WO2022233450A1 - Optisch variables sicherheitselement - Google Patents
Optisch variables sicherheitselement Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022233450A1 WO2022233450A1 PCT/EP2022/025130 EP2022025130W WO2022233450A1 WO 2022233450 A1 WO2022233450 A1 WO 2022233450A1 EP 2022025130 W EP2022025130 W EP 2022025130W WO 2022233450 A1 WO2022233450 A1 WO 2022233450A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- pattern
- motif
- length
- pattern elements
- security element
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 87
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- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- 210000003128 head Anatomy 0.000 description 8
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
- B42D25/324—Reliefs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
- B42D25/29—Securities; Bank notes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
- B42D25/36—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
- B42D25/364—Liquid crystals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
- B42D25/36—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
- B42D25/373—Metallic materials
Definitions
- the invention relates to an optically variable security element. Furthermore, the invention relates to a document of value with the optically variable security element.
- Optically variable security elements for example on banknotes, are known from the prior art.
- a viewer has different visual impressions depending on the viewing angle.
- the different viewing angles can be achieved by tilting the optically variable element or a document of value with the optically variable element about an axis, while the viewing direction of the viewer and the direction of illumination of the optically variable element remain unchanged.
- WO 2011/066990 A2 relates to a security element with a surface area that is divided into pixels.
- the pixels include at least one optically effective facet.
- the facets of the security element are oriented in such a way that a viewer can perceive the surface area as a surface that protrudes and/or recedes in relation to its actual three-dimensional shape.
- the perceptible surface can appear curved.
- WO 2016/180522 A1 relates to an optically variable security element with a flat motif area.
- the subject area includes facets that can reflect light from a light source.
- a first facet can reflect the light in the direction of a first eye of an observer and a second facet can reflect the light in the direction of a second eye of the observer.
- An offset between the first facet and the second facet is interpreted by the viewer as floating a point below the subject area.
- Two facets per point are required to encode an image, which means that the production of such a security element is relatively complex.
- the invention is based on the object of providing an optically variable security element which enables improved protection against forgery and its authenticity easily verifiable by an observer.
- a further object of the invention is to provide an optically variable security element that can be produced relatively easily and inexpensively.
- An optically variable security element comprises a motif area.
- a multiplicity of differently oriented facets are arranged in the motif area.
- a pattern with visible pattern elements is visible to an observer in the motif area at least from a first viewing angle.
- the visible pattern elements are designed differently in order to represent a motif for the viewer.
- the motif is a three-dimensional motif.
- the pattern elements are designed so differently that they represent a perspective of the three-dimensional motif for the viewer.
- Security elements can be applied to an item to enable verification of the item's authenticity.
- an object can be, for example, a check, a bank card, a document, a deed, an identity card, a piece of clothing (a label of a piece of clothing) or a bank note.
- a distortion of the pattern elements can give the observer a three-dimensional impression of the pattern. In this case, it is not necessary to arrange two facets on the security element for one pixel, see WO 2016/180522 A1. The viewer can assess the authenticity of the security element or of the object with the security element easily and with good certainty.
- the pattern elements can be perceptible in such a way that a viewer is given the impression that a pattern with pattern elements with similar shapes has been laid around the surface of a three-dimensional object, e.g. a (hemi)sphere, a cylinder, a face or an apple.
- a three-dimensional object e.g. a (hemi)sphere, a cylinder, a face or an apple.
- the three-dimensional impression can be created by different shapes of the pattern elements.
- a portion of the pattern can be perceived in three dimensions.
- the three-dimensionally perceptible section of the pattern can be the motif.
- the entire pattern can be perceived in three dimensions.
- the entire pattern can be the motif.
- the pattern can be an optically variable pattern.
- the pattern elements are arranged in the pattern in such a way that the motif in the pattern can be perceived in three dimensions by the viewer.
- the security element can give an observer (a person) an optical impression without any aids, so that the observer can visually perceive the authenticity of the object provided with the security element without any aids.
- An optical security element is particularly suitable for simple or everyday authenticity checks by a human.
- the optical impression can be perceived in a wavelength range from 400 nm to 780 nm.
- the security element can thus convey a first visual impression at least from a first viewing angle and a second visual impression at least from a second viewing angle, the first visual impression and the second visual impression being different.
- the security element can be applied to the object to be protected, for example a banknote or a precursor of a banknote, for example as a patch (patch/sticker) or strip.
- the security element can be configured flat.
- the area of the security element can be a maximum of 5000 mm 2 , preferably a maximum of 2500 mm 2 , more preferably a maximum of 1500 mm 2 , more preferably a maximum of 1000 mm 2 .
- the security element can have a length that is at least five times, preferably at least ten times, greater than its width.
- the security element can have a width of at least 1 mm.
- the security element can be provided as a thread, as a strip or as a patch.
- a security paper can be a precursor to a document of value.
- a security paper can be paper that has not yet been fully printed.
- a security paper can comprise at least one security element, at least one window and/or at least one security feature.
- the security element can be applied to a document of value or security paper.
- the security element can extend from one side of the value document or security paper to another side of the value document or security paper.
- the sides can be opposite sides.
- the security element can have a length that is the same as the width or height of the value document or security paper.
- the security element can be introduced at least partially into the document of value or into the security paper.
- the security element can be introduced into the document of value or the security paper in such a way that sections of the security element are visible to an observer and sections of the security element are not visible to the observer.
- the security element can be introduced into the document of value or the security paper in such a way that sections of the security element are covered by the document of value or the security paper and sections of the security element are not covered by the document of value or the security paper.
- the pattern in the motif area, can be visible with the visible pattern elements.
- the motif can be partially or completely visible in the pattern.
- the motif area can have an area which is the same as the area of the security element.
- the area of the motif area can be at most 95%, preferably at most 90%, more preferably at most 75%, more preferably at most 50%, more preferably at most 30%, more preferably at most 20% of the area of the security element.
- the area of the motif area can be at least 20%, preferably at least 40%, more preferably at least 60%, more preferably at least 80%, more preferably at least 90% of the area of the security element.
- the security element can have a width of at most 500 mm, preferably at most 250 mm, more preferably at most 100 mm, more preferably at most 50 mm.
- the security element can have a height of at most 500 mm, preferably at most 250 mm, more preferably at most 100 mm, more preferably at most 80 mm.
- the facets can be surfaces of microreflectors. Each surface of a microreflector can be a facet.
- the micro-reflectors can be micro-mirrors. Preferably, the micro-reflectors are micro-mirrors each having an inclined facet.
- the microreflectors, in particular the micromirrors can be designed as described in DE 102005061 749 A1.
- the microreflectors, in particular the micromirrors can be produced or manufactured as described in DE 102005 061 749 A1.
- the facets can be specularly reflective facets.
- the facets are preferably non-diffractive facets.
- Ficht can be reflected at the facets, in particular in a wavelength range from 400 nm to 780 nm.
- the facet is preferably at least 30%, more preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 70%, more preferably at least 80%, more preferably at least 90% reflected at the facets.
- the facets can have a refractive effect. This can be provided, for example, when the security element is used for viewing through.
- a refractive effect can be achieved when the facets are present at the interface between two materials with different refractive indices.
- the difference in refractive index of the two materials is greater than 0.1, more preferably greater than 0.2, more preferably greater than 0.5.
- Such an interface can be present between two different layers within a layer composite or on the surface of the security element.
- one of the materials can be fuft.
- the security element can comprise an arrangement of facets, in particular of microreflectors with the facets.
- the arrangement of facets can comprise a relief structure with a reflection-enhancing coating.
- the arrangement of facets can comprise a relief structure with a metal coating.
- the array of facets may include an embossed embossing lacquer layer.
- a dimension of each of the facets may be between 2 mhi and 300 mhi, preferably between 3 mhi and 100 mhi, more preferably between 5 mhi and 50 mhi.
- the facets can be inclined or tilted with respect to a plane (xy plane) defined by the security element. This allows light from a light source to be reflected to a point by different degrees from different facets that are tilted differently from the plane. By appropriately choosing the tilt of different facets, a subject can be visible to a viewer through a reflection of light. In particular, depending on the viewing angle, different optical impressions can be visible to the viewer.
- the facets can be provided with a reflective or reflection-increasing coating.
- a metallic or high refractive index coating can be applied to the facets.
- a (color-shifting or color-filtering) multi-layer system can be applied to the facets.
- the facets can be provided with a liquid crystal coating.
- facets may be formed or formed by an embossing process in an embossable layer, e.g., in an embossing lacquer layer.
- the embossable layer may be or may be applied to a substrate.
- the embossable layer can be a film, in particular a thermoplastic film.
- the embossable layer can be a radiation-curable lacquer.
- the embossable layer can have several sub-layers.
- the facets can be overlaid with structures whose dimensions are preferably smaller than the wavelengths of visible light, but are preferably equal to or larger than a quarter of the wavelength of visible light.
- the structures can be referred to as sub-wavelength structures.
- Subwavelength structures can be periodic structures whose period is in the range from 50 nm to 500 nm, preferably from 100 nm to 400 nm.
- Subwavelength structures can be aperiodic structures whose structure width is in the range from 50 nm to 500 nm, preferably from 100 nm to 400 nm.
- the colored representation can be independently adjustable or selectable for each of the facets.
- a color change can be achieved as a color effect dependent on the viewing angle.
- a viewing angle dependent color effect can be combined with a kinematic effect, in particular with a kinematic effect described herein.
- the pattern in the motif area can be a regular pattern or an irregular pattern. In particular, the pattern is a regular pattern.
- Pattern elements of the pattern can be recurring elements in the pattern.
- a pattern can include a large number of pattern elements.
- the pattern may comprise at least 9, preferably at least 20, more preferably at least 30, more preferably at least 50 pattern elements.
