低频辐射单元的耦合馈电结构的RCS随频率变化的曲线图；
图4是本发明实施例的低频辐射单元的辐射体结构的示意图；
图5是本发明实施例的低频辐射单元的巴伦馈电结构的示意图；
图6是本发明实施例的低频辐射单元的辐射体结构的RCS随频率变化的曲线图；
图7是本发明实施例的低频辐射单元的耦合馈电结构、辐射体结构组合后的RCS随频率变化的曲线图；
图8是本发明实施例的低频辐射单元的驻波比VSWR和隔离度S21随频率变化的曲线图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
需要说明的，本说明书中针对“一个实施例”、“实施例”、“示例实施例”等的引用，指的是描述的该实施例可包括特定的特征、结构或特性，但是不是每个实施例必须包含这些特定特征、结构或特性。此外，这样的表述并非指的是同一个实施例。进一步，在结合实施例描述特定的特征、结构或特性时，不管有没有明确的描述，已经表明将这样的特征、结构或特性结合到其它实施例中是在本领域技术人员的知识范围内的。
此外，在说明书及后续的权利要求当中使用了某些词汇来指称特定组件或部件，所属领域中具有通常知识者应可理解，制造商可以用不同的名词或术语来称呼同一个组件或部件。本说明书及后续的权利要求并不以名称的差异来作为区分组件或部件的方式，而是以组件或部件在功能上的差异来作为区分的准则。在通篇说明书及后续的权利要求书中所提及的“包括”和“包含”为一开放式的用语，故应解释成“包含但不限定于”。以外，“连接”一词在此系包含任何直接及间接的电性连接手段。间接的电性连接手段包括通过其它装置进行连接。
图1～2以及图4～5示出了本发明实施例提供的抑制异频散射的低频辐射单元的结构，所述抑制异频散射的低频辐射单元100包括介质基板10、辐射体20、耦合馈电结构30和巴伦馈电结构40，所述辐射体20和耦合馈电结构30均设于介质基板10上。
所述耦合馈电结构30包括四个对称分布的耦合馈电单元31，如图2B或2C所示，每个耦合馈电单元31包括金属材质制成的基片311，基片311的两侧分别向外延伸设有一个封闭环组312，每个耦合馈电单元31的两个封闭环组312之间形成空隙313，且每个封闭环组312包括至少两个封闭环3121。优选的是，四个耦合馈电单元31的基片311对称排列。每个基片311为多边形、圆形、半圆形、椭圆形或不规则形等，封闭环3121为多边形、圆形、半圆形、椭圆形或不规则形等。所述封闭环组312和封闭环3121均可由金属材质制成。本发明将大的封闭环组312拆解为多个小的封闭环组3121，可以降低低频辐射单元100 在高频频段的RCS(Radar Cross Section，雷达散射截面)值，能够抑制异频散射。
所述辐射体20包括四个辐射臂21，如图1和图4所示，四个辐射臂21分别对称设于四个封闭环组312的空隙313内。所述巴伦馈电结构40设于介质基板10下方，如图1和图5所示，巴伦馈电结构40的底端连接微带转接线44，巴伦馈电结构40的顶端连接耦合馈电结构30，巴伦馈电结构40用于为抑制异频散射的低频辐射单元100进行激励馈电。
本发明抑制异频散射的低频辐射单元100利用将大的封闭环组312拆解为多个小的封闭环组3121，降低其在高频频段的RCS值，抑制低频辐射单元对高频方向图的影响，从而改善高频方向图。
如图2A～2C所示的实施例中，所述耦合馈电结构30包括四个对称分布的耦合馈电单元31，每个耦合馈电单元31的基片311呈底角为45度的等腰梯形，四个基片311按照十字型对称排列且围成正方形。每个基片311的两个底角端分别向外延伸设有一个三角形封闭环组312，每个耦合馈电单元31的两个三角形封闭环组312之间形成空隙313，每个三角形封闭环组312包括至少两个三角形封闭环3121，本实施例中，每个三角形封闭环组312包括两个三角形封闭环3121。但实际上三角形封闭环3121的具体个数不受限制，每个三角形封闭环组312可根据实际需求包括三个、四个、五个等任意多个三角形封闭环3121。优选的是，所述三角形封闭环组312包括与基片311的底角端连接的第一边和第二边，第一边与基片311的斜边在同一直线上，第二边与基片311的底边相互垂直。每个耦合馈电单元31的两个三角形封闭环组312的第二边之间形成空隙313。本实施例将低频辐射单元100中大的三角形封闭环组312拆解为多个小的三角形封闭环组312，可以降低低频辐射单元100在高频频段的RCS值，能够抑制异频散射。