- the pattern elements can have a contour.
- the contour can be an outer contour.
- the pattern element can be delimited (optically) from its surroundings by the contour.
- the contour may surround an interior portion of the pattern element.
- the motif in the pattern may be perceptible to the viewer from just one eye of the viewer.
- the motif in the pattern may also be perceptible to the viewer from two of the viewer's eyes.
- the motif in the pattern can be perceptible to the viewer from exactly one eye or from both eyes of the viewer.
- the three-dimensional impression of the motif can be perceived by the viewer through the shapes of the pattern elements.
- a first pattern element (or one of the pattern elements) may appear distorted relative to a second pattern element (or another of the pattern elements).
- the visible pattern elements can include perspectively distorted pattern elements.
- the perspectively distorted pattern elements can be visible in the motif by the viewer.
- the visible pattern elements can include undistorted pattern elements.
- the undistorted pattern elements may be visible to the viewer outside of the subject.
- the pattern elements can be distorted in such a way that the pattern elements can be perceived running towards a common vanishing point.
- a first pattern element of the pattern elements can be perspectively distorted differently compared to a second pattern element of the pattern elements. At least 3, preferably at least 5, more preferably at least 7, more preferably at least 10 of the pattern elements can be distorted with respect to one of the pattern elements.
- a distortion can be a deformation, a stretching and/or a shearing.
- Elongation can be stretching or compression.
- a first pattern element can have a larger area than a second pattern element.
- a first pattern element can have a smaller area than a second pattern element.
- An area of a pattern element can be an area surrounded by a contour of the pattern element.
- the contour of the first pattern element can be perceived differently than the contour of the second pattern element.
- the pattern elements can be submotifs.
- the pattern elements can themselves be motifs.
- the sub-motif can have a sub-motif form perceptible to the viewer.
- a submotive shape is, for example, a circle, a square or an apple.
- the sub-motif is a polygon, a rectangle or a triangle.
- the sub-subject can have an outline.
- the contour can be an outer contour.
- the sub-motif can be (optically) delimited from its surroundings by the contour.
- the outline may surround an interior portion of the sub-subject.
- Sub-motifs with the same sub-motif shape can be visible in the pattern.
- at least 5, preferably at least 10, more preferably at least 15, more preferably at least 20 sub-motifs with the same sub-motif shape can be visible in the pattern.
- Submotives with the same submotive forms can be made to coincide.
- sub-motifs can be made to coincide with the same sub-motif shapes without changing the sub-motifs, for example without enlarging them or without centric stretching.
- Two sub-motifs with corresponding shapes can be made to coincide by enlarging or centrically stretching one of the sub-motifs.
- the sub-motif shape of a first sub-motif (first pattern element) and the sub-motif shape of a second sub-motif (second pattern element) can each be a square.
- the side lengths of the square first sub-motif can be smaller than the side lengths of the square second sub-motif.
- the first sub-motif and the second sub-motif can be made to coincide by enlarging or centric stretching.
- two motifs can cover each other if the areas of the motifs, for example the areas of the motifs surrounded by the respective contour of the motif, are at least 80%, preferably at least 85%, more preferably at least 90%, more preferably at least 92%, more preferably at least 94%, more preferably at least 96%, more preferably at least 98%, more preferably at least 99%, more preferably at least 99.5%, more preferably at least 99.8%, more preferably completely .
- the pattern elements can be lines (line pattern elements).
- the pattern elements can be L-shaped.
- the pattern elements can be cross-shaped.
- the pattern elements can be V-shaped.
- the pattern elements can be in the form of lines.
- a line pattern element cannot have a face.
- a line pattern element cannot have an outline.
- the pattern elements can be flat pattern elements.
- a planar pattern element can be consistently light or consistently dark visible to the viewer.
- the pattern elements can be full-surface pattern elements.
- the pattern elements can be surface contour pattern elements.
- the surface contour pattern elements can each have a contour that surrounds an inner section of the respective pattern element.
- the outline may be light visible to the viewer and the interior portion of the pattern element may be dark visible to the viewer.
- the contour may be darkly visible to the viewer and the interior portion of the pattern element may be lightly visible to the viewer, particularly when the area surrounding the contour is lightly visible to the viewer.
- the surface contour pattern elements can each have a frame that surrounds an inner section of the respective pattern element.
- the frame can be bright from that be visible to the viewer and the interior portion of the pattern element may be obscurely visible to the viewer.
- the frame can be dark visible to the viewer and the interior portion of the pattern element can be light visible to the viewer.
- a frame may have a greater width than an outline, particularly if the area surrounding the outline is brightly visible to the viewer.
- the visible pattern elements can be independent pattern elements. Standalone pattern elements cannot overlap. Independent pattern elements can be spaced apart from one another.
- the visible pattern elements can be connected pattern elements. Connected pattern elements can overlap. Standalone pattern elements cannot be spaced from each other.
- the kinematic effect is preferably a movement of at least one, in particular some or all, of the pattern elements or a movement of the three-dimensional motif or a movement of an additional, independent motif in the motif area.
- the additional motif is not predetermined by the three-dimensional motif, ie it is not dependent on its three-dimensionality and/or motif shape, for example, but is an independent motif.
- the movement of the pattern element(s), the three-dimensional motif or the additional motif will in particular change their shape, their size, their position and/or their orientation (rotation).
- the kinematic effect can be a movement of at least one, in particular some or all, of the pattern elements.
- the pattern elements can change their shape, their size, their position, their area and/or their orientation (rotation).
- the position of the pattern elements is particularly preferably static, with the size of the (stationary/static) pattern elements also preferably changing.
- the cinematic effect can be a movement of all pattern elements in the motif.
- the kinematic effect can be a movement of all pattern elements that are distorted.
- the movement of the pattern elements can be over a maximum of 30%, preferably over a maximum of 25%, more preferably over a maximum of 20%, more preferably over a maximum of 15%, more preferably over a maximum of 10%, more preferably over a maximum of 5%, a height or width of the pattern of be perceptible to the viewer.
- the movement of the pattern elements can be over a maximum of 30%, preferably over a maximum of 25%, more preferably over a maximum of 20%, more preferably over a maximum of 15%, more preferably over a maximum of 10%, more preferably over a maximum of 5%, a height or width of the motif area of be perceptible to the viewer.
- the kinematic effect can be a movement of an additional, preferably independent, motif in the motif area.
- the kinematic effect (depending on the viewing angle) can be over at least 10%, preferably over at least 20%, more preferably over at least 30%, more preferably over at least 40%, more preferably over at least 50%, more preferably over at least 60%, more preferably over at least 10%, more preferably over at least 80%, more preferably over at least 90%, of a height or width of the pattern be perceivable by the viewer.
- the kinematic effect can be perceived as constantly or continuously moving over the height or width of the pattern.
- the kinematic effect (depending on the viewing angle) can be over at least 10%, preferably over at least 20%, more preferably over at least 30%, more preferably over at least 40%, more preferably over at least 50%, more preferably over at least 60%, more preferably over at least 10%, more preferably over at least 80%, more preferably over at least 90%, of a height or width of the subject area be perceivable by the viewer.
- the cinematic effect can be perceived as running or continuous over the height or width of the subject area.
- the kinematic effect can be a motion effect.
- the kinematic effect can be perceived by the viewer as continuous movement.
- the movement takes place, in particular, quasi-continuously (in sufficiently small partial steps).
- the increments of movement in one direction are preferably at least smaller than an (average or the local) size (or extent) of a pattern element in the direction, more preferably smaller than 40%, more preferably smaller than 25%, the size.
- the kinematic effect can be a pumping effect.
- a movement in particular a change in size and/or shape, can be represented as pumping if the movement, such as a change in size or shape, occurs inversely with continued tilting (same tilting direction), i.e., for example, an inverse change in size and/or shape occurs.
- the pattern element(s), three-dimensional motif or additional motif returns to its original size and/or shape when tilted after being changed in size or shape.
- the position of the subject may change due to the cinematic effect.
- the shape of the subject may change due to the cinematic effect.
- the subject's position may be altered compared to the subject's position at the first viewing angle.
- the shape of the subject may be changed compared to the shape of the subject at the first viewing angle.
- the visual appearance of the subject may be altered compared to the visual appearance of the subject at the first viewing angle.
- the shapes of the pattern elements may be changed compared to the shapes of the pattern elements at the first viewing angle.
- all or some of the pattern elements may have become larger or smaller. It is also conceivable and often advantageous because it is particularly noticeable if part of the pattern elements becomes larger and another part of the pattern elements smaller. Adjacent pattern elements can advantageously alternately become larger or smaller.
- the first viewing angle and the second viewing angle can be different viewing angles.
- the first and the second viewing angle can differ by a maximum of 40°, preferably by a maximum of 30°, more preferably by a maximum of 20°, more preferably by a maximum of 10°.
- a transition from the first viewing angle to the second viewing angle can be carried out by tilting the security element about an axis that lies in a plane of the security element.
- Continuous tilting of the security element can make it possible to perceive a continuous movement.
- the movement of the pattern element/three-dimensional motif/additional motif takes place quasi-continuously, ie in particular in such small partial steps that the partial steps are no longer perceived as discrete changes by the viewer.
- the position of the motif can be perceived as changing continuously.
- the shape of the motif can be perceived as continuously changing.
- the optical impression of the motif can be perceived as continuously changing.
- the shapes of pattern elements can be perceived as continuously changing, in particular as they decrease or increase.
- the kinematic effect can be perceived by the viewer through a change in contours and/or shapes of pattern elements.
- the kinematic effect can be achieved by changing the contours and/or shapes by at least 10%, preferably at least 20%, more preferably at least 30%, more preferably at least 40%, more preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 60%, more preferably at least 70%, more preferably at least 80%, more preferably at least 90%, of the pattern elements are perceivable by the viewer.
- the kinematic effect can be perceivable by the viewer through a change in the positions of pattern elements.
- the kinematic effect can be achieved by changing the positions by at least 10%, preferably at least 20%, more preferably at least 30%, more preferably at least 40%, more preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 60%, more preferably at least 70%, more preferably at least 80% at least 90% of the pattern elements to be perceivable by the viewer.
- the contours and/or shapes of pattern elements can be perceptible to the viewer depending on the tilting of the optically variable security element about the axis.
- the positions of pattern elements can be perceptible to the viewer depending on the tilting of the optically variable security element about the axis.
- the kinematic effect can be perceivable by the viewer through a change in sizes of pattern elements.
- the cinematic effect can be perceivable by the viewer by changing a position of the additional motif.
- the kinematic effect can preferably be perceived by the viewer through a change in the position of a section that appears bright.
- the section that appears bright can be a continuous section or a continuous section.
- the light-acting section can comprise at least two, preferably several, light-acting sections. The light-acting sections can be spaced apart from one another.
- the cinematic effect can be a movement of an additional subject.
- the kinematic effect is a movement of an additional subject with a geometric subject shape.
- the additional motif can include a light-looking section or can be a light-looking section.
- a first kinematic effect and a second kinematic effect can be perceptible by the viewer in the security element or in the pattern.
- the first kinematic effect and the second kinematic effect can be different kinematic effects.
- a first kinematic effect By tilting the optically variable security element about a first axis, which lies in a plane of the security element, a first kinematic effect can be perceived by the viewer in the pattern.
- a second kinematic effect By tilting the optically variable security element about a second axis, which lies in a plane of the security element, a second kinematic effect can be perceptible by the viewer in the pattern.
- the second axis can be non-parallel to the first axis.
- An angle (greater than 0) can be formed between the second axis and the first axis.
- the first axis may be oriented substantially ( ⁇ 10%) perpendicular to the second axis.
- the first kinematic effect can be a movement of the pattern element(s).
- the first cinematic effect can be a movement of the three-dimensional subject.
- the second kinematic effect can be a movement of an additional, in particular independent, motif.
- the second kinematic effect is preferably a movement of a section that appears bright, in particular with an independent additional motif shape and/or width.
- the second kinematic effect is a movement of the three-dimensional motif or of the pattern element(s).
- Each of the facets can define a normal vector having a first orientation component and a second orientation component.
- a normal vector can be oriented or defined orthogonally on the respective facet.
- the facets can be tilted with respect to an x-y plane defined by the security element.
- Various facets can be tilted differently in relation to an x-y plane defined by the security element. Normal vectors of differently tilted facets can differ from one another by the first and/or second orientation component.
- the second orientation components of the normal vectors of the facets cannot influence the (first) kinematic effect.
- the (first) kinematic effect can be defined independently of the second orientation components of the normal vectors of the facets.
- An additional motif can be perceivable by the viewer in the motif area or the security element.
- the additional subject may be perceptible as a bright-looking section.
- a brightly perceptible portion exhibits a higher relative light intensity reflected toward the viewer than a darkly perceptible portion at the given viewing angle under non-diffuse illumination, such as from the sun or a point light source.
- the relative reflected light intensity is a ratio of reflected light intensity to incident light intensity. When light from a light source is fully reflected, the relative reflected light intensity is 100%.
- the relative reflected light intensity can be at least 5%, preferably at least 10%, more preferably at least 20%, more preferably at least 30%, more preferably at least 40%, more preferably at least 50% greater than the relative reflected light intensity in a dark area perceptible section.
- the percentages can be percentage points. In the dark sections, less light may be reflected overall, or the facets may reflect the light in a different direction away from the viewer.
- the additional motif can cover an area of at least 2%, preferably at least 4%, more preferably at least 6%, more preferably at least 8%, more preferably at least 10%, more preferably at least 12%, more preferably at least 14%, more preferably at least 16%, more preferably at least 18%, more preferably at least 20%, more preferably at least 22%, more preferably at least 24%, more preferably at least 26%, more preferably at least 28%, more preferably at least 30% of the total area of the pattern.
- the additional motif can cover an area of at least 2%, preferably at least 4%, more preferably at least 6%, more preferably at least 8%, more preferably at least 10%, more preferably at least 12%, more preferably at least 14%, more preferably at least 16%, more preferably at least 18%, more preferably at least 20%, more preferably at least 22%, more preferably at least 24%, more preferably at least 26%, more preferably at least 28%, more preferably at least 30% of the total area of the motif area.
- Portions that do not appear white may be visible in the additional subject, particularly when the supplemental subject is a portion that appears light.
- the additional motif can be visible in stripes.
- the additional motif can be perceived in the form of strips and can extend from one side of the pattern to another side of the pattern, in particular to an opposite side of the pattern.
- the additional motif can include several bright-looking sections that reflect incident light towards the viewer and are therefore perceptible to the viewer.
- the additional motif can be perceived as running or moving over the three-dimensional motif.
- the position of the additional motif can be perceivable by the viewer depending on the tilting of the optically variable security element about one axis, in particular about the second axis.
- the additional motif in particular the position of the additional motif, can be defined by the second orientation components of the normal vectors of the facets.
- the first orientation components of the normal vectors of the facets cannot influence the additional motif, in particular the position of the additional motif.
- the additional motif in particular the position of the additional motif, can be defined independently of the first orientation components of the normal vectors of the facets.
- the motif in the pattern can be discernible as a non-planar surface of the pattern.
- the motif in the pattern can be perceived as a curved surface of the pattern.
- the pattern elements can be perceptible to the viewer at least in sections, preferably completely, in a regular grid.
- the pattern elements can be perceptible to the viewer at least in sections, preferably completely, in an irregular grid.
- Contours of the pattern elements can have rectilinear sections. Contours of the pattern elements can have curved sections. Contours of the pattern elements can have curved sections.
- Sections of the contours of the pattern elements can be perceived parallel to one another. Sections of the contours of the pattern elements can be perceived as non-parallel to one another.
- At least one of the pattern elements can have a closed contour. At least one of the pattern elements, preferably at most 50% of the pattern elements, can have an interrupted contour.
- At least one of the pattern elements can be completely visible in the motif area.
- At least one of the pattern elements preferably at most 50% of the pattern elements, can be interrupted or cut off in the motif area.
- the pattern can change suddenly. Contours of the pattern elements can be visible as a light line.
- Contours of the pattern elements can be visible as a line that appears dark.
- An optically variable security element can comprise a motif area, in which case a pattern with visible pattern elements in the motif area can be visible to an observer at least from a first viewing angle. A three-dimensional impression can be perceived by the observer at least in a section of the pattern. By tilting the optically variable security element about a first axis, a first kinematic effect can be perceptible by the viewer in the pattern.
- the three-dimensional impression can be perceivable in the section of the pattern for the viewer through exactly one eye of the viewer.
- the three-dimensional impression can also be perceptible to the viewer from two of the viewer's eyes.
- the three-dimensional impression can be perceptible to the viewer from exactly one eye or from two eyes of the viewer.
- the three-dimensional impression of the motif can be perceptible to the viewer through the shapes of the pattern elements and/or their arrangement.
- the first kinematic effect can be a movement of pattern elements.
- the pattern elements can each have a contour.
- the contour of at least one first pattern element can be different from the contour of at least one second pattern element.
- the contours and/or shapes of the pattern elements can be designed in such a way that the three-dimensional impression of the pattern can be perceived by the observer at least in the section of the pattern.
- the pattern elements can be arranged in the pattern in such a way that the viewer can perceive the three-dimensional impression of the pattern at least in the section of the pattern.
- the first pattern element can be visible in a distorted manner in relation to the second pattern element.
- the pattern elements can be submotifs.
- the first kinematic effect can be perceivable by the viewer through a change in contours and/or shapes of pattern elements.
- contours and/or shapes of pattern elements can be perceivable by the viewer depending on the tilting of the optically variable security element about the first axis.
- the optically variable security element can comprise a large number of facets.
- the facets can have different orientations.
- the optically variable security element can include micromirrors.
- a surface of a respective micromirror can be a facet.
- a normal vector having a first orientation component and a second orientation component can be defined by the facets.
- Each normal vector can be defined by each facet.
- the facets can be tilted with respect to an x-y plane defined by the optically variable security element.
- the first kinematic effect can be defined by the first orientation components of the normal vectors of the facets.
- a second kinematic effect By tilting the optically variable security element about a second axis, a second kinematic effect can be perceptible by the viewer in the pattern.
- the second kinematic effect may be perceivable by the viewer over at least 10% of the height or width of the pattern.
- the second kinematic effect can be perceptible by the viewer through a change in a position of an additional motif, in particular a section of the pattern that appears bright.
- the position of the additional motif can be perceivable by the viewer depending on the tilting of the optically variable security element about the second axis.
- the facets can be tilted with respect to an x-y plane defined by the optically variable security element.
- the second kinematic effect can be defined by the second orientation components of the normal vectors of the facets.
- a document of value can comprise any of the security elements disclosed herein.
- the value document can be a check, a bank card, a document, a deed, an identity card, a piece of clothing (a label of a piece of clothing) or a bank note.
- the document of value can comprise at least one further security element.
- the further security element can be a security element that can be perceived by an observer.
- the further security element can be a security element that cannot be perceived by an observer.
- the further security element can be a security element that can be perceived by a machine.
- the document of value can include at least one security feature.
- the security feature can be printed on the document of value.
- the security feature can be incorporated into a substrate of the document of value.
- the security feature can be a security feature that can be perceived by an observer.