如图2C所示，每个封闭环组312上优选设有至少一个枝节314和金属化过孔315，枝节314通过金属化过孔315与封闭环3121连接。优选的是，枝节314为L形或T形。本实施例在封闭环3121上增加一个L形枝节314，可以进一步降低低频辐射单元100在高频频段的RCS值。当然，封闭环3121上增加的枝节314的个数并不受具体限制，可以根据实际需要增加二个、三个等任意个数的枝节314。
本发明耦合馈电结构30的改进过程见图2和图3所示，首先只选用四个封闭环组312连接的结构作为耦合馈电结构，见图2A，每个封闭环组312不包含封闭环3121，采用该耦合馈电结构有利于基站天线的阻抗带宽。该结构在高频频段的2.2GHz-2.69GHz频段范围内的雷达散射截面RCS较大，见图3，可见该结构对高频2.2GHz-2.69GHz频段的影响较大。
为了减小耦合馈电结构对高频段的影响，将耦合馈电结构的封闭环组312拆解为两个三角形封闭环3121，见图2B，其对应的雷达散射截面RCS见图3，可明显的看出，图2B结构在2.2-2.69GHz频段范围内的RCS明显减小很多。但是，图2B结构在1.7-1.95GHz频段处的RCS略高。
在图2B结构的基础上，本发明又增加了L形枝节314，并通过金属化过孔315与三角形封闭环3121连接，见图2C，该结构有利于降低1.7-1.95GHz频段范围内的RCS值，见图3，所述耦合馈电结构30最终实现在宽频带1.71-2.69GHz频段范围的低RCS特性。
如图4所示的实施例中，所述辐射体20包括四个结构相同的辐射臂21，辐射臂21可耦合电磁波并进行辐射。四个辐射臂21分别对称叠加设于四个封闭环组312的空隙313内。每个辐射臂21包括至少两个矩形辐射段211，矩形辐射段211，且每相邻两个矩形辐射段211通过一弯折线段212连接。本实施例中，每个辐射臂21包括三个矩形辐射段211和两个弯折线段212，但每个辐射臂21的矩形辐射段211和弯折线段212的个数并不受具体限制，可以根据实际需求设置为任意个数。优选的是，矩形辐射段211的宽度大于弯折线段212的宽度。更好的是，每个辐射体20的各个矩形辐射段211的长度和/或宽度相同或不同，具体需要综合考虑其RCS和阻抗特性。每个辐射体20的各个弯折线段212的总长度和/或宽度相同或不同。本发明通过调节矩形辐射段211和弯折线段212的长宽尺寸，可达到在较宽的频带内实现低RCS的设计目的。
图6是本发明实施例的低频辐射单元的辐射体结构的RCS随频率变化的曲线图，其给出了降低天线辐射体RCS值的过程，当基站天线的辐射体为一段完整的金属片时，其在高频段的雷达散射截面RCS较大，当将辐射体20改为有二个矩形辐射段211和一个弯折线段212后辐射体20的雷达散射截面RCS有所减小。当将辐射体20改为三个矩形辐射段211和二个弯折线段212后，辐射体20的雷达散射截面RCS进一步减小。
本发明采用耦合馈电的方式实现了低频辐射单元的阻抗带宽的宽频化，可在较宽频带内实现低RCS特性，减小低频辐射单元耦合的高频辐射能量，抑制低频辐射单元对高频方向图的影响，改善高频方向图。具体而言，本发明将耦合馈电结构30的封闭环组312拆解为多个封闭环3121以及增加枝节314的方案，达到耦合馈电结构30的宽频带低RCS的目的。同时，同时将辐射体20上加载弯折线段212实现辐射体20的宽频带低RCS的目的，将具有宽带低RCS的耦合馈电结构30和具有宽带低RCS的辐射体20相结合，结合后的整体结构依然具有低RCS特性，见图7。图7给出了普通的耦合馈电天线的低频辐射单元结构与本发明的低RCS的低频辐射单元100的对比，可明显看出，本发明的低频辐射单元100具有宽频带低RCS的特性，其对高频段的辐射方向图影响更小。
如图1、图2和图4所示，优选介质基板10包括第一方形基板11，第一方形基板11的四个侧边中间处分别向外延伸出一个矩形臂12。辐射体20的四个辐射臂21分别设于第一方形基板11和矩形臂12上。该实施例中，第一方形基板11和矩形臂12一体成型。或者在另一实施例中，介质基板10包括第二方形基板和十字型基板，耦合馈电结构30设于第二方形基板上。十字型基板叠加设于第二方形基板上，且辐射体20的四个辐射臂21分别设于十字型基板上。该实施例中，第二方形基板和十字型基板并非一体成型，而是相互叠加的结构。