- the security feature can be a security feature that cannot be perceived by an observer.
- the security feature can be a security feature that can be perceived by a machine.
- 1 shows a document of value 100 with a security element 10 and a pattern 30 in a motif area 20;
- Fig. 2 shows a pattern 30
- Figure 4 shows pattern 30 from a second viewing angle
- Figure 5 shows pattern 30 from a third viewing angle
- Figure 6 shows pattern 30 from a fourth viewing angle
- Fig. 7 shows pattern elements 50, 50a, 50b of a pattern 30
- Fig. 8 shows pattern elements 50, 50a, 50b of a pattern 30
- Fig. 9 shows a pattern 30
- Fig. 10 shows pattern elements 50, 50a, 50b of a pattern 30
- Fig. 11 shows pattern elements 50, 50a, 50b of a pattern 30
- Fig. 12 shows pattern elements 50, 50a, 50b of a pattern 30
- Fig. 13 shows a pattern 30
- Fig. 14 shows a micromirror 110 with a facet 111.
- FIG. 1 shows a document of value 100 with a security element 10.
- the security element 10 comprises at least one motif area 20.
- a pattern 30 can be visible to an observer.
- the document of value 100 can be a bank note, for example.
- a carrier or substrate of the document of value 100 can comprise or consist of one or more layers of paper.
- the carrier or the substrate of the document of value 100 can alternatively comprise or consist of one or more plastic layers. Further alternatively, the carrier or the substrate of the document of value 100 can comprise at least one paper layer and at least one plastic layer.
- the security element 10 can be applied to the carrier (or the substrate) of the document of value 100, for example as a security strip or security patch.
- the security elements are placed on a transfer carrier, for example a plastic film, provided and then transferred from the transfer carrier (released and) onto the carrier of the document of value.
- the security element is introduced into the carrier of the document of value, for example as a security thread.
- the security element can in particular already be introduced into the carrier during the manufacture of the carrier, for example during the production of paper or film or between two partial layers of the carrier.
- FIG. 2 shows a pattern 30.
- the pattern 30 is visible (perceivable) in a motif area 20 of a security element 10 by a viewer from a first viewing angle.
- pattern elements 50 are visible in the pattern 30 .
- pattern elements are generally summarized by reference number 50 .
- Specific pattern elements 50 can be identified by reference numerals 50, 50a and 50b.
- pattern elements 50 can be arranged regularly in a grid. Contours 51 and/or shapes of pattern elements 50 in the first section can be the same as each other. Pattern elements 50 in the first section may be undistorted.
- Pattern elements 50 can be arranged regularly in a grid in a second section 65b. Contours 51 and/or shapes of pattern elements 50 in the first section can be the same as each other. Pattern elements 50 in the first section may be undistorted.
- a contour 51 of a pattern element 50 can define the shape of the pattern element 50 .
- the contour 51 of a pattern element 50 may surround an interior portion of the pattern element 50 .
- a pattern element 50 can also have a shape without the pattern element having a contour.
- the pattern elements can be lines.
- the pattern elements 50 can be planar pattern elements 50 or planar contour pattern elements 50 .
- the pattern elements 50 are shown hatched over the area in order to emphasize the pattern elements 50 in terms of representation. Such hatching is generally not visible to the viewer. This is also the case for the representations of Figures 9 and 13.
- a motif 60 is perceivable by the viewer.
- the motif 60 appears three-dimensional to the viewer.
- the motif 60 appears as a section of a spherical surface, e.g., a hemisphere.
- the viewer gets the impression that a regular arrangement of pattern elements 50 has been laid over a three-dimensional object, for example a sphere.
- the viewer's three-dimensional impression of the motif 60 can be brought about by a distortion of pattern elements 50 in the region of the motif 60 .
- the three-dimensional impression of the motif 60 can be brought about by a distortion of contours 51 and/or shapes of pattern elements 50 in the region of the motif 60 .
- contours 51 of pattern elements 50 in the area of the motif 60 can be deformed or distorted compared to contours 51 of pattern elements 50 outside of the motif 60 .
- the contours 51 of pattern elements 50 in the area of the motif 60 can be compressed, stretched or sheared in relation to contours 51 of pattern elements 50 outside of the motif 60 .
- the shapes of pattern elements 50 in the area of motif 60 can be deformed or distorted compared to the shapes of pattern elements 50 outside of motif 60 .
- the shapes of pattern elements 50 in the area of motif 60 can be compressed, stretched or sheared compared to the shapes of pattern elements 50 outside of motif 60 .
- the subject 60 is perceptible at a first position by the viewer.
- the subject 60 is perceptible at a second position by the viewer.
- subject 60 is perceptible at a third position by the viewer.
- the first, second and third positions can be different positions.
- the first, second and third positions can be along a (straight) line.
- the position of subject 60 may be the same or not change at the first, second, and third viewing angles.
- the first, second, and third viewing angles may be different viewing angles.
- the first, second and third viewing angle can be achieved by tilting the security element 10 about a first axis.
- a light source and the viewer can have an unchanged position when the security element is tilted.
- the security element tilts about the first axis the position of the motif 60 cannot change or the position of the motif 60 can remain the same.
- a first kinematic effect for example a movement effect
- the viewer may get the impression that the motif 60 runs through the pattern 30 .
- the viewer can get the impression that the pattern elements 50 are moving in the pattern 30, in particular the sizes of pattern elements 50 (the respective size of the respective pattern element 50) are changing.
- the security element 10 can define an x-y plane.
- the x-y plane can define an x-axis and a y-axis.
- the x-axis can be non-parallel to the y-axis.
- the x-axis is perpendicular to the y-axis.
- the x-y plane can define a z-axis.
- the z-axis can be non-parallel to the x-y plane.
- the z-axis can be oriented perpendicular to the x-y plane.
- the security element 10 can be tilted about the y-axis for the first kinematic effect.
- An example of a first kinematic effect is explained in more detail with a view to FIGS.
- the motif 60 can be perceived by the viewer such that the motif 60 extends in the z-axis direction.
- the motif 60 can be perceived by the viewer in such a way that the motif 60 extends in front of or behind the xy plane or curves into this plane or out of the plane.
- the motif 60 can be perceived by the viewer as a curved surface.
- the motif 60 can be perceived by the viewer as an uneven surface.
- an additional motif 70 for example a section that appears bright, can be perceived by the viewer.
- the additional motif 70 can extend from one side of the pattern 30 to another side of the pattern 30 .
- the pattern 30, in particular pattern elements 50 of the pattern 30, can appear lighter than outside of the portion 70 that appears light.
- the additional motif 70 can be perceptible at a first position by the viewer.
- the additional motif 70 can be perceptible at a second position by the viewer.
- the additional motif 70 may be perceptible at a third position by the viewer.
- the first, second and third positions can be different positions.
- the first, second and third positions can be along a (straight) line.
- the first, second, and third viewing angles may be different viewing angles.
- the first, second and third viewing angle can be achieved by tilting the security element 10 about a second axis.
- a light source and the viewer can have an unchanged position when the security element is tilted.
- a second kinematic effect for example a movement effect
- the viewer can get the impression that the additional motif 70, in particular the bright-looking section, runs or rolls through the pattern 30.
- the security element 10 for the second kinematic effect can be tilted about the x-axis.
- An example of a second kinematic effect is explained in more detail with a view to FIGS.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 show an example of a (first) kinematic effect.
- a pattern 30 is shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, which can essentially correspond to the pattern 30 in FIG.
- FIG. 3 shows the pattern from a first viewing angle
- FIG. 4 shows the pattern from a second viewing angle.
- a transition from the first viewing angle to the second Viewing angle can be achieved by tilting the security element 10 with the pattern 30 about a first axis, for example about the y-axis.
- the pattern elements 50 are visible to the viewer with a dark outline 51 enclosing a light interior portion.
- the pattern elements 50 with a light contour 51 are preferably visible to the viewer.
- An interior portion surrounded by contour 51 may be darkly visible to the viewer.
- Tilting the security element 10 about the first axis changes the size or shape of pattern elements 50, 50a in the pattern 30.
- Tilting the security element 10 can increase or decrease the size of pattern elements 50, 50a.
- the size of pattern elements 50, 50a preferably increases as a result of tilting in one direction and decreases as a result of tilting in another direction, for example the opposite direction.
- the size or shape of pattern elements can change in the area of motif 60 as a result of the tilting about the first axis.
- the size or shape of pattern elements as a result of tilting about the first axis can change in an area outside of motif 60 .
- the size or shape of pattern elements as a result of the tilting about the first axis can change both in the area of the motif 60 and in an area outside of the motif 60 .
- pattern elements 50, 50a By enlarging pattern elements 50, 50a, a distance between adjacent pattern elements can decrease. By reducing the size of pattern elements 50, 50a, a distance between adjacent pattern elements can increase.
- the contours 51, 51a of pattern elements 50, 50a in the pattern 30 can also change as a result of a tilting of the security element 10 about the first axis.
- the areas enclosed by the contours 51, 51a can increase or decrease.
- the areas enclosed by the contours 51, 51a preferably become larger when tilted in one direction and smaller when tilted in another direction, for example the opposite direction.
- the pattern 30 can comprise at least two, preferably several, motifs 60.
- An example of the (second) kinematic effect is shown in FIGS.
- FIGS. An example of the (second) kinematic effect is shown in FIGS.
- FIG. 5 shows the pattern from a third viewing angle
- FIG. 6 shows the pattern from a fourth viewing angle.
- a transition from the third viewing angle to the fourth viewing angle can be achieved by tilting the security element 10 with the pattern 30 about a second axis, for example about the x-axis.
- one additional motif 70 (70a, 70b, 70c) or multiple additional motifs 70a, 70b, 70c may be viewable by the viewer at the third viewing angle.
- a position of the additional motif 70 or each of the additional motifs 70a, 70b, 70c in the pattern 30 can change.
- the position of the additional motif 70 or the positions of the additional motifs 70, a 70b, 70c can move in one direction.
- the position of the additional motif 70 or the positions of the additional motifs 70a, 70b, 70c can change in a first direction when the security element 10 tilts in one direction and in a second direction when the security element 10 tilts in another direction.
- the first and second directions can be different directions, in particular opposite directions.
- the additional motif 70 can be a bright-looking section.
- Each of the additional motifs 70a, 70b, 70c can each be a light-looking section.
- the light-acting section comprises at least two, in particular several, light-acting partial sections.
- the light-acting subsections can be spaced apart from one another. Different additional motifs 70a, 70b, 70c or different partial sections that appear light can change their position in different directions by tilting the security element 10 in one direction.
- a dark section 71 (71a, 71b, 71c, 71d) can adjoin an additional motif 70.
- the additional motif 70 can be surrounded by at least one dark section 71 (71a, 71b, 71c, 7ld), in particular by at least two dark sections 71 (71a, 71b, 71c, 7ld).
- multiple dark portions 71a, 71b, 71c, 71d may be visible to the viewer.
- At least two additional motifs 70a, 70b, 70c and at least two dark sections 71a, 71b, 71c, 71d are preferably visible to the viewer in the pattern 30 at a first viewing angle.
- the at least two additional motifs 70a, 70b, 70c and the at least two dark portions 71a, 71b, 71c, 71d in the pattern 30 may be visible to the viewer at a different position than at the first viewing angle.
- the at least two additional motifs 70a, 70b, 70c and the at least two dark sections 71a, 71b, 71c, 71d can be perceived by the viewer as continuous in the pattern 30 to be perceived as moving.
- a dark portion 71a, 71b, 71c, 71d may be visible to the viewer between two additional motifs 70a, 70b, 70c.
- the additional motif 70 can be in the form of a strip.
- the additional motif 70 can be a geometric figure, for example a polygon.
- the additional motif 70 is a triangle, a square, in particular a rectangle or a square, an n-corner or a circle.
- the position of the additional motif 70 or the positions of the additional motifs 70a, 70b, 70c can remain unchanged.
- the shape and/or size of the pattern elements 50, 50a can remain unchanged when the security element 10 is tilted about the second axis.
- FIG. 7 shows pattern elements 50, 50a and 50b, which are also referred to below as first pattern element 50 (first submotif), second pattern element 50a (second submotif) and third pattern element 50b (third submotif).
- the pattern elements of the pattern may include the first pattern element, the second pattern element and the third pattern element.
- contours 51, 51a and 51b of the pattern elements can be shown dark for technical reasons. These contours can appear light to the observer in the security element.
- first pattern element 50 and the second pattern element 50a can be visible in the motif 60, as shown in FIG.
- the third pattern element 50b can be visible outside the motif 60, for example in the first section 65a or the second section 65b.
- the first pattern element 50 can have a contour 51 .
- a shape 52 (sub-motif shape) of the first pattern element 50 can be defined by the contour 51 .
- the first pattern element 50 can have a shape 52 (sub-motif shape) without having a contour 51 .
- the second pattern element 50a can have a contour 51a.
- a shape 52a (sub-motif shape) of the first pattern element 50a can be defined by the contour 51a.
- the second pattern element 50a can have a shape 52a (sub-motif shape) without having a contour 51a.
- the third pattern element 50b can have a contour 51b.
- a shape 52b (submotif shape) of the first pattern element 50b can be defined by the contour 51b.
- the third pattern element 50b can have a shape 52b (sub-motif shape) without having a contour 51b.
- the shape 52 of the first pattern element 50 that is visible in the motif 60 and the shape 52b of the third pattern element 50b that is visible outside the motif 60 can correspond.
- the shape 52 of the first pattern element 50 that is visible in the motif 60 and the shape 52a of the second pattern element 50a that is visible in the motif 60 cannot correspond.
- Pattern elements outside of motif 60 can have the same shape. Pattern elements in the motif 60 can have the same shapes. Alternatively or additionally, pattern elements in the motif 60 can have shapes that correspond to one another. Alternatively or additionally, pattern elements in the motif 60 can have shapes that do not correspond.
- a distance s50ay can be visible between the first pattern element 50 and the second pattern element 50a.
- the distance s50ay can be seen in the direction of the y-axis.
- a distance s50by can be visible between the second pattern element 50a and the third pattern element 50b.
- the distance s50by can be seen in the direction of the y-axis.
- Pattern element 50a can be larger than the distance s50by between the second
- Pattern element 50a and the third pattern element 50b are identical to Pattern element 50a and the third pattern element 50b.
- Pattern element 50a may be equal to the distance s50by between the second pattern element 50a and the third pattern element 50b.
- Pattern element 50a can be smaller than the distance s50by between the second
- Pattern element 50a and the third pattern element 50b are identical to Pattern element 50a and the third pattern element 50b.
- Distances in the direction of the y-axis can be the same between pattern elements in the motif 60 .
- distances between pattern elements in the motif 60 can be different in the direction of the y-axis.
- Distances in the direction of the x-axis can be the same between pattern elements in the motif 60 .
- distances between pattern elements in the motif 60 can be different in the direction of the x-axis.
- Distances in the direction of the y-axis can be the same between pattern elements outside of the motif 60 . Alternatively or additionally, distances between pattern elements outside of motif 60 can be different in the direction of the y-axis. Distances in the direction of the x-axis can be the same between pattern elements outside of the motif 60 . Alternatively or additionally, distances between pattern elements outside of motif 60 can be different in the direction of the x-axis.
- FIG. 8 shows pattern elements 50, 50a and 50b, which are also referred to below as first pattern element 50 (first submotif), second pattern element 50a (second submotif) and third pattern element 50b (third submotif).
- the pattern elements of the pattern may include the first pattern element, the second pattern element and the third pattern element.
- the pattern elements described with regard to FIG. 8 can be the pattern elements described with regard to FIG.
- the first pattern element 50 can have a first side 501 .
- the first pattern element 50 can have a second side 502 .
- the first pattern element 50 can have a third side 503 .
- the first pattern element 50 can have a fourth side 504 .
- the first side 501 of the first pattern element 50 can be a section of the contour 51 of the first pattern element 50 .
- the second side 502 of the first pattern element 50 can be a portion of the contour 51 of the first pattern element 50 .
- the third side 503 of the first pattern element 50 can be a portion of the contour 51 of the first pattern element 50 .
- the fourth side 504 of the first pattern element 50 may be a portion of the contour 51 of the first pattern element 50 .
- the second pattern element 50a may have a first side 501a.
- the second pattern element 50a may have a second side 502a.
- the second pattern element 50a may have a third side 503a.
- the second pattern element 50a may have a fourth side 504a.
- the first side 501a of the second pattern element 50a may be a portion of the contour 51a of the second pattern element 50a.
- the second side 502a of the second pattern element 50a may be a portion of the contour 51a of the second pattern element 50a.
- the third side 503a of the second pattern element 50a may be a portion of the contour 51a of the second pattern element 50a.
- the fourth side 504a of the second pattern element 50a may be a portion of the contour 51a of the second pattern element 50a.
- the third pattern element 50b can have a first side 501b.
- the third pattern element 50b may have a second side 502b.
- the third pattern element 50b may have a third side 503b.
- the third pattern element 50b may have a fourth side 504b.
- the first side 501b of the third pattern element 50b may be a portion of the contour 51b of the third pattern element 50b.
- the second side 502b of the third pattern element 50b may be a portion of the contour 51b of the third pattern element 50b.
- the third side 503b of the third pattern element 50b may be a portion of the contour 51b of the third pattern element 50b.
- the fourth side 504b of the third pattern element 50b may be a portion of the contour 51b of the third pattern element 50b.
- the first side 501 of the first pattern element 50 can be parallel to the third side 503 of the first pattern element 50.
- the second side 502 of the first pattern element 50 can be parallel to the fourth side 504 of the first pattern element 50.
- the first side 501 may have a first length (extent) s501.
- the second side 502 may have a second length (extent) s502.
- the third side 503 may have a third length (extent) s503.
- the fourth side 504 may have a fourth length (extent) s501.
- At least two of the first length s501, the second length s502, the third length s503, and the fourth length s504 may be equal to each other. At least three of the first length s501, the second length s502, the third length s503, and the fourth length s504 may be equal to each other. Each of the first length s501, the second length s502, the third length s503, and the fourth length s504 may be equal to each other.
- At least two of the first length s501, the second length s502, the third length s503 and the fourth length s504 can be different from each other. At least three of the first length s501, the second length s502, the third length s503 and the fourth length s504 can be different from each other. Each of the first length s501, the second length s502, the third length s503, and the fourth length s504 may be different from each other.
- the first side 501a of the second pattern element 50a may be parallel to the third side 503a of the second pattern element 50a.
- the second Side 502a of the second pattern element 50a may be non-parallel to the fourth side 504a of the second pattern element 50a.
- the first side 501a may have a first length (extent) s501a.
- the second side 502a may have a second length (extent) s502a.
- the third side 503a may have a third length (extent) s503a.
- the fourth side 504a may have a fourth length (extent) s501a.
- At least two of the first length s501a, the second length s502a, the third length s503a, and the fourth length s504a may be equal to each other. At least three of the first length s501a, the second length s502a, the third length s503a and the fourth length s504a can be equal to each other. Each of the first length s501a, the second length s502a, the third length s503a, and the fourth length s504a may be equal to each other.