如图5所示，所述巴伦馈电结构40优选包括第一垂直基板41、第二垂直基板42和水平基板43，第一垂直基板41和第二垂直基板42相互正交，且第一垂直基板41和第二垂直基板42的顶端与介质基板10垂直连接，第一垂直基板41和第二垂直基板42的底端与水平基板43垂直连接。水平基板43上设有两个水平的微带转接线44。第一垂直基板41和第二垂直基板42上分别设有垂直的阶梯阻抗匹配微带线45，阶梯阻抗匹配微带线45的顶端与耦合馈电结构30连接，阶梯阻抗匹配微带线45的底端与微带转接线44连接。阶梯阻抗匹配微带线45具有宽频带的匹配作用，通过调节每段微带线枝节的长度和宽度，可调节对应段的阻抗值，实现在较宽频带内的阻抗匹配。本发明耦合馈电结构30和阶梯阻抗匹配的巴伦馈电结构40可展宽天线的阻抗带宽，实现具有宽频带特性的基站天线。
优选的是，阶梯阻抗匹配微带线45由多段不同宽度的微带线连接组成，多 段不同宽度的微带线构成阶梯状微带线结构。本实施例中，阶梯阻抗匹配微带线45由五段不同宽度的微带线451～455连接组成，但实际上阶梯阻抗匹配微带线45中不同宽度的微带线的个数并不受限制，可以根据实际需求设置为任意个数。更好的是，第一垂直基板41和第二垂直基板42上分别设有垂直微带地46。水平基板43上设有水平微带地47和两个同轴馈电端口48。本发明的低频辐射单元100的S参数特性较为良好，其在降低辐射单元雷达散射截面RCS的情况下保证了辐射单元的阻抗特性也具有宽频特性。见图8，本发明低频辐射单元100在698-960MHz频段范围内的驻波比VSWR小于1.5，隔离度S21小于-22dB。
本发明还提供一种基站天线，包括有反射板，所述反射板上分布设有多个高频辐射单元和多个如图1～2以及图3～4所示的抑制异频散射的低频辐射单元100，所述抑制异频散射的低频辐射单元100嵌套插入高频辐射单元的中间。
综上所述，本发明抑制异频散射的低频辐射单元包括介质基板、辐射体、耦合馈电结构和巴伦馈电结构；所述耦合馈电结构包括四个对称分布的耦合馈电单元，每个耦合馈电单元包括基片，所述基片的两侧分别向外设有一个封闭环组，两个封闭环组之间形成空隙，且每个封闭环组包括至少两个封闭环；优选在每个封闭环组上设有至少一个L形或T形的枝节。本发明将大的封闭环组拆解为多个小的封闭环以及增加枝节，可以降低低频辐射单元在高频频段的雷达散射截面值，能够抑制异频散射。所述辐射体包括四个辐射臂，所述四个辐射臂分别对称设于四个封闭环组的空隙内，优选每个辐射臂包括至少两个矩形辐射段，每相邻两个矩形辐射段通过一弯折线段连接，本发明将辐射体上加载弯折线段可进一步降低在高频频段的雷达散射截面值。借此，本发明能够降低低频辐射单元在高频频段的雷达散射截面值，抑制低频辐射单元对高频方向图的影响，从而改善高频方向图。更好的是，本发明巴伦馈电结构采用阶梯阻抗匹配微带线，所述阶梯阻抗匹配微带线可展宽天线的阻抗带宽，实现宽频带特性，本发明将具有低雷达散射截面值的耦合馈电结构、具有低雷达散射截面值的辐射体以及具有宽频特性的巴伦馈电结构组合，可在较宽频带内实现低雷达散射截面值特性，减小低频辐射单元耦合的高频辐射能量，抑制低频辐射单元对高频方向图的影响，实现具有抑制异频散射的宽频带双极化的低辐射单元和基站天线。
当然，本发明还可有其它多种实施例，在不背离本发明精神及其实质的情 况下，熟悉本领域的技术人员当可根据本发明作出各种相应的改变和变形，但这些相应的改变和变形都应属于本发明所附的权利要求的保护范围。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种抑制异频散射的低频辐射单元，其特征在于，包括介质基板、辐射体、耦合馈电结构和巴伦馈电结构；
    所述辐射体和所述耦合馈电结构均设于所述介质基板上；
    所述耦合馈电结构包括四个对称分布的耦合馈电单元，每个所述耦合馈电单元包括基片，所述基片的两侧分别向外延伸设有一个封闭环组，每个所述耦合馈电单元的两个所述封闭环组之间形成空隙，且每个所述封闭环组包括至少两个封闭环；
    所述辐射体包括四个辐射臂，所述四个辐射臂分别对称设于四个所述封闭环组的所述空隙内；
    所述巴伦馈电结构设于所述介质基板下方，所述巴伦馈电结构的底端连接微带转接线，所述巴伦馈电结构的顶端连接所述耦合馈电结构。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的抑制异频散射的低频辐射单元，其特征在于，四个所述耦合馈电单元的所述基片对称排列；每个所述基片为多边形、圆形、半圆形、椭圆形或不规则形；所述封闭环为多边形、圆形、半圆形、椭圆形或不规则形。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的抑制异频散射的低频辐射单元，其特征在于，所述耦合馈电单元的所述基片呈底角为45度的等腰梯形，四个所述基片按照十字型对称排列且围成正方形；每个所述基片的两个底角端分别向外延伸设有一个三角形封闭环组，每个所述耦合馈电单元的两个所述三角形封闭环组之间形成所述空隙，每个所述三角形封闭环组包括至少两个三角形封闭环。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的抑制异频散射的低频辐射单元，其特征在于，所述三角形封闭环组包括与所述基片的所述底角端连接的第一边和第二边，所述第一边与所述基片的斜边在同一直线上，所述第二边与所述基片的底边相互垂直；每个所述耦合馈电单元的两个所述三角形封闭环组的所述第二边之间形成所述空隙。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的抑制异频散射的低频辐射单元，其特征在于，每个所述封闭环组上设有至少一个枝节和金属化过孔，所述枝节通过所述金属化过孔与所述封闭环连接。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的抑制异频散射的低频辐射单元，其特征在于，所述枝节为L形或T形。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的抑制异频散射的低频辐射单元，其特征在于，每个所述辐射臂包括至少两个矩形辐射段，每相邻两个所述矩形辐射段通过一弯折线段连接。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的抑制异频散射的低频辐射单元，其特征在于，所述矩形辐射段的宽度大于所述弯折线段的宽度。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的抑制异频散射的低频辐射单元，其特征在于，每个所述辐射体的各个所述矩形辐射段的长度和/或宽度相同或不同；每个所述辐射体的各个所述弯折线段的长度和/或宽度相同或不同。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的抑制异频散射的低频辐射单元，其特征在于，所述介质基板包括第一方形基板，所述第一方形基板的四个侧边中间处分别向外延伸出一个矩形臂；所述辐射体的所述四个辐射臂分别设于所述第一方形基板和所述矩形臂上。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的抑制异频散射的低频辐射单元，其特征在于，所述介质基板包括第二方形基板和十字型基板，所述耦合馈电结构设于所述第二方形基板上；所述十字型基板叠加设于所述第二方形基板上，且所述辐射体的所述四个辐射臂分别设于所述十字型基板上。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的抑制异频散射的低频辐射单元，其特征在于，所述巴伦馈电结构包括第一垂直基板、第二垂直基板和水平基板，所述第一垂直基板和所述第二垂直基板相互正交，且所述第一垂直基板和所述第二垂直基板的顶端与所述介质基板垂直连接，所述第一垂直基板和所述第二垂直基板的底端与所述水平基板垂直连接；所述水平基板上设有两个所述微带转接线；所述第一垂直基板和所述第二垂直基板上分别设有阶梯阻抗匹配微带线，所述阶梯阻抗匹配微带线的顶端与所述耦合馈电结构连接，所述阶梯阻抗匹配微带线的底端与所述微带转接线连接。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的抑制异频散射的低频辐射单元，其特征在于，所述阶梯阻抗匹配微带线由多段不同宽度的微带线连接组成。
  14. 根据权利要求12所述的抑制异频散射的低频辐射单元，其特征在于，所述第一垂直基板和所述第二垂直基板上分别设有垂直微带地；所述水平基板 上设有水平微带地和两个同轴馈电端口。
  15. 一种基站天线，其特征在于，包括有反射板，所述反射板上分布设有多个高频辐射单元和多个如权利要求1～14任一项所述的抑制异频散射的低频辐射单元，所述抑制异频散射的低频辐射单元嵌套插入所述高频辐射单元的中间。
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CN116154478B (zh) * 2023-04-19 2023-06-20 湖南大学 小型化mimo天线

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