- At least two of the first length s501a, the second length s502a, the third length s503a and the fourth length s504a can be different from each other. At least three of the first length s501a, the second length s502a, the third length s503a and the fourth length s504a can be different from each other. Each of the first length s501a, the second length s502a, the third length s503a, and the fourth length s504a may be different from each other.
- the first side 501b of the third pattern element 50b may be parallel to the third side 503b of the third pattern element 50b.
- the second side 502b of the second pattern element 50b can be parallel to the fourth side 504b of the third pattern element 50b.
- the first side 501b may have a first length (extent) s501b.
- the second side 502b may have a second length (extent) s502b.
- the third side 503b may have a third length (extent) s503b.
- the fourth side 504b may have a fourth length (extent) s501b.
- At least two of the first length s501b, the second length s502b, the third length s503b, and the fourth length s504b may be equal to each other. At least three of the first length s501b, the second length s502b, the third length s503b, and the fourth length s504b may be equal to each other. Each of the first length s501b, the second Length s502b, the third length s503b and the fourth length s504b can be equal to each other.
- At least two of the first length s501b, the second length s502b, the third length s503b and the fourth length s504b can be different from each other. At least three of the first length s501b, the second length s502b, the third length s503b and the fourth length s504b can be different from each other. Each of the first length s501b, the second length s502b, the third length s503b, and the fourth length s504b may be different from each other.
- At least one of the first length s501, the second length s502, the third length s503 and the fourth length s504 of the first pattern element 50 can be equal to at least one of the first length s501a, the second length s502a, the third length s503a and the fourth length s504a of the second pattern element 50a.
- At least one of the first length s501, the second length s502, the third length s503 and the fourth length s504 of the first pattern element 50 can be different from at least one of the first length s501a, the second length s502a, the third length s503a and the fourth length s504a of the second pattern element 50a.
- At least two of the first length s501, the second length s502, the third length s503 and the fourth length s504 of the first pattern element 50 can be equal to at least two of the first length s501a, the second length s502a, the third length s503a and the fourth length s504a of the second pattern element 50a.
- At least two of the first length s501, the second length s502, the third length s503 and the fourth length s504 of the first pattern element 50 can be different from at least two of the first length s501a, the second length s502a, the third length s503a and the fourth length s504a of the second pattern element 50a.
- At least one of the first length s501, the second length s502, the third length s503 and the fourth length s504 of the first pattern element 50 can be equal to at least one of the first length s501b, the second length s502b, the third length s503b and the fourth length s504b of the third pattern element 50b.
- At least one of the first length s501, the second length s502, the third length s503 and the fourth length s504 of the first pattern element 50 can be different from at least one of the first length s501b, the second length s502b, the third length s503b and the fourth length s504b of the third pattern element 50b.
- At least two of the first length s501, the second length s502, the third length s503 and the fourth length s504 of the first pattern element 50 can be equal to at least two of the first length s501b, the second length s502b, the third length s503b and the fourth length s504b of the third pattern element 50b.
- At least two of the first length s501, the second length s502, the third length s503 and the fourth length s504 of the first pattern element 50 can be different from at least two of the first length s501b, the second length s502b, the third length s503b and the fourth length s504b of the third pattern element 50b.
- At least one of the first length s501a, the second length s502a, the third length s503a and the fourth length s504a of the second pattern element 50a can be equal to at least one of the first length s501b, the second length s502b, the third length s503b and the fourth length s504b of the third pattern element 50b.
- At least one of the first length s501a, the second length s502a, the third length s503a and the fourth length s504a of the second pattern element 50a can differ from at least one of the first length s501b, the second length s502b, the third length s503b and the fourth length s504b of the third pattern element 50b.
- At least two of the first length s501a, the second length s502a, the third length s503a and the fourth length s504a of the second pattern element 50a can be equal to at least two of the first length s501b, the second length s502b, the third length s503b and the fourth length s504b of the third pattern element 50b.
- At least two of the first length s501a, the second length s502a, the third length s503a and the fourth length s504a of the second pattern element 50a can differ from at least two of the first length s501b, the second length s502b, the third length s503b and the fourth length s504b of the third pattern element 50b.
- FIG. 9 shows a pattern 30.
- the pattern 30 is visible (perceivable) in a motif area 20 of a security element 10 by a viewer from a first viewing angle.
- the security element 10 can define an x-y plane.
- the x-y plane can define an x-axis and a y-axis.
- the x-axis can be non-parallel to the y-axis.
- the x-axis is perpendicular to the y-axis.
- the x-y plane can define a z-axis.
- the z-axis can be non-parallel to the x-y plane.
- the z-axis can be oriented perpendicular to the x-y plane.
- pattern elements are generally summarized by reference number 50 .
- Specific pattern elements 50 can be identified by reference numerals 50, 50a and 50b.
- a contour 51 of a pattern element 50 can define the shape of the pattern element 50 .
- the contour 51 of a pattern element 50 may surround an interior portion of the pattern element 50 .
- a pattern element 50 can have a shape without having a contour 51 .
- a motif 60 is perceivable by the viewer.
- the motif 60 appears three-dimensional to the viewer.
- the entire pattern 30 can be perceived three-dimensionally by the viewer.
- the entire pattern 30 can be the motif 60.
- the motif comprises 60 segments A and B.
- the segments A and B can be perceived by the viewer in such a way that they (periodically) extend upwards and downwards in sections. Up and down is to be understood here in the direction of the z-axis. The sectional extension upwards and downwards can act continuously. Within a segment A or B, a wavy line-like course can be perceived by the viewer.
- the segments A and B can adjoin each other.
- motif 60 may be perceptible as extending downward, and in an adjacent portion of segment B, motif 60 may be perceptible as extending upward.
- Motif 60 may have multiple A and B segments.
- the viewer's three-dimensional impression of the motif 60 is caused by a distortion of pattern elements 50 in the region of the motif 60 .
- the viewer's three-dimensional impression of the motif 60 can be brought about by a distortion of contours 51 of pattern elements 50 and/or of shapes of pattern elements 50 in the region of the motif 60 .
- a first portion of motif 60 may be perceptible as extending upward at a first position and a second portion of motif 60 may be perceptible as extending downward at a second position.
- the first portion of motif 60 at the first position may be perceptible as extending downward and the second portion of motif 60 at the second position may be perceptible as extending upward.
- the first and second sections can be different sections.
- the first and second viewing angles can be different viewing angles.
- the first and second viewing angle can be achieved by tilting the security element 10 about a first axis.
- a light source and the viewer can have an unchanged position when the security element is tilted.
- a (first) kinematic effect for example a movement effect
- the viewer may be given the impression that at least portions of the subject are performing a snake motion or an up and down motion.
- the viewer can get the impression that the pattern elements 50 are moving.
- the movement of the pattern elements 50 can be essentially the same as the movement of the pattern elements 50 as described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4 and can be perceived by the viewer.
- the security element 10 can be tilted about the y-axis for the first kinematic effect.
- the motif 60 can be perceived by the viewer in such a way that the motif 60 extends at least in sections in the direction of the z-axis.
- the motif 60 can be perceived by the observer in such a way that the motif 60 extends at least in sections in front of or behind the xy plane.
- the motif 60 can of that be perceived as a curved surface.
- the motif 60 can be perceived by the viewer as an uneven surface.
- an additional motif 70 for example a section that appears bright, can be perceived by the viewer.
- at least two, preferably at least three, more preferably at least five, additional motifs 70 can be perceived by the viewer in the pattern 30 .
- All additional motifs 70 can have the properties of an additional motif 70 .
- Bright-looking sections 70 and non-bright-looking sections can alternate (periodically) in the pattern.
- Pattern 30 in particular pattern elements 50 of pattern 30, can appear lighter in section 70 that appears bright than outside of section 70 that appears bright.
- the additional pattern 70 may be perceivable at a first position by the viewer.
- the additional pattern may be perceptible at a second position by the viewer.
- the additional pattern 70 may be perceptible at a third position by the viewer.
- the first, second and third positions can be different positions.
- the first, second and third positions can be along a (curved) line.
- the first, second, and third viewing angles may be different viewing angles.
- the first, second and third viewing angle can be achieved by tilting the security element 10 about a second axis. A source of light and the viewer can have an unchanged position when the security element 10 is tilted.
- a second kinematic effect for example a movement effect
- the viewer can get the impression that the additional pattern 70, in particular the bright-looking section 70, runs through the pattern 30 or rolls.
- additional patterns 70 can be visible running in opposite directions due to the second kinematic effect.
- an additional pattern 70 in segment A and an additional pattern 70 in segment B can be perceived running in opposite directions.
- the security element 10 for the second kinematic effect can be tilted about the x-axis.
- the second kinematic effect can be configured essentially in the same way as the kinematic effect described with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6 and can be perceived by the viewer.
- FIG. 10 shows pattern elements 50, 50a and 50b, which are also referred to below as first pattern element 50 (first submotif), second pattern element 50a (second submotif) and third pattern element 50b (third submotif).
- the pattern elements of the pattern may include the first pattern element, the second pattern element and the third pattern element.
- the first pattern element 50 can have a contour 51 .
- a shape 52 of the first pattern element 50 (submotif shape) can be defined by the contour 51 .
- the first pattern element 50 can have a shape 52 (sub-motif shape) without having a contour 51 .
- the second pattern element 50a can have a contour 51a.
- a shape 52a of the first pattern element 50a (submotif shape) can be defined by the contour 51a.
- the second pattern element 50a can have a shape 52a (sub-motif shape) without having a contour 51a.
- the third pattern element 50b can have a contour 51b.
- a shape 52b of the first pattern element 50b (submotif shape) can be defined by the contour 51b.
- the third pattern element 50b can have a shape 52b (sub-motif shape) without having a contour 51b.
- the shape 50 of the first pattern element 50 and the shape 50b of the third pattern element 50b can be distorted with respect to one another.
- the shape 50 of the first pattern element 50 and the shape 50a of the second pattern element 50a cannot correspond.
- the shape 50a of the second pattern element 50a and the shape 50b of the third pattern element 50b can be distorted with respect to one another.
- the shape 50a of the second pattern element 50a and the shape 50b of the third pattern element 50b cannot correspond.
- Pattern elements 50 in the motif 60 can have the same shapes. Alternatively or additionally, pattern elements 50 in motif 60 can have shapes that correspond to one another. Alternatively or additionally, pattern elements in the motif 60 can have shapes that do not correspond.
- Pattern elements 50 arranged in one direction can have the same shape or a corresponding shape. At least two, preferably at least three, pattern elements 50 (adjacent) can be visible in one direction.
- a distance s50ay can be visible between the first pattern element 50 and the second pattern element 50a.
- the distance s50ay can be seen in the direction of the y-axis.
- a distance s50by can be visible between the second pattern element 50a and the third pattern element 50b.
- the distance s50by can be seen in the direction of the y-axis.
- Pattern element 50a can be larger than the distance s50by between the second
- Pattern element 50a and the third pattern element 50b are identical to Pattern element 50a and the third pattern element 50b.
- Pattern element 50a may be equal to the distance s50by between the second pattern element 50a and the third pattern element 50b.
- Pattern element 50a can be smaller than the distance s50by between the second
- Pattern element 50a and the third pattern element 50b are identical to Pattern element 50a and the third pattern element 50b.
- Distances in the direction of the y-axis can be the same between pattern elements in the motif 60 .
- distances between pattern elements in the motif 60 can be different in the direction of the y-axis.
- Distances in the direction of the x-axis can be the same between pattern elements in the motif 60 .
- distances between pattern elements in the motif 60 can be different in the direction of the x-axis.
- FIG. 11 shows pattern elements 50, 50a and 50b, which are also referred to below as first pattern element 50 (first submotif), second pattern element 50a (second submotif) and third pattern element 50b (third submotif).
- the pattern elements of the pattern may include the first pattern element, the second pattern element and the third pattern element.
- the pattern elements described with regard to FIG. 11 can be the pattern elements described with regard to FIG.
- An offset s50ax can be visible between the first pattern element 50 and the second pattern element 50a.
- the offset s50ax can be visible in the direction of the x-axis.
- An offset s50bx can be visible between the second pattern element 50a and the third pattern element 50b.
- the offset s50bx can be visible in the direction of the x-axis.
- An offset can be the distance between two adjacent sides of different pattern elements in a direction of the side.
- An offset can be a deviation in the positions of pattern elements.
- Pattern element 50a can be larger than the offset s50bx between the second
- Pattern element 50a and the third pattern element 50b are identical to Pattern element 50a and the third pattern element 50b.
- Pattern element 50a can be equal to the offset s50bx between the second pattern element 50a and the third pattern element 50b.
- Pattern element 50a can be smaller than the offset s50bx between the second pattern element 50a and the third pattern element 50b.
- a respective offset can be the same between pattern elements in the motif 60 .
- a respective offset between pattern elements in the motif 60 can be different in the direction of the y-axis or the x-axis.
- FIG. 12 shows pattern elements 50, 50a and 50b, which are also referred to below as first pattern element 50 (first submotif), second pattern element 50a (second submotif) and third pattern element 50b (third submotif).
- the pattern elements of the pattern may include the first pattern element, the second pattern element and the third pattern element.
- the pattern elements described with regard to FIG. 12 can be the pattern elements described with regard to FIG. 10 and/or 11.
- the first pattern element 50 can have a first side 501 .
- the first pattern element 50 can have a second side 502 .
- the first pattern element 50 can have a third side 503 .
- the first pattern element 50 can have a fourth side 504 .
- the first side 501 of the first pattern element 50 can be a section of the contour 51 of the first pattern element 50 .
- the second side 502 of the first pattern element 50 can be a portion of the contour 51 of the first pattern element 50 .
- the third side 503 of the first pattern element 50 can be a portion of the contour 51 of the first pattern element 50 .
- the fourth side 504 of the first pattern element 50 may be a portion of the contour 51 of the first pattern element 50 .
- the second pattern element 50a may have a first side 501a.
- the second pattern element 50a may have a second side 502a.
- the second pattern element 50a may have a third side 503a.
- the second pattern element 50a may have a fourth side 504a.
- the first side 501a of the second pattern element 50a may be a portion of the contour 51a of the second pattern element 50a.
- the second side 502a of the second pattern element 50a may be a portion of the contour 51a of the second pattern element 50a.
- the third side 503a of the second pattern element 50a may be a portion of the contour 51a of the second pattern element 50a.
- the fourth side 504a of the second pattern element 50a may be a portion of the contour 51 of the second pattern element 50a.
- the third pattern element 50b can have a first side 501b.
- the third pattern element 50b may have a second side 502b.
- the third pattern element 50b may have a third side 503b.
- the third pattern element 50b may have a fourth side 504b.
- the first side 501b of the third pattern element 50b may be a portion of the contour 51b of the third pattern element 50b.
- the second side 502b of the third pattern element 50b may be a portion of the contour 51b of the third pattern element 50b.
- the third side 503b of the third pattern element 50b may be a portion of the contour 51b of the third pattern element 50b.
- the fourth side 504b of the third pattern element 50b may be a portion of the contour 51b of the third pattern element 50b.
- the first side 501 of the first pattern element 50 can be parallel to the third side 503 of the first pattern element 50.
- the second side 502 of the first pattern element 50 can be parallel to the fourth side 504 of the first pattern element 50.
- An angle can be formed between the second side 502 of the first pattern element 50 and the third side 503 of the first pattern element 50 which is less than 90°, preferably less than 85°, more preferably less than 80°.
- the first side 501 may have a first length (extent) s501.
- the second side 502 may have a second length (extent) s502.
- the third side 503 may have a third length (extent) s503.
- the fourth side 504 may have a fourth length (extent) s501.
- At least two of the first length s501, the second length s502, the third length s503, and the fourth length s504 may be equal to each other. At least three of the first length s501, the second length s502, the third length s503, and the fourth length s504 may be equal to each other. Each of the first length s501, the second length s502, the third length s503, and the fourth length s504 may be equal to each other.
- At least two of the first length s501, the second length s502, the third length s503 and the fourth length s504 can be different from each other. At least three of the first length s501, the second length s502, the third length s503 and the fourth length s504 can be different from each other. Each of the first length s501, the second length s502, third length s503 and fourth length s504 may differ from each other.
- the first side 501a of the second pattern element 50a may be parallel to the third side 503a of the second pattern element 50a.
- the second side 502a of the second pattern element 50a can be parallel to the fourth side 504a of the second pattern element 50a.
- An angle smaller than 90°, preferably smaller than 85°, more preferably smaller than 80° can be formed between the second side 502a of the second pattern element 50a and the third side 503a of the second pattern element 50a.
- the first side 501a may have a first length (extent) s501a.
- the second side 502a may have a second length (extent) s502a.
- the third side 503a may have a third length (extent) s503a.
- the fourth side 504a may have a fourth length (extent) s501a.
- At least two of the first length s501a, the second length s502a, the third length s503a, and the fourth length s504a may be equal to each other. At least three of the first length s501a, the second length s502a, the third length s503a and the fourth length s504a can be equal to each other. Each of the first length s501a, the second length s502a, the third length s503a, and the fourth length s504a may be equal to each other.
- At least two of the first length s501a, the second length s502a, the third length s503a and the fourth length s504a can be different from each other. At least three of the first length s501a, the second length s502a, the third length s503a and the fourth length s504a can be different from each other. Each of the first length s501a, the second length s502a, the third length s503a, and the fourth length s504a may be different from each other.
- the first side 501b of the third pattern element 50b may be parallel to the third side 503b of the third pattern element 50b.
- the second side 502b of the second pattern element 50b can be parallel to the fourth side 504b of the third pattern element 50b.
- the first side 501b may have a first length (extent) s501b.
- the second side 502b may have a second length (extent) s502b.
- the third side 503b may have a third length (extent) s503b.
- the fourth side 504b may have a fourth length (extent) s501b.
- At least two of the first length s501b, the second length s502b, the third length s503b, and the fourth length s504b may be equal to each other. At least three of the first length s501b, the second length s502b, the third length s503b, and the fourth length s504b may be equal to each other. Each of the first length s501b, the second length s502b, the third length s503b, and the fourth length s504b may be equal to each other.
- At least two of the first length s501b, the second length s502b, the third length s503b and the fourth length s504b can be different from each other. At least three of the first length s501b, the second length s502b, the third length s503b and the fourth length s504b can be different from each other. Each of the first length s501b, the second length s502b, the third length s503b, and the fourth length s504b may be different from each other.
- At least one of the first length s501, the second length s502, the third length s503 and the fourth length s504 of the first pattern element 50 can be equal to at least one of the first length s501a, the second length s502a, the third length s503a and the fourth length s504a of the second pattern element 50a.
- At least one of the first length s501, the second length s502, the third length s503 and the fourth length s504 of the first pattern element 50 can be different from at least one of the first length s501a, the second length s502a, the third length s503a and the fourth length s504a of the second pattern element 50a.
- At least two of the first length s501, the second length s502, the third length s503 and the fourth length s504 of the first pattern element 50 can be equal to at least two of the first length s501a, the second length s502a, the third length s503a and the fourth length s504a of the second pattern element 50a.
- At least two of the first length s501, the second length s502, the third length s503 and the fourth length s504 of the first pattern element 50 can be different to at least two of the first length s501a, the second length s502a, the third length s503a and the fourth length s504a of the second pattern element 50a.
- At least one of the first length s501, the second length s502, the third length s503 and the fourth length s504 of the first pattern element 50 can be equal to at least one of the first length s501b, the second length s502b, the third length s503b and the fourth length s504b of the third pattern element 50b.
- At least one of the first length s501, the second length s502, the third length s503 and the fourth length s504 of the first pattern element 50 can be different from at least one of the first length s501b, the second length s502b, the third length s503b and the fourth length s504b of the third pattern element 50b.
- At least two of the first length s501, the second length s502, the third length s503 and the fourth length s504 of the first pattern element 50 can be equal to at least two of the first length s501b, the second length s502b, the third length s503b and the fourth length s504b of the third pattern element 50b.
- At least two of the first length s501, the second length s502, the third length s503 and the fourth length s504 of the first pattern element 50 can be different from at least two of the first length s501b, the second length s502b, the third length s503b and the fourth length s504b of the third pattern element 50b.
- At least one of the first length s501a, the second length s502a, the third length s503a and the fourth length s504a of the second pattern element 50a can be equal to at least one of the first length s501b, the second length s502b, the third length s503b and the fourth length s504b of the third pattern element 50b.
- At least one of the first length s501a, the second length s502a, the third length s503a and the fourth length s504a of the second pattern element 50a can differ from at least one of the first length s501b, the second length s502b, the third length s503b and the fourth length s504b of the third pattern element 50b.
- At least two of the first length s501a, the second length s502a, the third length s503a and the fourth length s504a of the second pattern element 50a can be the same to at least two of the first length s501b, the second length s502b, the third length s503b and the fourth length s504b of the third pattern element 50b.
- At least two of the first length s501a, the second length s502a, the third length s503a and the fourth length s504a of the second pattern element 50a can differ from at least two of the first length s501b, the second length s502b, the third length s503b and the fourth length s504b of the third pattern element 50b.
- the angle between the second side 502 of the first pattern element 50 and the third side 503 of the first pattern element 50 may be smaller than the angle between the second side 502a of the second pattern element 50a and the third side 503a of the second pattern element 50a.
- the angle between the second side 502a of the second pattern element 50a and the third side 503a of the second pattern element 50a may be smaller than an angle between the second side 502b of the third pattern element 50b and the third side 503b of the third pattern element 50b.
- a pattern 30 is shown in FIG.
- the pattern 30 is visible (perceivable) in a motif area 20 of a security element 10 by a viewer from a first viewing angle.
- the pattern 30 includes a plurality of pattern elements 50, 50a.
- the pattern elements 50, 50a can have contours 51, 51a.
- a motif 60 is three-dimensionally visible to an observer.
- the subject in this example is a human head.
- the pattern elements 50, 50a are distorted in such a way that a three-dimensional impression of the human head is created. For the observer, it appears as if a surface with pattern elements 50, 50a was laid over the human head in a regular grid, resulting in the three-dimensional impression.
- a first kinematic effect in the pattern 30 can be perceivable by the viewer.
- the human head may rotate compared to the neck indicated, so that the face of the head is more frontally visible.
- the human head may rise and fall relative to the indicated neck, so that the face of the head changes position vertically (head nodding).
- the viewer can get the impression that the pattern elements 50 are moving.
- the movement of the pattern elements 50 can be essentially the same as the movement of the pattern elements 50 as described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4 and can be perceived by the viewer.
- an additional motif 70 for example a bright-looking section, can be visible to the viewer.
- the additional motif 70 can be perceived as moving or rolling in the direction of the y-axis.
- the additional motif 70 can move in the positive direction of the y-axis as a result of the tilting if the security element 10 is tilted in one direction.
- the additional motif 70 can move in the negative direction of the y-axis if the security element 10 is tilted in a different direction.
- FIG. 14 shows a facet 111 schematically.
- the facet 111 can be a planar surface. Facet 111 may be tilted from an x-y plane having an x-axis and a y-axis. The facet 111 can be tilted both in the direction of the x-axis and in the direction of the y-axis. A z-axis can be oriented perpendicular to the x-y plane.
- the facet 111 can define a normal vector n.
- the normal vector n can extend with a first orientation component and a second orientation component in the direction of the z-axis.
- the facet 111 can be a surface of a microreflector 110, in particular a micromirror.
- a first kinematic effect described herein can be determined by the first orientation component of the normal vector n.
- a second kinematic effect described herein may be determined by the second orientation component of the normal vector n.
- the first kinematic effect can be independent of the second orientation component of the normal vector n.
- the second kinematic effect can be independent of the first orientation component of the normal vector n.
- a multiplicity of facets 111 can be arranged in the motif area 20 . By reflecting light from a light source through the multiplicity of facets 111, different optical impressions can be perceived by the viewer depending on the position of the security element 10.
- a distance can be the shortest distance between objects (e.g. between two sub-subjects) in one direction, preferably in the x-direction or in the y-direction.
- different by at least 100 pm can mean different. Different can mean different between 100pm and 500pm.
- a deviation of at most ⁇ 10%, preferably at most ⁇ 5%, more preferably ⁇ 3%, more preferably ⁇ 1%, can mean the same.
Landscapes
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Accounting & Taxation (AREA)
- Finance (AREA)
- Polarising Elements (AREA)
- Diffracting Gratings Or Hologram Optical Elements (AREA)
- Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US18/558,831 US20240217254A1 (en) | 2021-05-03 | 2022-04-04 | Optically variable security element |
EP22719800.9A EP4334139A1 (de) | 2021-05-03 | 2022-04-04 | Optisch variables sicherheitselement |
CN202280032439.5A CN117241947A (zh) | 2021-05-03 | 2022-04-04 | 光学可变的防伪元件 |
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DE102021002335.8 | 2021-05-03 | ||
DE102021002335.8A DE102021002335A1 (de) | 2021-05-03 | 2021-05-03 | Optisch variables sicherheitselement und wertdokument mit dem optisch variablen sicherheitselement |
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WO2022233450A1 true WO2022233450A1 (de) | 2022-11-10 |
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PCT/EP2022/025130 WO2022233450A1 (de) | 2021-05-03 | 2022-04-04 | Optisch variables sicherheitselement |
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US (1) | US20240217254A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP4334139A1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN117241947A (de) |
DE (1) | DE102021002335A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2022233450A1 (de) |
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DE102005061749A1 (de) | 2005-12-21 | 2007-07-05 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Optisch variables Sicherheitselement und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
WO2008095698A1 (de) * | 2007-02-07 | 2008-08-14 | Leonhard Kurz Stiftung & Co. Kg | Sicherheitselement für ein sicherheitsdokument und verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
WO2011066990A2 (de) | 2009-12-04 | 2011-06-09 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Sicherheitselement, wertdokument mit einem solchen sicherheitselement sowie herstellungsverfahren eines sicherheitselementes |
DE102010025775A1 (de) * | 2010-07-01 | 2012-01-05 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Sicherheitselement sowie Wertdokument mit einem solchen Sicherheitselement |
DE102010049831A1 (de) * | 2010-10-27 | 2012-05-03 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Optisch variables Flächenmuster |
WO2016180522A1 (de) | 2015-05-08 | 2016-11-17 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Optisch variables sicherheitselement |
EP3339048A1 (de) * | 2016-12-22 | 2018-06-27 | Giesecke+Devrient Currency Technology GmbH | Sicherheitselement mit reflektivem flächenbereich |
DE102017006507A1 (de) * | 2017-07-10 | 2019-01-10 | Giesecke+Devrient Currency Technology Gmbh | Strukturelement |
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CA2541568C (en) | 2005-04-06 | 2014-05-13 | Jds Uniphase Corporation | Dynamic appearance-changing optical devices (dacod) printed in a shaped magnetic field including printable fresnel structures |
EP3637172A4 (de) | 2017-06-06 | 2020-06-17 | Toppan Printing Co., Ltd. | Optische struktur |
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2021
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2022
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- 2022-04-04 CN CN202280032439.5A patent/CN117241947A/zh active Pending
- 2022-04-04 EP EP22719800.9A patent/EP4334139A1/de active Pending
- 2022-04-04 WO PCT/EP2022/025130 patent/WO2022233450A1/de active Application Filing
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE102005061749A1 (de) | 2005-12-21 | 2007-07-05 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Optisch variables Sicherheitselement und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
WO2008095698A1 (de) * | 2007-02-07 | 2008-08-14 | Leonhard Kurz Stiftung & Co. Kg | Sicherheitselement für ein sicherheitsdokument und verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
WO2011066990A2 (de) | 2009-12-04 | 2011-06-09 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Sicherheitselement, wertdokument mit einem solchen sicherheitselement sowie herstellungsverfahren eines sicherheitselementes |
DE102010025775A1 (de) * | 2010-07-01 | 2012-01-05 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Sicherheitselement sowie Wertdokument mit einem solchen Sicherheitselement |
DE102010049831A1 (de) * | 2010-10-27 | 2012-05-03 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Optisch variables Flächenmuster |
WO2016180522A1 (de) | 2015-05-08 | 2016-11-17 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Optisch variables sicherheitselement |
EP3339048A1 (de) * | 2016-12-22 | 2018-06-27 | Giesecke+Devrient Currency Technology GmbH | Sicherheitselement mit reflektivem flächenbereich |
DE102017006507A1 (de) * | 2017-07-10 | 2019-01-10 | Giesecke+Devrient Currency Technology Gmbh | Strukturelement |
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DE102021002335A1 (de) | 2022-12-01 |
EP4334139A1 (de) | 2024-03-13 |
US20240217254A1 (en) | 2024-07-04 |
CN117241947A (zh) | 2023-12-15 |
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